{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\f345\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f346\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f347\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\f348\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f350\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f351\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f353\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f354\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f355\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f356\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f357\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}
{\f358\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f360\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f361\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f363\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}
{\f364\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f365\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f366\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f367\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}
{\f368\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f681\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}
{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f687\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f688\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f700\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\f701\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f703\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f704\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f707\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\f708\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f710\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f711\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f713\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f714\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f717\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f718\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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\b\i\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority9 \styrsid11819503 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \sunhideused \spriority1 \styrsid11819503 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext21 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid11819503 Indent1;}{\s22\qj \fi-720\li2761\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 EMPEROR GOLD MINING COMPANY LIMITED & ANOTHER
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Williams J.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8th September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1978}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13049423 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819503 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Native Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
power of Native Land Trust Board to grant timber concession over land in native reserve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Native Land Trust Ordinance (Cap. 115) ss. 4, 7, 8(1), 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Forest \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ordinance (Cap. 128) ss. 2, 33.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Native Land Trust Board (third party) gran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted the defendants a timber con}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cession over land in native reserve. The plaintiffs claimed that the Board had not obtained their agreement prior to granting the concession, and 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that accordingly the grant was void and the defendants were trespassers.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
: 1. Section 4 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance places the Board, as trustees\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in the position of legal owners of all native land including native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. Section 8(1) of th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Ordinance gives the Board and owners powers of leasing and licensing native land which is not native reserve.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Part III of the Ordinance bars the Board from granting rights over land in native reserve to any but native Fijians and also requires the Boa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd beforehand to obtain the consent of the native land owners.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he powers of the Board under Part III of the Ordinance are not extended by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the provisions of the Forest Ordinance.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5. A "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Forest Licence" cannot usurp a landowner's proprietary rights by pur
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 port\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing to permit the licence to remove the landowner's timber.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 No cases were referred to.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. M. Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the plaintiffs
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B. C. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the defendants
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A. Kato}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the third party
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ction for damages for trespass.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 WILLIAMS J.:
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This action arises out of the defendants' tree felling operations on native land near Nadarivatu in the Western Division.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The plaintiffs, a landowning mataqali, allege in para 1 of their Statement of Claim that the land affected is native land near the Kor\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
oboya Forest and that they own it. They claim in para 7 that without the consent and authority of the plaintiffs the defendants have felled 451,472 super feet worth $33,860.40c at $7.50 per super feet between 1/8/75 and 5/11/75. In other words the defenda
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ts have trespassed on the plaintiffs' land. That sum is claimed as liquidated damages along with a claim for general damages coupled with a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  prayer that the defendants be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 strained from pursuing their logging operations on the plaintiffs'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 isputed that the defendants hold a timber concession from the Native Land Trust Board, hereinafter called the Board\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 der an agreement Exhibit D. 3,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  dated 28.5.71, made between the defendants and the Board. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he defendants plead that the ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r concession,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Exhibit D. 3, lawfully entitled them to carry out their logging operations. They admit, in para 7 of the defence, removing427, 462 log feet and allege payment to the Board of $4.287.00 in royalties. There is a counterclaim but the defendants abandoned it
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 during the trial. As an alternative the defendants plead that the Board warranted that they had the authority to grant the conces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion and that the defendants are entitled to b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e indemnified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by the Board if found guilty of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  trespass and they joined the Board \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as a third party.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It would he as well to point out at this stage that a timber concession is simply an authority or licence from the Board to enter upon native land in order to fell and remove trees. It does not amount to a lease or such like disposition o
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f land.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Board, as third party, allege that under t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Native Land Trust Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  they have authority to grant timber concessions on all native land without the consent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ny mataqali. Alternatively they state that the plaintiffs consented to the con\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ession being granted. At the beginning of the trial the Board agreed with the plaintiffs that this was native reserve which is a special category of native land.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Annexed to the concession, Exhibit D.3, is a plan showing the boundaries of the timber concess\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ion which is oblong in shape and extending north/south longitudinally and overlapping the land of three mataqalis although the agreement makes no reference to any mataqali. Exhibit D.6 is an enlargement of part of the aforesaid plan which presents the tim
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er concession only. It reveals that the northern portion of the concession covers 2,462 acres of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 land belonging to mataqali Nabunisiga; south of this it embraces 4,926 acres of land belonging to mataqali Virara and the southern most tip is on land belongin
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g to the plaintiffs covering E 770 acres.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5915007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I will first consider the contention of the Board that they have authority to grant timber concessions on all native land without the consent of the mataqali land-owners. I am adopting this course because the plain\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tiffs agree that their 770 acres of land fall within the concession granted under Exhibit D.3. If the Board do require the consent of the plaintiffs in granting timber concessions to logging compani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  then the issue will arise as to whether the plaintiffs \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 consented.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The onus of arguing the extent of the Board'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s authority to grant timber con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cessions was undertaken by Mr B. C. Patel the advocate for the defendants.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Board is a creature of statute namely the Native Land Trust Ordinance, Cap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 115 and the extent of its powers can only be expressed under that Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.4(1) of the Native Land Trust Ordinance, Cap. 115 states}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4927221 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \emdash 
\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4.(1). The control of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 all native land shall be vested in the Board and all such land shall be administered by the Boar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d for the benefit of the Fijian owners."
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In other words it makes the Board legal owners of all native land as trustees for the Fijian owners.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 By definition,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 as set out in S.2. which I will refer to later, native land includes native reserve and Part ill of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Ordinance deals specifically with native reserve curtailing the powers of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Board in dealing with native reserve as opposed to other native land.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Part III of the Ordinance is headed "Native Reserves" and comprises Sections 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to 18 inclusive. S.16(1\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) and (2) state as follows:\_}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5915007 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
S.16(1). Subject to the provisions of the Crown Acquisition of Lands Ordinance, the Forest Ordinance, the Oil Mines Ordinance, the Mining Ordinance and to the provisions of this section, no land in any native reserve shall be
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  leased or otherwise disposed of.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(2) Leases or licences may with the consent of the native owners be granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
by the Board to native Fijians in accordance with regulations made under S.33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of this Ordinance."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5915007 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr B. C. Patel submitted that under S.16(1) th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e po}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wer of the Board to grant licen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ces on native reserve land was not limited except by the ordinances referred to in S.16(1) and he laid emphasis on the Forest Ordinance, Cap. 128.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Subsection (1) of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
supra) does not refer to licences but to the dispo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sal or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alienation of native reserve. Licences are covered by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Mr Koya, for the Plaintiffs, argued that S.16(3) requires the Board to obtain the consent of the Fijian owners, which under S.16(3)(c), is obtained is such manner as may be prescribed b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
y regulations under S.33, or in the absence of such a regulation then consent of the Fijian owners will be obtained in such manner as the Board con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 siders appropriate. However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3), unlike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2), r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
efers only to leases and not to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 licences of native r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
eserve land and therefore it does not help in ascertaining the Boards authority in regard to granting licences. Moreover }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.16 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3) is solely con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cerned with dispositions of native reserve to the Land Development Authority and to no one else; therefore it has\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  no reference to commercial enterprises such as the defendants and does not apply to these proceedings.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. 16(2), which deals with the granting of leases and licences on native reserve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 expresslylimits such grants to one class of persons namely native Fijia\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ns. It does not permit licences on native reserve to be granted to non-Fijians, and this approach is endorsed by S. 16(3) which permits leases of native reserve to be granted to the Land Development Authority "as if it were a native Fijian." In addition S
.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  16(3)(a) forbids the Land Development Authority from subletting or disposing of such land except to a native Fijian.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thus Part III of the Ordinance limits the powers of the Board to grant leases and licences of native reserve to one class namely Native Fi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
jians. If the Board has authority to grant licences on native reserve to the defendants or to any persons other than native Fijians it will have to be found elsewhere in the Native Land Trust Ordinance and the Board argue that it is found in the Forest Or
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inance.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Licences to fell trees are governed by the Forest Ordinance, Cap. 128. Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
33(1) thereof, authorises the Conservator to issue licences to fell trees but S. 33(2) requires the prior consent of the Board in the case of native land. S. 2 of the Fo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rest Ordinance defines native land as}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid5915007 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5915007 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"land which is neither Crown land nor the subject of a Crown or native grant but includes land granted to a mataqali under s. 18 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5915007 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The same definition of native land is contained 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in S. 2 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance which also includes the definition of native reserve as "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 land set aside and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  proclaimed as such under the provisions of this Ordinance."
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Land is set aside as native reserve under S. 18(1) of the Native Land Trust O\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rdinance which empowers the Governor General to set aside land for the use of a mataqali as native reserve. Thus the definitions of native land in the Forest Ordinance and the Native Land Trust Ordinance include native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The land which is the subjec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t of this action has be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en accepted by the third party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at the beginning of the trial as being native reserve for the purposes of these proceedings.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. 33(2)(3) and (4) of the Forest Ordinance requires the Conservator to obtain the consent of the Board, or t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he Director of Lands or the registered owner or lessee before he can issue a licence to fell trees on native land, Crown Land or freehold land as the case may be. Thus the Forest Ordinance tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eats the Board in the same way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as any other owner or registered l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
essee in requiring the Conservator to obtain the owner's consent before he issues a licence to fell ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mber on their lands. The Conser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vator does not require the mataqali's consent but that of the Board which is vested with legal ownership by virtue of S. 4 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance.

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Board's wide powers over native land are emphasised b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5915007 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y S. 5 of the Native }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Land Trust Ordinance which forbids Fijian owners of native land from in any way disposing of, transferring or charging their own land without \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Board's consent and any agreement purporting to do so without such consent is null and void. It is worth noting that native land in S. 5 includes native reserve.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2391008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
For the purposes of these proceedings S. 7 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance reads,
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2391008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "S. 7. Subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to the provisions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ______________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the Forest Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 _______________ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no licence in respect of native land shall be granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 save under and in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2391008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion 8(1) of the Native Land Trust Ordinance which empowers the Board to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 grant leases and licences of native land excludes native reserve. It reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2391008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"S. 8(1). Subject to the provisions of the next succeeding section, it shall be lawful for the Board to gr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ant leases or licences of portions of native land not included in a native reserve for such purposes and subject to such terms and conditions as to renewals or otherwise as may be prescribed."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2391008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 9 merely enacts that the Board has to be satisfied that
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the grant of a lease or licence is not adverse to the interests of the Fijian owners. It does not set out any special procedure to be adopted by the Board in order to ensure that the interests of Fijian owners shall not be adversely affected.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The parties'\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  advocates in presenting submissions did not refer to Section 8(1).
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 When Mr. Koya argued that the Board required the consent of the plaintiffs before granting the timber concession his submission was, in my view, only correct if the land is native reserve.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 The combined effect of sections 8(1) and Part III of the Native Land Trust Ordinance is to limit the Board'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s powers of granting timber con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cessions on native reserve to native Fijians. Hence in purporting to grant the co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion to the defendants the Board\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  were, if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it is native reserve, exceeding their powers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
under the Native Land Trust Ordinance unless th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ey are saved by any other Ordi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nance. Mr. B. C. Patel submits that they are saved by the Forest Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 16(1), of the Native Land Trust Ordinanc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e is subject to the provisions of the Forest Ordinance but it would be strange if the Forest Ordinance vested powers in the Board in relation to native reserve beyond those vested in it by the Native Land Trust Ordinance which created the Board. In fact i
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  would be strange if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Forest Ordinance vested any powers in the Board because it is only concerned wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th the Board in the same way as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 any other landowner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid2391008 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Forest Ordinance is intended to protect the forests of Fiji from being denuded of trees and Sec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion 33 controls logging operators by requiring them to obtain licenses from the Conservator who can only issue them a licence to fell trees if the land owner consents. Thus Section 33(2) of the Forest Ordinance states,
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2391008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "(2) A licence relating to native l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and shall only be issued with the prior consent of the Native Land Trust Board."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8338361 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Licences under the Forest Ordinance differ from those granted under the Native Land Trust Ordinance. Timber concessions issued by the Board authorise a grantee to take timber \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
from the land but this is of no effect unless the Conservator issues a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tree felling licence. A "Forest Licence" merely permits the felling of trees which would otherwise he illegal under the Forest Ordinanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. It falls into a similar cate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gory as other licen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ces viz., to use a motor vehicle on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2391008 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a road, to possess firearms, sel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
l alcohol etc. The Conservator cannot permit a licencee to remove the logs; he merely authorises the act of felling. The logs can only he removed by the landowner, in this case the Board, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or the person to whom they conceded that right, in this case the defendants. Therefore a "Forest Licence", cannot usurp the landowner's proprietary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rights by purporting to permit the licencee to remove the landowner's timber. Hence if a person, including t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he Board, mistakenly grants a timber concession thinking that he owns the land the subsequent issue of a 'Forest Licence' to the purported grantee does not make the concession lawful. The resu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lt is the same if the Board pur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ports to grant a timber concessio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n to a non-Fijian on native reserve thinking that it is non-reserve or in the mistaken belief that it has power to grant timber concessions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  on native reserve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Therefore if this is native reserve the fact that the defendants hold a licence from the Conserv\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ator does not make the concession lawful. I conclude, with respect, that Mr. B.C. Patel's submission fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 To sum up:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 4 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance places the Board, as trustees, in the position of legal owners of all native land includi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 8(1) gives the Board an owner's powers of leasing and licensing native land which is not native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Part III of the Ordinance bars the Board from granting rights over native reserve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to any but native Fijians and also require\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s the Board to obtain the consent of the native landowners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Those powers are not extended by the provisions of the Forest Ordinance Cap. 128.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my view, the Board, on their admission that the land is native reserve acted ultra vires in purporting to grant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the concession. If this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is native reserve the defen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dants are trespassers.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 My conclusion, if it be correct, raises problems in regard to the parties' pleadings because they do not allege that the land in question is native reserve and this is important hav\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing regard to the Board's limited powers of dealing with native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Submissions of the parties were directed to whether or not the Board required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the consent of the plaintiffs in granting the concession. Although para 1 of the plaintiffs' reply to the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 defence alleges that the concession is void it gives no particulars of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the basis for that allegation and Mr. Koya, for the plaintiffs, argued in support thereof by contending that the Board, as trustees needed the consent of the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ficiaries. i.e. the pl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
aintiffs, before granting the concessions. He stated that Section 16(3) made reference to the need for consent and submitted that the rules of equity obliged the Board to obtain the plaintiffs' consent. By reason of Section 8(1) and Part III I would say, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ith respect to Mr. Koya, that his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 submissions app\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ertaining to con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sent were superfluous in that if this is native reserve the Board could not, even with the plaintiffs' consent, grant such a concession to the defendants. If it is not native reserve then, i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n my view, consent of the mataqali is not required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
When 1 was considering my judgment I came upon Section 8(1) and requested the advocates to address me on the effect it had upon the pleadings and where, if at all, the onus lay in alleging that the land w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as or was not native reserve. It took several weeks to get the parties together again to argue that aspect.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Koya then referred to para 7 of his Statement of Claim which alleges that consent of the plaintiffs had not been obtained, the implication being\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that the reference to consent inferred that the land was native reserve. However, para 7 says that it was the defendants who had not sought the consent of the plaintiffs whereas the Ordinance places that obligation on the Board if the land is native rese
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ve and not on the persons dealing with the Board. In any event }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if this is native reserve, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 question of the plaintiffs' consent is immaterial because the defendants cannot receive a concession on it. In my view there was no suggestion in the Statement o
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f Claim that this was native reserve. It was simply pleaded as native land.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr Koya also submitted it was sufficient to allege that the acts of the defendants were unlawful and that he had done so. If this is not native reserve there is no evidence that th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e defendants are trespassers: on the contrary the concession Exhibit D3 provides evidence that they are not trespassers. The Third Party's admission that the land is native reserve cannot bind the defendants.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is frequently sufficient in actions for tres\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pass for the plaintiff to prove he has possession and leave it to the defendant to justify his alleged acts of trespass.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The plaintiffs could not have been misled by the Third Party's admission that this is native reserve because they have throughout the p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
roceedings assumed that the concession would have been lawful if the plaintiffs had consented. Whereas if this is native reserve the defendants would be trespasse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rs even if the plaintiffs had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 consented. Were the plaintiffs relying on this being native rese\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rve a capable and experienced lawyer such as Mr. Koya would have pleaded it. The pleading would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 have been unanswerable had it been proved. At this stage even if the plaintiffs were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
allowed to amend their Statement of Claim so as to all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ege that this is nati\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ve reserve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or if I otherwise included an issue as to whether or not this is native reserve, there is no evidence on which one could hang such an amendment. Consequently 1 must proceed on the Statement of Claim as it stands which is that this is native land
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and that the defendants are trespassers because the plaintiffs did not consent to their activities. The existence of the concession is a good answer to that claim. I find that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the defendants are not trespassers provided they have kep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t to the territorial l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 imits of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 heir concession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The issue remaining is whether the defendants have been operating within the limits of their concession. This has been denied by the plaintiffs, but the latter have led no evidence on this issue. P.W. 1, Tombia Senivalu, gave evidence as a member of the M
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
taqali. He referred to the concession area shown in Exhibit D3 and stated' that this mataqali were not approached for their consent. The absence of mataqali consent was the essence of his evidence, at no stage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  did he complain that the defen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dants had felled\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 trees outside the concession area.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P.W. 2, Mosese Randru, who is acting as head of the plaintiff mataqali also gave evidence that the plaintiffs had not been approached f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or their consent in the granti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng of the concession. He never suggested that the defen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dants had been felling out
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 side the concession area.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The plaintiffs put in Exhibit P. 1, consisting of some correspondence between their solicitors and the Native Land Trust Board. Nowhere in those letters do the plaintiffs complain that the defendants wer
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e logging outside of the concession area. They complain that the plaintiffs were not approached for their consent.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 None of the letters complains that the concession had been illegally created over native reserve nor did the plaintiffs' witnesses make any m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ention of native reserve. The emphasis was, as I have pointed out earlier in the judgment, directed to the co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 plaint that the consent of the Mataoati had not been obtained.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D.W. 4, Peceli Rinakama, a Forest Ranger, stated in his evidence in chief that he e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nsured that the defendants kept within the limits of their timber concession when felling trees. He checks this whilst examining the area to record the amount of timber cut down for the purpose of collecting the ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 yalties payable under the agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 defendants to the Native Land Trust Board. In cross-examination it was not suggested to him that the defendants had felled timber on the plaintiffs' land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  which was outside the concession limits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find on the undisputed evidence of the defenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e witness, wh
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ich was quite cred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ible, that the defendants have not felled trees outside the concession area.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Native Land Trust Board as Third Party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  called two witnesses whose evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dence was directed towards proving that the plainti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ffs had consented to the conces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Their evidence was of little assistance because if this was not native reserve then consent of the plaintiffs was not required and if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it is native reserve the conces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sion would be unlawful whether the plaintiffs consented or not. During the evidence of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Third Party's second witness there was an alteration at the Bar between Mr. Kato for the Third Party and Mr. Koya for the plaintiffs when the former was about to ask whether this was native reserve or not. Mr. Koya objected on the ground that the Third Pa
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ty had agreed it was native reserve. Mr. Kato endeavoured to argue that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the proclamation in the Gazette was so badly worded that one could not be sure whether the area in question had been made nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049423 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ive reserve and that in having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 agreed that this was nativ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e reserve he may have been in error. It was not suggested during that alteration that the defendants had agreed that this was native reserve and Mr. B. C. Patel for the defendants was not drawn into the discussion. Whatever the status of the land in quest
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on the Native Land Trust Board accepted from the outset that it was native reserve. But that admission does not help the plaintiffs in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 suing the defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find that as between the plaintiffs and the defendants the latter are the grantees of a concessio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n to fell timber on native land. In the absence of evidence that it is native reserve I am unable to find that the concession is unlawful.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find that the defendants have not felled trees outside the limits of their concession.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It follows that the plaintif\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fs' claim fails and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e question of the Third Party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11819503\charrsid11819503 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 indemnifying the defendants does not arise.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The plaintiffs will pay the costs of both defendants, and of the Third Party. Defendants' costs to be on the higher scale.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I would add that the Native Land Trus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t Board should check whether this and other timber concessions are on native reserve.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I draw attention to this because sometime ago I pointed out that the Board's practice of requiring a higher rent as the price of their consent to a transfer of a lease of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 native land was illegal. In spite of this Court's comment this illegal practice continues. The Fiji Court of Appeal has recently drawn attention to that illegal practice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11819503\charrsid8338361 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment for the defendants.
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