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{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f58\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f59\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f60\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f61\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f62\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}
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{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
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{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
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{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
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{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
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{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;
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\rsid2754469\rsid2888949\rsid4001246\rsid4207182\rsid4524823\rsid5178077\rsid5205916\rsid5796177\rsid6436335\rsid6492700\rsid6965699\rsid7292996\rsid7558974\rsid8341142\rsid11036634\rsid11404771\rsid11555899\rsid11811803\rsid12404487\rsid12458296
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{\operator hamilton_l}{\creatim\yr2012\mo3\dy12\hr9\min55}{\revtim\yr2012\mo3\dy12\hr9\min55}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords1997}{\nofchars9880}{\nofcharsws11854}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/
wordml}}\paperw9609\paperh13775\margl1080\margr1080\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
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\dghorigin1080\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale172\rsidroot7558974 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11036634\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid11811803 [1982] 28 FLR 144}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid14574797 COURT OF APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid14574797 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid14574797 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 SUBARAMANI (s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 /o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803  Armaug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1604536 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 m)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid1604536 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 PRICES AND INCOMES BOARD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid4001246 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4207182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 (COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 uld, V.P., Marsack, J.A)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par Date of Hearing: 3 March 1982 
\par Date of Judgment: 19 March 1982 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 Landlord & Tena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 nt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 Native Land Trust Ordinance (Cap. 115-1967 Edn.) S.12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 does }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 not
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803  apply to sublease granted before it or transfers thereof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 subleases not in breach. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 H. K. Nagin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  for Appellant 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 K. L. Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14574797 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 araj and Miss G. Fong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  for Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 order by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 the Supreme Court which dismissed an appeal from the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 s Court at Nadi wherein the appellant was co}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 nvicted of the offence under S.33(1) and S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 35 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Counter Inflation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 No. 11 of 1973 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of increasing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the rent of a dwelling flat from $65 to $70 without giving 12 months notice of the proposed increase. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Appellant admitted complainant had been his tenan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 that he had increased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 the rent without notice as alleged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Appellant contended that as he had failed to obtain the consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Native Lands Trust Board, under Native Lands Trust Ordinance (Cap. 115 1967 Edn.) therefore, the argument ran, there was no tenancy, no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 rent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 payable within the relevant provisions of the Counter Inflation Act. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 The court referred to S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 12 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  and the meaning of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 esees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 subleases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 therein. Evidence to which the court referred traced the history of the sublease and indicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the sublease }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 appellant was the registered proprietor may have been given some 8 years before the Ordinance was passed in 1940. S.12 did not appl
y to sublease granted before the commencement of the Ordinance. S.36 of the Ordinance in effect defines earlier transactions which are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 brought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  within the Ordinance, with words which, semble, are not appropriate to include pre-existing subleases, though pre-existing leases became }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  S.12 by reason of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  working of S.36(2). }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 : The pre-existing sublease was not within the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  subject to S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 2. Therefore, the tenancy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 ot rendered null and void by S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 12. The defence of illegality therefore failed. 
\par 
\par Appeal dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Case referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid11811803 Ingle v Farrand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996  [1927] AC 417.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 HENRY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5796177 , J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 udge of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11811803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid5796177 Judgment of the Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Appellant was co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 nvicte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 d in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 s Court at Nadi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  offence under section 33(1) and 35 of the Counter-Inflation Act No. 11 of 1973}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 namely,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  that he increased the rent of a dwelling flat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  being No. 4 in a block of four flats situated at Qeleloa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Nadi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  occupied by one Mereani Vakacegu. from $65 per month to $70 per month without giving twelve weeks prior written notice }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  proposed increase to the Prices & Incomes Board. Appellant was ordered to pay a fine of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7292996  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 $200 and costs $15. From this conviction he appealed to\'b7the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 which}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  dismissed the appeal with costs fixed at $80. Appellant has now appealed to this Court which appeal is confined to questions of law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Appellant said that complainant was his tenant occupying one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  four flats erected on native land held by him under sub-lease. He admitted that the rent had been increased without notice as alleged. Prima facie this was an admission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of guilt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  but appellant contended that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  as he had failed to obtain th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 LTB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 the tenancy, was null and void under section 12 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  NLTB Ordinance (Cap. 115). We will hereafter refer to
 the NLTB as "the Board" and Cap. 115 as "the Ordinance". From this premise it was contended that the letting was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 nullity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  and so was not a "tenanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 y"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  and no "ren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  was payable within the relevant provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Counter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Inflatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 and in particular section 12 of that Act. It was thus claimed that no offence had been committed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Section 12 of the Ordinance provides as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
"12.-(1) Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations made hereunder, it shall not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292996 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e lawful for any lessee under thi
s Ordinance to alienate or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 deal with the land comprised in his lease or any part therof, whether by sale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  transfer or sublease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 or in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 manner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 whatsoever}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 without the consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 Board as lessor or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 head les}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 or first had and obtained. The granting or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 withholding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
consent shall be in the absolute discretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  and any sale, transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 lease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 There is a proviso which is not relevant. In 1943, by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 amendment, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  following provision was inserted, namely:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
(2) For the purpose of this section "lease" includes a sublease and "lessee" includes a sublessee. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 By section 26 every omission or neglect to comply with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 and every act done or attempted to be done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  contrary to the Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  is an offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 punishable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 by a fine or imprisonment or both. Section 27 is also relevant because it may well be that the tenant may be in unlawful occupation. Section 27 reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 "27. Any person who is found to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e in unlawful occupation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
y native land shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e liable to immediate evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 tion and to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ine of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ifty pounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 or to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  imprisonment for six months or to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6436335 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ine and imprisonment." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 It will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e noticed that a breach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  12 not only destroys purported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 transactions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
ut may also visit the parties with penalties. Accordingly it ought to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e strictly construed and any am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 iguity resolved in favour of innocence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 On Septem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 er 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  1932}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 one John Perry Bailey was the registered proprietor as lessee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  piece }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of native}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 which on that date he su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 leased to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 one Kandasam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 a pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 rt}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  containing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  rood 36 perches for a period of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 66 years from January }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  1930. At the material time appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 as the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 proprie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 sublease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 we will refer to as "the sublease". The learned Judge said that the land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 in the sub-lease could have been built on some 47 years ago. It was not stated when the flats were built }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ut it is a fair inference that the business }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 of providing}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  flats for letting had continued for a very substantial period. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The Ordinance was passed in June 1940 so the sublease came into existence some eight years earlier. At the time when the Ordinance was passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the lease to John Perry Bailey and the sublease created estates "granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 before}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the commencement of the Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
. The expression will later assume some considerable importance. No evidence was tendered to prove unde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
what authority the lease to John Perry Bailey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 granted. The case is completely silent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 on any of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 its terms, and, in particular, the term of years is not known. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
In the Supreme Court it was held that, in view of the general surrounding circumstances and the use to which the land was put and the nature of the buildings, that it should be inferred the successive sub-lessees had compiled
 with legal requirements and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5178077\charrsid7558974 it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  lawful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5178077\charrsid7558974 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  sublessees (in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 cluding appellant) to let the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 flats from time to time without the consent of the Board. We do not favour this approach and will not pursue it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5178077\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The first question for determination is who are "lessees" and "sublessees" within the true meaning of those expressions in section 12 which question of course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5178077  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 includes a determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5178077\charrsid7558974 of what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  leases and subleases come within the section. Ex facie, in the absence of some additional provision, the expressions are confined to persons and documents which have the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5178077 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
r origin under the Ordinance, that is to say the provision is prospective in its operation and refers to leases and subleases which commence after its enactment in 1940. The law is clear that
 a retrospective effect should not be given to statutory provisions unless such a construction appears very clearly or by necessary and distinct implication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid8341142 Ingle v. F}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid8341142 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid8341142 rra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid8341142 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  [1927] A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 . 417,428. Thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  taken by itself, section 12 does not apply to lessees and su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 lessees in leases and subleases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
ranted before the commencement of the Ordinance because, of necessity, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
ust have had their origin under some other ordinance or provision earlier in point of time. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The Ordinance does not contain an interpretaion section which enlarges the meaning of the words "lessee" "su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -lessee", "lease" or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11555899 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
ease". The only provision which deals with pre-existing leasehold grants is section 36 which provides as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 "36.-(1) Any proclamation, order in council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  notification, document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  license, lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 certificate, or authority issued, made, given or granted before the commencement of this Ordinance under the Native Lands Ordinance 1933 shall continue in force as if it had been issued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  made, given or granted under this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771  Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
(2) Every such lease or licence continued in force as aforesaid shall in all respects be subject to the provisions of this Ordinance: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
Provided that the provisions of section 12 of this Ordinance and of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 regulations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  made hereunder shall no
t apply to any such lease granted for a term of nine hundred and ninety years."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13387406 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li852\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin852\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770701 (Inserted by 16 of 1945. S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11404771 2)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The only transaction relevant to the present appeal is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4001246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771 "Any .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
.............. lease .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771 ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ..... granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11404771\charrsid7558974 before}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the commencement of this Ordinance." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7558974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Attention has already been drawn to the entire lack of evidence concerning details }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  lease to John Perry Bailey. It is not known whether it comes within the earlier Ordinances named in section 36 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 or whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  it has a term of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770701  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 999 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  but for the purpose of this appeal it may be assumed that it is a lease to which section 36 applies. A su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 essee h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 s no privity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  with the head lessor. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ets no estate from the head lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6492700  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 his estate is carved out of the estate already g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6492700 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 anted to the lessee under the head lease. His estate is separate and distinct from that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  lessee under the head lease. The sublease has not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 een }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ranted under the Ordinance mentioned in section 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6492700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6492700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 it was granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 y John Perry Bailey. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The Legislature has chosen in section 36 to define with precision the pre-existing transactions in the nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
of leases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  which are brought within the Ordinance. The words are not appropriate to include existing sub-leases. Pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -existing leases became subject to section 12 because subsection (2) expressly enacts that the designated leases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 shal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  subject to the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Ordinance which, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15023230 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 includes section 12. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 Since the only pre-existing transaction in the nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  lease, which is brought into the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 Ordinance, is a lease the result is that a pre-existing sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 lease is not within the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Ordinance. The provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  36 are clear and unambiguous when defining the nature of pre-existing transactions which are brought within the Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 The pre-existing sub-lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ppellant is not a transaction which is included and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  it is not subject to the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 12. There is no ground upon which it could be successfully argued that there is a necessary and distinct 
implication that section 12 has retrospective effect so as to include pre-existing sub-leases. Dealings with the sub-lease are not within section 12 so the tenancy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of complainant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  is therefore not rendered null and void }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 y section 12}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  the defence of illegality fails. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 It should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
e noted that since the passing of the NLTB Act (Cap. 134) which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ecame law last year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 y virtue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Revised Edition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of Laws}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Act (Cap. 6)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  section 36 is no lon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 er in force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15023230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 it havin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 een omitted from the revised Act. Pre-existin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  leases and su
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
eases are not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ject to section 12 since the date of the revised Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 This Court deprecates the action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  who had the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 responsibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 rguing the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  failing to appear personally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 ut engaging }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 other counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  not properly instructed to argue the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  to present written argument without the prior permission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 Court. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  Court was deprived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 of full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  argument and also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974  proper reply to respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7558974\charrsid7558974 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 s case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 In the opinion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811803 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 
 Court appellant was correctly convicted. The appeal will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid7558974 e dismissed and the conviction is affirmed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2754469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8341142\charrsid7558974 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2754469\charrsid8341142 Appeal dismissed. Conviction affirmed. 
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