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{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f336\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
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{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
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{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
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{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
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\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid8138368\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3440012 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 [1981] 27 FLR 111
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14636815 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368  OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14636815 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid262725\charrsid8138368 Civil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368  Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9310324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 LAUTOKA CITY COUNCIL
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 THE DIRECTOR OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14636815\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9310324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8138368\charrsid8138368 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9310324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 TIME INVESTMENTS LIMITED
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9310324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Gould, V. P., Henry, J. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 ., Spring, J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8138368 
\par 4 April 1981}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8138368\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Local Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Conditions may be applied when granting Town Planning Development application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 principles to be borne in mind. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Sweetman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 for the First Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 R. Flower}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  for the Second Appellant 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 B. C. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Appeal against two orders made by Williams, J. under an originating summons issued pursuant to Order 7 Rule 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Supreme Court Rules. Respondent was the sub-leasee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
of Lot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  10 DP 4379 held by first appellant (hereinafter called "the Council") on lease from the Crown. Respondent desired to build on the said land a two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 storey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ncrete building comprising two shops on the ground floor and office accommodation on the first floor. Pla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s were lodged for approval by the Council in terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of Town}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Planning legislation. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Council issued a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 building permit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  subject to certain conditions including No. 5 wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ch read: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "5. The applicant to make monetary contribution of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2,000 for the relaxation of two (2) parking places." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9310324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The said sum was duly paid "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 der protest" according to the claim of respondent. Following relief sought in originating summons, the learned trial judge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (a) declared that neither the Council nor se
cond appellant had power to charge impose or require respondent to pay $2,000 in lieu of providing two additional car parking facilities, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 , 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (b) ordered that the Council r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 fund (sic.) to respondent the said sum of $2,000. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  common ground that the Town Planning Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 General Provisions (1970) (Exhibit 1) apply. Clause 28 read: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Car park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ing space shall be provided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  rate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  car space per}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 unit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 or 1500 sq. ft. of gross floor area (and fraction thereof) whichever provides the grea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 car spaces provided that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 with the prior}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 approval }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Town Planning Board a Local Authority may reduce this ratio if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 in any instance it is satisfied that other satisfactory off-site car parking facilities are or will be available in the vicinity." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The issues before the Court of Appeal had been stated as the Court noted in a similar cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Rockdale Municipal Council v. Tandel Corporation Pty. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 by Glass, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . A.: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"To succeed in the action it was necessary for the plaintiff to prove (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
) that it had made the payment as a result of coercion (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  was made without lawful justification." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The Court said "Coercion was a legal expression". It referred to Moffat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s words in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Rockdale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"Whether there has been coercion can only be determined by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 relating the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  person said to be coerced to the precise acts found to be an invalid exercise of power." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The onus to prove coercion should have been placed on the respondent. It seemed to have been cast on appellant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The learned trial Judge held that the condition imposed was invalid. He found that it was not reasonable. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . The imposition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  condition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 under Town}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 Planning Legislation might conform to inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the three tests referred to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 New}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 bury D. C. v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 Secretary of State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
80}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  1 All ER 731) viz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "..... (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) it must be imposed for a planning purpose (2) it must fairly and reasonably relate to the development for which permission }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 is being given (3) it must be .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ... a condition which a re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 asonable local authority .....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . might impose." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Condition No. 5 supra came within these lists. As stated above it was not inconsistent with Town Planning Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 General P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 rovisions (1970) which by com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 mon ground applied (ii) The payment in this case was on the evidence made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 voluntarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  after free discussion. It was not paid under protest. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 " ..... (conditions which may be imposed) are (to be) reasonably capable of being regarded as related to the purpose for which the function of the authority is being exercised ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 . "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 (Allen Commercial Construction Pty. Ltd. v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 North Sydney Municipal Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (1970) 20 L.G.R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 208}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Appeal allowed. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Cases referred to: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 Rockdale Municipal Council v. Tandel Corporation Pty. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid1261910\charrsid8138368 
(1975) 34 LGRA 196}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid3305585\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Mason v. The State of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3695204\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid3305585\charrsid8138368 (1959) 102 CLR }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 108.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305585\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Greek Australia Finance C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 poration Pty. Ltd v. The Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  City }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid3305585\charrsid8138368 (1974) 29 LGRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  130. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 New}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ury D.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . v. Secretary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid3305585\charrsid8138368 [1980] 1 All ER}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  731. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Che}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 rts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ey Ur
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 an District Council v. Mixnam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s Prope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7487233\charrsid8138368 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ies Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang9\langfe2057\langnp9\insrsid7487233\charrsid8138368 [1964] 2 All E
R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 627. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 HENRY, Justice of Appeal: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5445402 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Judgment of the Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 This is an appeal against two orders made by Williams J. under an originating summons issued pursuant to Order No. 7 Rule 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Supreme Court Rules. Respondent is the sub-lessee of Lot 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 DP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  4379 which lot is held by first appellant (hereinafter called 
"the Council") on lease from the Crown. Respondent desired to build on the said land a two-storeyed concrete building comprising two shops on the ground floor and office accommodation on the first floor. Plans were lodged for approval by the Council in te
rms of Town Planning legislation. At this stage the various steps taken need not be set out but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 they}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 will be referred to later. In due course the Council issued a building permit subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 to certain conditions. The only relevant condition is No. 5 which reads: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "5. The applicant to make monetary contribution of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526897\charrsid8138368  $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 2,000 for the relaxation of two (2) parking places." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The said sum was duly paid "under protest" according to the claim of respondent. The originating summons sought two forms of relief, namely, 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) For an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 order that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Lautoka City}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ouncil and/or Director of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Town and Country Planning had no powers to charge impose or require the Plaintiff to pay $2,000.00 in lieu of providing two additional car parking facilities. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) For an order that the Lautoka City Council and/or Director }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of Town}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  and Country Planning refund to the Plaintiff the sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526897\charrsid8138368 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2,000.00 paid on the 5th day of April, 1978." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Affidavits were filed by the respondent in support and by the Council in opposition. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 At the trial counsel appeared for the second appellant who had not filed an affidavit but offered oral evidence. The following order was made: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 I see no reason why the affidavits cannot remain as affidavits even if the Court ordered them to be treated as pleadings. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 In my view no such order should make it necessary for the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526897\charrsid8138368 plaintiff's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  affidavit to be repeated in the witness box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
I think the application should be allowed and that the Director should give evidence for 2nd defendant." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Evidence was given accordingly. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 No objection was taken to the form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  proceedings but it will be seen that the form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 action and the lack }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of pleadings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 clouded the issues and led to a failure to try properly what were the true issues. The Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 its judgment: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
) declared that neither the Council nor second appellant had power to charge impose or require respondent to pay $2,000 in lieu of providing two additional car parking facilities, and, 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) ordered that the Council refund (sic.) to respondent the said sum of $2,000. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par Costs were also awarded. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 It is common ground that the state of town planning legislation at the material time was that respondent could be lawfully required to provide four 
parking spaces for the area of the proposed building. It has not been denied that there were negotiations carried out by the architect for respondent for the number }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of parking}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  sites to be reduced to two. The evidence is that such negotiations resulted in r
espondent being exempted from the requirement of providing for four parking spaces upon condition that it paid the said sum of $2,000. As earlier stated respondent marked its payments as being made "under protest" but there is further evidence to be consi
dered on this question. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Now that the building has been completed respondent claims not only the benefit of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 the relaxation" referred to in condition No. 5 but also the return of the money it paid for that relaxation. It is important to analyse the claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 if the affidavits filed on its behalf are treated as pleadings. The relief sought was a declaration that the condition was ultra vires the powers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ppellants and that the sum of $2,000 be recovered from appellants. That respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s claim was based solely on an allegation that the condition was ultra vires and ipso facto that it was entitled to recover the sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526897\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2.000 is clear form the final letter (Exhibit G) annexed to respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s affidavit which in part read: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "Your letter of 27th ultimo refers. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 We do not think }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 that your}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  explanations for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 are relevant to the issue. As we see it the only issue is whether the Council has powers to levy and collect monetary contribution as that done by your Council." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Respondent acted upon t
he permit and completed its building. The action was not commenced until January 1979 apparently after the building was erected. It no longer required a declaration as to the validity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  permit. The sole remedy sought was the recovery of money. True one of the matters which required proof was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 invalidity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 of the condition but proof of that alone would not enable respondent to succeed. A separate declaration was unnecessary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 If respondent were genuine in its desir}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 e to test the validity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  condition
 by way }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  declaration under an originating summons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 it had ample time to do so earlier. The permit was granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
in June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  1977 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
ut was not uplifted until May 1978. The action was not commenced until January 1979}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526897\charrsid8138368 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
presumably after the building had been completed because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ted in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 letter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 pril}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8928497\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  1978 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 was intended to start}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 work immediately. The action at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 the time it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 commenced was clearly solely one for m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ney had and received in respect of which one element was proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 invalidity. Such an action ought to be commenced }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 way of writ of summons (as counsel for respondent conceded) with proper pleadings. If this had been done the issues would have been clear and could have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 een properly tried. Instead a number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 irrelevant matters were argued and decided whilst one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  main issues was never determined. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 and the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  failed to perceive what was the proper form of action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  so this Court must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  as far as it can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
attempt to resolve the issues on proper legal principles as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 proceedings had been regularly instituted. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The issues which were before the Court are succinctly stated by Glass J. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  in a similar case, namely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ockdale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Municipal Council v. Tandel Corporation Pty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Vol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 34 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 LGRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  196,203 where it is said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"The constituents of an action for debt in the circumstances with which his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 Honour was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 concerned have been formulated by the High }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 Court (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Mason v. The State }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of New}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  South Wales; March v. Shire of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Serpentine-Jarrahdale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
). To succeed in the action it was necessary for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 plaintiff to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  prove (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 it had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  made the payment as a result of coercion, (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
) that the demand was made without lawful justification. " 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 In the same case Moffitt P. said at p. 197: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"Whether there was coercion can only be determined by relating the conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 person said to be coerced to the precise acts found to be an invalid }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 exercise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 of power. Therefore it now becomes necessary to determine not only whether the Council had power to impose the condition in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 question,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  but also to redetermine whether the respondent made the payment as a result of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 coercion. As was pointed out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Lloyd v. Ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 inson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 a finding that a condition to an approval 
is invalid does not necessarily mean that the approval will stand freed from the void condition or that the Council is bound to give a fresh approval subject to no other condition than that declared invalid. By way of illustration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  in a case where a somewhat similar condition w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s imposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  a Counci}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 Holland J. found the consequence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of invalidity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  condition was that the development consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 itself was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  void (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Greek Australia Fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ance Corporation Pty. Ltd. v. The Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  City }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 [1974] 29 LGRA 130)." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The learned president went on to say (and these words are apposite in the present case) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 that: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"In the present case a possible view is that the payment was made not by reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of oppression}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
, but in order, at all costs, to retain and act upon the consent to the development, the consent being considered doubtfuly vulnerable if the condition were challenged prior to being acted upon." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 We turn first to the question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of coercion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . This should have been pleaded and proved by respondent. The burden of proof appears to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ave been cast on appellants which again shows the importance of insisting upon the correct form of action. "Coercion" is a legal expression. Its meaning has been discussed in many cas
es but the issue in this case, disregarding any question of the onus of proof, may be summed up by the claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ppellants that respondent voluntarily entered into an arrangement for the payment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 2,000 whereby it gained valuable letting space b
y a relaxation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of valid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  parking requirements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 It should be noted that there is no evidence, and no submissions were made, that this was not a fair, equitable and beneficial bargain for respondent. The proper inference is that it was. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The first affidavit of respondent merely stated that the inception }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 was that the plans were approved by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  on or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 about June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  27,1977 and by the Director on May 3, 1977 and that the Council orally informed respondent and its architect that a sum of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2,000 was payable before the plan could be released. The architect, who clearly was the agent }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
, did not give evidence and his absence was never explained. In a letter from the Town Clerk to respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s solicitor dated July 27, 1978 and exhibited to respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
s first affidavit (Exhibit F) as part of its case the following passage appears: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The plans for the proposed shop and office developments by the Time Investment Ltd., on Lot 10 DP. 4379 was approved by the Director, Town and Country Planning under the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Town Planning Ordinance, Cap. 109 subject to the conditions listed below: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid1402943 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Four (4) car parking spaces are to be provided on the site with loading and unloading bay to the satisfaction of the City Council. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 2. If two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  car parking spaces cannot be provided on site (devel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 op}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
ment plans showed provision for only two spaces) the Council is to make request to the applicant for monetary contribution for these two spaces. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The applicants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Time Investment Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s architects agreed that they could only provide two car parking spaces on site to the satisfaction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Council against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 otal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of 4 car parking spaces necessary calculated on the basis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  car space per 1500 sq. ft. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of gross}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  floor area }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  proposed development 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of shop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  and offices. They were not prepared to reduce the size }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 building to the extent to permit provision of 4 car parking spaces as required by the Town Planning General Provisions. Exemption was sought and requested in respect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11666679\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 2 parking spaces which could not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 e accommodated on site and in lieu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 exemption it was agreed that monetary contribution will be made. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 n the light }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 above agreement, building permit was issued including a condition that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2565527\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 the applicants to ma
ke a monetary contribution of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2,000 for the relaxation of two (2) car parking spaces.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2565527\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3702139\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2565527\charrsid8138368 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The only reply to this letter was the passage in respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ugust 8, 1978 (Exhibit H) which has been earlier set out. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 We turn next to the question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 payment under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  protest. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 effect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  making a payment under protest is dealt with at length by the High Court of Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Mason v New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  102 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 LR 108. At p. 144 Windeyer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . said: 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The plaintiffs protests do provide some evidence that their payments were not voluntary; but they do not prove that they were compelled by duress or coercion." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
$2,000 was included in a cheque for $2,100 which was sent by respondent under cover of a letter dated April 5, 1978 (Exhibit B) which read as follows: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "We refer to the above Company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s building plans which have been approved by the Council and Town Planning Board and to the Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s demand for $2000.00. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
We enclose our cheque for $2,100.00 being $2,000.00 as per your demand and $100.00 for deposit on plans but would like to state that the $2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 000.00 is paid to you under protest as we need the plans to commence building }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 orks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 immediately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . We would like to look into the question}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  whether the Council has the necessary authority to de
mand and receive the said sum hence we reserve our right to claim for the refund." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The letter of the Town Clerk earlier referred to (Exhibit F), also contains the following passage in reply to respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s letter: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "I must once again repeat that there is no question of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  for monetary contribution for relaxing car parking requirement; it is the applicants who request such rel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 xation by making such contribution. And the applicants usually deal through their Architects who submit the development prop
osals as has been the case in respect of the Time Investment Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s building applications." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 As a result of the claim by respondent the Town Clerk filed an affidavit which ought to be quoted in full in respect of the relevant paragraphs. They are: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "10. U
pon receiving from the Plaintiffs Solicitors Messrs Stuart Reddy &Co. the letter dated 5th April 1978 annexed as exhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 to the said Addidavit I telephoned the Plaintiffs Solicitors and spoke to Mr B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . Patel of that firm. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 11. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 my conversation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  with Mr Patel I explained that the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 protest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  used in his said letter were inappropriate and the payment of any monetary contribution was entirely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  discretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  that it did not need to pay any amount of money to the Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 if it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  was not seeking relaxation in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of two}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 car park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 spaces otherwise required by the Director as a condition of his approval of the Plaintiffs proposed development. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 12. I pointed out to Mr Patel that it was open to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  amend its plans and provide a total }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  car parking spaces on the site but that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 if the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Plaintiff did not wish to reduce the size }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  building to provide for four car parking spaces the other alternative was open to it. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 13. Mr Patel intimated to me on the telephone that the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 not wish to reduce the size of its building but desired to proceed with the building as planned and provide only two car parking spaces. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11474466 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
14. The Plaintiffs Architects had originally shown four car p
arking spaces on the Site Plan presented to the Council in support of the Application for Development Permission but later amended the Plan by reducing the number of car park spaces from four to two and sought relaxation in respect of such reduction. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 15.
 The Council intimated that it was prepared to grant this relaxation upon the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff making}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 a voluntary contribution to the Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
s Car Park Fund in a sum equivalent to $1,000 for each car park space that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 to eliminate from its development." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par Respondent filed an affidavit in reply and the relevant paragraph is: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid4420588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "2. THAT the sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 $2,000.00 paid by the Plaintiff to the First Defendant was not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 voluntary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  contribution by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 did not want to pay any sum but
 had to do so as it needed the plans in April 1978 to commence building works and such plans were not being released by the First Defendant until that sum was paid. The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 paid the said sum under protest by their letter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2565527\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 5th April 1978 and the First Defendant was aware at all material times that the said sum was so paid." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The assertion that respondent "did not want to pay any sum" is less than a frank statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  position. Moreover, it is not a denial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  matters earlier set out. It is a fair inference from all the circumstances that respondent desired to complete the building in accordance with part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  relaxation contained in con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
tion No. 5 and then to attack the rest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  condition in the hope }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of recovering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the money paid. Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s motive has become very clear from it later actions. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 We are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 clear opinion that the true position is that the payment was made voluntarily after free discussion with the architect as to what was fair compensation for the purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
of substituting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 other parking facilities for those which the respondent would otherwise have been called upon to provide at its own expense and with the resulting loss of income producing space. We further find that, in accordance 
with the evidence of the Town Clerk, the money was not paid under protest. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2565527\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The above finding is sufficient to set aside the judgment in the Court below but the learned judge has held that the condition imposed was invalid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 By section 17 of the Town Plann
ing Act (Cap. 109) (hereinafter called "the Act") the Lautoka City Council was a local authority charged with the preparation and submission to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Director of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368  Town}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Planning a town planning scheme in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ll land in its area. It is common ground that section 6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Act applied to the development proposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15563759\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 y respondent. Section 6 in its relevant parts provides: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section the permission of the local authority shall be required in respect of any development land carried out within a town planning area during the period before a scheme affecting such area has been finally approve
d. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
(3) The local authority shall not grant or refuse permission under this section without the prior consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Director and the Director may approve such grant or refusal either unconditionally or subject to conditions and may prohibit such grant or refusal. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
(4) In dealing with applications for permission to develop land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 this section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the local authority and the Director shall have regard to the matters set out in the First Schedule to this Act, to provisions proposed to be included in a schem
e and to any other material considerations." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par It is also common ground that the Town Planning Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15563759\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15563759\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 General Provisions (1970) (Exhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15563759\charrsid8138368 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) apply. Clause 28 reads: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Car park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ing space shall be provided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  rate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 car space}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 nit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
or 1500 sq. ft. of gross floor area (and fraction thereof) whichever provides the greater number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 car spaces provided that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 with the prior approval }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Town Planning Board a Local Authority may reduce this ratio if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 in any instance it is satisfied that other satisfactory off-site car parking facilities are or will be available in the vicinity." 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 There is no express provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 enabling the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of payment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 money in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  lieu of providing the prescribed number }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of parking}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 spaces in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the event }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of exemption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  b
eing granted. This was expressely provided for in the General Provisions 1979 which came into force on September 19, 1979 but they do not apply. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The provisions of the First Schedule to the Act which require notice are: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "21. Power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  local authority to make agreements with owners and of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 owners to make agreements with one another. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 22. Co-operation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  local authority and the owners of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
and co-operation between owners of land. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 23. The recovery of expenses incurred in giving eff
ect to the scheme. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 24. The carrying out and completion of the scheme}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 generally; and particularly the time and manner in which, and the persons and authorities by whom or by which the scheme, or any part thereof, shall be carried out and completed and its observance ensured. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 25. Any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 matter with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  respect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 which under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 this Act an agreement relating to a scheme may be made. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 26. Limitation of time for the operation of the scheme. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
27. Any matter necessary or incidental to town planning or housing. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The mention of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 particular}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 matters in this schedule shall not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
be held to prejudice or affect the generality of any other matter." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The powers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Director
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
and the Council are very wide but the question arises, whether in the particular circumstances of the present case, the Director and the Council were entitled to do two things, namely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) grant exemption in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 of two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  spaces, and, (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ) add a condition to such grant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of exemption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 that a sum of $2,000 be paid into the particular fund and used for the purposes named. It is to be emphasised that this Court is concerned solely with the facts of the present case. And. it is further to be noted that the Director, through the Council, d
id not seek to impose and did not impose any conditions upon respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the agent of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 respondent who sought exemption and voluntarily accepted the burden }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of making}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the payment in return for the benefit it was seeking. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Legislation for town planning in Fiji follows the pattern of legislation in other parts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Commonwealth. The powers given to effect town planning schemes are similar although not always identical. The problems which arise are the same. General principl
es on the particular problem posed in the present case have been laid down by the Courts and these principles are applicable to Fiji legislation. In the Hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 h Court of Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 l}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 en Commercial Constructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Pt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 y. Ltd. v. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 orth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 unic}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ipal Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (1970) 20 LGRA 208 Walsh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . said in a judgment in which Ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 wick C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8726252\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Menzies and Windeyer JJ. agreed: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"In accordance with a well-recognized rule, s. 40(1) ought to be understood (quite apart from the limitation contained in its opening words) not as giving an unlimited discretion as to the conditions which may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 imposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 , but as conferring a power to impose conditions which are reasonably capable of being regarded as related to the purpose }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 for which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the function }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  authority is being exercised, as ascertained from a consideration of the scheme and of the Act under which it is made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 This purpose may be conveniently described, in accordance with the expression used by Lord }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 enkins in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Fawcett Prope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 rti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 es Ltd. v. Buckingham County Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 ([1961] AC. 636, 684) as being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 the implementation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 plan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ing policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 , provided that it is borne in mind tha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 t it is from the Act and from a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ny relevant provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  Ordi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 nance, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 not from some preconceived general notion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of what}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  constitutes planning, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8726252\charrsid8138368 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  scope of planning policy is to be ascertained." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Woolw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ths Prope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 Pt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 y. Ltd. v. Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (supra) the condition in question required the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 developer to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  provide on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 the site a specified number of car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8726252\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
parking spaces or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  lieu thereof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 a contribution of $5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 000 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 towards the enlargement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  extension or improvement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 of car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13659162\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 parking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  facilities in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 vicinity}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13659162\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . Both branches of this condition were attacked as bein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 g }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ultra vires. As to the power to impose conditions generally Else-Mitchell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 said: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 It cannot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  be doubted that in the field }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13659162\charrsid8138368 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5657047\charrsid8138368 own}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 planning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 a wide discretion must be permitted to a responsible authority to determine what conditions may properly be imposed under provisions such as those which are relevant to the development under consideration in this case. Precise delimitation of the power t
o impose conditions is undesirable, if not impossible, and one cannot perhaps do more than say that the conditions must be relevant to the subject mater }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 or reasonably capable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 regarded as relevant to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 implementation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of planning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 yson Industries Ltd v. Sydney City Council; cf. Hall & Co. v. Shoreham Urban District Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
). But, as I have said, to define or to delimit the power in the light of the subject matter or of planning principles gives the responsible authority a wide charter indeed for the subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  planning scheme extends to the use and development}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
land and buildings in relation not only to other land and buildings but in relation also to the community facilities which exist in a local government area, whether they are provided by the local council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  some public authority or otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7960656 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
On the basis of this statement of principle his Honour held that a condition requiring the provision on the site }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of parking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  spaces was clearly within power and then went on to say: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid1317330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The question whether a responsible authority is entitled under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 County of Cum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 berla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 nd Planning Scheme Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  to require payment }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  towards the provision by a council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  facility which the developer could be required to p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 r}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ovide as a condition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 consent to use land or erect buildings was debated before me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 at some len}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 th and reliance was placed by the respondent council upon the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Ex p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 arte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 Australian Property Units Management (No. 2) Ltd; Re Baulkham Hills Shire Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 and particularly the judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Sugerman J., with which I should express my respectful concurrence. But I do not read the judgment in that case as holding that a developer can be required by an exercise of the discretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  local authority to contribute to the provision by that authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  facility which will be open to general public use and not capable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 with the proposed development or restricted in some fashion to use in conjunction with that development. It may well be that a question of fact 
or degree must arise in each case as to whether a public facility is so placed or regulated that it can be so identified or restricted, but in the present case I should not wish to say more than that any power to require a contribution of money towards th
e provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of parking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  space, whether by the imposition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  condition or otherwise, cannot in my view be exercised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 unless the facilities, actual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 or proposed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 are so situated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  and defined in such a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 fashion, as to enable a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13659162\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
e reached that they are capable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 identified with or restricted to use in connection with the proposed development.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7960656 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (The emphasis is supplied.) 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Greek Australian Finance Corporation Pty. Ltd. v. Sydney City Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (1974) 29 LGRA 130 the following facts are stated in the head note: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "Clause 32 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 City }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Planning Scheme Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  requires the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  council, in respect of any application for consent to erect a b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 lding to take into consideration, inter alia, the adequacy of the proposed means of entrance to and egress from the site and 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  provision for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
loading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 , unloading and parking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of vehicles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  on the site. The council is also required to take into account existing and future amenity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  neighbourhood, the circumstances of the case, the public interest and the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  scheme. By cl. 37 the council is entitled, in granting a consent, to attach conditions. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid1589641 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
The plaintiff desired to remodel and extend an existing industrial and commercial building and use it for different commercial purposes. Application was made to the council for its consent and consent was granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  a condition requiring monetary contribution to be paid to the council towards the provision of public }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 offstreet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 car parking. This was done pursuant to a policy adopted by the council and arising from consideration of the City of Sydney Strategic Plan. That plan provided for a basic floor space ratio of buildings with bonuses for certain eventualities, one }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 contribution
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ards car }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 parking. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 application would not have been recommended for approval but for indication made by architects on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 behalf of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  applicant that a monetary contribution would be made." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Holland J. reviewed (inter alia) the authorities we have cited above. The learned judge said at p. 141}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "I must say that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  matter had been free }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 uthority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 would, with great respect to Else-Mitchell J., have been inclined to accept the submission
s made on behalf of the council, that the imposition of a condition requiring from a developer, who did not propose to provide any parking space, a contribution towards the provision by the council of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 parking stations in the city area in accordance with th
e policies and codes which have been adopted by the council in the present case was within the powers conferred by the legislation." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 This passage referred to earlier passages in his judgment namely at pp. 138, 139: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Jumal Developments Pty Ltd v. Parramatta City Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 (supra) the question was whether so far as the scope of the power to impose conditions was concerned there was any distinction between a condition which required the applicant in that case to contribute part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 land for road widening purposes to facilitate traffic in the area in which development was to take place and a condition requiring a contribution o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  money for the same purposes, the latter hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ing been held in the earlier c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ases to be ultra vires. Else-Mitchell J., in upholding the condition, said: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7960656 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 It is, moreover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  not to the point to say that because a levy }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 of money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  cannot be imposed there is no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 require the dedication of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The levy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 money as a condition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  exercise of a statutory discretion has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 always}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 been regarded as suspect because it need not necessa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ily be related to the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 wful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  power conferred so that it assumes the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 character of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 n exaction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 or tax}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (cf. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The Commonwealth v. Colonial Com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ing, Spinning and Weaving Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Atto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
ey-General v. Wilts United Dairies Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Ex p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 art}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 e Australian Property Units Management No. (2) Ltd; Re Baulk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960656\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 m Hills Shire Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . But the same cannot be said of the imposition of conditions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 which relate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  to the use, enjoyment, or occupation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 very land in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  the statutory discretion is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 exercised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
, provided that those conditions are imposed reasonably and bona fide for the purpose for which the statutory prohibition which may be relaxed by that exercise has been imposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx4248\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Granville Developments Pty. Ltd. v. Holroyd Municipal Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Else}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Mitchell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
. affirmed the views he had expressed in the above cases as to the power of a council to require a contribution of money at large to provide facilities of a public nature." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Holland J. again referred to the exaction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  money payment in lieu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 of facilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  to b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  provided by a developer at p. 205 where he said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "It will be seen that the learned judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s (Else-Mitchell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 .) views have moved by perceptible degrees from the position first adopted by him in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Woolworths Properties Pty. Ltd. v. Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (supra) that contributions could not be levied except for facilities restricted to use in connexion with t
he proposed development. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Gillott v. Ho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 sby Shire Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 (supra) money could be exacted for facilities which mainly served the development In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Jumal Developments Pty. Ltd. v. Parramatta City Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (supra) the validity of a contribution so framed as to
 be related to the power to approve the development was conceded and in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2915196\charrsid8138368 Gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
anville Developments Pty. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . Holroyd Municipal Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  (supra) the previous decisions are explained as prohibiting only the payment of a sum of money at large." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 In the applica
tion of these principles which Holland J. was discussing it is important to note the factual situation which the learned judge was called on to consider. At pp. 135, 136: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
"The council presently proposes to construct a series of additional public parking stations on the perimeter of the central business district of the City. Since 5th March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  1973}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 it has been proceeding with a proposal to erect a parking station on land bounded by Sussex Street}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 James Street and South Street}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 Sydney, in respect of which feasibility studies and preliminary design drawings have already been completed for the construction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  station with a capacity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 300}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9853558\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 vehicles. In February 1974 the council purchased for $1,350,000 a property at 261/277 Kent Street for the purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 of building}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  a parking station on that site and is currently negotiating to purchase a property in Elizabeth Bay Road with a view to using that also for the construction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5445402\charrsid8138368 of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  parking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  with a capacity of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 400 vehicles. The closest }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 of those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 presently proposed is a substantial walking distance from the subject site and the others could not be considered as within any reasonable walking distance from it." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
judge found that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 authority compelled him against his inclination
 to hold that the condition as to payment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 was ultra vires but he also held it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 was not severable and that it was a fundamental element which rendered the whole approval invalid. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Clerk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
s affidavit states: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "7. The amount of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 contribution sought by the Council as a condition of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 relaxation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 General Provisions approve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 by the Director pursuant to The Town Planning Ordinance was $2,000 and the Plaintiff was informed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4549883\charrsid8138368 if it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  was prepared to contribute this fund to the Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
s Car Park Fund the Council would allow the Plaintiff to develop its s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
id land with provision for two car park spaces only in lieu of the four spaces which would otherwise be required. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 8. The purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  Car Park Fund set up by the Council is to provide funds for the construction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 of municipal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13189660\charrsid8138368 car park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  areas within the City of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
Lautoka and the total sum contributed to this fund by developers up to the present date is $60,206.06. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
9. The Council has developed a car park in close proximity to the Plaintiffs said property and the said car park was completed in or about November 1978 at a cost of approximately $38,900.00. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 .................................
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 .................................
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
24. The Council denies each and every allegation in Paragraph 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 said Affidavit and says that it has developed a public car parking area in close proximity to the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s said property which said car parking area contains 55 car parking spaces. Work was commenced thereon in September 1978 and completed in Nove
mber 1978 and at its nearest point the said car park is approximately 50 feet from the boundary of the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s Lease No. 144074." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 This affidavit was contradicted by an affidavit on behalf of respondent but on reading the evidence we are of the opinio
n that this clear and detailed evidence, upon which the deponent was not cross-examined, ought to be accepted. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 The question is one of fact and degree. The most recent case dealing with the imposition of conditions under town planning legislation appears to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Newbury D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 . v. Secretary o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  [1980}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid992165\charrsid8138368 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  1 All E.R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
731. At p. 761 Lord Lane said: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "Despite the breadth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9310324\charrsid8138368 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 subject to such conditions as they think fit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 subsequent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
 decisions have shown that to come within the ambit of the 1971 Act and therefore to be intra vires and valid a condition must fulfil the following three conditions: (1) it must be imposed for a planning purpose; (2) it must fairly and reasonably relate t
o the development for which permission is being given; (3) it must be reasonable, that is to say, it must be a condition which a reasonable local authority properly advised might impose." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par The cases we have earlier cited are in their final analysis, but earlier applications of particular facts to these general propositions. Later on the same page his Lordship said: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 "As Lord Guest said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Che}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
sey Urban District Council v. Mixnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 s Prope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 ies Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  [1964] 2 All ER 627 at 63}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 7; [1965] AC 735 at 760-761): }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1430\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1430\itap0\pararsid16544207 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
There should, however, in my view be a benevolent interpretation given to the discretion exercised by a public representative body such as the appellants in carrying out the functions entrusted to them by Parliament. Courts should not be astute to find t
hat they have acted outside the scope of their powers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10646393\charrsid8138368 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368  " 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5121729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
In our respectful opinion the condition No. 5 comes within each of the three above tests. The condition is clearly related to town planning purposes and is not imposed for any ulterior reason. The
 facilities outlined by the Town Clerk are, within the cases cited, so situated and are defined in such a fashion so as to enable the Director and the Council to reach a decision that such premises are capable of being identified with and related to the p
r
oposed development respondent's land. The condition is reasonable in that the burden, properly imposed on respondent to provide four parking spaces, was relaxed in return for a reasonable contribution towards alternative parking spaces (coming within the 
above description) for which respondent got a corresponding benefit by the release of space which otherwise might have been properly required for the provision of parking space. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5121729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 Williams J
. considered whether or not the requirement for payment of $2,000 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 w
as reasonable. He decided that it was not. The learned judge did so without referring to the relevant considerations which we have just been discussing. He appears to have concluded that a readiness on the part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 of appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368  to abandon two on-site parking spaces in return for a cash payment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 of itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
 indicated that such spaces were not essential to the reasonable development of the land or of the area in general. With respect we do not agree. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 In our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 opinion,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 upon the facts of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
 condition No. 5 was a valid exercise of the power. The appeal wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9338802\charrsid8138368 ll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5121729\charrsid8138368 
 be allowed with costs in this Court and in the Court below and the orders made will be set aside and the originating summons will be dismissed. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid277175\charrsid8138368 Appeal allowed. 
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