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}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 -}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 Deceased suffering from advanced heart disease}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 death occurred two and half days after last working}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 no specific evidence of incident at work}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14379554 - }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 f}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14379554 a}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 ilure to discharge onus that death arose out }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid1451724 of and}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 in the course }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid1451724 of employment}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 .)}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 J. K. Ma}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid1451724 har}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 aj}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 for appellant \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 P. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid1451724 I}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid1451724 . Knight}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 for respondent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Appeal from the judgement }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s Court Suva dismissing an application by the Labour Officer acting for and on behalf }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of Luisa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Legalega for compensation alleged to have been payable to her pursuant to the provisions of the Workmens Compensation Act. (Cap. 77) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Luisa Legalega was the daughter of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 eli Ratulomai a dock worker who died at Suva on 14 January 1978 age 58. The post mor tem report stated that the cause }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s death was conjestive heart failure due to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease. The deceased had a history of heart trouble. . \par \par Apparently accepted by the magistrate was that most afternoons because of chest pains the deceased would ask his family to massage his chest. There was no evidence that the deceased complained of chest pains on the day after he arrived home from work and nothing to indicate he had had heart attack during working hours. A report of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 r Ram stated that the deceased had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 pertension and Ischaemic Heart}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 disease resulting in Chronic Conjestive Cardiac failure and left }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 bundle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 branch}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 block}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 . He said in evidence that heavy work would have made the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s heart conditions worse nor could he exclude the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 possibility}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 that the deceased could have died at any time. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 There was no specific evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 before}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 the court as to the nature and duration of the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s work on the last }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 he worked }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 before}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 his death. He had }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 employed as a cargo sorter assisted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 two labourers and would seldom carry the ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 rgo}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 himself. The deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s wido}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 said that her }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12153556\charrsid9782265 husband's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 last day of work was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ednesday 11 January 1978 i.e. two and half days }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 before he died.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The magistrate in his judgment found as a fact that nothing the deceased did at work in any way caused or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 contributed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 to his death and further, there had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 no accident in terms of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 S.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 5 of the Act i.e.:}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid13595750 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 "The employer is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 liable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 if a workman receives personal injury }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 an accident arising out of and in the course of the employment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 ."}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The learned trial judge further accepted that the magistrate had found as a fact that nothing the deceased did at work in any way caused or contributed to his death. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Held}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 : \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The onus was on the applicant to establish that the death }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 workman arose out of and in the course of his employment. The magistrate}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s finding of fact indicated that he did not consider the applicant had discharged that evidence. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 There was no evidence as to what specific work the workman was doing or any evidence that he suffered any attack at work. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Considering the evidence in this case, the magistrate was clearly right in dismissing the application. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ses }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 referred to: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid10175711 Clover, Clayton and Co Ltd}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 v Hughes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 }{\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid12153556\charrsid12153556 [1910] AC }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 242}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 Partridge }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 J}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 ones & John Paton Ltd v }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 J}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 ames}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 1933}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12153556 AC 501.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 Whittle v Ebbw Vale, S}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 eele, Iron & Coal Co Ltd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 1936}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 2 All E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 R 1221}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 Ba}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 abas v Bersham Colliery Co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 (1910) 4 BWCC 119.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 Falmouth Docks & Engineering Co L}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid2193076 d v Treloar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946 [1933] AC 481.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid4406946\charrsid4406946 Oates v Earl }{\i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid4406946\charrsid10175711 Fitzwilliam's}{\i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid4406946\charrsid4406946 Collieries Co}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4406946\charrsid4406946 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 (1939) 2 All ER }{\f0\fs24\insrsid150648\charrsid150648 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid150648 98.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 KERMODE, Mr Justice \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2193076 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid10175711 Judgment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 This is an appeal from the judgment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s Court, Suva dismissing an application by the Labour Officer, acting for and on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 behalf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 Luisa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Legalega}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 for compensation alleged to be payable to her pursuant to the provisions of the Workmen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s Compensation Act. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Luisa Legalega is the daughter of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Meli Ratulomani, a dockworker}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 who died at Suva on the 14th January 1978 aged 58. According to the post mortem report the cause of the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s death was congestive heart failure due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The deceased had a long history of heart trouble. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Doctor P. Ram prepared a report which he tendered, compiled from hospital notes. This report indicates the deceased was admitted to hospital in September}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11998687 ,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 1973 with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11998687 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 pertension, congestive cardiac failure and left bundle branch block. He was again admitted to hospital on 5th May}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11998687 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 1974 and, after discharge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 regularly attended the hospital clinic at 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9190828 \endash }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9190828 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 weekly intervals}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 . His last attendance was on 21}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 st November, 1977 when he was still on treatment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Doctor Ram}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s report states that the deceased had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11998687 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 y}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 pertension and ischaemic heart disease resulting in chronic congestive cardiac failure and left bundle branch block. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Doctor Ram in evidence said that hea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 vy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 work would have made the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s heart condition worse. He could not exclude the possibility that the deceased could have died at any time. He mentioned that it could have happened as he walked up stairs. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2193076 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 There was no spe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 cific e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 vidence before the Court as to the nature }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 nd duration of the deceased's work on the last day he worked before his death. He was em}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ployed}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 as a cargo sorter. He was assisted by 2 labourers }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 nd would seldom handle cargo himself. He only worked when ships were in p}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ort}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par The deceased's widow said that her husband's last day at work was on Friday the day before he died. However, in cross-examination, it was put to her that he did not work on the Friday. She agreed and said the last day he worked was Wednesday the 11th January 1978. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par This date was confirmed by Mr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 . Chambers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 the Assistant Secretary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 the respondent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 authority}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 ,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 from records kept by the authority. The widow also stated that most afternoons because of ches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 pains the deceased would ask his family to }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 massage his chest. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par The deceased died }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid9190828 2 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9190828\charrsid9190828 \'bd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9190828 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 days after the time he would normally have ceased work on the 11th January , 1978. There is no evidence that he complained}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 chest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 pains on that day after he arrived home and nothing to indicate he had any heart attack during working hours. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par The Magistrate's judgment is very brief. He found as a fact that nothing the deceased did at work in any way caused or contributed to his death. He held also there was no accident in terms of section 5 of the act. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par Of five grounds of appeal raised by the appellant only one touches on the one issue relevant in this case and is of any substance. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par The fourth ground alleges the Magistrate erred in law and in fact in not giving sufficient consideration to the role of p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11998687 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 sical stress in heart attack cases. } {\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par Only one ground of appeal was necessary and that is that the Magistrate erred in law and in fact in dismissing the appellant's application. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par The employer is liable }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 if a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 workman receives "personal injury }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 by}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 accident arising out }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 of and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 course}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 of the employment". }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 The words qu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 oted and underlined for emphasi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 s are pa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 t of section 5 of the Workmen's Compensation Act. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 \par Mr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 J. K. Maharaj for the appellant has referred to a number }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid2193076 of cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 which establish that where a workman with heart disease dies at work due to a heart attack in circumstances indicating that the work contributed to the attack the death was due "to personal injury by accident". The House }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid2193076 of Lord's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 case }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Clover, Clayton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 &}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Co. Ltd., v. Hughes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 (1910) A.C. 242 is one such case where a work man suffering from serious aneurism was tightening a nut with a spanner when he collapsed and died from rupture of the aneurism. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid2193076 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Hughes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 case was followed by a later House of Lords case }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Partridge }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 J}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 ones }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 &}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 J}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 ohn Paton Ltd. v. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 J}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 ames }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 (1933) A.C. 501 which Mr M aharaj also referred to. The workman in that case suffered from disease of the coronary arteries and his state was such that he might have died at any time without any act of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 p}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 sical exertion. Within ten minutes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid2193076 of stopping}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 work he died suddenly. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid2193076 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076\charrsid2193076 Mr P. I. Knight for the Respondent is correct when }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193076 he points out that in all cases }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 quoted death occured in circumstances where the deceased workman was clearl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 working or must on the evidence be assumed to have been working when he had the hea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 t attack or there was evidence that strain of work caused the attacks. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 While the M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 gistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 judgment is brief it is clear that he found as a fact that nothing the deceased did at work in any way caused or contributed to his death. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 The deceased did not die at work}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 . He died }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid6125937 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6125937 \'bd }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s after he had last worked}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 He apparently had an attack during the night at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 home}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 shortly before he died }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 because}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 his daughter in evidence mentioned he was very sick at 3 a.m. on the Saturday he died. She heard of his death in hospital before 7 a.m. that day. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The onus was on the applicant to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 establish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 that the death }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 workman arose out of and in the course of his employment. The Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 's }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 finding of fact indicates that he did not consider }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 the applicant}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 dischar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ed that onus. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 of Appeal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 Whittle v. Ebbw Vale, Steel Iron, Coal Co. Ltd}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 . (1936) 2 All E.R. 1221 reviewed the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 aut}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 orities. That}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 a case where a workman with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 heart disease}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 was f} {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ound dead at work. There was in that case evi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ence that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 mployment contributed to t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 death of the workman. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 of Appeal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid807105 Whittles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 case distinguished the House }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 of Lords}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Case }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 Ba}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 rn}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 abas v. Bersham Co}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 ll}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 ery Co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 . (191}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6125937 0}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 4 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 B.W.C.C. 119 34 Digest 325, 2656. In that case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 a collie}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 r }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 died of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 apople xy during working hours in a mine. His arteries were in a very diseased condition and medical evidence was that apoplexy might have come upon him when asleep in bed or when walking about, or when overexer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 tin}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 g himself. It}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 was h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 ld}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 that the evidence as to cause }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 of death}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 was equally consistent with an accident and no accident and the onus }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 of proving}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 that it was due to accident rested on the applicants who had not discharged that onus. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 Slesser L.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 J. Whittles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 case in discussing the case of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 Falmouth Docks Enginee}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 ring Co. Ltd. v. Treloar}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 (1933) A.C. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 481 also a House of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 Lords}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 case, and the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid807105 Partridge}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid807105 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid807105 Jones}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 I ref erred to earlier, pointed out that in both those cases there was a finding that the man might have died at any time but, what is of more importance, that there was evidence that the work he was doing was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 of a}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 laborious nature and that it accelerated or produced the workman}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid9782265 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 s death. One man died ten minutes and the other 25 minutes after he last worked. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 In the instant case there is no evidence as to what specific work the workman was doing or any evidence that he suffered an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 attack}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ork. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 In referring to the lapse of time S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 esser L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 J. said at p. 1233: }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid13595750 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 "I think if there had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1451724 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 a much larger interval that might have weighed with the learned county court judge to say}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 The interval is so l}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 ong that I do }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 not think in those circumstances I am satisfied that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid807105 the strain caused the death."}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 He went on to say: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid13595750 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 "But there can be no general principle that a man dies immediately after he has received the strain; it is a question of fact to be decided on the evidence and the medical evidence." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 \par In the instance case the worker died about }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid10709098 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10709098 \'bd d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ays after he last worked. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 There is only one other case I wish to refer to. It is also a Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802534 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 ppeal case where a workman suffering from }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 heart disease}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 became seriously ill while at his work and died shortly afterwards. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 It is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 the case of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 Oates v. Earl Fitz-William }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9782265\charrsid3872150 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid3872150 s Collieries Co}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9711863\charrsid9782265 . (1939) 2 All E.R. 198. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9711863 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3872150 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 The editorial note to this case states: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid13595750 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 "The Co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 ur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 t of Appeal here reiterate that the proof of extra exertion or strain is not essential for recovery of compensation but }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 there must be evidence }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 of physiological}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 injury or change due to the work upon which the work}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 man}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 was engaged at or about the moment }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 of his}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 death" (emphasis is mine). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3872150 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 Considerin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 g }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 e vidence in this case, the Magistrate was clearly right in dismissing the application. Clauson L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802534 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 J. in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 Oates' }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 case at p. 503 said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1783592 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid10047707 "In}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 Miller}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 v. Carntyne}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11802534 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 Steel Castings Co. Ltd. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 (1935)SC20) the workman would have succeeded }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 if he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 had collapsed during his work under the strain of his work ...." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3872150 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 So in the instant case the applicant would have succeeded if there had been any evidence of a heart attack during working hours and death followed shortly thereafter. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 The appeal is dismissed with costs to the respondent. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10047707\charrsid3872150 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9782265 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 Appeal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid4617182 dismissed}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid3872150 . }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3872150\charrsid9782265 \par }}