{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f114\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f115\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f117\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f118\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f119\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f120\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f121\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f122\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid68722\rsid2188290\rsid3875185\rsid3943193\rsid4014157\rsid4611826
\rsid4614197\rsid4923058\rsid5338146\rsid6358059\rsid6822072\rsid8457623\rsid9832307\rsid9857468\rsid9916029\rsid11338086\rsid11543484\rsid11823568\rsid11891932\rsid11955791\rsid12930105\rsid13395641\rsid14812154\rsid14830385\rsid14901212\rsid15425805
\rsid15872470\rsid16127258\rsid16141289}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6775;}{\info{\title [1979] 25 FLR 156}{\author Emalus Campus}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2003\mo7\dy28\hr13\min57}{\revtim\yr2006\mo5\dy3\hr14\min31}{\version3}{\edmins0}
{\nofpages10}{\nofwords4145}{\nofchars23633}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws27723}{\vern16391}}\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace0\dgvspace0\dghorigin0
\dgvorigin0\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot14901212 \donotshowmarkup1\fet0\sectd \linex0\headery360\footery360\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9
\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6358059 [1979] 25 FLR 156}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid11338086 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 IN THE FIJI COURT OF APPEAL
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\b\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid4614197\charrsid15425805 RAJENDRA DUTT MAHARAJ & ANOR.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid3875185\charrsid15425805 
\par }{\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid4614197\charrsid15425805 v.
\par }{\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid3875185\charrsid15425805 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 HARRY RAM LOC}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 H}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 AN
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 [COURT OF APPEAL 1979}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15425805 
Gould, V.P., Henry, J.A. Spring J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 A. 13th, 29th March]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Civil Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15425805 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Action by respondent claiming Probate of the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 1965 Will}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 K. C. Ramrakha & A Singh }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 for the Appellant.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 S. M. Koya }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 for the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The testator Shiu Parsad John Lochan died on 24 October 1973 having acquired considerable assets. He had executed four will}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 s, referred to below, being the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  subject of these proceedings.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15425805 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 1965 Will by which Harry Ram Lochan (respondent) and Rajendra Dutt Maharaj (appellant) were appointed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
executors and trustees. The dis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 positions thereby effected are set out in the judgment. Respondent derived income and corpus from this will.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15425805 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 2. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Will dated 21 June 1973 (the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185  June 1973 Will) revoking former Wills. Rajen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
dra was appointed sole executor and trustee. The estate was given to the wife, daughters June and Olin and Rajendra.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15425805 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Will dated 22 September 1973 (the first September Will) revoking all forms Wills, and appointing Rajendra and Olin, daughter (wife of R
ajendra) June daughter, widow with six children. The estate was equally divided amongst the wife and daughters June and Olin. This was written in the handwriting of the solicitors who drew it up.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15425805 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The last named Will was typed and executed on 25 September 1973 three days later and was called }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the September 1973 Will.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The September 1973 Wills contained a statement that no person }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 other than my above}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
named wife and daughters is entitled to any share or benefit }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 of any kind under this my Will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 By defence
 and counterclaim the respondents set up the June 1973 will as a revocation of the 1965 will and claimed to be entitle}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 d to probate of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 second Sep}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 tember 1973 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 .

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In a Statement of Defence to the counterclaim respondent brought all three 1973 wills into issue. The court summarised the Statement of Defence thus:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 . }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The wills were not duly executed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 2. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The wills were forgeries.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 3. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Fraud had been committed in their execution.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Testator lacked testamentary capacity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li714\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11543484\charrsid3875185 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The appellants and others mentioned had obtained executi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 on by reason of the exercise of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 undue influence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par The serious allegations mentioned above were made against the wife and June. They were not mentioned as parties. Allegation of forgery were withdrawn.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri432\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin432\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The learned Judge at first instance made a finding of lack of testamentary capacity in respect of all 1973 Wills (or if wrong) undue influence exercised by the wife, daughters and Rajendra (appellant).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Probate of the 1965 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 Will in solemn form was decreed.
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Held:}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 A }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Presumption of undue influence can arise where certain relationships}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  as here}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 are proved. The question arose as to whom the burden of disproving it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 arose.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The question posed by the court which should have been answered by the learned trial Judge was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ...did the testator understand the nature and exte}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 nt of the claims on his bounty}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 .
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 It was impossible, after reviewing the evidence as a whole, to come to a conclusion on the record. The trial Judge had either failed to consider some matters or gi
ven undue weight to others e.g. on the failure of those propounding the 1973 Wills to sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12930105\charrsid3875185 ow why the respondent should be disinherited.
\par 
\par A new trial was ordered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Cases referred to:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In the Craig deed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (1970) 2 All E.R. 390.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid4614197\charrsid15425805 Craig v. Lamoureux }{\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid4614197\charrsid15425805 (1920) A. C. 349.}{\fs24\lang1036\langfe5129\langnp1036\insrsid14830385\charrsid15425805 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Blomly v. Ryan }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 99 C.L.R. 362.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 Wingrove v. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Wingrove }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (1885) 11 P.D. 81.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Banks v. Goodfellow L. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 R. 5 Q.B. 549.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 

\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Battan Singh v. Amichand }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (1948) 1 All E.R. 152.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Swansea Vale (Owners) v. Rice }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (1912) A.C. 238.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The judgment of the Court was given by }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 HENRY J.A.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Siuparsad John Lochan alias Shiu Prasad John Lochan late of Lautoka died on October 24 1973. He had earlier executed four wills which are the subject matter of these proceedings. The first was executed in 1965. The then members of his fa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 mily were his wife (Rambasi), a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
daughter June who was then (and still is) a widow with four daughters and two sons, a daughter Olin who married the appellant Rajendra Dutt Maharaj and the respond}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
ent who was a nephew. Responden}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 t was brought up by testator as a son. He married in 1957 and has two daughters. Respondent's wife and testator's wife were said }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 not to be compatible}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185  so respondent moved out of tes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
tator's home and setup a separate household. The date is not given but it appears to be not later than 1959. Respondent remained on friendly terms with testator. The learned judge found that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 son}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  relationship continued till testator's death.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The relevant testamentary document are:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
A will dated February 17,1965, (called }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the 1965 will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ) in which respondent and appellant Rajendra Dutt Maharaj (Olin's husband) were appointed executors and trustees. Provisions was made for the maintenance of the wife for life acc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11891932 ording to testator's status in l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ife and for Olin until she attained 21 years o
r married. The remaining income for a period of 20 years, subject of the wife's life interest, was payable equally amongst June, Olin and respondent. The corpus was then divisible amongst the same three beneficiaries equally with a gift over in the event 
of failure to survive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (2) A will dated June 21, 1973 (called }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the June 1973 wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 ll}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 ) was a simple will revoking}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 former wills. It appointed appellant Rajendra Dutt Ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 haraj sole executor and trustee}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 and gave the whole estate equally to the wife, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
the daughters June and Olin and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 appellant Rajendra Dutt Maharaj, that is one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 quarter each.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 (3)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 A will dated September 22, 1973 (called }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
the first September will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 ) which revoked}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 all former wills and appointed Olin and her husband executors and trustees (with June}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 as an alternative) and divided the estate equally amongst the wife and daughters June}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 and Olin.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \fi11\li709\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14830385\charrsid3875185 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The first September 1973 will was in the handwriting }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 of the solicitor who drew it on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
the day when he saw testator at his home. This document was, typed and executed by testator three day}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11891932 s later, namely, on September 25}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 , 1973. This is called }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the second September 1973 will}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The other terms of these wills need not be noted except that the June 1973 will made no provision for the wife to occupy testator's home and the September 1973 wills contained the following provisions:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
I DECLARE that no person other than my abovenamed wife and two daughters are entitled to any share or benefit of any kind under this my will.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Testator had a property on which the business of a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 cinema was carried on by a com}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
pany. His wife had a fifty per cent shareholding in the company. The Court was given only sketchy details of the whole estate and its value. However, on the view we have formed, there is no occasion to make fur
ther reference to particulars of his estate nor to certain dealings mentioned in evidence. The only other relevant fact is that respondent appears to have acquired considerable assets. He said he had a block of two shops and flats in Lautoka and a house. 
He gave his occupation as a blacksmith. These are relevant factors to weigh against the needs of the wife and family to share in testator's bounty.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 As a result of caveats lodged against the grant of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185  probate respondent commen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ced an action against appellants claiming probate of the 1965 will. By a defence and coun}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 er}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 claim appellants setup the June 1973 will as a revocation of the 1965 will and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 claimed to be entitled to probate of the second September 1973 will. In a statement of defence to the counter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 claim respondent brought all three 1973 wills into issue and claimed, to summarise a long and particularised statement of defence, that:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li432\ri4320\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4320\lin432\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (1) th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
e wills were not duly executed;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (2) they were forgeries;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li432\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 (3) that fraud had been committed in respect of their execution;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 (4) that testator lacked testamentary capacity; and,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 (5) that appellants together with the wife and June had obtained execution by reason of the exercise of undue influence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Very serious allegations were made against the wife and June in respect of these grounds but no attempt was made to join them as parties. They were thus not separately represented. June gave evidence but the wife did not. We refrain from repeating the all
egations except to say that criminal conduct and grave allegations of fraud were made and claims that testator suffered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185  from (inter alia) senile demen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 tia and apoplexy. There was evidence of at least two strokes, loss of memory, some paralysis and physical pain and suffering.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The allegations of forgery were withdrawn on the fourth day of a five}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
day trial but otherwise the case proceeded on the pleadings. However, the learned judge said in his judgment that the issues were ultimately lack of testamentary capacity and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 undue influence. There was first a finding that testator lacked testamentary capacity in respect of all three 1973 wills and the learned }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 judge went on to say that, if h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 e was wrong on that, then he found that all the said 1973 wills were execute
d as the result of undue influence exercised by his wife, the daughters and appellant Rajendra Dutt Maharaj. Judgment was entered against the 1973 wills and probate in solemn form was decreed in respect of the 1965 will. Costs were awarded to respondent. 
From this judgment the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 present appeal has been brought.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
We have come to a conclusion that this case should be referred back to the Supreme Court for a new trial so we will not deal with the evidence except to the extent that it is necessary to develop the 
grounds relative to that course. The finding that undue influence was exercised can be shortly disposed of. The learned judge held that it was for appellants to prove the non}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 exercise of undue influence and cited }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In re Craig deed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  [1970] All E.R. 390 and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Blomly v. Ryan }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 99 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 C.L.R. These }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 cases deal with the equitable jurisdiction of the Court in respect}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185  of a gift inter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 vivos and a con}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 tract for sale of land where it was claimed the bargain was unconscionable and that there was constructive fraud. The comparison
 between such cases and testamentary instruments is epitomised by Viscount Haldane in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Craig v. Lamoureux }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15872470 [1929] A.C. 349,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  356 where his lordship says:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li432\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin432\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
...... a will, which merely regulates succession after death, is very different from a gift inter vivos, which strips the donor of his. property during his lifetime.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 It is sufficient for our present purpose to cite from }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Williams and Mortimer }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 on Executors, Administrators and Probate (1970 Edn. under Chap. 17) where the following passages appear:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In equit
y persons standing in certain relationships to others are liable to have undue influence presumed agai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 nst them in relation to certain }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
ansactions, e.g., a father benefiting from a child, a doctor from his patient or a solicitor from his client. In consequence the erroneous view has sometimes been formed, strengthened by a misapprehension as to the effect of the Judicature. Acts, that whe
re the Chancery court would presume undue influence the Probate Court would do so likewise.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16141289\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The error of this view is clear from }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid15872470 Pa}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15872470 rf}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 itt}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15872470 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  Lawless }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 where Lord Cranworth's dictum in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Boyse v. Rossborough }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 `Undue influence cannot be presumed' was quoted with approval.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11955791\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11955791\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 A comprehensive passage is set out on pages 159 and 160}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11955791\charrsid3875185 . This is taken from a charge }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 given to a jury by Sir James Hannen in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11955791\charrsid3875185 Wingrove v. Win}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 grove}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
(1885) 11 P.D. 81, 82. Two passages are pertinent:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11955791\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
To be undue influence in the eye of the law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 there must be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15872470  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15872470  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 to sum it up in one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 word}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 coercion.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
It is only when the will of the person who becomes a testator is coerced into doing that which he does not desire to do, that it is undue influence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 As to the burden of proof the learned authors say at pages 161 and 162:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li432\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
While the overall burden of providing a will lies on these who propound it, such burden is, in general, discharged by showing that the will was duly executed and that the testator ha
d testamentary capacity. On these matters being shown, those alleging undue infl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
ence must prove it; for, as already stated., undue influence cannot be presumed. It is not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 sufficient to show that the cir}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 cumstances attending the execution are consistent with its }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 having been pro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 cured by undue influence, it must be shown that they are inconsistent with any other hypothesis:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The learned judge made the following finding:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
In my view the circumstances attending the wills of June and September 1973 are such as 
to raise a presumption of undue influence exercised by the beneficiaries upon the testator. It is significant that the person who was omitted from those wills,' the nephew and adopted son, had been deterred from visiting the man who had been his father fr
om childhood. Those who }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6822072\charrsid3875185 benefited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 were actually present i.e. within the flat when they were made and at least one of them, namely the de facto wife, had deterred the nephew from visiting the testator on what proved to be his deathbed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 
"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 He then went on to s
ay that there was nothing in the evidence given by the defendants (appellants) to rebut the presumption of undue influence which arises in the circumstances. We are of the opinion that the learned judge wrongly applied the onus of proof so this finding mu
st be set aside. However, the circumstances and evidence upon which the learned judge relied on are relevant to the question of alleged lack of testamentary capacity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 A convenient statement of the criterion of a sound disposing mind is set out in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Williams on Wills }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 4th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185 Edn at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 p.22. the passage reads:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Sound testamentary capacity means that three things must exist at one and the same time:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li1418\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
(i) The testator must understand that he is giving his property to one or more objects of his regard;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li1418\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 (ii) He must understand and recollect the extent of his property;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li1418\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 (iii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
He must also understand the nature and extent of the claims upon him both of those whom he is including in his will and those whom he is excluding from his will. The testator must realise that he is signing a will and his mind}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 and will must accompany the physical act of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
 execution. It is said that per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 version of moral feeling does not constitute unsoundness of mind in this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  respect, but this is really a matter of degree.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri144\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin144\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The learned author then cited the often quoted passage from }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Banks v. Goodfellow }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 L.R. 5 Q.B. 549, 565.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The judgment in the Court below commenced}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185  with a short description of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 immediate family, namely, the wife and daughters and referred to the respective wills an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 d the allegations in th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 e statement of claim (sic.) and then turned to the status}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 of respondent. His lordship posed the following question.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
However, there is no evidence that the father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
son relationship ceased or was strained. In fact the evidence which I accept points to its continuance. Why therefore should the testator's last 3 wills disinherit the nephew}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 when in 1965 he was a beneficiary as to one third and a co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
executor?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14812154\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In respect of the June 1973 will the learned judge turned immediately to the failure of the solicitor, who drew the will, to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 inquire about relatives}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 . The case of}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Batan Singh v.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Amirchand }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 (1948) 1 All E.R. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
152 was cited. This was an appeal to the Priv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 y Council from the Supreme Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 of Fiji. It drew attention to the desirability, when a testator intended to disinherit a near relation, of sending for any previous will. That was a case where a testator gave his property to strangers in blood who had no claim on his bounty and testator
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
was suffering from a delusion concerning the existence of nephews. There were positive statements by testator that he had no relatives. Later the learned judge quoted from the same case the following passage at p.152:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Such behaviour was
 commented on by the Privy Council in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Battan Singh v. Amichand}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3943193\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8457623 1948, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3943193\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 All E.R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8457623 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  152 F who said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
It is relevant to note that he failed to employ the solicitor who had acted for him previously or even to ask him to send the previous wills or copies of them, for these are precautions which a testator of sound mind who deliberately intended to alter his
 will and disinherit his near relations would naturally take.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 ""}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 His lordship later said:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
There is no evidence that the solicitor who drafted the will questioned' the testator about the size of his family, or his close relatives, or any previous testament
ary dispositions or the extent of his disposable possessions. According to the Privy Council supra those are considerations which help to determine whether a testator intended to disinherit a near relative.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In our view unwarranted weight was placed on th
is case. It bore no resemblance on its facts with the present case. We draw attention to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Swansea }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8457623 V}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ale: (Owners) v. Rice }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 [1912] A.C. 238,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 239 where Lord Loreburn L. C. said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Cases are valuable in so far as they contain principles of law. They are also of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 use to show the way in which judg}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 es regard facts. In that case th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ey}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
are only used as illustrations. What you want is to weigh probabilities, if there be proof of facts sufficient to enable you to have some foothold or ground for comparing and balancing probabilities at their respective value, the one against the other.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 In our opinion the learned judge gave undue weight from the beginning to the end of his judgment on the failure of those propounding the 1973 wills to show}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 why respondent should be disinherited. The question w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 as too narrowly stated and over}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8457623 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
emphasised to the exclusion of a balanced review of the competing claims and changed circumstances since 1965.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 With the greatest respect he took a wrong view of the evidence of June and Olin.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 He said:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The daughters Olin and June both state that the deceased was in possession of his mental faculties until after the will of September 1973 was made. Like the plaintiff (nephew) they are beneficiaries and could be tempted to colour the evidence in their own
 favour.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The fact is that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14901212\charrsid3875185  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 June and Olin took exactly the same share, namely one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
third, under the 1965 will as they did under the two September 1973 wills. The only person who got a greater benefit was the wife who surely ha
d to be carefully considered as one who might have a valid claim to his bounty greater than the life interest given in the 1965 will. This was at the expense of respondent's former one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 third share. She had looked after her husband during a long and difficu
lt illness whilst respondent had made his own way in life, had substantial assets and was well able to support himself and his family: This aspect was never considered by the learned judge. Conditions in the household had drastically changed since 1965.

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 His lordship placed great stress on the fact that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 testator }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 was absolutely depend}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 ent upon those around him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 and that for the whole of 1973 he was dependent on his wife and daughters. This was referred to on a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 number of times in the judgment. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 One}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 passage, i
n addition to one earlier cited, will give an example. The learned judge said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
His wife and two daughters were in constant attendance on him and were in a position greatly to influence him having regard to his dependence upon them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 No consideration app
ears to have been given to the position of the family caring for a sick husband and father. Respondent had then}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185  long left the home and had suc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 cessfully set himself up with his own family. Testator was now, in old age, sick and physically handicapped and wa
s being attended to by his wife and daughters who nursed and cared for him with solicitude and kindness in the family home. A pejorative construction appears to have been placed on these services but no }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 sideration was given to the probability that this 
might be a reason why testator might, in the changed circumstances since 1965, wish to give his wife a different share at the expense of respondent. The dominant inquiry throughout was why should testator disinherit respondent? No attack can be made on th
e inheritance of the daughter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2188290 s because this is the same in 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
965 and in September 1973. The attack was made. The fact was that testator had preferred to give his wife a greater share in his estate at the expense of a reasonably well}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 do adult nephew who ha
d been brought up as a son and at the same time to keep the interests of his daughters intact.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Viscount Haldane in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Craig v. Lamoureux}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 (supra) p.357 when speaking of a will made in favour of a husband and omitting two sisters of testatrix said that:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Ther
e is no reason why a husband or a parent, on whose part it is natural that he should do so, may not put his claims before a wife or a child and ask for their recognition, provided the person making the will knows what is being done. The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 persuasion must of course stop short of coercion, and the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611826\charrsid3875185 
 testamentary disposition m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 ust }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 be made with comprehension of what is being done.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The June 1973 will was dismissed in a few words. The learned judge said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
I arrive at a similar conclusion for similar reasons in regard to the will of June 1973.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 There was a period of three months between the wills. The evidence was not the same on each occasion. Testator was nearer to his death in September 1973. The evidenc
e as to the situation in June 1973 ought to have been carefully and separately evaluated. It was not. A number of errors appear. Respondent's marriage was given as 1967 whereas it was 1957. This is relevant to the time when he left testator's home. Certai
n evidence of Olin was taken to refer to the September 1973 wills but she is clearly speaking of the June 1973 will. The evidence of Dr. Young was stated to refer to a period 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 2 months before death. This would be prior to the June 1973 will. The evidence was 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
6 weeks before death which brought it within the crucial period. A criticism of the June 1973 will was that it made no reference to any kind of property disposed. This is so in respect of all wills. In one passage the learned judge gives weight to the
 fact that testator made three wills in three months. Although thr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 ee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 wills were signed there was only one substantial alteration made, namely, the exclusion of respondent and the giving of his former interest to the wife. There appears to be a good reason for replacing the June 1973 will. In it the family}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 unit represented by Olin (by reason of a quarter share being given to her husband) took one}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 half of the estate. The September 1973 wills merely adjusted this imbalance and it further restored the right of 
the wife to occupy the home}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 a provision }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid68722 which was omitted from the June}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  1973 will. The family situation and control of the business had changed since 1965.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 His lordship had, as we have already stated, early in his judgment posed the question why should te
stator disinherit respondent. With the greatest respect this question is unduly prominent throughout the judgment. When discussing the terms in the September 1973 wills which declared that no person other than the wife and daughters was entitled to benefi
t under the will, the learned judge said:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
Was the testator there saying these are the only}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  persons who have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid68722 \lquote }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 a claim upon me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid68722 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 by way of close kinship? If so, it was not accurate because he had an adopted son who was also his nephew. Surely the latter, hav
ing been brought up as a son from childhood would have a moral claim on the estate. By statute an adopted child has the same rights as a natural child. On signing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
will had the testator failed to recollect the adopted nephew? Did he intend to disinherit him?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
So to postulate that respondent surely had a moral claim tends to beg the question. The inquiry is not: did testator intend to disinherit respondent? It is whether testator understood the nature and extent of the claims on his bounty. Such claims 
ought to be examined in the light of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid68722  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
nature and extent of his then estate and the relative claims on that bounty as they existed in 1973. The estate appears to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 be substantially limited to or linked with the business interests of testator. Respondent wa
s no longer so closely associated with them and family affairs had changed since 1965. Respondent was financially independent and had an occupation unrelated to testator's business and a separate home. The care and attention of testator}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  the wife and sis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
ters since 1965 and particularly during the illness of testator had since intervened. The desirability, or otherwise of giving respondent a share in the business at this stage is not unimportant. It was after all the means of providing for the wife and Ju
ne who was a widow. The long standing shares of the daughters were not altered. What testator did was to give his wife a greater share at the expense of respondent who}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 appears to be well circumstanced financially. Relationship of itself does not create a so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
called moral claim. The elimination of a relative when there are competing claims is not the equivalent of a wrongful denial of a moral claim. All the relevant circumstances must be looked at. This aspect of the case was not sufficiently considered.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The nursing and care given by the wife and da}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 ughters in the home was not pro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 perly weighed. Indeed, what was a normal family set}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
up in the circumstances, was given excessive weight as an opportunity to over}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
bear testator. Except for evidence of exclusion of res
pondent from visiting testator, the home was a normal one in the circumstances to which visitors came freely and doctors were called and attended testator as well as the solicitors and clerks involved in the said 1973 wills. There was no complaint from te
s
tator about his treatment at the hands of his family. The learned judge appeared to look with disfavour on the question of hospitalisation of testator. Dr Young recommended that testator be taken to hospital for his then physical state. The learned judge 
blamed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the family}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  for not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 responding}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 . No attention was given to the evidence of Dr Gounder}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 who said hospitalisation was not necessary. Yet Dr Gounder's evidence was treated as the yardstick by which other witnesses were tested. It is impossible to know 
why an adverse comment was made when the actions of the family were in accordance with the opinion of Dr Gounder. An adverse construct was put on evidence of an inquiry by testator who asked if }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 they}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3875185 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  that is the family, were satisfied with the will. This 
is at worst equivocal and may well indicate that testator did know what he had done.
\par 
\par Upon a full consideration of all the above matter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 s, and, after fully reviewing the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
 evidence and judgment as a whole, we are of opinion that it is impossible for this Cour
t to come to a conclusion on the record. The proper remedy is to order a new trial. The judge at the new trial will disregard all our comments on the evidence. We have not purported to evaluate the weight of evidence or the relative importance of any matt
ers in the ultimate determination of the issues. These are all questions entirely for the judge at the new trial in the light of the case then put before him by the parties.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3875185 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
The only ground of appeal that requires mention is ground one which deals with the learned judge's ruling that appellants should b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 egin. This ground, and the rele}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 vant cases and rules, were discussed at the Bar. We agree with the ruling of the learned judge. Appellants had the initial burden of establishing the will of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 June 1973 which they set}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13395641  up as revoking the 1965 will an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 d of establishing the se
cond will of September 1973 which they set up as the last will of testator. Counsel elected to call evidence on all issues and therefore the correct procedure was adopted. We do not find it necessary to say anything further because the judge at the new tr
ial will be called upon to rule on the situation as it presents itself before him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 The appeal will}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
be allowed and the judgment in the Court bel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185 ow }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 
will be set aside and a new trial will be ordered. Respondent will pay the costs of the appeal. Costs in respect of the first trial are reserved for determination by the judge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 presiding}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 over}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16127258\charrsid3875185  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 the new trial.
\par 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4614197\charrsid3875185 Appeal allowed, retrial ordered.
\par }}