{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi37\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang3081\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f49\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f50\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f52\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f399\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f400\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f402\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}
{\f403\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f406\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f407\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}
{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}
{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5275060 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9512185\charrsid9512185 [1980] 26 FLR 93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1140175 
 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 Civil Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 NORTHERN HOTELS LIMITED 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13438463 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 GORDON C. OLIVER
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14835326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 Madhoji, J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13438463 
\par 
\par 2 January 1980}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 Lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 , Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 , Native Lands Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 purpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 
ed agreement for lease/option to purchase Hotel premises and lands illegal and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930  void}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  took possession}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 no prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  authorities to trans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10170930 
 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 defe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 ndan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  entitlement to possession n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930  sustainable because dependant on an illegal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid10170930 transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid10170930 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid9512185 Mrs A, Prasad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  for the Plaintiff 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9512185\charrsid9512185 B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3882925\charrsid9512185 N. Sweetman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  for defendant 
\par 
\par Northern Hotels Limited (Plaintiff) as a registered proprietor sought to recover possession of certain hotel premises namely the Korolevu Beach Hotel and land and premises there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  The defendant is an American citizen and as the learned judge found later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 a non-resident }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  purposes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 Act Cap 137.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  The defendant counter claimed for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 specific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  performanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 e of a purported agreement to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
lease dated 10 October 1979. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 The directors of the plaintiff were 4 sisters namely Elima P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 etrie Sykes, Do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 ra 
Petrie French, Winifred Petrie Irving, Kathleen Petrie C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 ark }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 and her husband William James Cl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 ark. They were also its only shareholders. From time to time alternate directors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9512185 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
ed in their stead. 
\par 
\par In 1978 the plaintiff leased the hotel property to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 lessees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  who however, encountered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 nancial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
 difficulties and indicated an inability to continue. On hearing of this defendant became interested in taking a lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
 hotel property as well as certain airport and nearby with an option to purchase them. This was communicated to Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
Sykes on 12 September 1979 when he tempted to secure the agreement of Mesdames Sykes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  Irving and French to the leasing to him of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 Korolevu airport land from the company, and taking a lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  hotel, but he met with no success. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 The lessees left the premises}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  whereupon the defendant immediately }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 saw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  the Clarks and discussed a draft lease a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 greement he had prepared headed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 \'b7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 Agreement to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 (with lease/option to purchase)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 ".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 
\par The Clarks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 th some amendments agreed to this document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8543649 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  a proper agreement to lease with option to purchase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  hotel property was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  drawn by a Mr Ke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 il}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  whose firm were solici}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1865797 tors for the plaintiff and also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13781376 the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6060672 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170930\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 On the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 evening}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  1979 an a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 genda giving
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  notice a meetin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 directors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 next day, with a copy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 docu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 nt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  was delivered to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363 Mrs Sykes in Suva. This was the first she had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 heard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  proposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid3164363 or what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3882925\charrsid3164363  had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 going on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603 between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  the Clarks and the defendant. The two directors in Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 , Mes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 dames French and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170930 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 rving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 were not informed about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 the proposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 asing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 the hotel property and airport land to defendant or of the meeting of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  of dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 ctors. Mrs Sykes telephoned them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  after receiving the agenda and copies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 of the documents on the eveni}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 ng of the 9 October 1979}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
\par Thereupon Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170930 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170930\charrsid13916603 rving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 asked Mr Sykes to appear on her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 behalf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 at the meeting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  oppos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 e the leases and seek a postpon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 ement of decisions on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170930\charrsid13916603 them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
\par Mr Keil had for sometime been the alternate director and acted for Mrs French. On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9403696\charrsid13916603 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  1979 he sent a telegram to S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 ydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
 to Mrs French stati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 ng}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  he was una}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 bl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 e to continue as an alternate director.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
\par At the meeting there were present as directors the Clarks, Mrs Sykes and also Mr Sykes who attended as attorney for Mrs Irving. He claimed to be acting under a power of attorney for her. He moved that the meeting be postponed, Mrs Sykes supported him, the
 Clarks opposed him. The meeting then proceeded to vote on the Airport lease/and lease/option to purchase the hotel property by the defendant. The voting continued the same. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid13916603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 That afternoon the 2 agreements to lease were executed, signed by the Clar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 k'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
s for the plaintiff and by the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid9403696 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 
Keil prepared caveats to protect the defendant's interest. The defendant took possession of the premises on or about 11 or 12 October 1979. Thereafter he carried out extensive repairs or maintenance to the building. 
The learned trial judge found out that at no time before or after defendant were in possession was the question of consent to the Crown the Native Land Trust Board or the Minister for Lands under the Land Sales Act discussed and that such consents have ne
ver been obtained. On 25 October 1979 a solicitor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid9403696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 Marquardt-Gra}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  was retained by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid9403696 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603 French and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13916603\charrsid13916603  Irving on behalf of plaintiff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13916603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 On 26 October 1979 a meeting of the board of directors of plaintiff was held, present being M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 s Cla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 k, Mesdames Sykes, Irving and French. It was resolved, on the advice of M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  Marquardt -Gray that defendant be informed that the agreements of 10 October 1979 were of no validity and the defendant was in illegal occupation. Mr Keil was advised by M}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  Marquardt-Gray that defendant was in illegal occupation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Upon being asked to vacate,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 
 the defendant indicated he relied on the earlier alleged agreement. Further correspondence and meetings took place. The plaintiff took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 
ion for possession of the property the subject of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 said lease set out in Schedule 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  to the Agreement of 10 October 1979.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 was noted that the la}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 nds and premises and in occupation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  the defendant owned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 included}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696  2 Na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 tive leases tota}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 lling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  approximately 10 acres,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  a Crown lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 which was a 
Protected lease of 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  acre }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 9.7 perches and a Native leases containing 10 acres and 1 roods}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045773 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  11 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 erches of native land. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 The lease the hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  and adjoining land were all affected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 
 the pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ovision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 s of the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Native}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  and the Land Sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 les }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  respectively so as to require,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363  in not diss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 imilar terms that there should b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9403696\charrsid3164363 e consent to the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 agreements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  dated 10}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320  October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  197}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045773 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3045773 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  there to b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 
e validity of the defendant's pur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 orted lease. It was note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 d there were no such consents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
defendant pleaded that the agreement was subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s in that it was subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320  to the necessary consents b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
eing obtained: that the parties would join in seeking such consents and the agreement remained inoperativ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 e until consents were obtained.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
The learned trial judge found that the purported agreement to lease was illegal and void pursuant to the Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510  S.12,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  S.13 and Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  (Cap. 137) S.6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 i.e. as to each separate category of land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 The last secti
on prohibited a non-resident (as the defendant was) from making a contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  to purchase or lease land without prior consent of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 e Minister unless the land did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 not exceed one acre in area. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par The Judge found that the plaintiff also was a party to the purport
ed agreement to lease which was illegal and void, yet it was entitled to recover possession of its land without recourse to the agreement on the strength of its title; whereas the defendant could not rely on the purported Agreement to justify his remainin
g on possession i.e. because of its illegality. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
The Judge noted the plaintiff has obtained the necessary consent to institute the proceedings already.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
: Judgment was enter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 ed for the plaintiff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par The defendant was ordered to deliver up possession of all the said land and property forth with to the plaintiff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par Defendant's counter claim was dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par Case referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658 Chalmer's v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577658 [1963] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658 R 677}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1140175\charrsid2577658 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid2577658  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 Phalad v Sukhraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577658 [1978] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 24 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 R 170}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1140175 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 St. John Shipping Corporation v. Joseph Rank Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  (1957) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577658 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 B 267}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1140175 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 Amar Singh v. Kulubya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  (1964) A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 C 142}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1140175 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 Logessa v. Pachamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 (Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14947543 Court of Appeal No.59 of 1979)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 [1979] F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7959715  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 C 99}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829922 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\cf9\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10829922\charrsid10829922 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid10829922 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 MADH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 OJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 J. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4158510\charrsid4158510 Judgment
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4158510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par In outline the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 s and background to this case as I find them are as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par The plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  Northern Hotels Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  is and has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  at all material times}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  the registered proprietor of all the freehold lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
 Native Leases and Crown leases referred to in paragraph 2 of the Amended Statement of Claim and described in the first schedule thereto and also in the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 gre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 ement to Lease (Ex. 20) Sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 hedule One on which are erected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 certain premises kno}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510 wn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  as the Korolevu Beach Hotel (hereinafter called the Hotel property). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par The directors of Northern Hotels Limited at all m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 aterial times were four sisters,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
 namely Elima Petrie Sykes. Dora Petrie French, Winifred Petrie Irving and Kathleen Petrie Clark together with William James Clark, the husband of the last named. These directors were the only shareholders in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  Company. From time to time alternate directors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
ed for those directors who were abroad. This is sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 wn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  by the evidence and Exhibits 84 and 85. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3618529 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 Sometime in 197}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  the plaintiff leased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 the Hotel property to Mr and Mrs O'Dwyer. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363 
t is clear from his letters to the Directors of Northern Hotels L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 imited (Ex. 29) dated 29th June,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  1979 and Ex. 19 dated 26th September}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  1979 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 after operating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4158510\charrsid3164363  the Hotel for some time he was in serious financial difficulties during 1979. In his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 letter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 29th September, 1979 he says he i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 s unable to carry on as lessee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2042763 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2042763\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 the Hotel property because he is unable to meet his financial commitments. He asked for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 certain}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  clauses in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 
 to be waived but agreed to continue until a successor took over the Hotel from him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3618529 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 The defendant, Mr Oliv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220 
er, an American citizen in Fiji,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  under a permit (see Ex. 17) was at this time working on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 y}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 att Regency Hotel not very far from Korolevu Beach Hotel. He had met and had discussions with Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 O'Dwyer and the Clarks and was aware }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  O'Dwyer's financial difficulties. He became interes
ted in taking a lease of the Hotel property as well as of the airport land nearby with an option to purchase them. The report of David Ragg of Fiji Property Centre attached to an agenda for a Board }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 of Directors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  meeting (Ex. 17A) which appears not to have b
een held, shows Mr Oliver's interest in taking a lease of the Hotel property with an option to purchase it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  In the penultimate paragraph }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  report Mr Ragg says "In essence Mr Oliver's offer is being presented on the assumption that before 1st December,
 1979 the current lessee will relinquish his lease in which case Oliver's lease/option to buy could then be considered should Northern Hotels so desire". The evidence of Mr Oliver and Mrs Sykes shows Mr Oliver's knowledge that O'Dwyer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 was not going to "survive" long as lessee and his interest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 taking the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 
 Hotel on lease with an option to purchase. In his meeting with Mr Sykes on 12th September, 1979 when he attempted to secure the agreement of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 
Mrs Sykes, Mrs Irving and Mrs French to the leasing to him of Korolev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220 u Airport land from the Company,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 
 he raised the question of his taking a lease of the Hotel but met with no success. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 Suddenly in the early hours of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 30th September, 1979 the O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 
Dywers left the Hotel without informing anyone that they were leaving or m
aking any arrangements for a successor to take over the Hotel. After receiving information that the O'Dywers had left, Mr Oliver immediately saw the Clarks that very day and discussed a draft lease agreement (Ex. 55) dated 30th September, 1979 which Mr Ol
iver had prepared that day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  it is headed "Agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363 ment to Purchase (With Lease/Option to purchase) the Korolevu Beach Hotel by Gordon C. Oliver" and contains the terms and conditions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220\charrsid3164363 of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3618529\charrsid3164363  proposed agreement. The Clarks found this agreement acceptable with 
some modifications and it was agreed that a proper agreement to lease with option to Mr Oliver to purchase the Hotel property be drawn up by Mr Keil of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
Mitchell Keil and Associates who were solicitors for Northern Hotels Limited and also for Mr Oliver. Mr 
Keil in due course prepared the documents in respect of the Hotel property and also the Airport land. Mr Oliver and the Clarks came to Suva and after discussions approved the agreements after making some amendments. A meeting of the Board of Directors was
 set by the Clarks for 1 p.m. on 10th October, 1979 at the Northern Hotels office in Air Pacific House in Suva to approve the proposed lease agreements. 
\par 
\par However, it was not until the evening of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9905220  9th October,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  1979 that the agenda (Ex.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 \'b7
49) giving notice and purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting together with a copy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  proposed lease agreements for the Hotel and the airport was delivered to Mrs Sykes at her home }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Suva. According to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  he caused the envelope to be delivered to her at the request of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Mr Keil.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  This is the first intimation M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 rs Sykes had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  proposed agreements and what was going on between the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 lark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s and Mr Oliver. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The two directors in Sydney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid8067491 Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8067491\charrsid8067491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid8067491 French}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and Mrs Irving were not informed about the proposed leases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Hotel property and airport land to Mr Oliver or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Board of Directors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 fixed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 for 10th October, 1970 although Mrs Clark had telephoned them soon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 O'Dywers left to inform them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  O'Dywers departure. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  intimation they had of the 10th October meeting and these proposed leases was when Mrs Sykes telephoned them after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 receiving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the agenda and copies of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 documents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 on the evening of 9th October, 1979. As a result Mrs Irving asked Mr Sykes, to whom she had given a power of attorney (Ex. 50) in 1977, t
o appear on her behalf and represent her at a meeting and to oppose the proposed leases and to have decisions on them postponed to give her time to consider t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 he matters on the agenda.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Paragrap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  7 of this Power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  was as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6766439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 To}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  exercise all powers, rights and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 authorities which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 I have or shall be entitled to exercise as a director or shareholder in any company incorporated in Fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 ji and conferred on me by the Art}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 icles }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
that company or otherwise or as a director or shareholder in any other company incorporated or carrying on business in Fiji or elsewhere." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6766439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I am satisfied from the evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6766439  Mrs Sykes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Mrs Irving and Mr Clark that Mr Sykes had attended meetings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Northern Hotels Limited Board }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of Directors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in the past as attorney for Mrs Irving. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 Extr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  from the minutes }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of previous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meetings (Ex. 84 and 85) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 show that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr Sykes attended these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 meetings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 as "Alternate Director" for Mrs Irving on some occasions and as "Attorney" for Mrs Irving on other occasions. I am also satisfied from Mrs Irving's evidence that this power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of attorney}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  had never been revoked by her although Mr Sykes had ceased to attend Board Meetings in this capacity for some time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Keil,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  a solicitor in the firm }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 of Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Keil and Associates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  had for some time been the alternate director and attended Board Meetings for and on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 behalf of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mrs French who lived in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 Sydney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 , Australia. As I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 have noted he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ed as solicitor for Northe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 Hotels}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Limited as well as for Mr Oliver and he had prepared the lease documents fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 r t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
he Hotel property and the Airpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  la}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 nd to Mr Oliver. He says he pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 pared the lease documents as instructed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ut says he only became aware on 9.10.79 that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 meeting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  was to b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e held on 10.10.79 to consider the leases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6766439  to Mr Oliver. He admits he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 seen the agenda }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 for this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting. He did not at any time send a copy of the lease documents to Mrs French }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 for whom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 he was alternate director}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
inform her of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 meeting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to be held on 10.10.79. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  at 10.50 a.m. on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439\charrsid3164363 morning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  of 10.10.79 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195835 follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ing telegram was despatched }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  him to Mrs French-in Sydney: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1195835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 "Please be advised that I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 am unable to continue as your alternate director on Northern Hotels Board. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid1195835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 F. G. Keil"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 This telegram was sent by ordinary rate by his directions. In his telegram he di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 not mention that a Board Meeting to consider Mr Oliver's leases was to be held that same day at 1 p.m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 i.e. only 2 hours and 10 min}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 utes after his telegram was des}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
patched from Suva. He says he decided to resign only that morning but there is evidence from Mr Clark and Mr Oliver that Mr Keil had told them earlier that he intended to resign as alternate director for Mrs French. Mr Keil must have known that a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835\charrsid3164363 very}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  valuable asset of Northern Hotels Limited in which Mrs French was a shareholder and director}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 was involved in the leas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 e documents he had prepared giv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ing Mr Oliver the option t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 o purchase these properties yet,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  from the time he re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ived instructions to prepare lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835\charrsid3164363 documents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting on 10.10.79 he refrained from informing Mrs French of what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 as happening. If he had wished to allow time to Mrs French to make alternative arrangements to be represented at the Board Meeting on 10.10.79 he could have telephoned her after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195835 receiving instruc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 tions to prepare the documents or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835\charrsid3164363 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  latest after he was informed on the 9.10.79 of the date and time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 , all he di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 d was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 just}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to send her an ordinary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 rate telegram 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  hours 10 minutes befo
re the time appointed for the B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195835 oa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 rd Meeting giving Mrs French virtually no time to arrange t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 o b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e represented at it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The meeting of the Board of Directors was held at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 1 p.m. on 10.10.79 as is men}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
tioned in the minutes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  meeting Ex. 49. Mr Keil did not attend at all. The Clarks and Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 Sykes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  attended as directors. However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 kes also attended as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  for Mrs Irving.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 right to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  a vote was challenged }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  minutes say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "it}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 was decided that legal opinion be sought on this." Mr Sykes told the meet
ing that Mrs Irving had phoned him and asked him to attend the meeting on her behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
under the power of attorney which had never been revoked. Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 Sykes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 moved that the meeting be postponed and Mrs Sykes supported him. The Clarks opposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 postponement. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  me
eting then proceeded to vote on the Airport lease and lease/option to purchase the Hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 property to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Mr Oliver. The voting on these two items was the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 , M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 and Mrs Clark supporting it and Mr and Mrs Sykes opposing it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 That s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ame afternoon after the meeting,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the two a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 reements to lease were executed and Ex. 20 is the Agreement in respect of the Hotel Property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 It is signed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 Clarks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 for Northern Hotels Limited and bears the company's seal and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4867884\charrsid3164363 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the defendant Mr Oliver. On the same day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  that is 10.10.79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  immediate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the execution of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Ex.20. Mr Keil prepared caveats (Ex. 56) to protect Mr Oliver's interest in the land comprised in the agreement to lease Ex. 20. The caveats were sworn by Mr }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 Oliver that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  afternoon and registered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr Keil at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  9 a.m. the next morn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  On }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 .10.79 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Keil }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 on instructions fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 om Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  and Mrs Clark,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  wrote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  letter to Mrs Sykes (Ex. 3). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10711164 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "We have been consulted by Mr and Mrs Clark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  with respect to the above meet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ing and have advised that in our opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  as no proper notice was given for Mr Sykes to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  as alternate director for Mrs Irving whether director under power
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 he had not standing as alternate director at that meeting. That the decisions on the matters before the Board were properly made notwithstanding that the decisions were by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 majority}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and not unanimous of the persons present and entitled to vot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 e."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 It is clear that Mr and Mrs Clark had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 acted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 similar advice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  from Mr Keil when they executed the Lease Agreements on 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 .l0.79. It is also clear from notes in pencil made by Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Keil on Ex.83 (Marquardt-Gray and Company's }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164\charrsid3164363 letter on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 rs Sykes written in reply to Mr Keil's letter Ex. 3) tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 t Mr Keil's advice was based on}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  information given to him that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Sykes had never}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 d as alternate director for Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Irving under this power of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  attorney. However, as the evidence shows,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr Sykes had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10711164 acted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  as alternate director for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
Mrs Irving in the past. Mrs Sykes in her reply to Mr Keil dated 11.10.79 (Ex. 52) informed Mr Keil of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10711164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 On 26th October, 1979 a meeting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Board o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7631923 f Directors, at which Mrs Sykes,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr and Mrs Clark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Mrs French and Mrs I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 rv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ing were present was again convened (Ex. 49). A resolution was passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 that, 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1665315 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the adv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 ice of Mr Marquardt-Gray, Mr Oli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ver be informed that the two agreements executed as a result of the meeting: on 10.10.79 had no validity and that Mr Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 was in illegal occupation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  premises. By his letter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923  25.1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 0.79 Mr Marquardt-Gra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 y informed Mr Keil in reply to M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 r Keil's letter
 of 11.10.79 that in his opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  both agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  were invalid for the reasons stated in it and that the agreements having no legal validity, Mr Oliver was in illegal occupation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  properties and that he must vacate them failing which legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16012294 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ion would be taken. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 On 2.11.79 as a result of a further Board Meeting on 29.10.79 Mr Marquardt-Gray }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 wr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ote a further letter to Mr Oliver (Ex. 4) informing him that the agreements had no legal validity on the grounds stated in the letter and inviting Mr Oliver to re-negotiate the agreements failing which he was informed that legal proceedings to evi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 ct him would be instituted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 In r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 eply Mr Oliver wrote back to Mr Marquardt-Gray (Ex. 5) on 9.11.79 and the first three paragraphs of his letter are as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7631923 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 This 
is in response to your letter of November 2, 1979. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631923\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 A\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
The under signed holds signed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  with Northern Hotels Limited that bear the corporate seal of Northern Hotels Limited. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Your request that I commence negotiations is unconscionable and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 irrelevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  since I possess a legally binding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2782007 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  with Northern Hotels Limited. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 C\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Any disputes between shareholders of Northern Hotels is not my concern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and any further suggestions as to the validity of the agreements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Northern Hot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 els shareholders levelled at me,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  will be construed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007  me as aggravation,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and will quickly result in legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16012294 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ion on my part," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e passed your letter to my Fiji Legal Counsel Mitche}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 
ll Keil and Associates.........}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 If you desire any further communication or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16012294 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid407990 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 then please consult directly with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007  Mitchell Keil and Associates.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16261045 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 On 21.1.80 Mr Marquardt-Gray again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2782007 wrote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  a letter (Ex. 6) to Mr Oliver stating that the agreement Ex. 20 was illegal and void on the grounds stated in the letter and requiri
ng Mr Oliver to vacate the Hotel property within 14 days and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 appropriate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 proceedings would be taken in the Supreme Court without further notice should he fail to vacate the premises as required. In the meantime, on 15.10.79 Mrs French and Mrs Irving had sent the following telegram to Mr Keil: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
"Understand Board Meeting held without agenda notice to us as directors and shareholders at which lease of Korolevu Airpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 rt and lease of Korolevu Hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 with option to purchase passed stop. As real estate involved we instruct you as solicitor Northern Hotel suspend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16012294 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ion unt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 il we are properly represented"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 In reply Mr Keil cabled back to them the same day as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "Re telegram we have ceased to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  as solicitors for Northern Hotels" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 As to the Hotel property, on 12.10.79,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  that is two days after the execution of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 
the agreement to lease Ex.20. M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 rs Clark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 signing as Director, Northern Hotels Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  sent circular memorandum to all empl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 
oyees of Korolevu Beach Hotel. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 he last paragraph of which reads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "Effectiv
e this date Northern Hotels Limited has executed an agreement for L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 ease and Purchase of the Korolevu Beach Hotel to Gordon C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Oliver (Co. Developer Hotel/Owner o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 f N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ew }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 y}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 tt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Regency). Application for employment should therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007  be made to the new management."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2782007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I find and there is no dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 and it is admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Oliver,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 that he entered into and took possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Hotel property either on the 11th or 12th October after the lease agreement was executed. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 The d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 efence in paragraphs 2 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2782007 o 5 of the statement of defence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  admits that the plaintiff is the registered proprietor of the titles to the lands itemised in the first schedule to the Statement of Claim and that on o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  about 10.10.79 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  "on the aut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
hority and consent and on terms agreed with the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 took possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said land and premises" and that "pursuant to the ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s agreed with the plaintif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  he carried out "certain maintenance and r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 
epairs to the said premises."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Mrs Clark in her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 evidence says possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Hotel was given to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 on 11.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16261045 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 .79 when she returned to Korolevu after signing the lease agreement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Mr Oliver says he was asked by Mr and Mrs Clark to take immediate possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Hotel after the lease agreement was execut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 ed and he took possession on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
th or 12th October 1979 and since that time to the present he has been in possession of the property and has been operating the Hotel. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 described in detail the substan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 tial repairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  maintenance, and building work he has carr
ied out on the property including the buildings and bures since entering into possession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 It is clear from the evidence and I find that at no time either during the negotiations for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the lease agreement Ex. 20 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 or at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 of its}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  execution or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 before or after Mr Oliver entered into possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  property was the question of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 consent }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  Crown,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Native Land Trust Board or the Minister of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Lands under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  discussed raised or adverted to either b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Mr Keil}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Clarks or Mr Oliver. Mr Oliver said in his evidence that his attention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 as not drawn to any requirement for consent on 10.10.79 and there was no discussion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 need for such consent. I also find that the such consent has not since been obtained. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 fact that such con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 sents hav
e not been obtained are also admitted in the pleadings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 On 10.12.79 the Director of Lands,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in response to a query by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  Marquardt-Gray and Company,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  informed him that his records sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 wed that consent to lease agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ment (Ex. 20) in respect of Crown Lease 4198 thereon had not been obtained. On 11.12.79 the Native Land Trust Board informed Marquardt-Gray and Company, that such consent had not been obtained in respect of the Native Leases in Ex. 20. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 It was not until February/March 1980. (see Ex 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4335885 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4335885 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 46) that Sir Joh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Falvey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6581974 wr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ote to the Director of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
Lands and the Native Land Trust Board asking on behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 of Mr Olive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  for the required consents under the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 , Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
. However no such consent was then or has at any time since then been given. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 An examination of the agreement to lease Ex. 20 shows that it contains the following recital: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4335885\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6581974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
..............and whereas the Owner has agreed to lease to and grant an option to purchase to the Company the said Hotel more particularly described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 irst schedule hereto together with out buildings and Owner's tra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6581974 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e and othe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 r fix}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 tures fittings, furniture,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 plant and equipment specifically described in the second schedule hereto (hereinafter referred to collectively as the "said premises").}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
However, the agreement has a first schedule but there is no second schedule attached. Mr Oliver admits that such a schedule was never prepared and agreed upon and I find as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  from the evidence before me that such a schedule was not at any stage prepared or agreed to by the parties to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Mr Oliver subsequent to his entering into posse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 ssion sent cheques for rent pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ment for the Hotel was returned. Ex. 25 returning a cheque sent as rent for the Hotel was returned with a note that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 Mr Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 had no right title or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 interest in the Hotel and that he continued in occupation as a trespasser. Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201  Oliver still remains in posses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 sion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 property and the pla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201 intiff, Northern Hotels Limited, as registered prop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
rietor and the plaintiff, Northern Hotels Limited, as registered proprietor seeks to recover possession of the Hotel property, land and premises at Korolevu and the defendant counterclaims for specific performance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said agreement to lease Ex. 20 dated 10.10.79. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The plaintiff by paragraph 7 of its reply filed on 19.2.82 abandoned all claims except its claim for possession of the said land. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I am satisfied and find that the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 is the registered proprietor }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5913201\charrsid3164363 of all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the said land. (Ex. 7-13). As I have already found the defendant is in possession of the said land and that prior to this }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ion the plaintiff demanded possession back from the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The plaintiff having established a prima facie right to possession of the said land, the onus is on the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to establish a lawful right or title under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 which he is entitled to remain in possession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The defendant relies upon the said agreement to lease Ex. 20 to set up a right or title to possession and seeks specific performan
ce of this agreement. In support to this claim to specific performance he contends that this agreement was subject to the implied terms pleaded in paragraph 10 of the Amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid9715666 co}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715666 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid9715666 nter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715666\charrsid9715666  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid9715666 claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  which in substance are that the agreement was subject to the necessary consents being obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 that the parties would join in seeking such consents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 and that the agreement remained inoperative and inchoate until such consents were obtained notwithstanding the defendant's entry into possession. Paragraphs 15-17 of the Amended counterclaim allege}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in substance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  that even if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the agreement is illegal in respect of the Native Leases and Cro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 wn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Leases}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  it is severable and valid as to the freehold land. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4335885\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 defend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 withdrew paragraphs 18-20 of the Amended counter-claim. There was clear evidence from the defendant that the Comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 any when form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ed subsequently was controlled by himself and hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 s wife, both non-residents for t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 he purposes of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  t}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Cap. 137. (1978 Edn.) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The plaintiff, by paragraph 4 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 its defence to the Amended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  Counterclaim filed on 18.12.82,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  contends that the said agreement is illegal under the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and the Native Land Trust }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . The plaintiff has withdrawn paragraph 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid13260952 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and 5 relating to the Liquor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and the Land Transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . By paragraph 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 pleads section 59 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Cap. 232. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 also pleads that the said agreement was entered into without the authority of the plaintiff or of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2975148\charrsid3164363 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 directors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I have already found that the defendant entered into possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said land on 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 he 11th or 12th October after execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said agreement to lease Ex. 20 on 10th October, 1979 and that he has continued in possession up to the present time and has carried out substantia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 
l repairs and renovations to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e premises on the said l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13260952 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
, and that consents under the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and the Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 were never obtained in respect of the said agreement to lease. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Clause 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to lease provides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "doth hereby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 let" the premises to Mr Oliver, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 for a term of 5 years commencing on 10.10.79 i.e. the day of agreement was executed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Under clause 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid15474099 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the rent is payable as from the date of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 commencement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 term namely from 10.10.79. The tenants covenants to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 pay rates and taxes (clause 3(2)) to repair (clause 3(3))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 to keep the premises open as a hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 during lawful hours (clause 3(8))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to maintain insurance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 
 policies in force (clause 3(13)). All took effect, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 according to the agreement from the commencement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  on 10.10.79. Under (clause 3(5))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Owner is given a right to enter to view the condition }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  premises and under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  (clause 3(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 4))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the tenant is to occupy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
use and keep the premises during the term. There is no clause or provision in the agreement to the effect that it is subject to the requisite consents being obtained or is to rema}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 
in inoperative pending such con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 sents being obtained. It makes no mention of the necessity of any consent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Schedule 1 to the agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to lease Ex. 20 shows that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
the property, the subject of the agreement to lease included Native Lease No. 8314 containing 2 acres 3 roods and Native Lease No. 9458 containing 7 acres 2 roods 11 perches}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 a total of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  10 acres 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  rood 11 perches of native land. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Section 12(1) of the Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  provides: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15474099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
.............it shall not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 be lawful for any lessee under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to alienate or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 deal with any land comprised in his lease ..........." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13454422 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
As I have stated earlier, it is clear from the pleadings, the evidence and the exhibits that the Board's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 consent to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  agreement to lease was neither "f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 irst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 had and obtained" nor has it ever been obtained. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 As we have seen the agreement to lease Ex. 20 clearly constitutes an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  for an immediate lease of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  the land included in Schedule 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 thereto operative and commencing on 10.10.79 the date of execution and commencement of the 5 year term with the tenant having an immediate right to possession of all the land and property comprised in it with the rent payable from the commencement }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  term on 10.10.79, and an immediate right to repair, alter and improve the land buildings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 property situate on the land,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the subject of the said agreement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 As I have found earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Mr and Mrs Clark asked the defendant to take immediate possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  premises an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 
d that he took possession on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 th or 12th October and that he has been in possession of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 all the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreement and has operated the Korolevu Beach Hotel since then to the present day. I have no doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
and find that he took such possession and con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 tinued with such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  possession, pursuant to the rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 
given him,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  under the said agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 . His posses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
sion arises as a result of and is referable to the said agreement and nothing else. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15474099 So, in this case there h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 as been not only agreement to lease Ex. 20 but possession and performance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15474099\charrsid3164363 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreement and carrying it into effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 without}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the requisite consent as in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid6821021 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  (1963) I W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 R 677 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 
where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  it was said (p 684/5). 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "But even treatin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 g}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the matter simply as one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 a licence to occupy, coupled with possession was given, all for the purpose, as Chalmers and Pardoe well knew, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 of erecting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 a dwelling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and accessory buildings it seems to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  that when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  purpose was carried into effect a "dealing" with the land took place. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
.........and since the prior consent of the Board was not obtained it follows that under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  terms of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 section 12......... this dealing with the land was unlawful. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 It is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  true that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid6821021 Ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6821021 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid6821021 
am Singh v Bawa Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Court of Appeal said that it would be an absurdity to say that a mere agreement to deal with land would contravene section 12 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  must necessarily be some prior agreement in all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  cases. Otherwise there would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 nothing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to seek the Board's consent. But in the present case, there was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  merely agreement, but, on one side, full performance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 .....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the dealing was accordingly
 unlawful and that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  circumstances equity cannot lend its aid to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 Cha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503727 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 mers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid6821021 
Phalad v Sukhraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021  24 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6821021 R 170. The appellant h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ad obtained full and complete possession o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 f N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ative Land, without obtaining consent, under a sale and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreemen
t. The agreement provided by clause 23 that it was subject to the consent of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 he Native Land Trust Board. In th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 is judgemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 t Henry J. A. says at page 5: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "In the absence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 a condition such as that set out in clause 23, it is clear that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 trans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  would be one that would come within section 12 because an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
unconditional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreement would pass the property in equity to the appellant as purchaser....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 ....... }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4217262 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 The position is however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 affected by the existence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  condition in clause 23 which prevents specific performance until}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 
 its terms have been fulfilled."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 At page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  he says: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 "T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
he cases already cited show that the courts have held that the mere making of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 act is not n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ecessarily prohibited by section 12. It is the effect of the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 act which must b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e examined to see whether there has been a brea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 ch of section 12......For myself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 I have no doubt but that the true construction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  said agreement and the substantial implementation of such agreement for sale and purchase}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  under which possession is completely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024\charrsid3164363 pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7030024 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7030024\charrsid3164363 ed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
with to the purchaser and immediate mutual rights and liabilities are created in respect of such exclusive possession, is a breach of section 12 if done before consent is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 obtained."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 At page 9 he sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 ys: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "If before consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s are done pending the granting of consent which come }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ithin the prohibited trans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 ions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  then the section has been breached, an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021 d later consent cannot make lawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 that which was earlier unlawful and void..........the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438\charrsid3164363 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  parties in entering into and implementing an agreement for sale and purchase before the granting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 of consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  were done in contravention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  12 and the said agreement was at all times null and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 void}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . The making of the agreement conditional upon........consent being granted does 
not assist appellant because section 12 does not permit the conditional doing of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438\charrsid3164363 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 prohibited by section 12." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6821021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821021\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 In view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6581974 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 s and the above authorities,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 I find that the agreement to Lease Ex. 20 is illegal and void under section 12 of the Native Land Trust A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 ct.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Schedule 1 to the said agreement to lease Ex. 20 shows that it includes Crown Lease No. 4198 being a foreshore lease containing 1 acre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977  9.7 perches
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . This Crown Lease was and is a protected lease (Ex. 7). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Section 13(i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  so far as is relevant provides in respect of a protected Crown Lease: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8207977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 "it shall not be lawful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  lessee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 thereof to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  ali}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 enate or deal with the land com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 prised in the lease or any part thereof, whether by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8932236  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 whats}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8932236 oever.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 ......}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8932236  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ithout the written consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 Director}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 of L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8932236 ands first had and obtained\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ..any sale, transfer, sublease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16133438 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16133438\charrsid3164363 ssignment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  mortgage, or other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 alienation or dealing effected w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ithout such consent shall be null and void." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8207977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
It is admitted on the pleadings and the evidence establishes and I find that the director's consent was not "first had and obtained" nor has such consent been obtained since. My findings regarding the defendant entering into possession and his performance
 of the agreement to lease Ex. 20 apply to his Crown Lease. The decisions on the effect of section 13 of the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 show that it is akin to that of section 12 of the Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid8207977 
Logessa v Pachamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid8529735 Fiji Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. 59 of 1979 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid2963131 
at page 16)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . In this case, where a protected Crown Lease was concerned, clause 4 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreement provided that possession would be given to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 a week after the agreement without such consent having been obtained. The purchaser went into possession, built a house on it and cultivated the land before obtaining the consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Director of Lands. It was held that this was a clear breach of section 13. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I therefore find tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 t the said agreement is illegal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 null and void under section 13 of the Crown Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 According to schedule 1 to the said agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  lease Ex. 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 0 it includes 9 freehold titles,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  comprising in all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14228982\charrsid14228982 23 acres, 1 rood,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid14228982  24.8 perches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  I am satisfied from the evidence that as to CT. 3808}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  referred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in schedule 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  only that part of it located south of Queens Road is included in the lease agreement. This is not disputed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Section 6(i) of the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Cap 137 provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8207977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 "No non-resident........}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
shall without the prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 consent in writing of the minister..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ......make any contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  to purchase or take or lease any land." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12190111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8207977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
Provided that nothing contained in this subsection shall operate to require such consent or prevent a non-resident from making any such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 act}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  if the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977  together w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ith any other land in Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 of such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  non-resident does not exceed in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977  aggregate an area of one acre."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8207977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
Section 17 provides that any person who wilfully contravenes the provisions of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  shall be guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8207977 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  an offence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Section 2 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  defines a non-resident. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 It is clear from the evidence that the defendant, Mr Oliver, was at the material time a non-resident for the purposes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  He has admitted he is not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 a citizen of Fiji. Ex. 27 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207977 is summary of his Immigration fil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 hows he entered Fiji in 1978. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 This is supported
 by his own evidence where he says after March 1978 he began residing in Fiji and applied for a permit to work in Fiji that year. Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  he was a non-resident at the material time when he entered into the agreement to lease Ex. 20 as he did not meet the requirements of being a "resident" under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 such time. Ex. 20 is clearly a "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 dealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  within the definition of that word in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 t is also clear from the evide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 nce that prior consent in writi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ng }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  minister wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 s not obtaine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to the making of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  evidenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  Ex. 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 Exhibits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and 47 and the evidence of Mr Singh from the Lands Department }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 establishes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 I am therefore satisfied and find that all the ingredients of section 6(1) of the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4158510 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 established}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 namely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  defendant, Mr O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 iver,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 is a non-resident, that without the prior consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  writing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  he has made a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 take a lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 of land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  described in schedule 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to the said a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 reement to lease. Not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 only}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  has made a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  which by its terms is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
operative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 om the day it was made. Further,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in pursuance of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 it he entered into possession of the land and assum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 
ed all the obligations under it, has attmepted to pay rent under it,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  has operated the Hotel on the land from then to the present time and has carried out substantial repairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  renovations and improvements on the land. 
\par 
\par The prohibition in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  is against the making of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  without "prior consent." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The decisions on the cases under the Native Land Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and Crown Lands }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  show that the words "without prior consent" are interpreted to mean what they say. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 In this case, as I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 mentioned,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  not only was an immediately operative }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act made but it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 was also fully implemented by the defendant without any consent prior o
r otherwise being obtained. Such a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  is prohibited by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 and is illegal and void. The legal principles }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 plicable in such cases are explained by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 Devlin J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11872314 St. John Shipping Corporation v Joseph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11872314 Rank Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  (1957) I Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
B 267 at 283: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11872314 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ......
...the court will no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  enforce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  a contra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ct which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  is expressly or implied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314  pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 hibited by statute. If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  is o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 f this class it does not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 tt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
er what t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 interest of the parties is: i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 f the statute prohibits the cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ct it is unenforceable whether the parties meant to break the law or not." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11872314 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11872314\charrsid3164363 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid867320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 In the circumstances,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 the agreement for lease Ex. 20 is wholly illegal and void}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331  under the Native Land Trust Act,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the Crown Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 in respect of all the land comprised in it. The question of severability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  therefore does not arise. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11548331 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  even assuming that the agreement is f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  example}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  not illegal under the Land Sales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13913133 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  I am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  opinion that the agreement to lease is not capable of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11548331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 severance and that if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 it is void and illegal in respect }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6766439 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  Native Land and Crown Land it is wholly void as the property is l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 
et as a whole at a single rent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363 covenants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 applying to the whole property leased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  and severance would entail apportioning the rent between the various titles and thus making a new }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  for the parties. It is impossible in the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363 of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  agreement to satisfy the "blue pencil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 rule where the court must be able to sever the illegal promise by cu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 tt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ing words out of the agreement. 
\par 
\par The defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331  has pleaded the implied term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s set out in paragraph 10 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  amended counterclaim. I have found the agreement to be illegal and void under all three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
s, the question of implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  does not arise. In any case the implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  pleaded do not assist the defendant because, as I have found, when the agreement to lease was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  by entry into possession and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
s done on the property since possession without necessary consents being first had and obtained, it became }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 illegal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 and void. Even if these implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  were express }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  of the agreement it would become illegal and void upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 performance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 without consent being obtained. For this reason the implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  pleaded in paragraph 10(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ), which is conceded by the plaintiff, does not assist the defendant. As to the implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  pleaded in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11548331 b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 that the agreement would remain inoperative and inchoate until consents were obtained notwithstanding defendant's entry into possession and 
performance of the agreement is not only inconsistent with the express terms of the agreement which provides for the lease to commence on the date of execution but must be rejected ....... because the agreement became illegal and void when it was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  by entry into possession and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 performance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . The agreement cannot be said to be inoperative and inchoate in the circumstances of this case. As to paragraph 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  I have already found that the entry into possession by the defendant was as tenant pursuant to the agreement and not in any other capacity. As to the implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 term}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  pleaded in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11548331\charrsid11548331 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11548331 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 that if the consents were refused the defendant would be compensated for improvements, I agree that such implied terms is not only inconsistent with that pleaded in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11548331\charrsid11548331 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11548331 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11548331\charrsid11548331 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 that agreement would remain inoperative and inchoate until consents were obtained but it would compensate an illegal tenant for illegal improvements and is inconsistent with the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid11548331 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 inal implied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 term}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  pleaded is that upon any consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331  being refused the defen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
dant would have the option to cancel the agreement or to sever off the invalid part and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 affirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11548331\charrsid3164363 contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  as to the balance is untenable. There is a single agreement leasing the whole property and prov
iding for possession to be given of the whole property, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 th a single inseverable rent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to be paid for the whole and the tenant entered into possession and-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548331 performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
 it without}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  consent making the whole agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 ment illegal and void. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 In view of my finding that the agreement to lease Ex. 20 is illegal and void under all three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s, it is not necessary to go into the question whether the agreement is void under the Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 , or the question of the validity of the director's meeting on 10.10.79 or the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  question of presumption of regu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
larity as to the execution of the agreement except to say that on the evidence before me, I cannot but conclude that, as suggested by counsel for the plaintiff, the Director's meeting of Northern Hotels Limit
ed of 10.10.79 was planned for such a time and in such circumstances as to ensure that the two directors in Sydney would not be represented and Clarks would have voting control of their meeting and be able to pass resolutions approving the lease of the Ho
tel and Airport property to the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the plaintiff company i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 s a party to an agreement to lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 se which is ill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5077967 egal and void,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  it is well es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 tab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 lished that it is entitled to recover
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  of its land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the stren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 th of its title. Its right to possession does not depend on the ill}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 eg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 al }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 agreement but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  on its re}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
ered ownership of the land comprised in the lease agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 nt. On the other hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  the defendant cannot rely on such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 ag}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 reement on which alone he has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 to justify hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5077967 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  remaining in possession because of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 its illegality}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5077967 Amar Singh v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 Kulubya}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 (1964)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8390731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 C 142}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 
Logessa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5077967 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 Pachamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid14571299 (Fiji Court of Appeal No. 59 of 1979).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 The plaintiff has ob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 tained the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  consent to institute these proceeding to recover possession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 There will,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 , b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
e judgment for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 
and the defendant is ordered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 to deliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363  possession of all the said land and Hotel property to the plaintiff forth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5077967 wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 th. The de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 endan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 s counterclaim is dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 The defendant is ordered to pay the plaintiffs costs on the claim and the counter-claim to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid867320\charrsid3164363 e taxed if not agreed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid867320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5077967\charrsid3164363 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 Judgme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5077967\charrsid5077967 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 t for the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5077967 laintiff. Order for possession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid867320\charrsid5077967 
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