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)}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2362496 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 1977}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2362496 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 23 FLR 77 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 JAMISHA ALI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp1033\insrsid2362496\charrsid2362496 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid2362496 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 HASIMAN NISHA & ANOTHER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par [COURT OF APPEAL, 1977. (Gould V. P., Marsack J. A.Henry J.A.)\line 7th, 25th March] \par Civil Jurisdiction \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Husband and wife-divorce-evidence and proof-magistrate reasonably satisfied that evidence sufficient to show adultery committed-decree nisi recommended -whether sufficient evidence to support such recommendation- whether Supreme Court correct in deciding that allegat ion of adultery not proved-Matrimonial Causes Ordinance 1968 ss. 57, 68, 70, 71, 91, 94. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 The case for the appellant/petitioner depended solely upon uncorroborated confessional evidence. The magistrate, in recommending a decree nisi, expressed his opinion that he was reasonably satisfied on the evidence that adultery had been committed preferring the evidence of the appellant. \par The judge of the Supreme Court considered the record and having reviewed the evidence stated that he was not satisfied that the appellant had established the alleged act of adultery and dismissed the petition. \par On appeal against this dismissal, held: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 1. The magistrate did not address himself to the burden of proof and did not evaluate the true value of each confession and the surrounding circumstances in which they were made. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 2. Even though the magistrate did have the opportunity of seeing and hearing the witnesses, he still had a duty to consider and examine closely all the evidence and so formulate his conclusion. It was not sufficient merely to state that he preferred the evidence of one witness to that of another. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Cases referred to: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Briginshaw v. Briginshaw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~} {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1938%5d%20HCA%2034" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 [1938] HCA 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281938%29%2060%20CLR%20336" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1938) 60 C.L.R. 336.}}} \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Wright v. Wright}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1948%5d%20HCA%2033" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 [1948] HCA 33}}} \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281948%29%2077%20CLR%20191" \\ o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1948) 77 C.L.R. 191.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Blyth v. Blyth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1966) A.C. 643;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1966%5d%201%20All%20ER%20524" \\ o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 [1966] 1 All E.R. 524.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Weinberg v. Weinberg}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1910) 27 T.L.R. 5.\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Behari v. Siukar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=14%20FLR%20101" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 14 F.L.R. 101.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par Appeal against the rejection of the magistrate's recommendation and the dismissal of a petition of divorce by the Supreme Court. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 H. M. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 for the appellant.\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Mrs Billeam}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 for the respondents. \par The following judgments were read: (25th March 1977)- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 HENRY J.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par Appellant petitioned for divorce on the ground that respondent committed adultery with co-respondent on the night of December 31 1972. The spouses were married on July 5 1965. There are 3 children-the yo ungest then being about one year old. The marriage was a reasonably happy one. If adultery occurred, it was a casual act of adultery by a married woman with a marriage of some eight years duration during which 3 children were born of the marriage. Further it was with a man in respect of whom there is no evidence of association which might suggest intimacy. The circumstances, as will later be seen, were unusual and unlikely to lead to the commission of an act of adultery as alleged. Appellant relied on evid ence of three admissions. There was no independent evidence to corroborate the truth of the admissions. I will deal with these admissions after relating the facts. \par On this night the spouses attended a religious function at the house of one Khatub Ali at whi ch appellant was an officiating priest. Just after midnight those present retired. Five men, including appellant and co-respondent, slept in a room near the verandah. The women and children slept in an adjoining room. All 3 children were with respondent. T here was a lighted lamp in the doorway between the two rooms. According to appellant the lamp went out. Appellant said he awakened because he heard his youngest child crying. He was not questioned how he knew this if there were other children in the darke n ed room. Appellant said he called out to his wife who did not answer. Nor apparently did anyone else. No witness was called to support his evidence. Appellant said someone re-lit the lamp. He then noticed that the co-respondent was not in the room but at this time co-respondent came in from a different door. Appellant then went to sleep. He apparently took no further interest in either his wife or child that night. \par According to appellant he asked his wife next morning why their son had been crying and where she was and she replied that she had been taken outside by co-respondent. Appellant said he noticed some white stains on her trousers and he asked her what they were and she replied that she had had sexual intercourse with co-respondent. Respondent denie d making this admission and said that her husband had come into the room and had had intercourse with her and this accounted for the stains. Her account, although a translation, is better taken from the note of her evidence. She said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "We slept in the house on the floor. There were other people there. My husband was with us. During the night my husband came and said to me, "Don't tell anyone, Don't make a noise. It is me". I recognized my husband's voice. We had been married 7 years. He came to me and both of us slept together. We spent some time together and then he went away. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 The next morning I saw my husband and spoke to him. I asked him why he had come to me in somebody else's house. He just laughed but said nothing. There was a man called Hamid Khan ther e but I do not know him and he did not come to me that night. We went home at 8 p.m. I again asked him about why he had come to me in someone else's house. I said we are together at home. I had asked him again because he had asked me why I had mentioned i t in the morning. Then he said it was Hamid Khan who came and not him. I told my husband it was him. I said I recognized his voice and knew it was him. We both slept together that night and had intercourse together. In the morning my husband said that we s hould both go to Court and proceed against Hamid Khan." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Respondent was later taken by her husband to the Police Station where, so she stated in evidence, she admitted adultery. She said she did this because appellant told her to say it and she obeyed him. N o one was called from the Police to give details of what respondent did say, although, obviously it included the admission. \par Respondent claimed that she and appellant continued marital relations. Appellant denied this. However respondent gave evidence of an attempt at abortion which refers to March 1973. Her evidence was: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "Then we both went home. This was early in January 1973. A few months later I was admitted to hospital. My husband had brought 8 tablets from the Sister. I was given them to take. I did so and became unconscious. I was taken to Hospital. There I spoke with a nurse called Asenaca. I knew her and my husband knew her. I never told her I was pregnant by someone else. I did not know she had said so in evidence. I did not get the pills from Docto r Reddy in Labasa. My husband gave them to me. I was at Taveuni for 2 years. I only came to Labasa once. That was after 6 months and at about a year before I was admitted to hospital. After release from hospital I returned to the matrimonial home. I had a normal relationship there with my husband. I came to Labasa on 15 May 1973." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Appellant was not cross-examined on this evidence nor was leave sought for him to be recalled after it arose in the evidence of respondent. \par Appellant called a staff nurse who was e mployed at the hospital in March 1973. She deposed that respondent said the baby was not her husband's but was another man's child. She stated respondent was semi-conscious as a result of pills she had taken. The conversation was in Hindi which is the onl y language respondent understands. Respondent said she had no memory of speaking to the nurse. She described her own condition as being unconscious. \par The case for appellant therefore rested upon three separate admissions, namely: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1) that sworn to by appellant and denied by respondent, \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (2) that admitted by respondent to have been made to the police and explained by her, and \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (3) that deposed to by the nurse who stated respondent was semi-conscious. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 There is no independent evidence which supports the truth of the alleged confessions. The stains are equivocal. No person present that night was called to support appellant. \par The evidence was taken by a magistrate in pursuance of the powers in Part X1 of the Matrimonial Causes Ordinance 1968. In ac cordance with section 68 evidence was reduced to writing and duly authenticated. The hearing was then adjourned so that the record could be considered by the Supreme Court to which it was sent together with the opinion of the magistrate as to what decree, if any, the petitioner was entitled. The whole case then came before the Supreme Court which, by section 70, must consider the case, and may either accept, reject or modify the opinion of the magistrate. The Supreme Court also had power to make any one of the following orders, namely: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (i) that further evidence be taken by the magistrate; \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (ii) that the case be reheard by that or another magistrate; or \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (iii) that the case be transferred to itself for hearing. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Section 70(b) further provides as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "Unless the Court makes any of the orders specified in the last preceding paragraph, it shall decide the case and direct what decree shall be pronounced by the magistrate." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 If the Supreme Court directs that a decree be granted then, by section 71, the magistrate must pronounce that decree. The statutory scheme is clearly that only the Supreme Court can decide what relief, if any, a petitioner will get and that the Supreme Court must consider and pronounce upon the opinion of the magistrate. \par The opinion of the magistrate was expressed in the following terms: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "The fact of the Respondent having had sexual intercourse during the night of the 31st December 1972 is not disputed. However, the wife maintains that it was her husband who came to her that night. I prefer the husband's version of what happened and am reasonably satisfied upon the evidence that she did commit adultery with the co-respondent at Khatub Ali\rquote s house. I also prefer the Petitioner's account of what transpired thereafter and am satisfied that he neither condoned the adultery nor resumed cohabitation." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 He recommended the grant of a decree nisi of dissolution and consequential relief. The learned judge considered the record, including the opinion of the magistrate and, after reviewing the evidence, said h e was not satisfied that appellant had established the alleged act of adultery and he thereupon dismissed the petition. The present appeal is from the exercise of the function of the Supreme Court. This is important. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "94 (1) For the purposes of this Ordinance, a matter of fact shall be taken to be proved if it is established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Court. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (2) Where a provision of this Ordinance requires the Court to be satisfied of the existence of any ground or fact or as to any other matter, it is sufficient if the Court is reasonably satisfied of the existence of that ground or fact or as to that other matter." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 This section must be considered in view of the finding of the magistrate that he preferred appellant's version of the events on the night and what transpired thereafter. Apart from saying which version he preferred the magistrate did not state what standard of proof he applied nor did he state any reason for the conclusion he reached. The case for appellant rested solely on uncorrobor ated confessional testimony. The magistrate is not, under the Ordinance, the final arbiter of the case. He can give no more than an opinion. Section 57 is explicit that the Supreme Court must determine the ground upon which a petition is based. It reads: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "5 7. Except as provided by this Ordinance, the Court, upon being satisfied of the existence of any ground in respect of which relief is sought, shall make the appropriate decree." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Section 70(b) states specifically that the Supreme Court shall decide the case. \par I turn now to consider the terms "satisfied" and "reasonably satisfied" as they appear in Sections 57 and 91. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Briginshaw v. Bringinshaw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1938%5d%20HCA%2034" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 [1938] HCA 34}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281938%29%2060%20CLR%20336" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1938) 60 CLR 336}}} \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 , 362 Dixon J. said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "But reasonable satisfaction is not a state of mind that is attained or established independently of the nature and consequence of the fact or facts to be proved. The seriousness of an allegation made, the inherent unlikelihood of an occurrence of a given description, or the gravity of the consequences flowing from a particular finding are considerations which must affect the answer to the question whether the issue has been proved to the reasonable satisfaction of the tribunal. In such matters "reasonable satisfaction" should not be produced by inexact proofs, indefinite testimony, or indirect inferences . Everyone must feel that, when, for instance, the issue is on which of two dates an admitted occurrence took place, a satisfactory conclusion may be reached on materials of a kind that would not satisfy any sound and prudent judgment if the question was w hether some act had been done involving grave moral delinquency." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Dixon J. also said at p. 368, 369: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "Upon an issue of adultery in a matrimonial cause the importance and gravity of the question make it impossible to be reasonably satisfied of the truth of t he allegation without the exercise of caution and unless the proofs survive a careful scrutiny and appear precise and not loose and inexact. Further, circumstantial evidence cannot satisfy a sound judgment of a state of facts if it is susceptible of some other not improbable explanation. But if the proofs adduced, when subjected to these tests, satisfy the tribunal of fact that the adultery alleged was committed, it should so find." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 This question was further considered by Dixon J. in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Wright v. Wright}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1948%5d%20HCA%2033" \\o "View LawCite Record"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 [1948] HCA 33}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281948%29%2077%20CLR%20191" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1948) 77 CLR 191}}} \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 when he said at p. 210: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "While our decision is that the civil and not the criminal standard of persuasion applies to matrimonial causes including issues of adultery, the difference in the effect is not as great as is sometimes represented. This is because, as is point ed out in the judgments in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Briginshaw v. Briginshaw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1) the nature and gravity of an issue necessarily determines the manner of attaining reasonable satisfaction of the truth of the issue and because the presumption of innocence is to be taken into account." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 This passage was approved by Lord Denning in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Blyth v. Blyth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1966) A.C. 643. \par It is the practice of divorce courts generally to require corroboration although a court may act on uncorroborated evidence after carefully scrutinising the circumstances and b earing in mind the nature of the charge made. Admissions, even when made by a party on oath, are considered with caution and care and in the light of the circumstances in which they were made. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Briginshaw v. Briginshaw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (supra) Dixon J. said at p. 367: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "A lthough confessional evidence has been the subject of special or independent treatment in the authorities, the result has been to establish no different measure of persuasion. Corroboration should be looked for, but "the true test seems to be whether the court was satisfied from the surrounding circumstances in any particular and exceptional case that the confession is true" (per Sir Samuel Evans, P.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~} {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Weinberg v. Weinberg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 (1910) 27 T.L.R. 9.) \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 In my judgment the learned judge, in exercising his powers and du ty under sections 57 and 70, was correct in dismissing the petition. Since I intend to review the whole case it is not necessary to set out the grounds of appeal which particularise some aspects only. The review will include all matters put forward by Cou nsel for appellant. \par The magistrate did not address himself to the burden of proof. It was not enough to say which version he preferred. The case for appellant depended upon uncorroborated confessional evidence. One confession does not corroborate a further confession because each has the same quality. However, more than one confession may, according to the circumstances in which each is made, assist in concluding that it is, in fact, true. This requires a careful evaluation of the surrounding circumstances i n which each confession is made. Not only must the fact of making of the confession be proved but the Court must also after considering the circumstances in which it was made, be satisfied that it is true. There was no separate finding by the magistrate o n the three confessions. The first depended solely on appellant who was vitally interested in the result. It was denied by respondent. The second was explained by respondent as being at her husband's bidding. Respondent was an Indian wife and the possibili t y of obedience to her husband ought to have been considered. The third confession was by a semi-conscious woman who might in that state, be referring to her husband's accusation rather than admitting her guilt. The magistrate should have passed his opinio n on this evidence. The learned judge, rightly in my view, rejected it. \par Respondent gave an account of an attempted abortion which involved appellant. She was not challenged in cross-examination. This evidence referred to the period following the alleged adu ltery and was relevant to the finding of the magistrate that he was satisfied with the evidence of appellant as to his account "of what transpired thereafter". Appellant merely said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "A week or so later she went to Labasa. She returned in March 1973 when I learnt she was in the Waiyevo Hospital at Taveuni". \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 It is true Counsel for respondent did not cross-examine appellant on respondent's account of the hospital incident but appellant could have been re-called. He had been forewarned in a previous hearing of a claim that he was involved in this incident. The magistrate made no evaluation of this evidence which was uncontradicted and not challenged. Travelling and other expenses were involved. Respondent appears to have been without means. That respondent did travel, did go to hospital, did get pills, and did attempt to abort is clear. She involved appellant in the episode yet all he said is that he learnt respondent was in hospital. This appears to be less than the whole truth. \par The seminal stains were an impor tant item. There was a conflict on whether or not they were invisible on a casual look or whether they were covered by respondent's clothing. This conflict was not adverted to. Moreover, no reference was made to the unlikelihood that a wife and mother of o ver seven years committing an act of adultery in the circumstances of that night. No suggestion was made that she was morally loose or that she was friendly with co-respondent or had any affection or feeling for him to lead to a conclusion that an opportu n ity for adultery might be sought and taken advantage of. She said she did not know co-respondent other than being someone who was in the house that night. All appellant can say is that "perhaps" respondent met co-respondent at appellant's sister's place. T he unlikelihood of respondent indulging in sexual intercourse in such circumstances and with her husband present in the house was a topic to which the magistrate never adverted according to the record although it ought to have been potent topic when consi dering probabilities. \par Stress was laid on the opportunity the magistrate had of seeing and hearing the witnesses whilst the Supreme Court only perused the record. It cannot be denied that this is a factor which ought to be considered carefully and given proper weight in the Supreme Court. It was said by this Court in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 Behari v. Siukuar alias Shiukumari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737843 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=14%20FLR%20101" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\ul\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 14 F.L.R. 101}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15760406\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 , 106: \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 "On the other hand, the magistrate did see and hear the witnesses, and was therefore in a better position than either the Supreme Court or this Court, to make an assessment of their credibility." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1007525 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 The ultimate question is not whether the magistrate was satisfied but whether, keeping in mind the fact that the magistrate had that advantage, the Supreme Court was wrong in holding that it was not satisfied. Sections 57 and 70(b) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 supra} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 ). It is the duty of the Supreme Court to satisfy itself that the ground has been proved and E to decide the case an d this duty cannot be performed unless the opinion of the magistrate is critically examined. It is insufficient in a case such as this to say one version is preferred to another. What was the onus which was placed on appellant? What were the factors which weighed in determining that preference? What were the probabilities which brought the scales down in favour of appellant? It is not enough to say the tribunal which has given no reasons saw and heard the witnesses. To say that is to take from the Supreme C ourt its duty to satisfy itself and to permit the magistrate to usurp that function. It must appear, so that the Supreme Court can examine that position for itself, that the magistrate did apply a correct onus and did use the opportunity of judging the re lative credibility of the parties in the light of that onus and was justified in coming to the opinion given. A bald statement of preference is insufficient in a case like the present one. \par It is for a petitioner to show that the magistrate took proper advan tage of his having seen and heard the witnesses and that the conclusion reached was justified. This is to be contracted with an appeal where the appellant must show the conclusion reached was wrong or could not be supported. \par The question on this appeal is whether appellant has demonstrated to this Court that the Supreme Court was wrong in rejecting the opinion of the magistrate. The judgment of the Supreme Court has not been criticised as to its content except for the use of a passage from the cross-examin a tion of appellant. This passage is seemingly ambiguous and may not hear the construction put on it by the learned judge. Be that as it may, it does not, for the reasons I have earlier set out invalidate the conclusion that the opinion of the magistrate wa s properly rejected by the learned judge. In my view the learned judge came to a correct conclusion in the exercise of the duty cast upon him by section 57. \par I would dismiss the appeal with costs. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 MARSACK J.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 The facts in issue in this case have been fully set out in the careful judgment of Sir Trevor Henry, which I have had the advantage of reading, and I do not find necessary to repeat them. The point in issue, as I see it, is a comparatively simple one. It is whether the evidence adequately establishes t h e truth of the appellant's allegation-upon his whole case was founded-that the respondent committed adultery with the co-respondent on the night of 31st December 1972. The surrounding circumstances, explained in detail in my brother Henry's judgment, are s uch as to render it unlikely, on the face of it, that intercourse with a virtual stranger would have taken place in a building in which a number of other people were present. Moreover, the action of the respondent the following morning in upbraiding her h u sband for coming to her in the night with so many other people about, would appear strongly to indicate that there was, in her mind, no feeling of guilt which sexual association with a virtual stranger would have inspired. Appellant's story of what he saw that night appears, on the face of it, simply incredible. \par The only evidence upon which appellant could possibly rely would thus be the admissions said to have been made by the respondent, and detailed in the judgment of Henry J. A. The first of these was a lleged to have been made to the appellant himself; and it was denied by the respondent. If the admission had been made in those circumstances, it was impossible to understand why the appellant would have taken no action against the co-respondent, or even approach him on the subject; and relations between husband and wife appear to have continued as before. That alleged confession, in my opinion, was rightly rejected in the Court below. \par The third, said to have been made to a Staff Nurse in the hospital, was to the effect that the father of her baby was not her husband but another man. But the respondent at this time, was under heavy sedation; and according to the nurse, was only semi-conscious. The respondent denied having made any such statement. This, to m y mind, cannot be accepted as proof of adultery on 31st December 1972. \par The second confession - which was freely admitted by the respondent - was made to the police, and was to the effect that she had had intercourse with the co-respondent. But the responden t was emphatic that she had told this to the police in obedience to orders from her husband; and that she and her husband then returned home and resume cohabitation. The Court below was right, in my opinion, in holding that this confession was insufficien t to prove the adultery on which the petition was based. \par Following the principles laid down in the authorities cited in the judgment of my learned brother I am satisfied that the allegation of adultery between the respondent and the correspondent on the nig ht of 31st December 1972, upon which appellant's divorce petition is founded, has not been proved and that the learned judge in the Court below correctly decided that the magistrate's recommendation could not be supported. Accordingly, I am in full agreem ent with the judgment of Sir Trevor A Henry that the appeal must be dismissed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 GOULD V.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1007525\charrsid1007525 \par I have had the advantage of reading the judgment of my brother Henry J. 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