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.}} {\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 \f41\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 { \f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 [1981] 27 FLR 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 COURT OF APPEAL}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10976221\charrsid10976221 }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10976221 OF FIJI}{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 THE }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 ATTORNEY}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 -GENERAL \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 v.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7613105 {\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 EMPEROR GOLD MINING COMPANY LIMITED \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 [COURT OF }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid7173358 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 PPEAL}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11863027 ,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1928979 Gould, V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 .P., Marsack, J.A., Spring, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 .A.] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 G. Grimmett}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid11236235 for the Appellant.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 Si}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 r}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 John Falvey}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 ,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 Q}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid551967 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 C. and W Morgan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 for the Respondent. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Date of Hearing: 24th March, 1981. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Date }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid7173358 of Judgment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 : 4th April, 1981. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967\charrsid7173358 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 Trade dispute}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 referral }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 by}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 Minister to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 Tribunal}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 entitled without consent of}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 pa}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 rt}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 ies where essential service "involved"}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 "involves"}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 reviewal of Ministerial decision}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid551967 principles guiding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Appeal by Attorney-General of Fiji against an answer (No. 1) given by the Supreme Court to questions submitted for ruling by Emperor Gold Mining Company Limited. \par \par The questions which had been submitted and the answers given are set out below. It is against the first answer that the appeal was brought}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12415624 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) Question: Whether the Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Immigration acted within the powers conferred on him by paragraph (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) of subsection 2 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of Section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 f the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Trade Disputes Act}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 1973 when he authorised the Permanent Secretary for Labour, I ndustrial Relations and Immigration to refer a trade dispute existing between the National Union of Mine Workers and the Plaintiff to a Tribunal when the great majority of the employees involved in the trade dispute were not engaged in an essential servic e. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Answer: No, but not for the reason }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 put forward by the plaintiff.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid12415624 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) Question: }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 Whether the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 powers conferred by paragraph (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid12415624 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 6(2) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973 are exercisable only in respect }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 section of the industry which comprises essential workers. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Answer: Usually but not necessarily as the powers may be exercised where the dispute involves both essential and ordinary workers if}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 an essential}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ser}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 vice is involved.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Facts leading to the litigation were stated by the Court thus: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The facts may be briefly stated. The respondent is a gold mining company }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 operating}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a gold mine at Vatukoula and in April, 1980, was employing approximately 927 persons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 comprising 707 hourly paid workers and 220 salaried staff. According to the affidavit of Varma Nand of Suva Acting Principal Labour Officer in the Ministry of Labour there was a dispute between the National Union of Mine}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Workers (hereinafter called the Union) and the respondent, regarding the recognition by the respondent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 right }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union, for the purposes of collective bargaining to negotiate with the respondent the terms and conditions of employment of persons who were voting members of the Union. This dispute it was claimed}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Ministry of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Labour}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a trade dispute within the meaning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of section}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 2 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Trade Disputes Act 1973 (hereinafter called the Act). The Union had invoked the provisions of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Trade Unions Recognition Act 1976 and referred the disagreement over recognition to the Permanent Secretary for Labour who au thorised an investigation which revealed that 60.32 per centum of the employees at the Gold Minin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624 g Company were eligible for mem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 bership }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12415624\charrsid7173358 of the} {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union. Upon these figures the Union was clearly entitled to recognition. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li142\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin142\itap0\pararsid12264844 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid11697052 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On or about 24th April, 1980,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775065 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 296 employees }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 respondent withdrew their labour and included in this number were 25 persons employed in an essential service at the mine. The total number employed by the respondent in an essential service was 100. "Essential Service" is defined in the Act as: }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \qj \li142\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin142\itap0\pararsid11697052 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx426\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 " }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential service}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 means }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 any service}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 , by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 whomsoever}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 rendered and whether rendered to the Government or to any other person, which is specified in the Schedule to this Act." }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li142\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin142\itap0\pararsid11236235 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5131995 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Included in the list of essential services in the Schedule to the Act is "Mine Pumping Ventilation and Winding." }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11236235 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Matters additional to those before the trial Judge and available on appeal included }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 that on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 25 April}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 1980 the National Secretary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Fiji Trades Union Congress (FTUC) wrote to all affiliated unions urging the application of "black bans" on the operati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ns of the respondent. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 5 May}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 1980 Compulsory Recognition Order (No. 4) 1980 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s mad}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 with effect provided in Trade Disputes Act 1973 S.3. Nevertheless the St}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 kers d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 i}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 d not return to work. Logs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of claims}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 were submitted to each by Union and the respondent respectively on 9 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ay and 19 May, 1980. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 26 May, 1980 the Industria}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 l }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Relations Officer }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union wrote to the Permanent Secretary of Labour (PSL) advising of the existence of a Trade Dispute }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 between}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Union and the respondent. He also conveyed therein various unspecified threats }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of future}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 action. A further letter of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 2}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 0 May 1980 indicated that the Union would support employees in essential services striking with a p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 oss}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ible threats thereafter}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to the whole industry. On 29 May 1980}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the P.S.L. wrote to the Union advising his acceptance of the notice and that he} {\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was appointing a conciliator}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Senior }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Officer of Lautoka. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The efforts of the conciliator ended in failure. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 6 June, 1980 pursuant to the Act s.6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid14764159 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) the Minister authorised the Permanent Secretary to refer the trade dispute to a Tribunal on the ground that it involved an essential service. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 By}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 6 June}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 1980}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 293 workers (29 of these were engaged in an essential service) were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 sti }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ll}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 on strike}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 but it was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 un}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 derstood, returned}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 work on that day. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 18 June, 1980 the Minister made an order prohibiting, with effect from 20 June, 1980 continuance }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 declared unla}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 wfu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 l therefrom any lockout in respect of the trade dispute. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Arbitration proceedings commenced on 17 June 1980, but no award was made. Thereafter the trade dispute was not a live issue. At the hearing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 of this}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 appeal further evidence was consented to. The Court summarised the grounds of appeal thus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 \endash }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "(1) The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 learned Judge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 misdirected himself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 nd erred in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 law and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 in fact in that he determined matters which were not in issue, took into account matters of fact which were not proved or supported by the evidence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (2) that the learned Judge was in error in concluding on 6th June, 1980, that the trade dispute referred to a Tribunal did not involve an essential service. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (3) that the learned Judge was in error in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14764159\charrsid7173358 concluding}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 that section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid14764159 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) must be read with and as an integral part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of sections}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 3, 4,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 5 and 6(1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Trade Disputes Act and }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Labour}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 exceeded his powers in exercising his discretion by referring the dispute to a tribunal for compulsory arbitration pursuant to section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 b} {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 )." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 Held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 : As to the first ground the court found itself in a difficult position in that there was no record of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 what}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was said before the trial Judge who had heard the matter in Chambers; though it did appear he may have been in error on some matter. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 As to the second ground, the Minister had to take into account facts and factors which might bear on those facts. 25% of the essential workers were on strike, the other remained }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 at work}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 There was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 also the threat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 further}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 industrial strike with the threatened continuation of withdrawal of labour by essential workers in other essential services. The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 Minister was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 entitl ed to take into account the threats in exercising his discretion. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Court also said on this topic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 \endash \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "We remind ourselves that the Supreme Court was asked to review not the exercise of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 judicial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15025230 but a ministerial decision...}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 We are }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 opinion that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 if the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 task }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 Court is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 re}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 exercise of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s discretion it is necessary for the Court to have before it the existence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of facts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 upon which that discretion has been exercised. The evaluation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of those}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 facts will }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of course}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 be for the Minister alone to determine, but the Court is entitled to examine in such detail as it sees fit the surrounding facts to inquire whether those facts }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 exist}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ; whether they have been taken into account; whether there has been a proper }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 self direction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 as to those facts, whether the discretion has not been exercised on other facts which ought not to have been taken into}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 account. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 If these}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 requirements are not met then the exercise of the discretion is capable of challenge". }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Where the Minister had acted lawfully within his discretion and had been guided by principles set out e.g. in }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 Padfield v. Minister }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid12268082 of Agriculture}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (1968) 1 All E.R 694, the Court will not interfere even though the Court may disagree with the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 exercise}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of the discretion. The Minister in this case adopted a view of the facts which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 could reasonably be entertained and was justified in coming to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 the conclusion }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 that the dispute between the Union and the respondent did involve an essential }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 service}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . In construing the word "involve in s.6(2)} {\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid12268082 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 Act the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 learned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 tria}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 Judge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 adopted a narrow or restricted interpretation. See per contra}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 re A}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid12268082 rn}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 old: ex pa}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid12268082 rte}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12268082 Hext}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (1914) 3 K.B. 1078. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Contrary to the view }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Judge }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 of first}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 instance the Minister may authorize the Permanent Secretary to refer the dispute to a Tribunal where the dispute involved an essential service whether or not he had first sought the consent of the parties or whether or not they had consented or the dispute has been reported. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The intention of the legislature stemmed from fears that grave consequences may result from industrial upheaval in essential service or services. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Answer to question 1 should be Yes. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Answer to question 2 was not challenged. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Appeal allowed with costs in this Court to the Appellant. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Cases referred to: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Secret}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 ary of S}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 tate}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 for Employment v. Associated Society of}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Locomotive}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Engin}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 eers' }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 and Firemen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (No. 2) (1972) }{\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid139200\charrsid139200 2 All ER }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 949. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Grey v. Pe}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 ars}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (1857) 6 }{ \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid139200\charrsid139200 HL}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Case 61. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 re A}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 old ex p}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 arte }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Hext}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (1914) 3 K.B. 1078. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 P}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 ad}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 field v. Minister }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 of Agriculture}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 } {\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid139200 [1968] 1 All ER }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 694}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10976221 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12268082\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 SPRING, Justice of Appeal.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid9796133 Judgment of the Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Emperor Gold Mining Co. Ltd. (hereinafter called the respondent) issued an originating summons out of the Supreme Court of Fiji at Suva seeking a ruling on two questions namely: \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (a) Whether the Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Immigration acted within the powers conferred on him by paragraph (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 subsection 2 of Section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act 1973 when he authorised the Permanent Secretary for Labour, Industrial Relations and Immigration to refer a trade disp}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 te existing between the National Union of Mine Workers and the Plaintiff to a Tribuna l when the great majority of the employees involved in the trade dispute were not engaged in an essential service. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) Whether the powers conferred by paragraph (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid9796133 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) of section 6(2) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973 are exercisable only in respect }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid7173358 of that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 sect}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 ion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of the industry which comprises essential workers.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par On 3rd September, 1980, the Supreme Court answered the two questions as follows: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . No, but not for the reason put forward by the plaintiff. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . Usually but not necessarily as the powe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 rs may}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796133 be exercised where the dis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 pute inv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 lves both essential and ordinary workers }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 if an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential service is involved.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Attorney-General (hereinafter called the appellant) has appealed to this Court against the dete}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 rm}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ination by the Supreme Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 respect of the answer given to Question }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 1}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 above; the answer to question 2 is not challenged. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The facts may be briefly stated. The respondent is a gold mining company operating a gold mine at Vatukoula and in April, 1980, was employing approximately 927 persons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 comprising 707 hourly paid workers and 220 salaried staff. According to the affidavit of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Varma Nand of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Suva Acting Principal Labour Officer in the Ministry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Labour there was a dispute between the National Union of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Mine Workers (hereinafter called the Union) and the respondent, regarding the recognition by the respondent of the right of the Union, for the purposes of collective bargaining to negotiate with the respondent the terms and conditions of employment}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 persons who were voting members of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Union. This dispute it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was claimed by the Ministry of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was not a trade dispute within the meaning of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 section 2 of the Trade Dispute Act 1973 (hereinafter called the Act). The}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 } {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union had invoked the provisions of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Trade Unions Recognition Act 1976 and referred to disagreement over recognition to the Permanent Secretary for Labour who authorised an investigation which reve}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 led that 60.32 per centum }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 employees at the Gold Mining Co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 mpa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ny}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 wer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 eli}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 gi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ble }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 f}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 membership }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union. Upon these figures the Union }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 was clearly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 entitled to recognition. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On or about 24th April, 1980,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1146867 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 296 employees of the respondent withdrew their labour and included in this number were 25 persons employed in an essential service at the mi ne. The total number employed by the respondent in an essential service was 100. "Essential Service" is defined in the Act as: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential service}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 means any service, by whomsoever rendered and whether rendered to the Government or to any other person, which is specified in the Schedule to this Act." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Included in the list }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of essential}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 services in the Schedule to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 the Act}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 is "Mine Pumping Ventilation and Winding". }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 25th April, 1980, the National Secretary of the Fiji Trades Union Congress wrote to all affiliated unions urging the imposition of "black bans" on the operations of the respondent company. An extract from the National Secretary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s letter reads: }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "In the circumstances, in conformation of the decision of the Executive Committee, affiliates are now directed to take all immediate measures to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 apply a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 complete ban on all operations }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Emperor Gold Mine Company in particular,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1146867 its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1146867\charrsid7173358 administrative}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 services, fuel, banking, transport, postal and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 telecommunications}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 , exports and imports, loading and unloading, and the processing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of any goods or services." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In fairness to the learned Judge this letter was not before him as it was admitted as fresh evidence at the hearing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 appeal which we shall mention later; nevertheless as appears from his judgment the Judge was well aware of the threats of violence, the imposition of black bans and threatened complete withdrawal of labour. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4528282\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 5th May, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 980}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Compulsory Recognition Order (No. 4) 1980 was made and duly gazetted on the following day stating }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid5515448 inter alia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 : }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "It}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 is hereby declared that the Union is entitled to recognition by the employer under section 3 of the Act.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Despite the Union}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s success in obtaini}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 g recogn}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 tion the striking workers did not return to work. On 9th May, 1980, the U}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 nion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 subm}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 i}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 tted to respondent a log of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 clai}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ms. On 19th May, 1980, the respondent replied to the Union advising it was preparing a counter log }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of claims}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 and that it wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 concerned about the welfare }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of its}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 employees. The Union had all along been blaming the respondent for employing delaying tactics in dealing with the log of claims; relations between the respondent and the Union worsened. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In his letter of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 26th May, 1980, Mr Smith the Industrial Relations Officer }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union wrote to the Permanent Secretary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 of Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 advising the existence of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a trade dispute between the Union and the Company; the letter stated further: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The management,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 and in fact }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5515448\charrsid7173358 your Ministry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 seem unaware that things could develop where members/employees could resort to action that could not be in the best interests of all concerned. Where I have repeatedly restrained members from resorting to other action including picketing and even conside ring escalating the strike, I am no longer prepared to so continue. In fact, I have personally taken it upon myself to issue a Circular dropping a threat which I hope will provide some reaction, even }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 if not}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 in my favour personally, and upon return to Vatukoula }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 I }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 intend to consider seriously some }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 same proposals which have come from members. I have also reported this to the Fiji Trades Union Congress and believe that they will view the situation with the priority that it deserves." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Another letter was sent to the Ministry }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 by Mr Smith dated 26th May, 1980, which reads: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "We are concerned that their actions are now leading us to resort to support}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 in}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 g suggestions that employees in Essential Services should come out on strike in view }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of management's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 actions. Further, this week seems to be a stage where we will no longer be able to prevent actions by striking members to escalate the action which could mean serious threats to the whole country. The Company seems to be totally unaware that a divided strike could really be a planned one in which they alone could suffer under should some of those who are supposedly on their side and working, resort to action that could bring things to a standstill." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Permanent Secretary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 wrote to the Union and the respondent on the 29th May, 1980 advising his acceptance }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 trade dispute notice and informing them of the appointment of a conciliator. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 On 30th May, 1980, the Senior Labour Officer at Lautoka wrote to the respondent and the Union advising h e had been appointed a conciliator by the Permanent Secretary and requested their attendance at a conciliation meeting scheduled for 2nd June, 1980; the respondent failed to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 appear at}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the meeting and relations between the respondent and the Union became more strained. Further attempts at conciliation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Permanent }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 Secretary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ended in failure. On 6th June, 1980, the Minister, pursuant to section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid2703505 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act authorised the Permanent Secretary to refer the trade dispute to a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 Tribunal}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 on the grounds that the trade dispute involved an essential service. On 6th June, 1980,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 293 workers employed by the respondent Company including 24 workers engaged in an essential service were still on strike. We understand all the employees }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 eturned to work on or about 6t h June, 1980. On 18th June, 1980, the Minister made an order prohibiting, with effect from 20th June, 1980, the continuance of, and declared unlawful from that date, any lockout in connection with the trade dispute. The arbitration proceedings commenced o n 17th June, 1980, but it does not appear that any award was made and in the circumstances it would appear none was necessary as all the workers were back in full employment with the respondent company. We understand from the Bar that the trade dispute is no longer a live issue as between the respondent and the Union and that there are no outstanding issues calling for determination between them. Appellant, however, on behalf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 f}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the Minister challenges the determination made by the learned Judge in the Supreme Court in r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3297272 espect of Question 1 above and }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 has appealed to this Court. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Counsel for appellant applied for leave under the Rules }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Court (22(2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 ))}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to adduce further factual evidence by way of affidavit designed to pro ve that the learned Judge had reached conclusions on fact which were unsupported by the evidence and that he had dealt with issues which were not before him. Sir John Falvey, Q.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . Counsel for respondent did not oppose the application and intimated he did not wish to furnish affidavits in reply. Leave was granted and three affidavits were furnished. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The grounds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of appeal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 consist of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 3 subheadings alleging errors }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of law}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 errors of law and fact and mis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3297272 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 direction on the part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 learned Judge. We do not propose to deal seriatim with each of the 33 grounds of appeal. We have summarised the grounds of appeal as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (l) The learned Judge misdirected himself and erred in law and in fact in that he determined matters which were n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 t in issue, took into acc ount matters of fact which were not proved or supported by the evidence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (2) That the learned Judge was in error in concluding on 6th June, 1980, that the trade dispute referred to a Tribunal did not involve an essential service. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1383568 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (3) That the learned Judge was in error in concluding that section 6(2)(}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid2703505 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) must be read with and as an integral part}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 sections 3,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 4,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 5 and 6(}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Trade Disputes Act and that the Minister }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 exceeded his powers in exercising his discretion by referring the dispute to a tribunal for compulsory arbitration pursuant to section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid2703505 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par It is against this background of the facts that we turn to consider the first ground raised on this appeal. May we say at the outset that the facts of every trade dispute vary and will always vary from trade dispute to trade dispute. In this case the facts are somewhat unusual in that approximately one third }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 total work force at the Emperor Gold Mine went on strike}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 including therein about 25 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 100 persons engaged in an esse ntial service; the strikers remained on strike notwithstanding that recognition was accorded to the Union for the purposes of collective bargaining. The company continued to operate its business despite the fact that 296 workers had withdrawn their labour . The rest of the employees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 some 600}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 remained in full employment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In this appeal we remind ourselves that the Supreme Court was asked to review not the exercise of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a judicial, but a Ministerial discretion in an administrative matter. We are of the opinion that if the task of the Court is to review the exercise of a Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s discretion it is necessary for the Court to have before it the existence of facts upon which that discretion has been exercised. The evaluation of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 those facts will of course be fo r the Minister alone to determine, but the Court is entitled to exami}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 e in such d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 tail as it sees fit the surrounding facts to inquire whether those facts exist; whether they have been taken into account; whether there has been a proper self direction as to those facts, whether the discretion has not been exercised on other facts which ought not to have been taken into account. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 If these}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 requirements are not met then the exercise }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 discretion is capable of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 challenge.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2703505 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid14369784 Secretary }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid14369784 of State for Employment v. Associated Soci}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid14369784 ety}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid14369784 of Loc}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid14369784 omotive Engineers' and Firemen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (No. 2) (1972) 2 All E.R. 949, Lord Den}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 ni}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ng M. R. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6118507 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 id}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 p.967:} {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 This brings me to the important question: what is the effect }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 words }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 If it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 appears to the Secretary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 of State}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ? This, in my opinion, does }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 t}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 mean}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s decision is put beyond challenge. The scope available to the challenger depends very much on the subject-matter with which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 the Minister}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 is dealing. In this case I would think that, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 if the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Minister does not act in good faith, or }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 if he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 acts on extraneous considerations which ought not to influence him, or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 if he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 plainly misdirects }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 himself in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 fact or in law, it may well be that a court would interfere; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 but when}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 he honestly takes a view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the facts }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 or the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 law which could reasonably be entertained, then his decision is not to be set aside simply because thereafter someone thinks that his view was wrong." }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Some of the criticism levelled at the judgment in the Court below is that the learned Judge referred to factual matters which were not before him; that he found as a fact certain matters upon which there was no evidence that he went well beyond the limited question posed for determination; that neither counsel were invited to address him o n the issues and questions of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 fact which were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 utilised}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 by him in arriving at his answer to the question. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The Court is at a grave disadvantage in coming to a firm and positive con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 clusion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 on this matter. The hearing was in Chambers and the argu}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 ments advanced and subm}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 issions made by counsel are not recorded; a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 cording}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 l}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 this Court does not have the advantage of any record of the proceedings }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 before th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 e learne}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Judge.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 It}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 has nothing other than the pleadings, the affidavits filed and the exhibits thereto. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 However, our attention has been drawn by counsel for appellant to certain matters of complaint in support of this ground of appeal which we list as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid14369784 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) Counsel for appellant submitted that the learned Judge found that the respondent com pany reported the trade dispute to the Minister of Labour when there was no evidence to support this finding. It appears from the record that it was the Union and not the Company}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 which reported trade dispute to the Permanent Secretary for Labour in a letter dated 26th May, 1980, signed by J. V. Smith on behalf of the Union and exhibited to Varma Nand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s affidavit as Exhibit }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 and to this extent the learned Judge appears to have erred. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid14369784 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) That the learned Judge was in error when he found that the Permanent Secretary for Labour "had his Ministry carry out an investigation on 22nd April, 1980". \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par We have examined the record and it does appear that possibly the learned tr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 al Judge misunderstood the evidence as contained in Varma N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 a}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 nd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s affidavit }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 on this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 matt er. In a supplementary affidavit Varma Nand depose}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6118507 that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 investigation wa}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s carried out on 29th April, 1980, but the figur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s used }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 app}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 licable to 22}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid14369784 nd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 April, 1980. The complaint }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784\charrsid7173358 of counsel}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 for appell}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14369784 ant is that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6118507 the learned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 trial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Judge having found erroneously that the investigation was undertaken on 22nd April, 1980 went o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 n }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to criticise the Union and levelled charges against it that on the 24th April, 1980, }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 it was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 responsible for 296 workers going on strike the learned Judge proce eding on the assumption that the investigation was carried out on 22nd April, 1980. It would appear that the learned Judge was in error in coming to his conclusions herein. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid12452650 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) That the learned Judge had no evidence before him to support the statement "I believe it was pressure on the Union officials by striking miners who had been out}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 work for some weeks that was the cause }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 trouble and not delay by the Company". }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 It appears from the record that the Union complained to the Permanent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 Secretary by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 letter on at least two occasions of the delaying tactics of the respondent company in discussing the log of claims. We were unable to ascertain from the record either the existence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 or the source, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 information which was believed by the learned Judge and which is the subject of the above complaint. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 We do not propose to deal with or categorise the other matters of complaint raised by appellant under this ground of appeal. As stated there is no record as to what was said in the Judge}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s Chambers and it would be quite wrong for us to speculate thereon. We are satisfied, however, that the learned Judge was entitled}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 in fact, bound to go into the surrounding facts to ascertain what facts existed and upon which the Minister acted in making his Order on 6t h June, 1980. From an examination we have made of the matters referred to it appears, however, that to a limited extent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the learned Judge came to decisions on matters of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 fact}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 which were not supported by the record and to this limited extent the complaints of appellant are justified. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 However, in reaching this conclusion we stress again that the complete lack of record as to counsel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s submissions, arguments or discussions has placed this Court in a difficult position. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 We turn now to consider Ground 2 of the summarised grounds of Appeal: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (2) That the learned Judge was wrong in concluding that on 6th June, 1980, the trade dispute did not involve an essential service. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 We are advised that counsel were at all material ti mes in agreement that included among the employees of respondent who were on strike were persons engaged in an essential service. Further, it is we understand agreed that an essential service was in fact in operation at the respondent}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s Gold Mine at Vatuko ula. However, we understand that the respondent contended before the learned Judge that the trade dispute should not have been referred to compulsory arbitration pursu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 ant to Section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12452650 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act as the majority }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 workers at the Mine was not engaged in an essential service. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Sir John}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 Falvey urged that section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid12452650 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) dealt with a trade dispute which involved an essential service, not merely a person or persons engaged in that essential service. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Mr Grimmett counsel for appellant argued that the answer to question 1 should have been "Yes". Mr Grimmet contended that the log of claims filed by Union on behalf of Mine employees included those workers engaged in an essential service and in view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the fact that that log}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 claims could not be settled then it followed that the trade dispute involved an essential service albeit that the number of workers engaged in such service were very much in the minority. Further, that the Minister was entitled to have regard to the threats of the union that other w orkers in other essential services were likely to withdraw their labour in support }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 workers at the respondent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s Mine. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 It is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 necessary to remind ourselves }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 facts that were before the Minister and to decide whether the learned Judge in the Court below carefully appraised these facts which were evaluated by the Minister and upon which he exercised his discretion. The learned Judge stated }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 that there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was no evidence before him to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ndicate that the trade dispute involved an essential service. The affidavit sworn by Viliame Bale the respondent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s Personnel Officer and appearing in the record}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 deposed that there were 100 employees employed in an essential service as defined in the Act, 25 of whom withdrew their labour on 24th April 1980. Admittedly the r espondent company continued to operate despite the strike by 296 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 employees, but there were threats that the strike would escalate. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "There was nothing before the Minister on 6th June 1980, to indicate that the Company wa s not in business or that any essential service was not operational due to some essential workers withdrawing their services." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 It is apparent that the learned Judge did not take into account the threatened total withdrawal of labour or the necessity to a ttempt to forestall or avert a probable major strike which could have serious consequences for the industrial and business life in Fiji. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15366433 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "I am in no doubt at all that the Minister went no further than considering that the Company employed workers who were considered to be essential workers and that some }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of them}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 were involved in the trade dispute as evidenced by their withdrawal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 of labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . He could not have known }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 if any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 specific essential service was involved in the dispute in the sense I shall be referring to later." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In fact the learned Judge did not think that the Minister should be influenced by the threats made by Union indicating the possibility of industrial strife. \par \par In dealing with section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650\charrsid12452650 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) the learned Judge said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "The third situation is one of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12452650 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 utmost gravity, an extreme situation where the rights of the parties must give way to the interests of the nation. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Even in this situation I am in no doubt that the Minister is not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 empowered under section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid3436184 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) to act prematurely or in panic. He can act }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 only when }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the situation has arisen or is likely to arise. That is a matter }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 f judgment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 and experience. All three situations referred to in section 6(2) are instances where the Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s power is a reserve power to be used where other measures provided in the act fail or are ignored or an emergency arises." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 \par It is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 apparent that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the learned Judge discounted the threats and the attitude }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Union when he said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "(The Minister) should not have been influenced by Mr Smith}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s irresponsible statements in his letters that his members would resort to violence. All the Union asked for was reconciliation assistance to bring about a meeting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 parties. It is my belief that the parties could have been brought together if the Ministry had persevered in their efforts." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par Although earlier in his judgment the learned Judge said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "I must however, point out that the very strained relations bet ween the Company and the Union must have been known to the Ministry." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge then posed the question to himself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 - }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "Did the trade dispute involve an essential service?" The learned Judge said}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "The essential workers were certainly interested in or could be affected by the dispute but this did not in my view "involve" the service in which they were employed in that dispute. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In view }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 provisions }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act and Part IV in particular, "involved" in the context in which it is used in section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid407301 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) has a restricted meaning and can only mean "to entangle (a person) in trouble, difficulties, perplexity, etc." (Shorter Oxford English Dictionary). The involvement must be dire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 ct and of a substantial nature.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 There is no evidence before me and I am satisfied there was none before the Minister on the 6th June 1980, to indicate that the trade dispute, which counsel concedes existed, involved any essential service in the sense which I have held "involve" means." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In construing the word "involves" the learned Judge adopted a narrow or restricted interpretation and on the facts of this particular case he concluded that although essential workers were on strike and would be certainly interested in or could be affected by the trade dispute this did not of itself involve an essential service in which they were employed. However, the facts }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 case, and we emphasise that we are dealing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 ly with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 these facts, disclosed a very real threat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 general industrial upheaval involving}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential services. The learned}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Judge took the view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the involvement of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 an essential service in a trade dispute must be direct and substantial. In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 other words}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 while he does not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 suggest that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the test }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 involvement of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 an essential service in a trade dispute should be measured by the number of persons implicated therein he implies that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 in this}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 case the facts required to show}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a far greater degree of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 trouble or difficulties than what the Judge believed existed as at 6th June 1980; in coming to his conclusion the learned Judge stated that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 \endash \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "No section }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 public appears to have been deprived }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 of any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential service nor was life or property endangered by such walkout". }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Judge obviously considered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 log }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 of claims}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 contained provisions of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a general nature applicable to all workers }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 including workers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 engaged }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 at the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Mine in essential service. The learned Judge was inclined to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid7173358 view that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 it was the essential service that had to be involved not the pe rsons who comprise the essential service. What the legislature intended to be done or not to be done can only be ascertained from what it has chosen to enact either in express words or by reasonable and necessary implication. The object of an Act and its intent, meaning and spirit can only be ascertained from the Act itself. \par \par }\pard \ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid11086915 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid407301 Grey v. Pearson}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid407301 1857 6 H}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid407301\charrsid407301 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid407301 L. Cas. 61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 at p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 106 Lord Wensleydale said: }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid407301 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid407301 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "that in construing statutes, as well as in construing all other written instruments }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the grammatical and ordinary sense of the word is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 to be adhered to, unless that would lead to some absurdity, or some repugnance or inconsistency with the rest of the instrument, in which case the grammatical and ordinary sense }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 words may be modified, so as to avoid that absurdity and inconsistency, but no further}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . Acts of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Parliament}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 are, of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 course, to be const}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 rued accord}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ing to the intent of Parliament}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 which passes them. That is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the only rule}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 said Tindal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 , C.J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . delivering the opinion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 judges}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 who advised this House, in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 Sussex Peerage Case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 . But his lordship was careful to add this note }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 of warning}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 If the words of the statute are in themselves precise and unambiguous, then no more can be necessary than to expound those words in their natural and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 ordinary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 sense. The words themselves alone do, in such case, best declare the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 intention}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 of the lawgiver}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 '."}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 re A}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid860084 rn}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 old ex parte Hext (1914) 3 K.B. 1078}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the construction of the words "involved in the appeal" were given a wide meaning; the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 Court holding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 that in lo oking to the money or moneys worth involved it was entitled to look at all the proceedings to ascertain what really was the sum dealt with. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 word "involves" in section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid860084 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 )}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 , in this case, and in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 our opinion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 on its own particular facts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 calls for a wider and less restricted meaning that that accorded to it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid551967 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the learned Judge. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge considered that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 if involvement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 in the dispute by a small number }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 of essential}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 workers could be considered to be involvement }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 essential service in whic h he works the Minister would have an unfettered power to order compulsory arbitration wherever there was a trade dispute in a dispute which employed some essential workers. We think the learned Judge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s contention goes too far as the Minister in the exerci se of his discretion must take into account all the facts and many other factors which bear or have an influence on those facts and accordingly we do not agree that the Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s discretaion is unfettered. However, in this case approximately 25% }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 es sential workers went on strike while the rest of the essential workers continued in employment. There was however the real; threat }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 of further}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 industrial strife with the threatened continuation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 withdrawal of labour by essential workers in other essen tial services and the Minister was entitled to take into account the very real threats in exercising his discretion. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2690804 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 It is necessary to examine briefly the principles governing the exercise of discretionary power. Professor de Smith in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 Judicial Review of}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid860084 A}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 dministrative Action}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 3rd Edition at page 252 says: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "The authority in which a discretion is vested can be compelled to exercise that discretion, but not to exercise it in any particular manner. In general, a discretion must be exercised only by the auth ority to which it is committed. That authority must genuinely address itself to the matter before it: it must not act under the dictation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 of another}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 body}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 disable itself from exercising a discretion in each individual case. In the purported exercise }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 of its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 discretion it must not do what it has been forbidden to do, nor must it do what it has not been authorised to do. It must act in good faith, must have regard to all relevant considerations and must not be swayed by irrelevant considerations, must no t seek to promote purposes alien to the letter or to the spirit }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 legislation that gives it power to act, and must not act arbitrarily or capriciously." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Further, it is clear from the authorities that where a discretion is conferred upon a Minister he must act lawfully and that is a matter to be determined by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084\charrsid7173358 examining the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 relevant Act, its scope and object. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2690804 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 Padfield v. Minister of}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid860084 Agriculture (1968) 1 All E.R. 694}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 , Lord Reid in discussing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the matter of exercise of ministerial discretion said at p. 699}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 "....... }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Parliament must have conferred the discretion with the intention that it should be used to promote the policy and objects of the Act; the policy and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 objects }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act must be determined by construing the Act as a whole and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 construction is always a matter of law for the court. In a matter }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid860084 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 kind it is not possible to draw a hard and fast line, but if the Minister, by reason }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of his}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 having }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 misconstru}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 d the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act or for any other reason, so uses his discretion as to thwart or run }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 counter to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the policy and objects }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act, then }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 our law}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 would be very }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 defective}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 if persons aggrieved were not entitled to the protection of the court." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 In our view where a Minister has acted lawfully within his discretion and been guided by the principles set out in the last two passages we have quoted, the Court will not interfere whether or not the Court may disagree with the exercise }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 discretion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 , and no jurisdiction is vested in a Court to alter a Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s decision where he has exercised his discretion lawfully in the sense we have indicated. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Therefore, we are of the opinion that on 6th June 1980, the Minister adopted a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 facts in this case which could reasonably be entertained and was justified in coming to the conclusion that the trade dispute between the Union and the respondent company did involve an essential service. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Turning now to Ground 3 of the appeal. Counsel for appellant complains that the learned Judge embarked on a consideration }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of sections}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 3,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 5 and 6(1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act when they were not in issue and had not been put in issue. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "Subsection 2 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 6 should }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 not be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 read in isolation and must be read as part of section 6 and subject to any other provi sions in the Act which are applicable and which govern or limit the exercise of the Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s discretionary powers." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 view that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 if}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 the dispute involved an essential service it was the Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s duty, if he considered that th e dispute could only be settled by compulsory arbitration, to first seek the consent of the parties to that course of action before he considered what other action to take. The learned Judge concluded }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 that it}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 was the clear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 intention }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 legislature that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 h}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 e should have done so. Section 3 of the Act provides: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "Any trade dispute, whether existing or apprehended may be reported to the Per}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 m}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 anent Secretary by or on behalf of any of the parties to the dispute." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The section provides that any party to a trade dispute or possible trade dispute may report same to Permanent Secretary for Labour. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 If the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 trade dispute is reported then a report thereon shall be called for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Section 4 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act sets out the steps that the Permanent Secretary may take as being expedient for the promotion of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a settlement of the dispute. It is to be noted that in clause 4 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid2690804 g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) it is provided. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "Report the trade dispute to the Minister, who may, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 if he}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 thinks fit, authorise the Permanent Secretary to refer it to a conciliation committee appointed by the Minister for mediation and conciliation." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Section 5 sets out steps to be taken to settle the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 dispute. Section 5(1) reads: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "In endeavouring to secure, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 by means}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of conciliation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 parties, the settlement of}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 a trade dispute reported to him under section 3 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid860084 of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act, the Permanent Secr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 et}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ary or any person appointed by him or the Minister shall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 if and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 in so far as he considers it appropriate to do so, make use }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 machinery }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 or arrangements}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 for the settlement }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7173358 of disputes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 which exist by virtue of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 agreement between the parties to the dispute, or between organisations representing respectively a substantial proportion }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 employers and employees engaged in or in any branch of the particular trade, industry, service or occupation in which the dispute arose." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 The learned Judge stated: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 "If efforts to settle the dispute by conciliation or other means specified in sections 4 and 5 of the Act are not successful, it is then that the Minister is officially brought into the picture for the first time. It is the duty then of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 Permanent Sec}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 retary to report the trade dispute to the Minister (Section 6(1) of the Act)." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 It is noted, however, that the Permanent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 Secretary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 may report the trade dispute to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 the Minister under section 4(1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ); under section 5(1) the Minister may take certain steps, which must of necessity presuppose that the Minister is seized of the matter. The learned Judge may have overlook ed these subsections when he said that the first time the Minister is "officially brought into the picture" is under section 6(1); the Minister can be concerned with the t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 rade dispute under section 4(1)}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) and section 5(1). It is convenient to set out section 6(1) and section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 a}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 )(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) and (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid10118904 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 "6.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (1) Where the Permanent Secretary or any person appointed by him or by the Minister is unable to effect a settlement the Permanent Secretary shall report the trade dispute to the Minister who may, subject as hereinafter provided, if he thinks fit, and if both parties consent, and agree in writing to accept the awa rd }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 Tribunal, authorise the Permanent Secretary to refer such trade dispute to a Tribunal for settlement. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (2) The Minister may authorise the Permanent Secretary, whether or not the parties consent, to refer a dispute to a Tribunal where}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 - \par }\pard \ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid11086915 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par }\pard \ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) a str ike or lock out arising out of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 a trade dispute, whether reported or not,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 has been declared by order }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 Minister to be unlawful as provided for under section 8 of this Act; or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) a trade dispute, whether reported or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 not, involves an essential ser}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 vice; or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 \par }\pard \ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid10118904 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) the Minister is satisfied that a trade dispute, whether reported or not, has jeopardised or may jeopardise the essentials of life or livelihood }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 nation as a whole or of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 a significant section }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 nation may endanger the public safety or the life of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 the com}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 munity." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 Counsel for appellant submitted that sections 3,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 4 and 5 deal with trade disputes that may have been reported to the Minister }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 of Labour}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 under section 3. Under sec}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 tion 6(1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 if the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 Permanent Secretary or anyone appointed by him or by the Minister (under section 5(1)) is unable to effect a settlement the Permanent Secretary shall report the trade dispute to the Minister who may }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 if he}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 thinks fit, and if both parties consent and agree in writing to accept}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 he award, authorise th e Permanent Secretary to refer the trade dispute to a Tribunal. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 The learned Judge inclined to the view that before action co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7148045 uld be taken under section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid7148045 b}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) the Minister must first seek the consent of the parties and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid3950870 if the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 consent was not forthcoming then and only then }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 uld the Minister exercise the powers }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 contained in section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 b}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ). In our view compelling language would be required if the section is to be construed as suggested by the learned Judge. Our reading of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ec}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 tion 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950870\charrsid3950870 ) is that the Minister may authorise the Permanent Secretary to refer the trade dispute to a Tribunal where the dispute involves an essential service whether or not the parties have consented and whether or not the dispute has been reported. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 \par Section 6(2)(}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) appears to stand apart from sections 3,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 4, 5 and 6(1) and where the facts as evaluated by the Minister so dictate the Minister is empowered to refer the trade dispute, which involves an essential service, to a Tribunal whether the parties to t he dispute have consented or not, and, even whether the trade dispute has been reported or not. These words are wide enough to cover both a report by the parties under section 3(1) and alternatively, a report by the Permanent Secretary under section 6(1). The absence of either, or both, is rendered immaterial. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The intention of the legislature to vest such powers in the Minister stems no doubt from the fears that grave consequences could flow from industrial upheaval in essential service or services. We ar e of the opinion that the learned Judge was wrong in his interpretation when he said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The facts indicate that the Minister ignored section 6(1) }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Act and this may have been because he considered he was not obliged to seek the consent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 parties in the circumstances. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 If the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 dispute did in fact involve an essential service it was still the Minister}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7173358\charrsid7173358 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 s duty, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 if he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 considered the dispute could only be settled by arbitration, to first seek the consent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 parties to that course of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 action before he considered what}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 other}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 action he could take. He did not do so although the clear intention of the legislature is that he should have done so." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The learned Judge went on and said: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par \par }\pard \ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16012799 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 "I am of the view that the Minister did on the 6th June 1980 exceed his powers in initiating action which sought to compel the parties to go to arbitration." }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148045 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 We conclude that in this case, and on the facts as found and examined, the Minister had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 a discretion under section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) to refer the trade dispute between the Union and the respondent to a Tribunal without first obtaining the consent of the parties and irrespective }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 observance }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3436184 of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 procedures set out in sections 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ,4,}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 5 and 6(1) of the Act. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Finally we are of the opinion for the reasons which we have given that the learned Judge was in error in concluding that the Minister }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904\charrsid7173358 of Labour}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 had exceede}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 d his powers under section 6(2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid10118904 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 ) of the Trade Disputes Act. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 Accordingly, the Answer to Question }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 should be "Yes". \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid7173358 The appeal is allowed with costs, in this Court, to the appellant. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10118904 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502486\charrsid10118904 Appeal Allowed. \par }}