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{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409992 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 1979}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409992 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933  25 FLR 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 BARAM SEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid12409992 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid12409992 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 GOVIND SWAMY NAIDU & ANOR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 [COURT OF APPEAL (Marsack, J. A., Henry, J. A., Spring J. A.) 7, 29 March 1979]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Civil Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Contract 
\endash  Award of damages \endash  liquidated sum fixed - plaintiff may not recover that sum plus a further sum for actual loss.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 R. D. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~for Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 G. P. Shankar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~for Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The appeal arose out of a building contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The facts need not be recited. They are set out in detail in the judgment. The contract had fixed the \'93liquidated and ascertained damages\'94
 for delay in completion of the contract. A question arose as to whether, if actual damages suffered were greater than the amount fixed by the contract, the injured party was entitled to recover a greater sum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
The Court concluded that in such circumstances, a plaintiff could not recover both the liquidated damages and also a sum concerning the actual loss sustained. The principle was that in the
 case of a sum fixed for liquidated damages, plaintiff may recover that precise amount only. The court reduced an amount awarded accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 See also discussion as to Judges, discretion on costs. In this case the learned judge failed to exercise his discretion correctly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Cases referred to:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
Cellulose Acetate Silk Co. v. Widnes Foundry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~(1933) A.C. 20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Civil Service Co - operative Society Limited v. General Steam Navigation Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~(1903) 2 K.B. 756.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Ritter v Godfrey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~(1920) 2 K.B. 47.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 MARSACK J.A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 JUDGMENT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 In this case the appeal and the cross appeal are against a judgment of the Supreme Court delivered at Lautoka on the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~
July 1978 which decided issues arising from a contract entered into between the parties whereby the appellant, a builder, agreed to erect a house for the respondents upon the terms set out in the written contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The basic facts are not materially in dispute. On the 26 June 1974 the parties signed an agreement whereby the appellant contracted to erect \'93
a dwelling and its appurtenances\'94
 on land belonging to the respondents at Nadi. The specifications attached to the contract were prepared by a draughtsman and were set out in great detail. The total price was fixed at $30,900, and Clause II in the contract laid down provided\~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~that the work was to be \'93
fully completed\'94 by the 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~
December 1974; and fixed $10 a day as liquidated damages for any delay beyond that date. However the certificate of completion and permit to occupy was not issued by the building surveyor of the Nadi Town Council until 26 March 1975.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
In the Supreme Court the appellant took action against the respondent claiming moneys due under the contract amounting to, $6,740. This ,was made up of the balance of the contract price still unpaid, plus a sum of $1,420 for \'93extra work\'94
, that is to say, work beyond what was specified in the contract but which was ordered by the respondents. The respondents counter \endash  claimed for defective workmanship which they alleged appellant would not repair and which would cos
t them $4,563.74 to have rectified by other contractors. They also claimed damages at $10 a day as provided in Clause 5 of the contract, in respect of the delay in completion, and loss of earnings for the same period at $350 a month.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 In his judgment the 
learned trial judge held that two items claimed by the appellant as extra work, and charged up for a total of $520, could not be allowed as they were really covered by the terms of the contact; but two items each of $450, for a double concrete driveway an
d
 the substitution of galvanised for wooden pipes, lay outside the contract and were properly chargeable to the respondents. In allowing this the learned trial judge held that clause 12 of the agreement, which provided that no extra work to be done except 
with the written consent of the respondent, had been waived by them. The $520 disallowed by the learned judge reduced the appellant\rquote s claim to $6220, to which he was held to be entitled, less any sum allowed on the counter claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 With regard to the counte
r - claim the learned judge allowed a total of $630 in respect of the defective workmanship, and for the delay in completion $1,890, being $930 under Clause 5 (93 days at $10 a day) and $960 for loss of rent. The deductions so allowed totalled, $2,520, th
us reducing the amount due to the appellant from $6,220 to $3,700; and judgment was given in favour of the appellants for this amount without costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The grounds of appeal lodged by the appellant may be summarised thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
(1) That the learned trial judge was in error in holding that the appellant was liable for 93 days\rquote  delay in completion of the building;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (2) That in any event the learned judge was wrong in allowing both $930 as liquidated damages, and $960 as loss of rent, for the period of the delay;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (3) That the learned judge erred in disallowing a sum of $520 in respect of the claim for extra work;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (4) That the learned judge erred in deducting from the contract price a sum of $630, for defective workmanship;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (5) That as the appellant had substantially succeeded in the Supreme Court he should not have been deprived of his costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 With regard to the first ground; Clause 5 of the written contract provides that if the work be not completed by the 15 December 1974,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
the Contractor shall pay 
or allow to the Owner a sum computed at the rate of $10.00 per day as liquidated and ascertained damages for delay, provided however that if the work be delayed by force majeure or by reason of exceptionally inclement weather or of authorised extras or ad
ditions or strikes or lock \endash  outs a fair or reasonable extension of time shall be allowed, if the Contractor shall without delay expressly in writing request an extension.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 It is common ground that no written request for an extension of time was made by t
he appellant. Moreover, though evidence was given of some rainy days during the currency of the contract, there is no suggestion that the weather could have been considered as exceptionally inclement for that season. No other explanation was put forward t
o
 show that the admitted delay in completion of the building contract was justified to the extent that the provisions of Clause 5 would not apply. The learned trial judge allowed eight extra days in respect of the time required for the construction of the 
d
ouble concrete driveway which was not included under the contract, but which was constructed by the appellant at the request of the respondents. This, in our opinion, was reasonable. The question of the actual period of the delay, held by the learned tria
l judge to be 93 days, is dealt with later in this judgment. In the result, nothing has been shown to establish the appellant\rquote 
s exemption from liability for a delay of 93 days, with the consequence as set out in Clause 5. This ground of appeal accordingly fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The second ground of appeal must, in our view, succeed. In the written contract, the parties fixed the \'93liquidated and ascertained damages\'94
 for delay in the completion of the contract. As is said in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Mayne on Damages,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~Ed. p. 157:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93Where the s
um consists of liquidated damages for breach of the agreement, fixed and agreed upon between parties, that sum is the ascertained damage.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The mere fact that the actual damage suffered is greater than the amount fixed by the contract does not entitle the injured party to recover a greater sum:
\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Cellulose Acetate Silk Co. v. Widnes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Foundry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~
(1933) A. C 20. It is true that in some cases it has been held that a plaintiff could recover more than the amount fixed in the contract as a penalty; but in no case that
 we have been able to find has it been held that a plaintiff could recover both the liquidated damages and also a sum covering the actual loss sustained. The principle is that in the case of a sum fixed as liquidated damages, a plaintiff may recover that 
precise amount. We therefore reduce the amount allowed under this head from $1,890 to $930.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
As to the third ground: the learned trial judge found that the two items in respect of which $520 was claimed could not properly be regarded as extras. He said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
I am satisfied that they are provided for in the contract.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 With respect we are unable to agree that these two items were provided for in the contract. In the, course of his evidence the appellant stated:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
Owners wanted to change tiles to designed tiles. We agreed on $450.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Also wallboard from plain masonite to designed board. The difference was agreed on as $70.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Respondent Govind Swami Naidu gave, evidence in the following terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
Plaintiff showed me some very inferior types of tile. I did not agree to tiles he selected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 I went and selected tiles myself. I gave samples of my selection to plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 He ordered tiles I selected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93He did not say I would have to pay extra for them;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 I did not tell plaintiff to put in designed wall boards instead of plain boards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 There are twelve designed boards in the house.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Later in the course of his cross - examination this respondent said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
Specifications provided for Vinylflex floor tiles - I don\rquote t know whether they were plain or designed tiles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The ones in use in my home are designed tiles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 I brought samples of tiles. I marked and gave items to him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 I did not ask for change in tiles nor did I agree to pay, the difference in price.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Yes. Wall boards in specifications were plain, whereas plaintiff put in designed boards done not at my request.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
In the specifications Clause 9 provides that at the final adjustment, prime cost vouchers or receipts must be available for inspection so that, the contract sum may be adjusted in accordance with the amounts actually ex
pended. A schedule of prime cost items set out in the specifications provides for floor tiles in the following terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 "1" \'d7
 "1" Unglazed tiles provided to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 the floor of W.C.\rquote s and shower\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ \~\~$0.50 cents sheets}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Vinylflex floor tiles 9\'b4\'b4 \'d7 9\'b4\'b4 provided to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~and ground floor\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ \~\~\~$2.10 sq. yd.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 In exhibit 8 the contractor sets out the actual cost of the designed tiles chosen by the owner as $799.22; whereas the total co
st if the original tiles specified had been used would have amounted to $350.53. the difference as shown is $448.69 and this according to the appellant\rquote 
s evidence was agreed upon at the round figure of $450. Further, in the same exhibit are figures showing
 the difference between the cost of the designed wall boards actually installed and those provided for in the specifications, the additional cost amounting to $70. The total additional cost in respect of the tiles and the designed wall board thus amounts 
to $520 as claimed. No argument was put forward at the hearing of the appeal as to the unreasonableness or otherwise of this figure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
In all we are satisfied on the evidence that the designed tiles and wall boards used in the completing of the house were of superior quality to those described in the specifications; and that therefore they could not properly be described as \'93
provided for in the contract\'94
. Clause 9 of the specifications provides that there may be an adjustment of the contract sum in accordance with the amounts actually expended. That being so, we find that the sum of $520 should not have been deducted from the appellant\rquote s c
laim as was done in the judgment of the learned trial judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
With regard to the fourth ground: there was ample evidence, accepted for what appears good reason by the learned trial judge, establishing the fact that the workmanship had been defective to th
e extent shown in the particulars set out. Nothing was put before this Court to show that there had been, in fact, no such defective workmanship; and it must be held to have been fully proved. There is accordingly no merit in this ground of appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 As to the fifth ground relating to the question of costs: for the reasons which follow, we cannot, with respect, accept the learned trial judge\rquote 
s decision. The appellant was forced to sue the respondents for moneys which he claimed they were wrongfully retainin
g and, as it transpires, he was right so to do; as the appellant was substantially successful before the Supreme Court. The Court has an absolute and unfettered discretion to award or not to award costs:\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Halsbury\rquote s Laws}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~Edn. Vol. 30 para. 795 p.421.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The principle relating to costs was enunciated by Lord Sterndale M. R. in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Ritter v. Godfrey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~(1920) 2 K.B. 47 at p. 52 where he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
But there is such a settled practice of the courts that in the absence of special circumstances a successful 
litigant should receive his costs, that it is necessary to show some ground for exercising a discretion by refusing an order which would give them to him. The discretion must be judicially exercised, and therefore there must be some grounds for its exerci
se, for a discretion exercised on no grounds cannot be judicial. If, however, there be any grounds, the question of whether they are sufficient is entirely for the judge at the trial and this court cannot interfere with his discretion.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Counsel for the ap
pellant submitted that the learned trial judge in the case now under appeal had not dealt with the question of costs in accordance with the above statement of the law when he said in the course of his judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
Because each side has succeeded to some extent ..... there will be no order as to costs.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
With respect, we are of opinion that the learned trial judge failed to exercise his discretion judicially on the question of costs in accordance with the principle stated above. As Lord Alverstone said on a matter involving an award of costs in\~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Civil Service Co-operative Society Limited v. General Steam Navigation Ltd\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (1903) 2 K.B. 756 at p. 766:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
If it appears that a judge has not exercised his discretion or has decided upon grounds which are not open to him this court can still deal with his decision.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
For these reasons we conclude that costs should have been awarded to the appellant. To avoid further reference to the Supreme Court we fix the amount to be allowed to the appellant in the Supreme Court at $100 plus disbursements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Accordingly, the appeal succeeds in that the amount of appellant\rquote 
s claim under the contract is increased from $6,220 to $6,740; less deductions for delay in completion of the contract, $930, and faulty workmanship, $630; and appellant is entitled to some costs in the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The cross appeal, is based on four grounds which could be shortly set out under:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
(a) That the learned trial judge, erred in law and in fact in holding that clause 12 of the contract had been waived by the respondent;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (b) That the delay in completion for which appellant was responsible should be calculated as at least 261 days and not 93, days;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (c) That the sum of $900 should not have been awarded for extra work done;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 (d) That a considerably higher sum should have been allowed in respect of the defective workmanship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Ground (a) is based on clause 12 of the written contract which reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
The Contractor shall not be entitled to do any extra or additional work or to make any variation of the plans and specifications without the written consent of the Owner and Home Finance Company Limited.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 It is common ground that the written consent of the owner was not obtained. In our opinion, any additional work covered by Clause 12 must refer to addition
al work relating to the completing of the house and its appurtenances, but cannot have reference to any work lying outside the scope of the contract The construction of the driveway was quite independent of what was covered by the contract, and accordingl
y there was no necessity for a written agreement, in respect of that particular job.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
In any event, even if it could be held that the work came within the scope of the contract, that particular clause could legally be waived when a request was made by the 
party concerned. It is clear law that compliance with a particular stipulation in a contract may be waived by agreement or conduct: 8 Halsbury, 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~Ed., para 299. When, as here, one party makes a special request to another party for a latter to do some wor
k for him, and the work is performed, it would be contrary to all the principles of justice that the party obtaining the benefit of the work should be able to avoid liability for payment for it on a technical objection such as that raised in this case. Th
is ground fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
Ground (b) appears to be based on a contention that the period of delay, should be calculated up to the time when all the items of defective workmanship had been remedied. But these were matters which lay outside the scope of the contract
 itself. The learned trial judge found that the figure claimed was \'93somewhat perplexing and unrealistic\'94
. He held that the delay should be calculated up to the time when a certificate of completion and permit to occupy was issued by, the appropriate municipal authority. This was on the 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
of March 1975. We are satisfied that the learned trial judge was justified in his finding that the period of delay for which the appellant is liable in damages was correctly fixed as expiring on that date, giving a total of 93 days in all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
No convincing argument was put forward on ground (c). It was clearly established that the additional work already referred to above was carried out, by the appellant at the request of the respondents and there is no suggestion that the
 amount allowed in respect of that work is unreasonable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 On ground (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 the argument of counsel for the respondents was directed to a consideration of the conflicting evidence given in respect of the defective workmanship by architect Frederick Graham Wal
ker for the appellant and joinery manager,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
Mahmood Khan, for the respondents. The witness Walker deposed that it would cost between $350 and $450 to complete the house in accordance with the plans and specifications. The witness Khan estimated that the t
otal cost would amount to $5,456.70.The learned trial judge found that Mr. Walker who was the architect supervising the work on behalf of the mortgagee; Home Finance Company Limited, was an Independent and neutral witness. He also stated that he found the
 evidence of witness Khan of little use. The latter\rquote 
s quotation was prepared three years after the construction of the dwelling house was completed. Moreover, it can hardly be said that he was an independent and neutral witness as in the course of his evidence he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \'93
I am hopeful to get contract to do job of rectifying defect.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 The learned trial judge took the higher figure of Mr. Walker\rquote 
s assessment, $450, and added to that $180 to cover the poor workmanship in the driveway and the storm water drains, not included in Mr. Walker\rquote 
s report. Nothing in this could be held to be unfair to the respondents. It is well established that an appeal court will normally not interfere with the findings of fact by a trial judge who has seen and heard the witnes
ses concerned, when he has based his findings on his opinion as to the reliability of those witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Accordingly, we can find no merit in any of the grounds of the cross appeal which is therefore dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 In the result the appeal is allowed by 
increasing the amount to which the appellant is entitled from $6,220 to the amount originally claimed, $6,740, less $930 by way of damage for delay in completion of the contract and $630 for defective workmanship. Accordingly, there will be judgment in fa
v
our of the appellant for $5,180 together with one set of costs to cover this appeal and cross appeal, the quantum of which to be fixed by the Registrar of this Court. The appellant will also be allowed $100 plus disbursements by way of costs in the Suprem
e Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 Judgment for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14105933 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14105933\charrsid14105933 -------}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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