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\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid6433074 [1982] 28 FLR 86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid272688 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid10757852 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid10757852 Criminal Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid3034065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid5864044 v.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 REDDY CONSTRUCTION COMPANY AND }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid3034065 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 FLETCHER ORGANISATION FIJI LTD.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid3034065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 [COURT OF A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 P}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 PEAL}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Marsack, J.A., Spring, J.A., Speight, J.A.]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Criminal Law}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Employment Act s.6}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044 1}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 (4)}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 two limbs}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 first no needing prior}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 notification. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Date of Hearing: 8 July 1982 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Delivery of Judgment: 23 July 1982 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 D. J. Thorley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  for the Appellant 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 B. C}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8666239 . }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Patel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  for the Respondents 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Appeal by the Director of Public Prosecutions against the quashing by the Supreme Court of Fiji of a conviction in the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s Court at Labasa on 12 March, 1982 entered against the respondent companies. The appeal is confined to questions of law. 
\par 
\par Respondents trading as Reddy Fletcher Construction were engaged in construction work, erecting a steel bin 90}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8666239 X}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 60}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  with a flat }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 roof which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  had}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  been completed by 27 May 1980.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 An employee of appellants aged 15 years with a fellow employee was removing sheets }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 of roofing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 iron from the bin, filling sprinkler pipes, and replacing the sheets. The removal of the sheets caused gaps in the roof. The first mentioned employee after removing a sheet, fell }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
hrough the resulting gap about 60}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  to his death. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Arising out of these facts respondents were charged with the offences of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3034065 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid6569708 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 " ......... Employing a young person in a dangerous s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044 ituation contrary to section 61
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (1) and (4) and section 98 of the Employment Act (Cap. 92) (the Act)." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Particulars were supplied. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 At the hearing respondents called no evidence. They were convicted and fined $100 each. They appealed to the Supreme }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 Court on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 the basis that the learned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  had failed to consider s.61(1) and s.61(4) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 of the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Employment Act Cap. 92. s.61 read}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044 "61(1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ) No child }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 or young}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  person shall be employed in any employment which in the opinion of the proper authority is injurious to health, dangerous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  or is othe}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 rw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ise unsuitable. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
(2) No person shall, after being notified in writing by the proper authority that the kind of work upon which a child or young person is employed is injurious to his health, dangerous, or otherwise unsuitable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  continue so to employ him. Such notification may be made generally or in any particular case. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (3) Where any employment is discontinued under the provisions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
of subsection}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  (2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5864044 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  such discontinuance sha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ll be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ithout prejudice to the right }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 child or young person to be paid such wages as he may have earned up to the date of such discontinuance under the terms of the contract of service. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (4) Any person who employs any child }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 or young}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  person in any employment which is injurious to health}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  dangerous, or is otherwise unsuitable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  or who c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
ntinues to employ any young person in any work concerning which he has been notified by the proper authority that it is injurious to health, dangerous, or otherwise unsuitable, shall commit an offence against this Act." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par The Supreme Court quashed the conviction stating that the "Proper Authority" (P.A.) constituted under the Act was charged with the responsibility of inspecting the construction works of the Fiji Sugar Co. Mill; its written opinion
 that the work was dangerous and unsuitable for young persons should have been communicated to the respondents before the accident occurred. S.61(1), (2), (4) and s.82 and 84 and 85 were the only sections which imposed duties and conferred powers upon the
 (P.A.). The court said s.61(1) was declaratory, authorising prohibition of employment but without having an offence provision. S.61(2) empowers the P.A. to issue a prohibition in any particular case. The second limb of s.61(}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12281541 4}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ) contained the offence provision for s.61 (2). The subsections are distinct from each other. S .61 (1) contains two offence provisions. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 : In a prosecution under the first limb of s.61(4) it need not be shown as a condition precedent that the P.A. ha
d declared and notified the employer concerned that employment of a young person was dangerous. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The reference to s.61(1) in the charge was a "slip", the offence was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 against the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 first limb of s.61(4). No prejudice was caused by the slip. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Appeal upheld. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Fines re-imposed. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Cases Referred to: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid8666239\charrsid8666239 Canada Sugar Refining Co v R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid8666239 [1898] AC }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 735. 

\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Attorney-}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid6433074 General for}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074  Ca}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid6433074 na}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 
da v Hallet}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid6433074 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074  & Carey Ltd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10230513 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid10230513 1952}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10230513 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid10230513  AC 427.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074 Prince Ernest }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid6433074 of Hanover}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid6433074  v Attorney-General}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3034065 
[1957] AC 436}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid7419514 SPRING, Judge of Appeal.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6433074 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid10230513 Judgment of the Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 This appeal is brought by the Director}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 f Public}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Prosecutions against the quashing by the Supre}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of Fiji}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  on 12th March 19}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 8}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 2 }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  conviction entered against the respondent companies by the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s Court sitting at Labasa o
n the 23rd February 1981. This appeal is confined to questions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 f law}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  by virtue }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  provisions of section 22(}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ) Court of Appeal Act (Cap. 120). The facts are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 follows. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid15287653 The respondents are construction companies engaged in construction }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid15287653 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid15287653 ork in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Fiji and at the material time were trading as Reddy Fletcher}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Contractors engaged in the erection }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 large bin at the Fiji Sugar Company}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s mill at Labasa. The bin was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 about}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 ninety feet in diameter and about sixty feet in depth and had a flat }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074\charrsid4665801 roof which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  complete}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2166350 d at the time of the accident.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par 
\par Mohammed Haroon Buksh (hereafter called the deceased) was employed by appellants; he was aged 15 years and 10 months at the time }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  death. A subcontractor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  employed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  respondents was engaged in placing sprinkler pipes under the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 roof of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074  the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  bin which was effected by removing the sheets }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 roofing iron; fitting the sprinkler pipes and replacing the iron sheets. The deceased and a fellow worker, Sita Ram}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  were employed in removing these sheets }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
of iron}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  fro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the roof. When the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
sheets of iron were removed large gaps were left in the roof; electric screw drivers were used by the deceased and his fellow employee to remove the sheets }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 of roofing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 iron. On 27th May 1980 the deceased after removingf a sheet of roofing iron fell through the resulting gap in the roof to his death}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 a distance of about 60 feet. The charge as amended brought against appellant reads: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li2200\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2200\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid490527 "Amended Charge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par (Complainant }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514\charrsid4665801 Public}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Officer)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li2200\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2200\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid490527 Statement }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid490527 of Offence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 (a) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Employing a young }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
erson in a dangerous situation contrary to section 61 (1) and (4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 nd section 98 of the Employment Act Cap. 92
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li2200\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2200\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid490527 Particulars}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid490527  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid490527 of Offence}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  (b)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Reddy Construction Co. Lt
d and Fletcher Organisation of Fiji Ltd. trading as Reddy Fletcher Contractors at Labasa in the Northern Division did on 27/5/80 employ a young person namely Mohammed Haroon Buksh (s/o Rasul Buksh) in a dangerous situation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  having regard to the lack of safety precaution relative to the said employee}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s age and experience and the altitude}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  place and type of work the said employee was required to do." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par The respondents called no evidence. The learned Magistrate after hearing the prosecution }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 itnesses convicted the respondents and fined each }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 m the sum of $100. The respondents appealed to the Supreme Court against these convictions upon the grounds (inter alia) that the learned Magistrate had failed to consider and interpret sections 61(}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ) and 61(4) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Employment Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 that there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  was no evidence that the opinion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  proper auth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 or}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ity}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  as required under the Employment Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 to the effect that the deceased was employed in a dangerous situation had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 notified}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 to the respondents. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The appeal to the Supreme Court and this Court turned on the correct interpretation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 
of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Employment Act (Cap. 92) and it will be convenient to set}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  out the relative provisions.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15287653 "61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
(1) No child or young person shall be employed in any employment which in the opinion of the proper authority is injurious to health, dangerous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  or is otherwise }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 unsuitable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (2) No person shall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  after }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 being}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  notified in writing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 the proper authority that the kind of work upon which a child or young person is employed is injurious to his health, dangerous, or otherwise unsuitable, continue so to employ him. Such notification may be made generally or in any }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 particular}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  case. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (3) Where any employment is discontinued under the provisions of su}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 section (2), such discontinuance shall be without prejudice to the right of the child or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 young}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 person to be paid such wages as he may have earned up to the date of such discontinuance under the terms of the contract of service. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid2166350 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (4) Any person who employs any child or young person in any }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 emplo}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 ment which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  is injurious to health}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 dangerous,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  or is otherwise }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 unsuitable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 , o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 r who continues to employ any young person in any work concerning }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  he has been notified by the proper authority that it is injurious to health, dangerous, or otherwise unsuitable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  shall commit an offence against this Act."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Supreme Court in allowing the appeal, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 quashing the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 convictions and remitting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  fines stated that the "proper authority" constituted under the Employment Act was charged with the responsibility }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 of inspecting}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the construction works at the Fiji Sugar Co. mill; and further that its written opinion that the work the deceased was doing at the time }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  death was dangerous and unsuitable for young persons should have been communicated to the respondents before t
he accident occurred. An extract from the judgment of the Supreme Court reads: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid14365512 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
"It seems to me and here I would agree with counsel for appellants that the statutory prohibitions concerning the employment of young persons in dangerous or unsuitable work under section 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 1 coul}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 d o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 nly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  become the subject }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 of criminal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  charges }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 if the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  proper authority had notified the appellants beforehand }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 of its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 opinion that the work they were doing at the F.S.C. Mill was dangerous and unsuitable for the employment of young persons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419514  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
...... Under section 61 and having regard to the definition of proper authority}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 the officials comprising the proper authority were meant to play a fully active role in implementing and enforcing the various provisions of the Employment Act. A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 ll}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  this lea
ds me to the conclusion that under the scheme }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Act it is the proper authority who are charged with the responsibility to inspect construction works amongst other types of work and to decide }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 whether it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 would be dangerous for young persons to work in them or no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
... For the reasons I have given I am of the opinion that before any charges could be laid and prosecuted under section 61(4) it must first be shown that the proper authority had declared and notified the employers concerned that a particular wor
k or class of work was dangerous for the purpose of employing young persons." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The Director}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
Public Prosecutions now appeals to this Court upon the following grounds: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5406387 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6377308  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
The learned Judge erred in law in coming to the opinion that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837 - }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 "before any cha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 rges could }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e laid}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837  and prosecuted under section 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  (4) it must first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e shown that the proper authority had declared and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 notified}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 the employers concerned that a particular work or class of work was dangerous for the purpose of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527\charrsid4665801 employing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837  young persons"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6377308  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e learned Jud}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  erred in law in failing to fully and/or properly consider the plain }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 word}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ing of section 61 of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 he Employment Act Ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  92. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 3.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6377308  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The learned Judge erred in law in fai}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837 li}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ng to apply prop}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 rly or at all any rules of statutory interpretation and construction." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Mr Thorley for the Crown submitted: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5838249\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3034065 ) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 That the wording }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Employment Act was clear and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 unambiguous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  and that subsections (1) and (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61 were separate and that each subsection was independent of the other. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
) That subsection 61(4) created 2 separate offences}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  that the respondents were properly charged and convicted under the first limb }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
of subsection}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  (4) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  6l. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5406387 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
) That the Supreme Court was in error in concluding that the respondents could only become the subject of criminal charges if the proper authority had notified the respondents prior to the accident of his opinion that the work was dangerous. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par Mr Patel for respondents submitted: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3034065  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13779600 Tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 t the prosecution was brought under section 61(1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 the section specifically referred to in the charge; and that section 61(4) was the penalty section. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid5838249 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
(2) That if the prosecution was to succeed on the charge as laid it was incumbent upon the prosecution to prove that the proper authority had previously 
declared and notified the respondents that the work was dangerous; this was a condition precedent before the legal sa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 nc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 tion could be invoked against the respondents. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par The learned Magistrate after hearing evidence from the prosecution witnesses and viewing the scene of the accident found that the conditions under which the deceased was working were extremely dangerous. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 It is necessary to examine the provisions of the Employment Act (Cap. 92). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The preamble to the Act reads: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid14974298 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 "An Act to provide for the control of conditions of employment." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The Act is divided into 13 parts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16411837 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Part VIII comprising sections 57 to 73 (both inclusive) deals with the employment of women; young persons and children. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid14974298 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 A "child" is defined as a person who has not attained the age of 15 years. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14974298 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid14974298 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 A "young person" is defined as a person of or over the age of 15 and under the age of 18 years. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Section 59 provides (inter alia) that no children under the age of 12 years shall be employed in any capacity. Section 63 provides that no child shall be employed in an industrial undertaking}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  - }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 the latter term being defined as including mines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  quarries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  factories}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  reducti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 n mills and other works for the winning of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 inerals from the sea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  rivers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  etc .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the definition is lengt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  and includes very many other types }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of industry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 public}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  utilities. Section 67 contains a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 prohibition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  against employing a young person in an underground mine without a medical certificate. Section 64 sets out the hours of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ork for children and young persons. Section 62 prohi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 its children and young persons }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 being}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  employed against the wishes of the parent or guardian. Section 65 imposes restrictions on employment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of women}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  and you}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ng persons on night work. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The Act defines "Proper Authority" as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
"the Permanent Secretary or any other person or persons appointed by him for the carrying into effect of this Act or any Part or provision thereo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 An examination }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Act discloses that sections 44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61(1)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 61(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 61(4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 82}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 , 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 84 and 8}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  appear to be the only sections which impose duties and c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
fer powers upon the "proper authority". }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 In construing a statute it is necessary to ascertain the intentions of Parliament. Lord Radcliffe in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 Atto}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 ey-General for Canada v. Hal}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 l}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 e}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 t}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 t & Carey L}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 d.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  [1952] A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12934839 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 C. 427 at p. 449 said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid14974298 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 There are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 many}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  so-called rules of construction that courts of law have resorted to in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 interpretation of statutes but the paramount rule remains that every statute is to be expounded according to its ma}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 nifest and expressed intention."}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Sir Raymond Evershed M.R. in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 Prince E}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 est }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4937249 
of Hanover}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249  v. Atto}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4937249 ey-Genera}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  [1956] Ch. 188, at p. 201 and: }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid3036749 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 As is stated in the first sentence of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784  M}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 axwe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ll}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  on the Interpretation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of Statutes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 .... the fundamental rule of interpretation to which all others are subordinate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  is that a statute is to be expounded according to the intent of them that made it}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Bearing these principles in mind we turn to consider section 61 of the Act. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 It is clear section 61(4) creates an offence where any person employes any child or young person in any employment which is injurious to health}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  dangerous or is otherwise unsuitable. The second limb of section 61(4) creates an offence where a person continues to employ any young person in any work concerning which he has been notified by the pro
per authority that it is injurious to health}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  dangerous or otherwise unsuitable.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
It is to be noted that under the second limb the Court does not make its own assessment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of danger}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 the offence is proved by proving disregard of the notification. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The requirement of notification by the proper authority is omitted from the offence created under the first limb of section 61(4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 the question arises whether a Court can }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 determine}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the issue }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 whether the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 employment is dangerous or is otherwise unsuitable notwithstanding the omission }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  words "in the opinion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 proper authority"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 whether the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  opinion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  proper authority is essential for the success of the prosecution. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Section 61(1) is declaratory and authorises the proper authority to prohibit
 the employment of children and young persons in such occupations which in its opinion may be injurious to health, dangerous or otherwise unsuitable. This subsection contemplates that the proper authority may declare this prohibition in respect of employm
ent presently available or which may be available in the future. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The subsection}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  however}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  is left without an exact offence provision. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 Section 61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (2) empowers the proper authority in a particular case to issue a specific prohibition in any pa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 rt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
icular case directing an employer that he shall no longer continue to employ a young person in the kind }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 of work}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  that he is so engaged upon which in the opinion }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  proper authority is dangerous. The second limb of section 61(4) contains the offence provision in respect}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249\charrsid4665801 
of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61(2). When the section are analysed i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249 t i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
s apparent that they are quite independent of each other and in our view their independence must be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 maintained as they contain separate and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4937249  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 distinct }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 prohibitions}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  We}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 o}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 not agree}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 that there is any conflict between section 61(1) and section 61(2) as submitted by Mr Pate}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par We reject the argument advanced by Mr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  P}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 atel that in a prosecution under the fi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 rst limb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 of section 61(4) it must first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e shown as a condition precedent that the proper authority had declared and notified the employers concerned that the emp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 l}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 oyment of a child or young person therein was dangerous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 .
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Section 61(4) clearly contains two separate offence provision. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Section 61(4) is not the penal section as Mr Patel submitted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the penal section is section 99. 
\par 
\par Secti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ns 59, 60, 63}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  64 and 65 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Act relate to the employment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 of children}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  and young persons and impose various restrictions as to hours and times }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 of employment}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  and each section has an offence provision expressed in the following terms: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid8862770 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 "Any person who employs any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784  child or young person in contr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 avention of the provisions of this section shall commit an offence against the Act." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Section 61(4) does not provide that it is an offence for a person to act in contravention }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  provisions }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784  61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 or section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784  61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (2)
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the draftsman has spelt }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  out in section 61(4) in clear and unequivocal language two separate offences}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  The words "in contravention }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  provisions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 of this}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  section" do not appear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 - }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 nor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 do the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 words "in the opinion of the proper authority" appear in relation to the offence created by the first limb }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 of section}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61(4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11940784 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 our opinion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  this omission is }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 deliberate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 . If such words had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  included then the "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 
proper authority}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 " would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e vested with the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
ower of deciding whether an employment was dangerous rather than the matter being left to the Court to decide in an objective manner upon the evidence. In our}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
iew this wording accords with justice and common sense. One could conjure up}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 many sets of circumstances where it would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e quite wrong for the opinion of the proper authority to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e the sole criterion as to the commission }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 n offence against the first limb of section 61(4). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 If the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Legisl
ature had intended that the words "in the opinion of the proper authority" should be imported into the first limb of section 61(4) then it would have been a simple matter}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 for}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 the Legislature to have said so}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  The question as to whether an offence is comitted under the first }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2561748\charrsid4665801 limb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  of section 61(4) must}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  in our view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  be left to the Court to decide. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Further}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 , if}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Mr Pate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 l'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s argument was correct then the wording of section}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936  61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 (4) is superfluous}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  ver}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
ose and unnecessarily complicated and sections 61(1) and 61(2) in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 their present}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  form would be unnecessary. The section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  are separate and distinct and this construction accords with the proposition that Parliament must }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
e intended to mean every word of what has been written. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid14102958 Canada Sugar Refining Co. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid14102958 v}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid14102958 . Reginam}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 18}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 98] A.C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  735 at p. 741 Lord Davey said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid8862770 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 Every}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  clause }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  statute should }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e construed with reference to the context and the other clauses }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  so as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  so far as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
possible}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  to make a consistent enactment of the whole statute or se}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 ies of statutes relating to the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 subject}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  matter." 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 If one seeks to discern a legislative purpose underlying section 61 one is driven to conclude that the mischief at which Part VIII }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 Act is aimed is clearly to ensure the proper and adequate control and supervision of the employment of children and young persons in the changing pattern of industry and commerce. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The offence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 of which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the respondents were convicted flowed from the first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 limb}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  61(4) and we respectfully differ from the judgment of the Supreme Court when it stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid8862770 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 "For the reasons I have given I am }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 opinion that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 efore any char}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s could }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
e laid and prosecuted under section 61(4) it must first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e shown that the proper aut
hority had declared and notified the employers concerned that a particular work or class of work was dangerous for the purpose of employing young persons. In the present case no such declaration or notification to the appellants was made }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  proper auth
ority and consequently I am bound to hold that the conviction of the appellants under section 61(4) of the Act was misconceived and could not be sustained.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665801 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
\par We can see no room for applying the restrictive interpretation urged upon us by Mr Patel so as to cut down the plain meaning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  language in the first limb of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958  sec}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 tion 61(4) to make it accord with the supposedly limited legislative intent sought by him. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 The charge upon which respondents were convicted in the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s Court refers to section 61(1) and section 61(4) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  Employment Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  this was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 obviously}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  a slip on the part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433074 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  draftsman. No embarrassment or prejudice was caused to the respondents }{\f0\fs24\insrsid490527 by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  reference to section 61(1) in the amended charge nor could such a claim be made}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  the particul
ars of the offence which accompanied the statement of offence showed clearly that the charge, the respondents had to meet, was an offence under the first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 limb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
 of section 61(4). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 Accordingly, we allow the appeal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801  affirm the convictions and impose the same fines as were entered in the Magistrate}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid4665801 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 s Court at La}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 asa }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 
ut order that reference to section 61(1) of the Employment Act }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11627936 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid4665801 e deleted from the particulars of the conviction recorded against the respondents. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid4665801 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid14102958 Appeal allowed. Conviction a}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14102958\charrsid14102958 nd }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid14102958 sentence of the Magistrate}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4665801\charrsid14102958 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14567864\charrsid14102958 s Court re-affirmed. 
\par }}