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}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid7762042 of employment}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid7762042 . \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid7762042 B. N. Sweetman}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 for the appellant \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid7762042 A. R. Matebalavu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 for the respondent \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Appeal against a decision given in the Resident Magistrates Court Suva on 29 January 1982 whereby it was held that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Jang Bahadur Singh deceased died as a result }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of personal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 injury arising out of and in the course of his employment.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par The grounds of appeal were: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 . The learned magistrate erred in fact and in law in holding that Jang Bahadur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Singh deceased died as a result }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of personal}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 injury by accident }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 arising out}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 in the course }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 employment with the appellant in terms of Section 5(1) of the Workmen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s Compensation Act, Cap. 77. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 2. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The learned magistrate failed to have any proper regard to the evidence adduced concerning the pre-existing heart condition of the deceased and t he effect of such condition on the deceased and having found that such condition could have caused the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s death at any time he erred in holding that the death arose out of the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s employment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The learned magistrate erred in not finding that the death }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 deceased was unrelated to his employment." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par The deceased was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 prior to his death, on 24 January 1979 employed by the respondent company as a maintenance engineer. The evidence accepted by the }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 that on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 the day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 f his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 death the deceased was engaged in repairing a vehicl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 owned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 by the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 respondent when he took ill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 collapsed and died. The magistrate found that the deceased was lying on his back underneath the said vehicle looking up. He was engaged in pushing up part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 e ngine. While tightening a bolt in that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 position}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 he felt ill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 came out from under th}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 van}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 , rested on the a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 rm }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of another}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 employee, then collapsed and died. There was no post mortem. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The deceased was a known diabetic with Ischaemic Heart }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 isease for which h e continued to take medication, having been admitted to Sigatoka Hospital and attended the clinic there on several occasions. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The cause of his death according to the medical evidence was severe Myocardial Infarction. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 Dr. Semi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 si Savou, a medical officer gave evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of having}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 treated the deceased at that hospital and noting the condition referred to above. He saw the deceased on the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 he died. He was satisfied from his examination that the cause }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of death}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 was heart }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ttack, which evidence was accepted by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379 the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 magistrate. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Asked whether}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 lying}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 down and working upwards cou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 ld cause a heart attack, that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 is in relation to this particular individual he said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 "Would not advise him to do that. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 If he}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 did that and died that could be the cause of death." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Though he agreed that the deceased with the condition mentioned above could have died at any time, he stood by his opinion that the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s work had accelerated his death. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Another medical witness called to explain Ischaemic Heart Disease, said that a heart attack with fatal development could }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 occur within}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 seconds or minutes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 of being}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 triggered, for e.g., by physical exertion and activities of very slight nature and by emotion. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The magistrate found and the learned judge of appeal accepted that the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s exertion triggered }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 off his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 fatal heart attack which occurred while he was working on the engine. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The respondent called no medical evidence. The learned judge accepted there was no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 division of medical opinion.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid7762042 Held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 : There was eviden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 e which the magistrate accepted that the deceased collapsed and death occured as a result of the work on which he was engaged.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par Notwithstanding the history }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s heart disease the dea th was due to an accident arising out of his employment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The magistrate was correct in so holding. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Appeal dismissed. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Award entered in the sum of $12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 000. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Cases referred to: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Tansey v Renown Collieries }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid6647470 Lt}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10422526 [1945]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 NZLR }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10422526 568}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Clover, Clayton and Co L}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042\charrsid6647470 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 d v Hughes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 }{ \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid13187330\charrsid13187330 [1910] AC }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 242 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Oates v Earl Fitz}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid80705 w}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 illiam}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid6647470 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 s Collieries Co}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid80705 (1939) 2 All E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 R 498 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid9374641 Tai}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid9374641 hu}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid9374641 ha}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 v Attorney-General}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10422526 [1960]}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 NZLR 925 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 KERMODE, J.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9374641 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6647470 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid9374641 Judgment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The appellant appeals against the decision of the First Class Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s Court, Suva, dated the 29th day of January, 1982, whereby it was held that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ang Bahadur Singh deceased died as a result of personal injury arising out of and in}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 the course of his employment.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The grounds of the appeal are as follows: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12135430 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10829533 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 he learned Magistrate erred in fact and in law in holding that Jang Bahadur Singh deceased died as a result }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of personal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 injury by accident arising out }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 in the course of his employment with the Appellant in terms of Section 5(1) of the Workmen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s Compensation Act, Cap. 77. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 2. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The learned Magistrate failed to have any proper regard to the evidence adduced concerning the pre-existing heart condition of the deceased and the effect of such condition on the deceased and having found that such condition cou ld have caused the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s death at any time he erred in holding that the death arose out of the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s employment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The learned Magistrate erred in not finding that the death of the deceased was } {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 unrelated to his employment.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6314061 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The said Jang Bahadur Singh, whom I shall hereinafter }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 refer to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 as the deceased, was prior to his death on 24th January, 1979, employed by the respondent company as a maintenance engineer. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 On the day of his death he was engaged in repairing a vehicle owned by the responden t company when he was suddenly taken ill and collapsed and died. The deceased was a known diabetic with ischaemic heart disease for which he continued to take medication. He had been admitted to the Sigatoka Hospital in March 1978 and had attended the hos pital}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s clinic on several occasions. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The cause of his death according to the medical evidence was severe myocardial infrac}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 tion.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 There was some con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 fl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ict of evidence as to what work the deceased was actually doing at the time he was taken ill. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The Magistrate found as a fact that the deceased was lying on his back underneath the respondent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s van looking up. He was engaged in pushing up part of the engine. Whilst tightening a bolt in that position he felt ill. He came out from under the van rested on the arm of another employee and then collapsed and died. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 That was consistent with the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s medical history. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The second stage is the medical history. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The second stage is the medical incident which gives rise to coronary occlusion, coronary thrombosis or heart attack. She stated that the latter, and often fatal development, can occur within seconds or minutes}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 being triggered, for example, by physical exertion and activities of a very slight nature or by emotion. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The evidence indicates that the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s exertions triggered off his fatal heart attack. The attack occurred while he was working on an engine. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6314061\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The respondent called no medical witness and there is therefore no divergence of medical opinion as was faced by Ongley J. in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Tansey v. Renown Collieries Ltd. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 (1946) N.Z.L.R. 730. In that case there was a divergence of medical opinion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 hich was due to there being two distinct schools of thought on the subject. One school in years gone by was of the view that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 coronary thrombosis not being due to effort cannot be an injury by accident}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid5649185 Taituha}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6314061 v. Attorney-General}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 (1960) N.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 Z}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 .L.R. 925 a person sh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 uldering coal in a coal mine complained }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of pain}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 in his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6314061 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 hest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6314061 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6314061 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 9.00a.m. 9.15a.m. and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 9.30a.m. He continued to work until about 9.45 a.m.when he reported he was too ill to work. He was later found in a state of collapse about 10 minutes walk from where he was last seen. He died of heart failure at about 11.45 a.m. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 It was held that although the deceased was shown to have been suffering from advanced coronary disease, his failure to take notice of the warning anginal pain and his persistence in effort at work after that time caused a change in his heart which led to his death. His death was consequently due to an accident which arose ou t }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 in the course of his employment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 In Civil Apeal 13 of 1982 the Labour Officer on behalf of Luisa Lega}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ega and Ports Authority of Fiji the authorities were considered. One case referred to therein was the case of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Clover Clayton & Co. Ltd. v. Hughes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 (1910) A.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 . 242 where the House of Lords by a majority decision held that there was evidence to support the County Court Judge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s finding that death was caused by strain arising out of the ordinary work of the deceased. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 In that case a workman suffering from serious aneurism was employed in tightening a nut by a spanner when he suddenly fell down dead from rupture of the aneurism. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The facts in Hughes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 case are very similar to the facts in the instant case. \par \par In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 Oa}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 es v. Earl Fi}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 zwilliam}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid6647470 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid6647470 s Collieries Co.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 (1939) 2 All E.R. 498 the Court of Appeal said at p.502. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 "In our }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 judgment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 , a physiological injury or change occu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 rr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ing in the course of a man}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s employment by reason of the work in which he is engaged at or about that moment is an injury by accident arising out of his employment, and this is so even though }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 he injury or change be occasioned partly, or even mainly, by the prog}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 ress or development of an exist}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ing disease if the work he is doing at or about the moment of the occurrence of the physiological injury or change contributes in any material degree to its occurrence. Moreover, this is none the less true though there may be no evidence of any s train or similar cause other than that arising out of the man}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s ordinary work." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The learned Magistrate referred to a number of cases which assisted the plaintiff and made a number of findings of fact but he made little reference to the evidence before him. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 There was no post mortem and the deceased was dead before any doctor was able to examine him. While the Magistrate in his judgment summarised the evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 witnesses he did not refer to such evidence when making certain f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 dings of fact. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 As an example after stating he had given careful consideration to all the evidence he stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 "On the evidence before me I am satisfied that the workman met with an accident resulting in death and this arose out of and in the course of his employment." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 There was evidence given by the decea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s wife that on the day }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 death the deceased appeared to be in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 good health when he went to work at about 7.30 a.m. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Then there was the evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 co-worker who testified as to the work the deceased was doing when he was taken ill, collapsed and died within a very short time of feeling ill. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Mr Vishok Prasad a medical assistant who examined the deceased about an hour after he died was unable to say how death could have been caused. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 r Samesi Savou a medical officer wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 called to give evidence. He first treated the deceased when he was admitted to Sigatoka Hospital on the 15th March, 1978. The deceased was then suffering from diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease (I.H.D.)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 .}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The deceased was then in hospital for 3 weeks. The doctor had access to the medical records }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 deceased which indicated the deceased came back for further treatment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 He saw the deceased on the day he died when his body was brought}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 to the Sigatoka hospital. He was satisfied from his examination that the cause of the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s death was a heart attack. He issued a death certificate that the deceased had died of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 myocardial infraction and diabetes mellitus. The Magistrate accepted that evidence although it represented the doctor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s opinion based on what he wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 told and his knowledge of the man}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s history. In the absence }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ny other conflicting evidence the Magistrate in view }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 other evidence before him was entitled to accept the doctor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s evidence. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The doctor was asked whether a man lying down and working upwards whether that could cause a heart attack. The doctor who appreciated the questions were in connection with the deceased}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s death said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid15794450 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 "Would not advise him to do that. If he did that and died that could be cause of death." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8337379 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 The doctor agreed the deceased with I.H.D. could have died at any time. He stood by his opinion that the deceased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8337379\charrsid8337379 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 s work had accelerated his death. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 r Uma Rao, who had never seen or examined the decea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 ed, was called to explain what ischaemic heart disease wa}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 s.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 Her evidence which consisted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 of presentation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 of a}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 paper on the subject is interesting but of very little evidential value. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 It did assist however when the doctor in her statement mentioned that there is a two stage process in the progress of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 I.H.D. resulting in death. First there is the narrowing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7762042 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 arteries which takes place slowly and can take several or many years to develop. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid8337379 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6647470 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 There was evidence which the Magistrate accepted indicating that the deceased's collapse and death occurred as a result of the work on which he was eng}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 ged. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 \par Notwithstanding the history of his heart disease, on the authorities quoted his death was due to an accident arising out of his employment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 The Magistrate was correct in so }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1641110 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 olding and accordingly the appeal is dismissed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 . \par \par I }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 do not know how the Magistrate was able to determine the compensation payable as there appears not to be any evidence on which he could have made his assessment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 There was a letter produced written by Mr. S. Ali for the Permanent Secretary for Labour purporting to work out the compensation. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 It was}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 accepted as an exhibit but no evidence was led to establish the claim. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 e figures are suspect as they show the deceased's gross weekly earnings as being \'a3508.33 or $26,433.16 per annum. The total compensation payable is shown by the sum $508.33 x 208 =}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 $24,400.48. The answer to that sum is not $24,400.48 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 ut $105,732.64. $24,400.48 di}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 vided by 208 does make the weekly su m of $117.31 which the appellant in its answer did not admit was the weekly wage. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1641110 However, the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 appellant has not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 challenged}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 the Magistrate's figure of $12,000 and accordingly I ignore the errors in the only financial evidence before the Magistrate. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941\charrsid6647470 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 The appeal is dismissed with costs to the respondent. \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6246941 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6647470\charrsid6647470 Appeal dismissed. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15094945\charrsid8337379 \par }}