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\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listname ;}\listid253635242}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid253635242\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp
\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid1653613\rsid3411027\rsid4283280\rsid5272442\rsid5907699\rsid6753073
\rsid6782627\rsid6902603\rsid7037046\rsid7480664\rsid9243183\rsid9851344\rsid10030564\rsid10885137\rsid11141488\rsid11812142\rsid11927943\rsid12013807\rsid12329407\rsid12536595\rsid13397785\rsid13725586\rsid13895404\rsid14369833\rsid15619767\rsid15876469
\rsid16010389}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Lee-Vesikula}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2012\mo3\dy11\hr15\min36}
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\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11141488 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10885137 [1983] 29 FLR 65}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6902603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid14369833 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603\charrsid5272442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid5272442 Criminal Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603\charrsid7480664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 PARSHU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9851344  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 RAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603\charrsid7480664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10885137 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603\charrsid7480664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 REGINAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11141488 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Gould, V.P., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6902603 Speight, J.A., Quilliam, J.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6902603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603 23 March 1983}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 (Criminal Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 
Assaulting "Police Officer" in due execution of duty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 did not include Special Constable) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 V. Kalyan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  for Appellant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3411027 D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14369833  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3411027 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14369833  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 Fatiaki and G. E. Leung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  for Respondent }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 a judgement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 of the Supreme Court which had allowed an appeal against a decision of the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
s Court which had acquitted the appellant of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 a charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 of assaulting a Police Officer (namely Special Constable No. 144 Mohammed Jan) in the due execution of his duty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The charge had been laid under s.247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10885137 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) of the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 enal Code Cap. 17 which read:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14369833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 "Any person who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14369833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14369833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10885137 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) Assaults ... any police officer in the due execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  duty ... is guilty of a misdemeanour ..." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 It was acknowledged that Mohammed Jan was a duly appointed Special Constable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 nly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
a Special Constable was a "Police Officer"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10885137 within the meaning of s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10885137 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) (supra). If not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  the charge was not able to be sustained. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 There was a definition of the expression "Police Officer" in the Interpretation Act (Cap. 7)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 the Act) s.2 viz that it shou
ld bear the meaning assigned to it by the Police Act (Cap. 85). The contention for the appellant was that Special Constables were to be treated in the Police Act as entirely distinct from the members of the Royal Fiji Police Force and did not therefore co
me within the expression "Police Officer". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The Court traced the steps which led to its decision. It considered it was fundamental that full weight must be given to the Act; that Act itself and every other written }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 law should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  have the meanings assigned to them in s.2.; with the qualification that those meanings were }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 not to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 there was something in the subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 matter or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  context inconsistent therewith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10885137 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 the other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 "written law" otherwise expressly provides. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  word "otherwise" must include}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 the Act itself in which there was an express provision. The Act provided a dictionary for expressions contained in s.2 wherever appearing, so long as not in conflict with the (above) qualifications. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 That principle recognized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 then one was taken directly to the Police Act the Act having specified that the ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
ression "Police Officer" was to have the meaning assigned to it by the Police Act. Nothing in the Penal Code or Police A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 pr}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 vided th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 "police officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 " had a meaning otherwi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 e than as specified in the Act-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
Was there then something in the context or subject matter inconsistent with the construction given in the Act? 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Reference was then made to s.3 of the Police Act: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
There shall continue to be established in Fiji a Police Force to be called the Royal Fiji Police Force." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 And to Part VIII referring to Special Constabulary. The Court concluded the expression "Police Officer" as is used in s.247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Penal Code cannot be made to apply to a Special Constable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The effect of the reasoning was that a "Special Constable" was not a Police Officer within the meaning of the Penal Code s. 247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Appeal allowed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Decision of the Magistrate restored. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ase refe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 rr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ed to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 Parshu Ram v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid3411027 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 (1967) 13 FLR 138. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 QUILL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 AM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3411027 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Judge of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11141488 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid6902603 Judgement of the Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 This is an appeal on a point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  law only. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The appellant was charged in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 s Court that on the 20th February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  1982}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  at Lautoka he assaulted Special Constable No. 144 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 Mohammed Jan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  in the due execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 duty. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  charge was laid }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 nder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 S.247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11141488 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Penal Code. Cap. 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12536595 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 which makes it an offence for any person to assault a police officer in the due }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 execution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 of his duty. It was acknowledged that Mohammed Jan was a duly appointed Special Constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 but the Magistrate held that he was not a police officer and so the charge failed and the appellant was acquitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The Director }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of Public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 Prosecutions thereupon appealed to the Supreme Court. The appeal was allowed and there was a direction that the trial continue before the Magistrate. The appellant now appeals from that decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Section 247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12536595\charrsid12536595 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
) of the Penal Code provides:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6782627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 "Any person who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7037046 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12536595\charrsid12536595 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) Assaults ... any police officer in the due execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  duty ... }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7037046 is guilty of a misdemeanour ..."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The difficulty arises }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  the absence from the Penal Code }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of any}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  definition of the expression "police officer". There is a definition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  expression in s.2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488\charrsid10030564 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Interpretation Act,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Cap.7, namely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 shall bear the meaning assigned to it by the Police Act, Cap. 85. Section 2 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
the Police Act defines "police officer" as meaning "any member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Force", and that section define}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  "Force" as meaning the Royal Fiji Police Force. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 argument advanced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 by Mr Kalyan on behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  appellant, and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 which had found favour with the Magistrate, was that those provisions we have set out meant the matter was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 be resolved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  by 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Act, and in particular that upon the proper construction of that Act a special constable cannot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 be regarded as a member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Royal Fiji Police Force. The contention was that special constables are treated in the Police Act as entirely distinct from the members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Royal Fiji Police Force and do not therefore come within the expression "police officer". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The argument offered by Mr Fatiaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 e r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
espondent, adopting the reasoning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  learned Judge in the Supreme Court,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 was that there is no express statutory provision defining police officer for present purposes, and tha
t accordingly it was necessary to turn to the provisions of the English law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12329407 That argument was based upon s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
3 of the Penal Code, Cap. 7, which provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
"3. This Code shall be interpreted in accordance with the principles of legal interpretation obtaining in England, and e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 x}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
pressions used in it shall be presumed, so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  far as is consistent with thei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 r context, and, e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 xc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ept as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 may be}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 otherwise expressly provided, to be used with the meaning attaching to them in English }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 rim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
nal law and shall be construed in accordance therewith" 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 It was Mr Fatiaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
s contention that the effect of that section was to mean that neither the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 Interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 Act nor the Police Act could have any bearing on the meanings to be attributed to expressions used in the Penal Code, and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  the Court should give to such e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 xpressions the meanings attachi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
ng to them in the English criminal law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 If that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 was so, then it was said that it became apparent the expressions "police officer", "police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
", "constable" and "special constable" were no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  terms of art but were each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 synonymous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  with the other. Mr Fatiaki developed his argument under a number of heads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi3\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
1. The first was based upon the long title to the Police Act. namely: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11927943 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 "An Act to make }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 better provision for the organization, discipline, powers and duties of the police force and for matters incidental thereto." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 It was said that it was apparent the Police Act envisaged a Police Force comprised both of regular or permanent constabulary, kn
own as "the Force" (and given the name of the Royal Fiji Police Force), and also another body called the Special Constabulary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi3\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 2. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  second head was b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ased upon s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Penal Code which we have already set out. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  argued that the Penal Code is, as the name suggests, a code and that it should be interpreted only in the light of its own terms. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 
ccordingly the injunction in S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 to apply the meaning used in the English criminal law must be obeyed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi3\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 As an extension }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  second ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ument it was contended that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  wro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ng }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 in principle to use a subsequent Act for the purpose of interpreting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 an earlier Act. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
\par We have given careful consideration to these submissions but we find ourselves unable to accept them. We consider they overlook the general scheme of the Fiji Statute law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 It was sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  in effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to brush aside the provisions of the Interpretation Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 Not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  only do we feel unable to do that we regard it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
s fundamental to the approach which must be made to the interpre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 tion of statutes in this c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 oun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 try to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
ive full weight to that Act. What it says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12329407  in S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 2 in the clearest }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564  terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  is that in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
e Interpretation Act itself and in "every other written law" the words and expressions set out shall have the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12329407 meanings assigned to them in S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 2, and mor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
this shall be so whether the other written law was enacted before or after the Interpretation Act. There is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  however}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  a qualification. Those meanings are not to apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
there is something in the subject or context inconsistent with such construction, or if the other written law in question otherwise expressly provides. This is a statutory provision of wide a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 nd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 verriding application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 If we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  are to adopt the argument advanced to us by Mr Fat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 iaki}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  then we must accept that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 notwithstanding the clear words of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
2, there may yet be "other written laws" to which S.2 should not apply. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 t is true that S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Penal Code uses somewhat similar language to S.2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Interpretation Act when it provides that expressions in the Code are presumed to have the meanings attached to them by the English criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 "so far as is consistent with their context}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  and, except as may be otherwise expressly provided." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 If the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183  reference in S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 to 
"otherwise expressly provided" is to be regarded as relating only to the Penal Code itself then it may well be that one is directed to the English criminal law. We do not accept however, that this is so. We consider that "otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  is a word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of wide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  application and must include the Interpretation Act in which, of course, there is an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 express provision. Moreover, S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 is not in such wide terms as S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Interpretation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 and there is nothing in it which suggests it was intended to be an exception to that Act. We are satisfied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Interpretation Act was intended to apply to all other statutes and that it provides a dictionary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 for expressions contained in S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 2 wherever those expressions may appear and so long only as the definitions given to them do not conflict with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 either}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  qualifications referred to. An in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9243183 dication of the way in which S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 3 of the Penal Code is to be applied is to be found in the decision of this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid4283280 Parshu Ram v. Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6902603  (1967) 13 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  138. That was a case involving a charge o
f attempting to conspire. The facts are of no relevance for present purposes but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 in the majority judgment of the Court, there is reference to the fact that the word "conspire" is not defined in the Code. The Court therefore applied the principles containe
d in the English criminal law. It is to be observed that there was no definition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of "conspire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
" in the Interpretation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  and so the situation which arises in the present case did not arise there. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Once the basic principle is recognized t
hen one is taken directly to the Police Act, because the Interpretation Act specifies that the expression "police officer" is to have the meaning assigned to it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 y that Act. There is nothing in the Penal Code or the Police Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
hich expressly provides that the expression "police officer" shall have a meaning otherwise than as specified in the Interpretation Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 It accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  becomes a question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of considering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 whether there is something in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  matter or context which is inconsistent with the constru
ction given in the Interpretation Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 It i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  necessary no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15619767 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to consider the scheme and effect of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 he Police Act. S. 3 provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid11812142 
"There shall continue to be established in Fiji a Police Force to be called the Royal Fiji Police Force."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid11812142 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The reference to continuation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243183  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
implies that there is an earlier provision, and it is to be found in the Police Ordinance No. 24 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 193}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
9, S. 3 of which provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
"There is hereby established in the Colony a Police Force to be called the Fiji Police Force"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15619767 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Ac
t has simply perpetuated the same Force but given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 it the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  new name of the Royal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 iji Police Force. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Section 2 of the Police Act defines "Force" as meaning the Royal Fiji Police Force, and S. 4 provides that the Force shall consist of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11812142 "s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 uch ranks as may be 
prescribed." Those ranks are prescribed in the subsidiary legislation under the three general categories of Gazetted Officers, Inspectorate Officers and Subordinate Officers. Section 4 is of some significance for present purposes because, if it had been i
ntended to include special constables as members of the force, as is basic to the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10030564\charrsid10030564 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
s argument, then one might expect to have found some indication }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  in that section. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 T
he Special Constabulary are established and provided for in Part VIII of the Police Act. Section 53 places the Special Constabulary under the command of the Commissioner of Police and provides that its members shall be known as special constables and shal
l have such ranks as may be assigned to them by the Commissioner. The use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 term "special constable" throughout Part VIII as distinct from the term "constable", which is one of the prescribed ranks of Subordinate Officers, is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  significance. Sections 54 and 55 of the Police Act are of particular relevance for present purposes: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
"54. Special constables may be employed with the Force wherever it is necessary to augment the Force for the preservation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  public peace and the prevention and detection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
, and may be paid from public funds at such rates as may be prescribed. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
55. (1) Every special constable while on duty shall have the same powers, privileges, including the carrying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of arms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 , and protection, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13895404 and shall be liable to perform }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 th
e same duties as a police officer. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15619767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
(2) Every special constable shall be subordinate to the same authorities as a police officer and to special constables of superior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13895404 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ank to himself." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The scheme }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 Act is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  we think}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to draw a clear distinction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 Royal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Fiji Police Force and the Special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 Constabulary}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 . It has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  found convenient to apply to special }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 constables}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  while on duty certain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  Act which relate to members of the Force}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  but throughout the Act the distinction is carefully preserved. While}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  for instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  a special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  when on duty is given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  S. 55(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  the same powers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  privileges and protection as a police officer}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  and is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 liable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to perform the same duties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  he is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to the same restrictions. Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13895404 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 prohi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13895404 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
its a police officer from engaging in any other employment or taking part in political activities. It is not surprising that the special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 constable,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  whose employment as such is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  its nature part-time only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  is not made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to a similar restriction. Section 17(2) provides that every police officer shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
e deemed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 e on duty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  times}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  and this again cannot sensi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ly appl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  to a special }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 . Without setting them out in detail there are various other provisions in the Act which draw similar distinctions. 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 observe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 in particular that a special constabulary was first established in the Police Ordinance No. 24 of 1939, but went out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of existence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  in 1955 when the Police Ordinance No. 5 of 1955 (Cap. 55) did not repeat the provisions which relat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
d to it. Those provisions were then revived by the Police (Amendment) Ordinance No. 35 of 1957 and so the special constabulary was re-established. This sequence lends force to the view we have formed that the special constabulary was always intended to be
 something different from the regular or permanent force. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 It follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  from what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  have said the expression "police officer" as it is used in S. 247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13895404\charrsid13895404 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 Penal Code cannot be made to apply to a special constable. We should, perhaps, obse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 rv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 , w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ithout necessarily deciding the matter, that a charge may well have been laid in the present cause under S. 247(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid4283280 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927943 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
 Penal Code which makes it an offence to assault any person "on account }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 of any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  act done by him in the executio
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564  of any duty imposed on him by law." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 
It must be acknowledged that the decision to which we have come results in some anomalies, but that is not a reason for adopting a construction which cannot otherwise be sustained. It may, of course, be a reason which could prompt the legislature t
o consider amendments to the law, but that is not a matter for this Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 Having regard to the decision we have reached it is unnecessary for us to traverse the careful and detailed submissions made to us by Mr Fatiaki. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid10030564 The appeal is allowed and the decision of the Magistrate is restored. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16010389 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4283280\charrsid10030564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid4283280 Appeal allowed. Conviction set aside. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16010389\charrsid7480664 
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