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{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
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\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listname ;}\listid1353585431}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1353585431\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}
{\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp7\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp21\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0
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\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp10\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp8\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp23\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp23\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}
{\pgp\ipgp21\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp10\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp7\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid89571\rsid940298\rsid1321887\rsid1536384\rsid1732947\rsid3626041\rsid4345429\rsid4668673
\rsid4981712\rsid5141749\rsid5202764\rsid5331743\rsid5667257\rsid6516422\rsid6555767\rsid8151070\rsid8217220\rsid8334251\rsid8857608\rsid9384668\rsid9400986\rsid9526763\rsid9648377\rsid10317808\rsid10764835\rsid11415929\rsid11673837\rsid11676101
\rsid11995452\rsid12217522\rsid12998797\rsid13521063\rsid14888420\rsid15098912\rsid15869439\rsid16068312\rsid16146851\rsid16546465}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0
\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Lee-Vesikula}{\operator hamilton_l}{\creatim\yr2012\mo3\dy7\hr12\min37}{\revtim\yr2012\mo3\dy8\hr11\min2}{\version3}{\edmins53}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords2854}{\nofchars13202}{\nofcharsws16024}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http:/
/schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw9480\paperh13680\margl1080\margr1080\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\deftab284\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace110\dgvspace120
\dghorigin1080\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale180\rsidroot11415929 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1321887\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1321887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid1321887 [1982] 28 FLR 154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1321887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11673837 IN THE PRIVY COUNCIL OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11673837 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1321887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 RAGHO PRASAD
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15098912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid1321887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1321887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid4668673 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15098912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid1321887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1321887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 THE QUEEN
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15098912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5331743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
(Present at the Hearing: The Lord Chancellor, Lord Diplock, Lord Edmund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13521063 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Davies, Lord Russel of Killowen and Lord Roskill)

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5331743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 Delivered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  LORD DIPLOCK]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 Criminal Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521063 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 Murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521063 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 Confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 admitted in evidence following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid1321887  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887  e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 xam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 ination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 province of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 jury asked to consider voluntariness}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid1321887 
practice of Judicial Committee when hearing appeals in criminal matter. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council against a 
decision of the Court of Appeal which had unanimously dismissed an appeal from the Supreme Court consisting of a Judge and 3 assessors which had found the appellant guilty of murder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The facts fully set out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Court of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
included that on 27 July1976}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 there had been a party attended by members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 
of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 the deceased, (father of the appellant) was head. The deceased left the party before it ended. His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 was discovered sometime later. He had received some 13 cuts from a sharp instrument four of which were severe and were the cause of his death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The only evidence of appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
s guilt was an initialled confession in a police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 notebook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
. If he had made it and it were true it was "conclusive of his guilt". Appellant contested the admissability of the confession on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 , giving evidence that he had not said what was recorded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  it had not been read over to him, and he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 forced to initial it as a result }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 of violence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  inflicted upon him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  the police. The Judge disbelieved his evidence. He admitted the confession holding it to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 been}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  voluntary. At the trial and in the presence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
ssessors the appellant gave evidence on oath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  repeated the same sort }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of a
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 llegations of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 fabrication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  and violence; nevertheless the assessors were unanimous that appellant was guilty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Two grounds were argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
. The Judge had not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 sufficiently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  stressed to the assessors the danger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
convicting in the evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 the co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 fession alone. Having admitted the confession the learned trial Judge instructed to the assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 "It was suggested to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  have to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 e satisfied that the confession is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 voluntar}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  that is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 not so. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 l }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  have to consider is whether the accused made that statement and whether it is true." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The trial Judge said further that if the assessors thought appellant had been forced to make the statement they might think that was a very good reason w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 it was not true. The Court of Appeal had found that the first sentence quoted above correctly stated the law a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 laid down in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10317808 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid89571 hu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10317808 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid89571  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Wei Keun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8334251 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1976) 2 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 C. 160. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 In the Privy Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 R. v. McCart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid5667257 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317808  (1980) 70 Cr. App. R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 270, decided since the Court of Appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 udgment, was cited to the effect that whether a confession that had been admitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid8334251  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  was voluntary was for the J
ury to decide. Their Lordships quoted the sentence (p. 272) of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251 McC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid8334251 arth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  which gave rise to the submission: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 f he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  allows the evidence to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 iven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  then it is for the Jury to consider whether or not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  there is an inducement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid8334251 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251 d whether or not i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid8334251 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251  was voluntary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  and it is for the Jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  after a proper direction to assess its probative value." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 : By their Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
"Looked at in their context the words italicised may be equivocal, but the authorities cited for the proposition are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Chan Wei Keung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  itself and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 R. v. Burgess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 (1968) 2 Q.B 112, a decision of the Court of Appeal of England in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8334251 Chan Wei Keung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 was followed and applied. In their Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 view all that the words italicised should be understood to mean is that the jury should take into considerat
ion all the circumstances in which a confession was made, including allegations of force, if it thinks they may be true, in assessing the probative value of a confession. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid89571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 So, in their Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  view, there is no fresh authority in this particular field 
of criminal law that would justify this Board in re-examining the sufficiency of the summing-up as respects the reliability of the confession, since this is a matter that was peculiarly the province of the Fiji Court of Appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9648377 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid89571 Ghum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257  Wei Keung v The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 (1976) 2 AC 160}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8334251 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid8334251\charrsid9648377 McCarthy v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8334251\charrsid8334251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8334251 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 1980}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8334251 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  70 Cr App R 270}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8334251 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Ibrahim v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10764835 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 1914}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  AC 599}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Riel v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1885) 10 AC 675}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid3626041\charrsid3626041 Re Dillet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3626041\charrsid3626041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
(1887) 12 AC 459}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Ex parte Deeming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041  [1892] AC. 422.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Ex parte Macrea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid89571  10 [1893]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041  AC. 346.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid5667257 Reg v Bertrand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1867}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 ) L.R. 1 P.C. 520.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11995452 R. v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid10764835 Burgess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11995452  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041 1968}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3626041  2 QB 112}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10764835 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16146851 Appeal dismissed 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5667257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid10764835 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 At a trial in the Supreme Court of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 held before Stuart J. and five Assessor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Ragho Prasad (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 the appellant") was convicted of murdering his father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 and sentenced to life imprisonment. He appealed to the Fiji Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal against his conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  on the ground of various alleged errors and other defects in the Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s summing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 the Assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  whose unanimous opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  with which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 concurred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  was that the appellant was guilty of murder. 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The Court of Appeal gave thorough and detailed consideration to these criticisms. They are dealt with in the judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Court delivered by Gould}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  V.P. who concluded by saying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 "We have expressed some criticism }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  summing up but do not consider, in the light }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  whole, that the learned judge went beyond permissible limits in permitting his opinions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 of some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  facts to be seen, and do not find any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 other criticisms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  urged by counsel are justified to such an extent as would induce us to allow the appeal." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The practice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Judicial Committee in the exercise }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 of its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  appellate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 jurisdiction}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  in criminal matters was authoritatively stated by Lord Sumner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Ibrahim v. The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  [1914] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8217220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 C. 599 at pp. 614-5. The practice remains unchanged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  and the whole passage bears repetition. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 " ... Leave to appeal is not granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8217220 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 xcept where some clear departure from the requirements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  exists: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Riel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8217220 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 . Reg.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1885) 10 App. Cas. 675; nor unless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
by a disregard of the forms of legal process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 or by some violation of the principles of natural justice or otherwise, substantial and grave injustice has been done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526763 ..'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Dillet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid16546465 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 s Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1887) 12 App. Cas. 459. It is true that these are cases of applications for special leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  but the Board has repeatedly treated applications for leave to appeal and the hearing of criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 appeals as being upon the same footing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Rie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid16546465 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 s Case; Ex pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 e Deeming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  [1892] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 422. The Board cannot give leave to appeal where the grounds suggested could not sustain the appeal itself; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  conversely, it cannot allow an appeal on grounds that would not have sufficed for the grant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of permission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  to bring it. Misdirection, as such, even irregularity as such, will not suffice: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Ex pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Macrea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  [1983] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 .C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . 346. There must be something which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 in the particular case, deprives the accused of the substance of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 fair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 trial and the protection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  or which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 in general}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 tends to divert the due and order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  administration of the law into a new course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8217220 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  which may be drawn into an e}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 il precedent in future}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Reg. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 . Be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 rtr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (1867) L.R. 1 P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . 520." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 To this their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Lordships would only add that courts }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal composed of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 judges more familiar than members of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
this Board can hope to be with local conditions and social attitudes, are in a better}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 position than their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Lordships to assess the likely effect of any misdirection or irregularity upon a jury or other deciders of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 fact in a criminal case. This is all the more so where, as in Fiji, the mode of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 trial is not the same as in England or Scotland.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 There is no jury}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  the trial is before a judge and assessors to the number of not less than four in capital cases. The judge sums up to them}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  each then states his individual opinion as to the guilt of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ;
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  although permitted to consult with one another they are not obliged to do so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16146851 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  and the ultimate decider of fact (as well as law) is the judge himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
who need not conform to the opinions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  even though they be unanimous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 if he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  thinks that their op}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1536384 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 nions are wrong. The field of co
mment upon evidence that is proper to a judge in summing up to a jury in a trial in which they are collectively the exclusive deciders of fact is not necessarily the same as in summing up to assessors whose function it is to help the judge in making up hi
s own mind as the sole ultimate determiner of fact. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Adherence to their settled practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  as described in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid8857608 Ibrahim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  (above)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  makes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8857608 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
unnecessary in the instant case for their Lordships to do more than state in bare outline the case against the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  of
 which a full account is to be found in the judgment of the Court of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 On 27 July 1976, there had been a party attended by members of an extended Hindu family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  the deceased, the father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  appellant, was the head. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  held at premises in the compound where most }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  extended family lived to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 celebrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 the completion of the cane harvest by one of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
s brothers. The appellant, the deceased and some eight others were present, including one ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ai Raj. The deceased had left
 the party before it ended in order to go home to bed. His body was discovered some time later near a toilet in the compound. He had received some thirteen cuts from a sharp instrument }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  four were very severe and were the cause of his death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 For reasons into which it is unnecessary to enter the only evidence of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s guilt that was available at his trial was a confession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 If he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  had made it and it was true, it was conclusive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 guilt The prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s case was that he had made it to a 
Police Inspector when he had been confronted with Jai Raj who had said to the appellant: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
"When grandfather went to sleep, after some time when the dogs started barking, you went and came back after ten to fifteen minutes." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16546465 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 When asked by the Inspector i
f what Jai Raj had said was true, the appellant replied: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 a. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929 "}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Yes, sir, now, this is true. My brother Sohan Lal said to get rid of this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 problem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . My father went towards the house. A little after, I went and I was annoyed and struck him with a knife." 
\par q. "How many times did you strike with a knife?" 
\par a. "Three or four times." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li270\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin270\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 q. "What did you do with the knife?" 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-270\li540\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid12998797 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
a. "I kept the knife at home after washing it and the police took it from me." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par This dialogue was recorded in the Inspector}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s notebook and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  initialled by the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 At the trial the admissibilit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 of this confession was challen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ed on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11676101 dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  before the Judge in the absenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  of the Assessors. The appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 gave evidence on oath. He alleged that what purported to be recorded in the note book was a complete fabrication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  he had never said it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  it had never been read over to him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  he had been forced to initial it as a result }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of violence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  inflicted upon him by the police. The Judge dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
elieved the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s evidence on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 voire}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11676101  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . He held the c
onfession to be voluntary and admitted it in evidence. At the trial in the presence of the Assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 the appellant again gave evidence on oath and made the same sort of allegations of fabrication and violence as he had made on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6555767 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11676101  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11676101 dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . Nevertheless
 the Assessors were unanimous in their opinion that he was guilty beyond reasonable doubt, and so was the learned Judge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 Of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  complaints made in the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal about the Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 s summing up, it was sought on behalf of the appellant to re-argue two before this Board. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The first was that the Judge did not sufficiently stress to the Assessors the danger }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of convicting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  on the evidence of the confession alone. Having admitted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11676101\charrsid11676101 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11676101  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 e instructed the Assessors: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid14888420 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 "It was suggest
ed to you that you have to be satisfied that the confession is voluntary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 but that is not so. All you have to consider is whether the accused made that statement and whether it is true." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 He went on, however, to point out that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 if they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  thought that the appellant had been forced to make it they might think it was a very good reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 hy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 it was not true. The Court of Appeal were of opinion that the first sentence in the passage that their Lordships have reproduced verbatim correctly stated the law as laid down by this Board in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1536384 Chan
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465  Wei Keung v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  [1967] 2 AC. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676101 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 and that the summing up upon the confession and the weight to be attached to it when taken as a whole was adequate. Before their Lordships, however, it was contended that, since the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Fiji Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422\charrsid11415929 f Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  in the instant case, the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal in England had decided in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 R. v. M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 rth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid16546465 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 [1980]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5202764  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 70 Cr. App. R.270 that the question whether a confession that had been admitted on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11676101\charrsid6516422 voire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid6516422  dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  was voluntary was for the jury to decide. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Their Lordships have considered the passage in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 rth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1321887\charrsid16546465 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  that was relied upon. It consists of the few words italicised hereunder in a single sentence of the judgement (at p. 272): }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16068312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 " If he [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid6516422 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6516422\charrsid6516422 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 . the judge] allows the evidence to be given, then it is for t
he jury to consider whether or not there is an inducement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 and whether or not it was vo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid16546465 tary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 and it is for the jury, after a proper direction, to assess its probative value." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Looked at in their context the words italicised may be equivocal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  but the authorities cited for the proposition are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 Chan Wei Keung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 itself and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid16546465 R. v. Burgess}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  [1968] 2 Q.B. 112,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 a decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid6516422 Chan Wei }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid6516422 Keung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  followed and applied. In their Lordship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
s view all that the words italicised should be understood to mean is that the jury should take into consideration all the circumstances in which a confession was made, including allegations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 of force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16546465\charrsid11415929 if it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  thinks they may be true, in assessing the pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 obative value of a confession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid940298 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 So, in their Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 view, there is no fresh authority in this particular field of criminal law that would justify this Board in re-examining the sufficiency of the summing-up as respects the reliability of the confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 
,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  since this is a matter that was peculiarly the province of the Fiji Court of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 The same applies to the criticisms advanced against the way in which the Judge in his summing-up permitted his own views }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  credibility }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
 appellant and of other witnesses to become apparent to the Assessors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid940298 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 Finally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  their Lordships must deal briefly with a point on which they have not had the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 benefit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  of the views of the Fiji Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321887 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 for the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  point was not taken before them. At an early stage in his summing up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 n he was in the course of narra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 ting how the prosecution put their case}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  the learned Judge mentioned that they alleged that when the appellant rejoined the family partly after 10 to 15 minutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11415929\charrsid11415929 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
absence (during which he was alleged to have killed his father) he had changed his clothes. Jai Raj had in fact said this but not in the presence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  appellant. That Jai Raj had so informed the Police Inspector at a previous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 inter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 v}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 iew was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  extracted from the Inspector in the course of cross examination on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  appellant. It was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  hearsa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  and did not constitute evidence to which the deciders }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid11415929 of fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  were entitled to have regard in determining the guilt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5667257 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929  accused. Apart from this passing reference the Judge never mentioned changing of clothes again. He never suggested that there was 
any evidence that the appellant had changed his clothes. He emphasised to the Assessors that the only evidence against the appellant was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 
alleged confession; and the only subsequent reference that he made to clothes of the appellant was to suggest to the Assessors that they did not help at all in dete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 rm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 ining whether or not the confession was true. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 
\par In their Lordships' view there is nothing in this fresh point. They are fortified in this view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 
y the fact that despite what had obviously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 een a meticulous analysis of each sentence in the summing-up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298  it had never occurred to anyone to take the point in the notices of appeal (original and supplementar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid940298 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 ) to the Court of Appeal or at the hearing in that Court or even in the appellant's written case before this 
Board. It was advanced for the first time at the oral hearing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 
\par Their Lordships will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 , a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 ccordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298  hum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 ly advise Her M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 jesty that this appeal must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516422 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 e dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid940298 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415929 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid940298\charrsid940298 Appeal dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8151070\charrsid11415929 
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