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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1979}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  25 FLR 186}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11542958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Supreme Court Of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1930690 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1930690 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MAHENDRA PRASAD SHARMA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3740130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3740130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3740130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12723630\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12723630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dyke, J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13918871 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7th February 1979}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11542958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal Law\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Secondary evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (including reference to due search) not to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be admitted}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  until lost originals accounted for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 G. P. Shankar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for Appellant 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for Respondent 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was charged in connection with transactions involving two cheques. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3740130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re were four counts in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheque. Counts 3 and 8 were not the subject of any finding sinc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3740130\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e they were in the alternative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11542958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of remaining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  charges in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  two cheques. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Over objection of Counsel, the prose\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cution was allowed to adduce secondary evidence of the two cheques. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned appellate Judge referred to the principles of secondary evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 relevant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  this situation viz }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 best evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  should be produced and "it is only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 after proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f loss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or destruction (i.e. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 originals) and after proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
proper and sufficient search (i.e. for the originals) in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 most likely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  places that lesser evidence should be admitted, although it is a question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  whether in the circumstances of the case t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
here was sufficient and proper search." Defendant appealed. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
: The Magistrate should have ruled on the admissibility of the secondary evidence before proceeding with the trial and should not have ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 itted evidence of alleged copies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheque subje\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ct to objection or given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 himself power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to reject it later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 What he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  did was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hear evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  generally, before ruling as to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 admissibility of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the alleged copies of cheques. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If secondary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence did not support the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 admissibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of copy cheques, the case wou\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ld have taken a different turn. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The nature and degree of search for the originals and as to whether it was due}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and proper, was open to criticism. The Magistrate did not refer to some matters. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Court also referred to some confusion as to what exactly\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 copy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  being put forward for at least one cheque, and the use by t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Magistrate of parol evidence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid147351 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
".... a mistaken and very belated attempt to justify his wrongful admission of secondary evidence in the first place." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11542958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Magistrate erred in the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
way he admitted secondary evidence of the cheque. It was impossible to be satisfied there had been a fair trial. The convictions and sentences on all counts were set aside. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Queen v Inhabitants of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  K}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 enitw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 orth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1845) 7 QBD 642. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Queen v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Rastrick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 Cox (1846) 39. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pritam Singh and Ujagir Singh v Neina Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Cr App No. 47 of 1957. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 DYKE, J.: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid535074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11542958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was charged with 8 counts. They were in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 connection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 transactions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  involving two Government cheques d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rawn on the Bank of New Zealand,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the first being cheque No. 88437 and the second being cheque No. 92579. The first four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 charges\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  concerned with the first cheque in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it was alleged that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 payable on it was unlawfully and fraudul\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ently altered from 76c to $100.76 and the appellant was charged firstly with forging the cheque (i.e. making the alterations himself) secondly with uttering it knowing it to have been forged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  thirdly with obtaining money from the cheque (i.e. $100.00 incre\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ase) by false pretences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and fourthly with larceny of the same $100.00. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The last four charges were similarly in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 second cheque, which was alleged to have been unlawfully and fraudently altered from $6.89 to $716.89, and were again for forge\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ry, uttering, obtaining by false pretences and larceny. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He was convicted on counts 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and counts 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7 the magistrate making no order in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  4 and 8 because he said they were in the alternative. They were not stated to be in the alternat
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ive, but in effect they must be treated as alternative. He was sentenced to 1 year imprisonment on counts 1 and 5 to run consecutively the sentences on the other counts being concurrent, so the total term of imprisonment amounted to 2 years. The appellant
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 now appeals against his conviction and sentence. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 One of the main grounds of appeal is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
agistrate erred in improperly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 accepting secondary evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheques. In fact the record shows a quite extraordinary state of affairs. P.W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , who is an a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ccountant with the Ministry of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Finance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  sought to produce photocopies of the two cheques concerned and this was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 immediately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  objected to by the defence since no proper foundation had been laid for the production }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of secondary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence, and the non-production\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of primary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence (i.e. the cheques themselves). 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Because of course the best possible evidence must be produced and it is only after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof of loss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 or destruction, and after proof of proper and sufficient search in the most likely places th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at lesser evidence should be admitted, although in every case it is a question of fact whether in the circumstances }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case there was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and proper search. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Queen v. Inhabitants of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kenilwo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1845) 7 QBD 642, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Queen v. Rastrick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 Cox (1845) \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
39. Almost inevitably the majority of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cases on the subject are civil cases since in criminal cases usually more strict requirements are necessary. And cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of forgery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  where secondary evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  documents forged have been admitted must be very rare in\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
deed, I was certainly not referred to any. When objection was made by the defence to the production of secondary evidence the magistrate should have adopted the course recommended in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pritam Singh and Ujagir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Singh v. Mewa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Singh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cr App No. 47 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16601075\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1957 that is\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 he should have ruled on the admissibility of the secondary evidence before proceeding with the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and he should not admit evidence subject to objection or give himself power to reject it later. What he purported to do is shown in the record where he s
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aid "Before ruling I will hear evidence as to original and as to why it is not produced and as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 preparation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f copy. Counsel invited to submit further at close of case." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He permitted the witness to produce a photocopy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  first cheque No. 88437}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the witness then went on "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  am shown a photocopy of what appears to be the reverse of cheque 88437." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  gave evidence that he had, before sending them to the police taken photocopies of both sides of each cheque}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and had taken both cheques \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and photocopies to the Central Police Station. He said he gave cheque No. 92579 and the photocopies (i.e. obverse and reverse) of that cheque to Inspector Ramrakha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and then gave the other cheque No. 88437 and the other two photocopies (i.e. obverse and re\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
verse) to Police Constable Ramesh. It was certainly unfortunate that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cheques}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  were separated so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 early in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the investigation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and they were not marked for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in any way. He then was shown a photocopy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of cheque}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  92579 but whether this was obvers\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e and reverse is not indicated. He claimed that the photocopies shown to him were identical to those photocopies handed over by him to the police. He did not say that they were the same photocopies and the significance of this appears later. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The photocop\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ies of the two cheques were marked M.F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and M.F.2. Detective Inspector Ramrakha have evidence of receiving the cheque No. 92579 and photocopies. He said M.F.2 was the photocopy he received. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Police Constable Ramesh similarly gave evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of receiving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ch\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eque No.88437 and photocopies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 putting both cheques and four photocopies in an envelope and sending them to Detective Corporal Raju (as he then was) at Lautoka. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Detective Sergeant Raju gave evidence as to the receipt of the cheques and photocopies. He di\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d not say what he di}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 with the cheques but said he put the photocopies in the police file. He said that M.F.l is what he received, M.F.2 he had prepared later. In M.F.1 photocopies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  obverse and reverse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheque had been stuck together although t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 here was no explanation }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. The record then says "Evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  witness concluded so far as receipt of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M.F.(1) is conce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M.F.1 (obverse) produced as Exhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was no ruling as to its admisibility and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 whether what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the magistrate me\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ant was that M.F.1 was not admitted in evidence is not clear, and since Exhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as included in the list }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of Exhibits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  includes M.F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and M.F.2. It is extremely confusing. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This confusion persists since some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
later witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  refer to Exhibit D, some to M.F.l, and some to M.F.2. Exhibit D sometimes seems to embrace M.F.l and M.F.2 and it was never}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 how the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  expression was used.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was certainly no other}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
reference to M.F.2 being produced as Exhibit D or any other Exhibit\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
After Detective Sergeant Raju another witness, the Post master from Rakiraki was called and after he had given his evidence Detective Sergeant Raju was recalled to continue his evidence. Later still after other witnesses further police witnesses were c
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alled to try to show the history }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  two cheques and the photocopies. They were presumably kept,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intended to be kept in an envelope in the exhibit store and there were several changes in personnel in charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  exhibits till someone found that the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 two cheques were missing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the envelope. No one ever said what happened to the photocopies and no one seemed to be clear whether the envelope was sealed all or most }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  time or whether it remained unsealed. Then Police Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able Ram Sami said he wa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s ordered to check all the exhibits and he checked the contents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the envelopes. That was the only direct evidence as to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 disappearance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheques}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  search }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mean that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 envelopes in the exhibit store were chec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ked? I would have thought that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if important}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  exhibits like these were found to be missing not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 only the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  exhibit store }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  whole police station would have been turned upside down in an attempt to find them. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 During his address Counsel for the appellant again raised objection to the production of secondary evidence of the cheques. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In his judgment the magistrate said "when the prosecution first attempted to adduce these (i.e. photocopies of the cheques) in evi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dence counsel for the defence objected on the ground that they were not admissible. I held that, in principle, the two photocopies could be admitted as secondary evidence and now set out my reasons for so finding." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This was incorrect. In the first place \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the magistrate said that before ruling he would hear evidence as to the original and why it was not produced. Thereafter nowhere in the record is there anything to show that the magistrate did make a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ruling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  or did formally (or informally) agree that the ph
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 otocopies could be admitted as secondary evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Then, when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in his judgment he was explaining why he admit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542958\charrsid13918871 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted the photocopies, he says "Therefore before a copy of a written instrument or parole evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  contents, can be received as proof, the absence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 original instrument must be accounted for, by proving (in this case) that is lost or destroyed," and later he says "From their evidence I am satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the originals of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he two cheques were lost and I accordingly hold that photocopies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 thereof could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be admitted in evidence." But nowhere in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 judgment does}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he refer to the other necessary requirement before secondary evidence may be admitted i.e. "due and proper search." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Then to make matters worse, having admitted the photocopy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of cheque}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid147351\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  92579 in evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it transpired that the photocopy was not even the photocopy prepared by P.W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , but another prepared by Detective Sergeant Raju, and because there was confused evidence a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bout this and clearly mistaken identification by the witnesses, the magistrate then said "the chain required for the production }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of cheque}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  No. 92579 (sic) for $716.89 was broken and its admissibility in evidence was, albeit unwittingly nullified. Obviously,
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the truth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  matter is apparent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rules as to production of documents are strict. Nevertheless, as I have said above parole evidence of the content of any original of a document is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 admissible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 provided the absence of the original is accounted for\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 So now we have the magistrate proceeding not even on the basis or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a photocopy of the cheque alleged to have been forged, but deciding that he could proceed on parole evidence of the cheque, and the forgery. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Crown Counsel has, in my opinion quite pro\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
perly, not sought to justify the procedure adopted by the magistrate, or the admittance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of parole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheques, but suggests that if the matter had been dealt with properly secondary evidence would have been admissible and suggests that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he appellant was not prejudiced. I am afraid I cannot accept that proposition. As the evidence came out, the confusion over the photocopy of cheque 92579 would have precluded the admittance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  piece }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . And it is impossible to say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 now that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the magistrate had properly directed his mind to the principles governing the admissibility of secondary evidence in such a case as this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at the}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  time when he should have done it, he would necessarily have admitted the evidence. With the exclusion of second\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ary evidence, surely the case would have taken a quite different turn. I cannot really believe that the magistrate would at that stage have seriously considered all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wing parole evidence of the cheques and the forgeries. I would like to think that his relia
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nce on parole evidence in his judgment was only a mistaken and very belated attempt to justify his wrongful admission of secondary evidence in the first place. Surely once secondary evidence was excluded the prosecution would have fallen flat, the appella
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t would have had no case to answer, and there would have been no element of self incrimination, the whole history }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  trial would necessarily have bee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  different. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Objection was taken by defence counsel to the admission of other documents, but it is un\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
necessary to deal with these points in detail. It is sufficient that I find for the appellant in the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 secondary evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535074\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cheques. This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was so fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amental a matter that clearly it is impossible to be satisfied that there was a fair trial and I have no option but to set aside the convictions and sentences on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  counts. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16267622\charrsid13918871 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal allowed. Convictions quashed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12874032\charrsid13918871 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13918871\charrsid13918871 
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