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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid6554539 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 PETER BATEY
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 (COURT OF APPEAL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 GOULD. V.P., Henry, J.A., Spring}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 , J.A.)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 Criminal Jurisdiction
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\par Date of Hearing: 2 March 1982
\par Delivery of Judgment: 19 March 1982
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 Criminal Law - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 Exchange Control}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 Direction by Minister to furnish information}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 
whether unconstitutional or ultra vires.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid6554539 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 H.K. Nagin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122  for the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 A.H.C.T. Gates }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 for the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 B.C. Patel }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 for the Respondent
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 Appeal from the Supreme Court of Fiji in its appellate jurisdiction against a conviction in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 s Court in Nadi on 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 December}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14843337\charrsid3494122 , 1982}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122  of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 appellant on a charge of Failing to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 
Give Information as required by the Fifth Schedule Part 1(1) Section 1(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 ) Part I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 . Sections 1 and 3 of the Exchange Control Ordinance (Cap. 186) (1967 Edn.).
\par }{\fs24\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Appellant had carried on business in Fiji as a principal of a tourist resort and was the holder of a tem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 
porary work permit. On 10 April}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  1980 the appellant intending to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 board an aircraft for Australia}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  having passed through security checks at the airport was found to have in his possession certain }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 travellers}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  cheques all of which had been negotiated in Fiji and other currency. He was on 5 May}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  1980 charged with Attempted Export of prohibited currency. He was convicted in the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court and appeals were dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
On 8 May, 1980 appellant was served with directions (set out in the report) issued by the Minister of Finance requiring him to furnish to the Manager of the Central Monetary Authority within 7 days information in his possession or control which the Minist
er of Finance requiring him to furnish to the Manager of the Central Monetary Authority within 7 days information in his possession or control which the Minister may require for the purpose of detecting evasion of the Act. Appellant did not comply.
\par 
\par On 20 May, 1980 appellant was charged with Failing to Give the Information so required. He was convicted in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
s Court. An appeal to the Supreme Court was dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 The present appeal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 was limited to questions of law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  Court of Appeal Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122\charrsid3494122 22(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 1). Th
e Fifth Schedule to the Exchange Control Act provided authority for the issuing of directions and that its contravention was a criminal offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 It was argued that requiring the information was outside the Ministers authority, unconstitutional and was a d
eparture from the established practice that the accused person had the right to remain silent and at common law there was no duty to answer questions put by officers who are seeking to detect crime or evasion of the law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid5057904 Held:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  The directions issued by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 inister were neither unlawful nor unreasonable. The Minister was acting within power in issuing the questionnaire. The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8083431  learned Appeal Judge was in er}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 ror in awarding against the appellant the costs of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 hearing in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court when the Magistrate had made no order therefor.
\par 
\par The directions issued by the Minister pursuant to Part 1, 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid8083431 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 of the Fifth Schedule to the Act were not unconstitutional. The directions given did not offend Article 10(i) of the Constitution. The Order for costs of the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court hearing and to reply to the questions were set aside, for reasons given.
\par 
\par Appeal dismissed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Cases referred to:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 Customs commissioners v. Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  (1948) 1 All E.R. 927
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 Commissione}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid5057904 rs of Custom & Exercise v Harz &}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904  Power}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  (1967) 51 Cr. App. R. 123}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 A v H.M. Treasury }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 (1979) 2 All E.R. 586
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 D.P.P. v Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  (1973) 2 All E.R. 540
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 Batey v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid5057904 Regina}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 m }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 F.C.A. 68/81}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 SPRING. Judge of Appeal
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 Judgment}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid5057904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
This is an appeal from the Supreme Court of Fiji sitting at Lautoka in its appellate jurisdiction. Peter Batey, the appellant, was convicted in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court at Nadi on 16th December, 1980, on a charge of failing to give information as required by the Fifth Schedule Part 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid6554539 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid6554539 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  Part II Sections (1) and (3) of the Exchange Control Ordinance (Cap. 186) (Laws of Fiji 1967 Edition).
\par 
\par The appellant was carrying on business in Fiji as a principal of the tourist resort known as Plantation Island Resort and was the holder of a temporary work permit. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 On 10th April 1980 Batey}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  arrived at Nadi International Airport approximately 30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
minutes before he was due to depart on an aircraft bound for Sydney. Australia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 he passed through immigration and security checks and was making his way towards the aircraft }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 en he }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
intercepted in the departure lounge by customs officials who found that he had in his possession $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 29,0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 00}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 in travellers cheques all of which had bee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13323537 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  negotiated in Fiji and other currency.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  On 11}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 th April 1980 he was charged with export}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ing prohibited currency.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid5057904 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 On 4th May. 1980. the Director of Public Prosecutions gave his written consent to the institution of criminal proceedings against appellant for attempting to export the currency and travellers cheques found in appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s possession in breach of section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  24(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 ) and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 (1) of Part II of the Fifth Schedule to Cap. 186 (supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid5057904 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  On 5th May}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  1980}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 a complaint was duly laid charging appellant with the attempted export of prohibited currency.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
\par On the last mentioned charge appellant was convicted on 16th December, 1980 and fined $50.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 Appeals to the Supreme Court against both conviction and sentence were dismissed on 8th October, 1981; and the appellate Judge ordered that appellant pay costs in respect}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14967282  of his trial in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 
s Court in the sum of $100; and $100 costs in respects of the appeal to the Supreme Court.
\par 
\par Appellant now appeals to this Court by virtue of section 22(1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 of the Court of Appeal Act this appeal is confined to questions of law alone.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 
\par Part I, 1(1) of the Fifth Schedule to the Exchange Control Ordinance (Cap. 186) reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid660190 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 
Without prejudice to any other provisions of this Ordinance, the Minister may give to any person in or resident in Fiji directions requiring him, withi
n such time and in such manner as may be specified in the directions to furnish to him, or to any person designated in the directions as a person authorised to require it, any information in his possession or control which the Minister or the person so au
thorised, as the case may be may require for the purpose of securing compliance with or detec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10373941 ting evasion of this Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 
\par Part II (1) of the same schedule contains comprehensive provision making it a criminal offence to contravene any restriction of requirement of the Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid660190 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 The directions signed by the Minister of Finance pursuant to the Fifth Schedule and served upon appellant on 8th May}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14237363 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  1980 called upon appellant to supply}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 within}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 7 days any information in his possession or control in relation t
o the questions stated in the above mentioned charge of failing to supply information. The purpose of this power}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
vested in the Minister is to ensure compliance with the Act or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 the detection of evasion thereunder.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 In his first ground of appeal Mr Nagin, counsel for appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  submitted that the learned appellate Judge erred in law in not holding th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 at the above directions issued}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 by the Minister were unlawful,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  ultra vires}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  unconstitutional (as having contravened Article 10(7) of the Constitution) and unreasonable.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5057904 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 Turning now}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 to the submission that the directions were unlawful and unreasonable. Mr Nagin claimed that when the Ministe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 s directions were issued on 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 st May}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122  1980}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
 appellant had already been detected and charged and that the purpose of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 Minister}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
s directions was to assist the police to obtain evidence against appellant to ensure the conviction of appellant. That the police had completed their investigations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904  and had brought the evader}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 the appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904\charrsid3494122 
to Court. In other words it was clearly a case of interference with the administration of justice and a departure from the established practice that an accused person has the right to remain silent: further at common law
 there is no duty to answer questions put by police or other officers who are seeking to detect crime or other evasion of the law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5057904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5578220 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
It is clear from authorities that the very object of the Exchange Control Act; in the sections and Part which relate to this matter is to give the Crown power of obtaining information to ascertain whether there is any evasion of the Act taking place; In}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220 Customs Commissioners v Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
 [1948] 1 All E.R. 927 Lord Goddard, CJ. said at p. 929:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5578220 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 To my mind, no new principle here is 
introduced into the law. It is said that this is compelling a man to incriminate himself or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 putting an onus on a man to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
B show that he has not been committing an offence; but, it is quite a commonplace of legislation designed to protect the revenue of the Crown, as it is realised that all the information must generally be within the knowledge of tax}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 payer or the subject, to put an onus on him or to oblige h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
im to do certain things which m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 ay have the effect of incriminating him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5578220 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 Commissioners of Customs & Excise v. Harz & Power}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855  [1967] 51 Cr. App. R. 123 Lord Reid at p. 153 said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5578220 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 
The right of the Commissioners to require information is quite different. If a demand for information is made in the proper manner, the trader is bound to answer the demand with
in the time and in the form required whether or not the answer may tend to incriminate him, and if he fails to comply with the demand, he can be prosecuted. If he answers falsely, he can be prosecuted for that and, if he answers in such a manner as to inc
riminate himself, I can see no reason why his answer should not be used against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5578220 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 
\par Mr Nagin agreed that a person who is served with a questionnai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 re authorised by the Minister is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid487855 
bound in law to produce written answers thereto whether or not the answers 
are incriminatory, but submitted that if, as in this instant appeal, that person has already been charged with a related offence then the directions given by the Minister are unlawful and the person charged is not obliged to answer the questions so direct
ed by the Minister.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 Counsel for appellant relied on }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220  H}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15939317 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220 M}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220  Treasury}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 [1979] 2 All E.R. 586. In this case, for the purpose of investigating into alleged offences against the Exchange Control Act 1947}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  customs officers seized documents belonging to several compani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 s of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 which A and B were directors; B was arreste}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 d and charged with conspiracy }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 and other offences under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 the Exchange Control Act. Later B was served with a questionnaire directed towards obtain
ing information relevant to the conspiracy charge against B; and it was conceded that B might incriminate himself in respect of all the charges against him if he answered the questionnaire. On 29th December A, who had not been arrested or charged, was ser
ved with a similar questionnaire and a request to produce documents. A and B took out ori}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 ginating summonses seeking the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 court}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 s determination whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 they}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 were bound in law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 to comply with the directions so issued. It was held on the true construction of Sch
. 5, Part I, to the 1947 Act (U.K.) the power in para. 1(1) to direct a person to furnish information could not be invoked once that person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  had been charged and cautioned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  and was limited to an earlier stage when matters were being investigated: for otherwise the right of a person charged and cautioned to remain silent would be re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 oved;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  that the Treasury }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
did not have power under para. 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 (1) to direct B to fur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 nish information, since he had }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 alr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 eady been charged and cautioned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  and accordingly he was not bound to comply with the letter of d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 irection served on him. However}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  there was power to direct A to furnish information since he had not been arrested or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 charged, and was therefore to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 be treated like any other potential witness from whom information was sought for the purpose of detecting evasion of the 1947 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  Accordingly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  it }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 was held that A was bound to comply with the le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 tter of direction served, upon h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 im.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
\par Mr Gates for the Crown submitted that although}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  un}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 der the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  common law a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 rson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 cannot be fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 rced or required to incriminate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 himself}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
vertheless}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  statute law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  can}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  if the legislatu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 re so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  chooses}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 by statutory direction re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 quire a person }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 to answer the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 questions whether he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 criminates himself or not; he ag}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 eed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
that the exchange Control Ordinance (Cap. 186) creates an exception and puts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 the citizen under a legal duty to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  answer questions. He submitted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  further that a person can be required}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220  t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 o answer the questions directed to be answered by the Minister even where such a person has been charged; he relied upon the decision of the Divisional, Court in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 D.P.P. v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid5578220 . Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
 [1973] 2 All E.R. 540. The facts in this case are: Ellis paid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855  \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487855 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 000 to a resident of Kuwait and in return received 138,300 francs which his sister used to buy a prop}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4726858 erty in France; later she paid 
\'a33}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 ,000 to another resident of Kuwait and used the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15939317 proceeds to repair the property.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15939317 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
n reply to inquiries by the Treasury the defendant Ellis referred to those payments and his sister and brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 law were convicted of contravening the Exchange Control Act 
1947 (U.K.). Subsequently a Treasury official wrote to Ellis asking if he knew the purpose of the payments and if not, what he thought was the business underlying them. The defendant declined to answer the questions and was charged under Part I,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15939317  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 1(1) and Part II of the Fifth Schedule to the Exchange Control Act 1947}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 (a provision practicall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4726858 y identical with the Fiji legisl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 ation)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 for refusing to furnish information required for the purpose of detecting evasion of th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  Act. The defendant contended that as his sister and brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4726858  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
had already been detected and convicted, and that the questions put to him were not valid directions requiring information for the purpose of detecting evasion. The prosecutor submitted that the questions were properly}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 authorised since they were designed to ascertain whether Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
himself had made a payment and aided and abetted his sister in the commission of the offence. The Magistrate held that the section envisaged the discovery of a non compliance with the Act rath
er than the prosecution of an offender and that non compliance having been detected the Treasury were in effect asking the defendant whether he was guilty as well which they had no power to do. The Divisional Court allowed the appeal in so doing stated th
at the information was needed to as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15939317 certain whether there had been a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
n evasion of the Act distinct from those already charged and convicted and whether the defendant had himself committed an offence. The Court held it would be factitious to say that once the existence of an evasion was known powers under the Act did not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 extend to detecting other persons or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 person who maybe concerned in the evasion. The object of the provision in the Fifth Schedule was to detect offenders as well as offences.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 It is necessary to analyse the decisions in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470 D.P.P.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid16582470  v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470  Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  (supra) and }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid15939317 A v H.M. Treasury}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
(supra). In the latter case the learned Judge regarded the fact that Ellis had not been charged as being}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
the distinguishing feature between the defendant in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid6554539 Elllis}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  case and B in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 case he,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 was decidi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 ng}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539\charrsid3494122 V}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 iz}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470 A.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid16582470  v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid16582470  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470 H.M. Treasu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid16582470 ry}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14233468 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
\par In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid16582470 Ellis}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
 case the defendant had not been charged and the Cour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 t held that he must answer the questions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 withstanding that the answers thereto may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15153656  incriminate him. As Bridge J. S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 aid in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid14233468 D.P.P. v. Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122  (supra) at p: 545;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16582470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 However as soon as one }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 looks at the provisions of para. l of Part I of this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 schedule, it }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 is quite clear }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 that, as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
counsel for the respondent frankly accepts, they are not susceptible o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15153656 f any construction which would h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 
old that information sought in a direction given by the Treasure under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220\charrsid3494122 this provision must stop}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 short of requiring }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
a man to incriminate himself. In the course of detecting erasion th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 e Treasury may require information from it person who will have to disclose that he }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15153656 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
as been an evader. Once that conclusion is reached it seems to me that the strict construction which the chief magistrate was seeking}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15153656 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 which would enable him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
to avoid conviction in his case by distinguishing between detection of an evasion and detection of the evader, becomes quite untenable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5578220 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 It appears to be an artificiality to say t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 because}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 man has been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6647670 
charged with a r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6647670 lated offence u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
nder the Ordinance he is relieved}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6647670  o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 f answering any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6647670\charrsid3494122 questions
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6647670 , required to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 be answered by the Minister, w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 hich are aimed at securing comp
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 
nc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 e with the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10035782  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10035782  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 or detecting}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10035782  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 
breaches of the Ordinance. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 he fact that a person had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823  b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 en}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122  charged would on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 the authority of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823  v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12347823  H.M. Treasury }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 (supra) place that person in a position of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 advantage }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 vis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 \'e0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 -
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 vis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122  a pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 rson w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 ho had not been charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
While the Ordinance creates an exception to the common law position as we have stated above, it is perfectly clear that the provisions contained in the Fifth Schedule put a citizen under a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 legal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  du}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 ty to answer questions. There is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 nothing in the legislation to suggest that this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 duty is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 inapplicable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
 where a person had already}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
been charged. Clearly Parliament had no such limitation in mind when the Act was passed into law. We agree with the learned appellate Judge when he said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 The Minister}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
s statutory power to request information would be virtually nullified if one introduces provisions into the statute which curtail it straight}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 forward language. It deliberately takes away certain common law rights and this is acknowledged and accepted by the Court of Appeal in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3037245 D.P.P. v. Ellis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
. I do not see how one can begin to say it only takes away those rights under certain circumstances.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 Accordingly in our view the directions issued by the Minister were neither unlawful nor unreasonable.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 We turn now to a consideration of the submission that the Minister was acting outside his powers in issuing the questionnaire to appellant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 The essence of this submission was that the Police had sufficient evidence to bring appellant to trial on charges under 
the Exchange Control Ordinance; that there was no need for the questions to be answered for the purpose of detecting evasion of the Exchange Control}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 Ordinance as the Police had detected the evasion and seized currency and $29,000 in travellers cheques
 which the appellant was allegedly attempting to export from Fiji. However, an examination of the questions reveal quite clearly that the Minister was not merely asking the appellant to provide information restricted to appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 s involvement, but was vit
ally concerned with others who may have been implicated in the offence or other smuggling activities in breach of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
e Ordinance. The questions asked were for the purpose of detecting whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
others had aided and abetted the appellant in contravening the Ordinance and thereby themselves evaded the Ordinance.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872 The Fifth Schedule Part I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 
 1(1) is couched in wide terms and once the fact of an evasion is known the Minister is within his powers in endeavouring to obtain information which may extend to the identity of all persons participating in th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470\charrsid3494122 t evasion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16582470 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 Reference was made by counsel for appellant to the evidence of Hari}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 Pal Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 the Manager of Central Monetary Authority}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 -who stated under cross-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 examination:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 The information sought was to assist D.P.P.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 s office in getting a conviction of the accused i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 n the currency case.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 Admittedly Hari Pal Singh was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 the person }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 deputed by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
 the Minister to receive the information sought by the Minister, but it is clear from the legislation that it is the Minister alone who has the authority to seek the i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 nformation required for the pur}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 pose of securing compliance with or detecting }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872\charrsid3494122 vasion}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122  of the Ordinance. What Hari Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
Singh or other witnesses called by the prosecution considered to be the purpose of the directions given to appellant by the Minister is in our view quite irrelevant; answers given by the witnesses in cross}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
examination were in our view not pertinent to the matters in issue and should have been disregarded; it was the Minister alone who was clothed with the power t
o issue the directions and seek the information; the Minister was not called to give evidence and cou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 nsel by the cross examining wit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 nesses, other than the Minister, cannot establish the reasons which prompted the Minister to issue the directions and act in
 this matter; the Minister alone is vested with the powers under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 the Fifth Schedule Part I,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 1(1), and the Minister alone decides what course of action should be taken.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 In our opinion }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 
the Minister was acting within his powers and accordingly we reject counsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245\charrsid3494122 s argument to the contrary.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3037245 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2240677 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 
We consider now the submission urged upon us by Mr Nagin that the proposition that under the Exchange Control Ordinance if a demand for information is properly made the person receiving such demand is bound to answer the de
mand within the: time and in the form}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 equired}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 whether or not the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 
answer may tend to incriminate him, is contrary to the provisions of Article 10(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 7) of the Constitution of Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 
 The Constitution is the supreme law of Fiji.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 Article 10(7) states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2240677 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 
No person who is tried for a criminal offence shall be compelled to give evidence at the trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid12397059 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2240677 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 
Counsel for appellant argued that the questionnaire sent out by the Minister was unconstitutional and therefore void.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid12397059 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677\charrsid12397059 It was submitted that the demand by th
e Minister for the information was equivalent to requiring the appellant to give evidence at his trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2240677 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 The questionnaire issued by the Minister required the appellant to provide information and for the reasons we have given appellant in our view was boun
d to comply with the statutory obligation cast upon him by the legislation. He was not by virtue of the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
s direction being required to give evidence at his trial. Appellant was being required to supply information to the Minister in accordance with his directions which did not involve compulsory testimonial self}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3494122 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
incrimination. The use that the Minister may make of the answers he received to the questions posed to appellant is a matter we are not called upon to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8520872  consider. Questions of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 admissibility of such evidence and admissions (if and) of appellant are not matters which call for our consideration.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 In our opinion therefore the directions issued by the Minister pursuant to Part I,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 1(1) of the Fifth Schedule to the Ordinance were not unconstitutional and did not offend against Article 10(7) of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 For the reasons we have given ground l of the notice of appeal fails in its entirety.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Turning now to round 2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid12397059 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 that the learned appellate Judge erred in law in (1) awarding costs against the appellant in respect of the hearing in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court when the Magistrate made no order as to costs and (2) awarding costs to the Crown on the hearing of the appeal in the Supreme Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 In our}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 opinion and for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 precisely}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 the same reasons as we gave in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid12397059 Batey v. Reginam}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  F.C.A. Criminal Appeal 68/81 the award by the Supreme Court of costs of $100 in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court amounted to an enhancement of the fine and ought not to stand and the order made should be quashed.
\par 
\par In respect of the award of costs of $100 in the Supreme Court on the hearing of the appeal the matter of costs was entirely within the discretion of the learned appellate Judge and we see no reason to interfere with his award and we dismiss this portion o
f this ground of appeal.
\par 
\par Ground 2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid12397059 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 of the notice of appeal states that the learned appellate Judge erred in law when he made an Order that the appellant comply with the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s direction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 At the conclusion of the hearing of the appeal in the Supreme Court the learned appellate Judge in dismissing the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963 
appeal made the following order:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
Under Part I of the Fifth Schedule, Section 1(4) it is Ordered that the appellant within 7 days of the date hereof shall reply to the questions put to him by the Minister which are the subject of these proceedings.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Counsel for appellant submitted that the learned appellate Judge had no power to make the above order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 The Fifth Schedule Part I, 1(4) states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Where a person is convicte}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 d on indictment for failing to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 give information or produce documents when required so to do un}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 der this paragraph}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  the court may make an order requiring the offender}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  within such period as maybe specified in the order, to comply with the requirements to give the information or produce th
e documents.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 The appellant was convicted in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court at Nadi of fai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963 ling to give information by way}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 of summary process and not by way of indictment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 From a study of the Ordinance it appears t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
at the power to make an order such as that made by the learned appellate Judge requiring the offender to comply with the directions given by the Minister arises only where the person is convicted upon an indictment.
\par 
\par Parts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059  1(3) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 and (4) of the Fifth Schedule prescribes differing pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 nalties where a person is convicted }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963 summarily and where a person is convicted }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 on indictment of offences under the Exchang}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
trol Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
e Ordinance makes a distinction between summary conviction and conviction on indictment. In our opinion, although we did not have 
the benefit of detailed argument from counsel, the learned appellate Judge in our view was in error in making the order to which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10372963  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
objection is taken, as the power to make such an order appears to be restricted to those cases where a person is convicted on indictment. Accordingly this order should be rescinded and set aside.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 Accordingly for the reasons we have given the app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 eal is dismissed except to the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 extent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid3494122 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid12397059 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
 that the order for payment of $100 costs by appellant in respect of the hearing in the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 s Court at Nadi is quashed and

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid10372963 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122  the order }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 made by the Supreme Court on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956\charrsid3494122 
8th October 1981 that the appellant shall reply to the questions required by the Minister of Finance within 7 days is rescinded and set aside.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3494122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 Appeal against conviction dismissed.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4545956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid6554539 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12397059 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059\charrsid12397059 Gould}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 , V.P.
\par Henry, J. A.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6554539 Spring}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12397059 , J.A.
\par }}