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\dghorigin1080\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale140\rsidroot12002844 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2760247\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 [1981] 27 FLR 91}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11892420\charrsid2760247  OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 Civil Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 JAI CHAND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid487000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 SHEILA MAHARAJ
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Rooney J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2760247 
\par 
\par 26 August 1983}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8011242\charrsid2760247 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8011242\charrsid2760247 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Kalyan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  for Plaintiff 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 A. Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  for Defendant 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Conduct encouraging woman with children to live with a man treating them as his family may provide a licence to remain in his house or estop him from o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 taining an order for ejectment. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Application for possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of dwelling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house being sublease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of Lots}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 24and 25 on D.P. 4107 situated at Samabula against the defendant and her elder children as second defendants. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The facts undisputed or found by the Court included that plaintiff was the legal tenant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 the Housing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 (the Authority) under the registered sublease which was for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2904264\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 a term of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2904264\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 94 years commencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 on 21 November 1973 but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 executed on 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2904264\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
July 1978 and registered on 19 September 1978. The plaintiff as the registered owner of the sublease was entitled in law to the possession of the demised premises. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant contended that she and her children had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  to remain in possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house for the rest }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  lives by reason that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 plaintiff had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  granted to her an irrevocable licence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011242\charrsid2760247 ;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  that by reas
on of the conduct of the plaintiff he was estopped in equity from asserting and enforcing his legal right as owner against her asserting and that this court should intervene and prevent the plaintiff from obtaining possession because it would have been in
equitable to permit him to do so. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Facts which the court found included the following: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053882 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In or about 1967 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 plaintiff was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  employed as a Foreman in a small factor
y at 73 Suva Street. The defendant joined the firm in 1968. She and the plaintiff became lovers and their association had continued until October 1980}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 , during}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  which period their relationship was stable and had the appearance of permanence. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant became the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  wife of the plaintiff and a child was born to them on 29 April 1970. In the early period of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 relationship the parties lived at her brother}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s house at Samabula. In 1973 the defendant moved to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 fl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 at at Navua. Although plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 enied that he lived there with her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
on a permanent basis, but the court accepted that the parties lived there as man and wife until they moved to the new house in Kinoya. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Although plaintiff denied that he lived there with her on a permanent basis, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 but the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  court accepted that the parties lived there as man and wife until they moved to the new house in Kinoya. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The plaintiff showed an apparent anxiety to play down the nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  with the defendant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s earnings in employment were modest. She said she gave her wages to the plaintiff for household expenses. The plaintiff told her that he was paying for the new house instalments. She was unaware }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  loan arrangements made by the plaintiff in connection with the house. For a time the couple maintained a joint account in the A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
N.Z. Bank Suva. The plaintiff denied that defendant gave him her wages but did admit that sometimes she contributed to the family expenses. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The court was satisfied that the defendant as a working housewife, used her earnings for the support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
the family as a whole and the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
financed the purchase of the land and construction of the house from his own savings and money borrowed from his employers. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 On 29 October 1973 the plaintiff submitted a tender to th
e Authority for various lots available under a scheme called the Kinoya Stage Housing Authority 7 Plan B. In the tender he gave his wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s name as Sheila Maharaj and his residential address as Samabula 3 miles. The tender contained the following declarations: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 "I hereby declare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 that I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  am married and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 that I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 or my}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 wife own no other house or land or share or interest in a household land within ....... Fiji ........." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It is not in dispute that the Housing Authority plan provided for the allocation of the lan
d for which tenders were required to married couples only. The plaintiff as a single man (his legal status) could not have obtained a sublease; his tender would not have been considered by the authorities if he disclosed he was not married. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The tender was accepted. The plaintiff completed a formal application for land in which the defendant was named as wife }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  applicant, the couple again being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 escribed as married with 2 children. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Though it was not so found, the impression }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  learned trial judg
e was that the names of both the plaintiff and defendant were signed by the same person. Apart from a letter of 14 November 1973 addressed by the Authority to the plaintiff and defendant jointly all further business relating to the land and the constructi
on of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 house was carried on by the plaintiff. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Evidence supported that the policy of the Authority had been that the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s wishes in regard to whose name a lease was to be granted would be acceeded to by the Authority. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s evidence in relation to the acquisition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 of house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 was consistent with the above facts. She said that the plaintiff told her that the property would be for both of them and she believed him. When she moved to the new house with the plaintiff she did so bec
ause their relationship was permanent and she expected to remain with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 plaintiff for the rest her life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In October 1980 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 left the house whilst the defendant and her children had continued to remain in occupation. The plaintiff denied ever telling the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053882\charrsid2760247 
defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  that the house would belong to her as well but did tell the Authority that the defendant was his wife. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Evidence disclosed that he said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 "I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 knew that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  I would not get the property as a single person. I put the application in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 that way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  in both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 our names}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 but I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  applied for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 myself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 as they were not interested to stay with me." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In 1981 plaintiff married again, had a child and lived with his parents. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 There was no doubt, as the court found that when the plaintiff obtained the lot and later set }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
about constructing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  a house he told the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
was building it for what was in fact for his family at that time; in that defendant was under the impression plaintiff was providing home for her and her children. As she was uneducated, she took no steps to protect her interest. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 : The defendant as a mistress did not enjoy the same rights as if she were a wife. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 As the defendant made no contribution either to the purchase price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  land or to the cost of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 constructing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 the house no resulting trust could arise in her favour as happened in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Hussey v. Palmer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  (1972) 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  744. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par Her possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  in this case depended upon whether it could be said that the conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 plaintiff was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 such that he was estopped from turning the defendant out of the house. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 By his conduct the plaintiff gave the defendant reason to believe that she and her children had a licence to remain in the house as lo
ng as they wished to do so; it was not possible to say on the evidence that in so remaining she did not act to her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 detriment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Defendant was seeking no relief in the proceedings; all that the court was concerned with was whether it was just and inequitable to give possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house to the plaintiff. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It would have been inequitable for the plaintiff to take possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 A mere licence to retain in possession, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 if she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  had one, did not create any estate or interest in the property to which it related. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The arrangements, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 if they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  could be so described, did not constitute a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 dealing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  in the land within the meaning of section 12 of the Native Land Trust Act. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Cases referred to: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 Burns v Burns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 [1984] 1 All ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8682780\charrsid2760247 244}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Pascoe v Tu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 er}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 [1979] 1 WLR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 43l 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Hussey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Palmer}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid10900447\charrsid2760247 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid14615935\charrsid2760247 1972}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid10900447\charrsid2760247 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid14615935\charrsid2760247  3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 All ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12596624\charrsid2760247 744}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14224311\charrsid2760247 C.F. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Greasley }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14224311\charrsid2760247 
& Ors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 v Cooke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 [1980] 1 WLR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 1306
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 [1963] 1 WLR 677}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 [1963] 3 All ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8682780\charrsid2760247 552}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14224311\charrsid2760247 C.E.G. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Wells v Kingston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14224311\charrsid2760247 -Upon-Hull }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 (1875) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid2951480\charrsid2760247 LR 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid11546238\charrsid2760247 CP }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 402 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ROONEY, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6907214 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Judgment
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 plaintiff is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 the registered proprietor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  sublease in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of lots}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  24 and 25 on D.P. 4107 situated at Samabula.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 n 1978 he erected a dwelling house on the land. As soon as the house was completed the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 went to live there with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  and her children, the youngest of whom, born on the 29th April 1970, was fathered by the plaintiff. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The elder children }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  defendant were joined in this action as "second defendants". An appearance was entered on their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 behalf on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  29th October, 1981 by Messrs Govind & Company, Solicitors, Suva. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It would appear that the younger }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  two second defendants was born about
 1967. The elder boy is a little older but it was conceded by counsel for both parties that when these proceedings were commenced in October 1981 he was a minor and he may still be under a disability. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 0 Rule 2 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Rules }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Supreme }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 Court provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 under a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 disability may not bring any proceedings except by his next friend and may not appear in any proceedings except by his guardian ad litem. Notwithstanding this rule, no guardian ad litem was appointed either on the institution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  action or at the time that apearance was entered by the "second defendants". No action was taken by either }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 party to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  repair this defect in the proceedings and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 matter was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  continued and conducted as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  "second defendants" were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 age or that Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
80 did not exist. The responsibility for this irregularity rests with the solicitors on both sides. All that I can do at this late stage is to make an order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 striking out the "second defendants" from the action and set aside the notice of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 appearance to the extent that it purports to be filed on their behalf. No costs may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 be allowed to either party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
which arise directly or indirectly from the omission to observe Order 80 and the solicitors concerned remain liable to pay the wasted costs personally. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The plaintiff is the legal tenant of the Housing Authority under the registered sublease which is for a term of over 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 4 years commencing on the 21st }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 November, 1973. The sublease was executed on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13849706\charrsid2760247 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 8th July, 1978 and registered on the 19th September following. As the registered owner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  sublease the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 plaintiff is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  entitled in law to the possession of the demised premises. However, it is contended by the defendant that she and her children have a ri
ght to remain in possession of the house for the rest of their lives by reason that the plaintiff has granted to her an irrevocable licence. In substance the defence to the claim to possession it that by reason of the conduct of the plaintiff he is estopp
ed in equity from asserting and enforcing his legal right as owner against her and that this Court should intervene and prevent the plaintiff from obtaining possession because it would be inequitable to permit him to do so. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It is first necessary 
to determine the facts by reference to the evidence. The defendant is not educated and she had difficulty with dates and some details. For instance, she said she became a friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 plaintiff in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  1964
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13849706\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13849706\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13849706\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
this I believe her to be honestly mistaken. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In 1967 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
itendra Amin (P.W.2) established a small factory at 73 Suva Street in the name }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 Footwear Manufacturing Company. He employed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 plaintiff as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 a foreman and the defendant joined the firm in 1968. Whether or not she was previously married in not materia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13849706\charrsid2760247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 although she had two children. She and the plaintiff became lovers and their association was to continue until October 1980. There can be no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 doubt that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  for a period of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13401716\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the relationship between the parties was stable and had the appearance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of permanence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . The defendant became the de facto wife of the plaintiff and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  as already mentioned, a child was born to the couple in 1970. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 According to the defendant, in the early period }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  relationship they lived at her brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s house at Sam
abula. In 1973 the defendant moved to a flat at Nabua. Although the plaintiff denied that he lived with her there on a permanent basis, a witness fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the defendant, Mrs Anne Wise (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
.W.2), said that she was a neighbour and knew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 the family well. She said tha
t the parties lived there as man a wife until they moved to the new house in Kinoya. The plaintiff in his evidence maintained that until they moved to the new house in 1978 he was only a visitor to the house of the defendant. His apparent anxiety to play 
down the nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 association with the defendant was not convincing. He was in my opinion tailoring his evidence to suit his appreciation of the present case. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s earnings while in employment were modest. She said that she gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 her wages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 plaintiff for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  household expenses. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
plaintiff told}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  her that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
e was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 paying for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the new house in instalments. She said that she was unaware }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 loan arrangements made by the plaintiff in connection with the house. For a time the couple maintained a joint account in the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13401716\charrsid2760247 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 N.Z. Bank, Suva. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The plaintiff denied that the defendant gave him her wages, but, he did admit that sometime she contributed to the family expenses. I am satisfied that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
, as a working housewife, used her earnings for the support of the family as a whole. I accept that the plaintiff as the breadwinner financed the purchase of the land and the construction of the hous
e from his own savings and from money borrowed from his employers. The defendant left to her own resources could not have achieved this result. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 On the 29th October, 1973 the plaintiff submitted a tender to the Housing Authority for various intermediate l
ots available under a scheme called the Kinoya Stage Housing Authority 7 Plan B. In the tender he gave his wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s name as Sheila Maharaj and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 residential address as Samabula 3 miles. The tender contained the following declarations "I hereby declare that
 I am married and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 t I or my wife own no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 other house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 or land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  share }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 or interest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  in a house or land within the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 dominion}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  of Fiji ...... ". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 not in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  dispute that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 Housing Authority}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  plan provided for the allocation of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 e land for which tenders were required to married couples}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
only. The plaintiff as a s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
gle man (which was his legal status) could not have obtained a sublease and his tender would not have been considered by the Housing Authority had he disclosed that he was not married to the defendant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par When the te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 nder was accepted, the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 completed a formal application for land in which the defendant was named as one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  applicants. The couple were again described as married with two children aged 3 and 6 years. Above the place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 for the signature of the applicant on the document Ex. 1 appear both the names }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ai Chand and Sheila Wati and my impression is that the same person signed both signatures. But in this I may be incorrect. Apart from a letter dated the 14th November, 1973 (Ex. 4) ad
dressed by the Housing Authority to the plaintiff and defendant jointly, all further business relating to the land and the construction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house was carried on between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 Housing Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 plaintiff alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . According to Mr Rabuka (D.W.1), who is 
the present legal adviser to the Housing Authority, the policy is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 that an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s wishes in regard to whose name the lease is to be granted would be acceded to by the Housing Authority in normal circumstances. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant said in evidence that in 1973 she and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 e plaintiff decided to acquire a house of their own. She signed one document in connection with the application for the land. She said that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 plaintiff told}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  her that the property would be for both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 m and she believed him when he said so. When she moved to the new house with the plaintiff, she did so because their relationship was permanent and she expected to remain with the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 plaintiff for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the rest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
of her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  life. As it turned out, in October 1980 the plaintiff left the house while the defendant and her children remained in occupation until this day. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant agreed that she made no payments to the Housing Authority. She remembered going with the plaintiff to the Housing Authority Offices in Victoria Parade where she si
gned a form. In his evidence, the plaintiff denied that he ever took the defendant to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 Housing Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . He does not know anything about the signature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 defendant on Ex. 1. He went so far as to suggest that the defendant might have put }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 her signature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 on this document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
"behind his back". He further denied ever telling the defendant the house would belong to her as well. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 He agreed that he did tell the Housing Authority that Sheila Maharaj was his wife. He also told them about the two children. He said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant was married to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 someone else}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . It}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 just}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 because I was on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
visiting terms with her that I gave these details on the form. As she was married I could not marry her myself. I knew that I would not get the property as a single person. I put
 the application in that way in both our names but I applied for myself as they were not interested to stay with me. When I lodged the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the defendant was not interested in staying with me but if she wanted to stay she could do so at the time." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In answer to further questions the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 plaintiff denied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  that he intended to trick the defendant. He did, however, make the following statement: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 "When I got the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 property I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  got it for myself and the defendant, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
talked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  on that line. When I obtained the lease I did not leave a part for the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 If she}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  wanted she could have stayed. She was there with my consent." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 And further 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 "I do not know that they can stay there for the rest }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ir lives. In 1979 I told the defendant to stay there. No time limit was made by me." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It appears that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666015\charrsid2760247 plaintiff's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  parents objected to his association with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
. In 1981 he married and has a child. He now lives with his parents. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 It is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  obvious that his desire to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 recover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 house is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  linked to hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 new responsibilities. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 I have no doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 hat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 when the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 obtained the land and later set about constructing a house he told the defendant that he was building it for what was in fact his family at that time. It is possibl
e that he was entirely sincere in this purpose. I have no reason to disbelieve the defendant when she said that she was under the impression the plaintiff was providing a home for her and her children. As she is uneducated, she took no steps to protect he
r interest. Whether or not the Housing Authority would have granted the sublease if they had known }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  true relationship between the parties, I do not know. The fact remains that the plaintiff obtained the sublease with the support }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  defendant and on the premise that they and two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s children constituted a family unit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 eligible to receive an allocation of land. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 mistress}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  does not enjoy the same rights as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 if she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 were a wife. This has been reaffirmed by the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7605651\charrsid2760247 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ppeal in England in the recent case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Burns v. Burns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  [}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7605651\charrsid2760247 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 984] 1 All E.R 244}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666015\charrsid2760247 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 A woman who had lived with a man for 19 years and who claimed a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 share in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the house owned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 by him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 not successful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . Lord Justice Fox expressed the opinion that the unfairness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  result was not a matter which the Courts could control. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  a matter for Parliament. The judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of Lord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Justice May is reported as follows: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
"As Parliament had not legislated for the unmarried couple as it had for those who had, the courts should be slow to attempt to legislate themselves. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid487000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 It followed that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 disputes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  between unmarried c
ouples who had broken up, the courts did not have a general power to do what they thought was fair and reasonable in all the circumstances, as they had under the appropriate provisions of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid487000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 His Lordship thought that the dictum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Lord Denning in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Hall v. Hall}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  that the woman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s contribution to the family well-being by keeping the house and looking after the children could be taken into account in assessing the extent to which a resulting trust had arisen in her favour, was wrong." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Hall v. Hall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  is reported in 1981 3 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  (Family Law Reports) 379, 381). 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par As the defend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ant made no contribution either to the purchase price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  land or to the cost }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of constructing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 the house no resulting trust in her favour can arise as was the case in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Hussey v. Palmer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  (1972) 3 All ER}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  744. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The decision in this case mus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  depend upon whether it can be said that the conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  plaintiff was such that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
he is now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 estoppe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  from turning the defendant out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Pascoe v. Turner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  (1979) 1 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  431 the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7605651\charrsid2760247 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ppeal in England refused to give possession to its legal owner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house occupied by his former mistress because the plaintiff had encouraged her to believe that th
e property had belonged to her and acquiesced in the defendant improving the house in that belief. The Court went further to hold that the minimum equity to do justice to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  was to compel the plaintiff to give effect to his promise by ordering him to execute a conveyance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  property to the defendant. In the present case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  has brought no counterclaim and for reasons which will be mentioned later in this judgment it is unlikely that such a claim would be entertained by the Court. 
\par 
\par A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 more pertinent case is that of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Greasley & Ors. v. Cooke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  (1980) 1 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 1306 which was also heard by the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid69442\charrsid2760247 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 ppeal. In his judgment Lord Denning deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 with the onus of proof and the requirements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  must exist before equitable estoppe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  applies. He said at page 1311: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16065406 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The second point is about the need for some expenditure of money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 some detriment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 before a person can acquire any interest in a house or any right to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 stay in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  it as long as he wishes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 It so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  happens that in many }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 se cases of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 proprietary estoppe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 there has been expenditure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 of money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . But that is not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  I see that in Snell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 s Principles }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 of Equity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 , 27th ed. (1973), p. 565 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 it is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  said: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
A must have incurred expenditure or otherwise have prejudiced himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  But I do n
ot think that that is necessary. It is sufficient if the party, to whom the assurance is given, acts on the faith of it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
in such circumstances that it would be unjust and inequitable for the party making the assurance to go back on it: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Moorgate Mercantile Co. Ltd. v. Twitchings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247 976] QB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  225 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Crabb v. Arun District Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 1976] Ch. 179,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 188. Applying those principles here it can be seen that the assurances given by Kenneth and Hedley to Doris Cooke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
leading her to believe that she would be allowed to stay in the house as long as she wished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 raised an equity in her favour. There was no need for her to prove that she acted on the faith }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 of those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  assurances. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 is to be presumed that she did so. There is no need for her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 to prove that she acted to her detriment or to her prejudice. Suffice it that she stayed on the house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036356\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 looking after Kenneth and Clarice}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 when otherwise she might have left and got a job elsewhere. The equity having thus been raised in her favour, it is for the courts of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
equity to decide in what way that equity should be satisfied. In this case it should be by allowing her to stay on in the house as long as she wishes." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12002844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 In the present instance the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 plaintiff would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  not have obtained the land at all were it not for his association with the defendant and his representation that she was his wife. By his conduct the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 plaintiff gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  the defendant reason to believe that she and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
her children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  had a licence to remain in the house as long as they wished to do so and it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
not possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  to say on the evidence that in so remaining she did not act to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 detriment. Her present situation, in which she stands in peril }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 of being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  put out on the street might never have come about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 plaintiff had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  made it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 the relevant time that she could never have any expectation of a permanent home with him. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The land covered by the sublease is on land which is vested in the Native Land Trust Board. It has been submitted by the plaintiff that in view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  12 of the Native Land Trust Act the defendant cannot acquire any interest in the house without the consent }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Board. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 It is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  further contended that in terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  section any sale or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without the consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  Board shall be null and void. I have been referred in this connection to the decision of the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Chalmers v. Pardoe }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247 (1963) 1 WLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  677. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The defendant is seeking no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 relief in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  these proceedings and all that the Court is concerned with is whether it is just and equitable to give possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house to the plaintiff. This Court is prepared to prevent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 plaintiff from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  taking possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 believes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  that it would be in
equitable for him to do so and it is prepared to protect the defendant against the plaintiff. In the result it may perhaps be said that the defendant has licence to remain in possession. A mere licence does not create any estate or interest in the propert
y to which it relates; it only makes an act lawful which without it would be unlawful. (See for instance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Wells }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 . Kingston-Upon-Hull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880886\charrsid2760247 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247 75) 10 LR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  CP 402 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880886\charrsid2760247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 409). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 take the view that such a licence does not constitute an alienation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  house and is not prohibited by the Statute. I a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 m }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 also }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6907214\charrsid2760247 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  opinion that it cannot be said that the arrangements, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 if such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  they can be described, between the parties constituted a dealing in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880886\charrsid2760247 la}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 nd. No agreement was entered into between them. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 The Court acts in this ma
tter as between the plaintiff and the defendant to keep the one out and the other in possession. It does not by so doing confer upon the defendant any rights greater than those which she had at the time she first went to live with the plaintiff in the hou
se. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 If her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  residence wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880886\charrsid2760247 
s not unlawful then it is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 unlawful now. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 plaintiff's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  departure has not changed the situation. The equity granted to the defendant is valid against the plaintiff, his heirs and assigns alone. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 By reason of the above I dismiss this action with costs to the defendant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 Judgment f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
 the defendant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 [Editor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002844\charrsid2760247 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247 
s Note: The plaintiff successfully appealed to the Court of Appeal in March 1984. The respondent then appealed to the Privy Council which set aside the decision of the Court of Appeal. The Judgment of the Privy Council is reported at [1986}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760247  AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  898}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2889104\charrsid2760247 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2511020\charrsid2760247  
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