{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f49\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f50\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f52\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f59\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f60\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f62\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f63\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f399\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f400\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f402\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}
{\f403\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f406\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f407\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }}\ls13}{\listoverride\listid84951812\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext
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{\listoverride\listid84951812\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01B;}{\levelnumbers;}\b\f1\fs21\expnd0\expndtw-4\cgrid 
\fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }}\ls18}{\listoverride\listid113842886\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01D;}{\levelnumbers;}\b\f1\fs21\cgrid \fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }}\ls19}{\listoverride\listid263371\listoverridecount0\ls20}{\listoverride\listid76227568\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace1008\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01E;}{\levelnumbers;}\b\i\f1\fs21\expnd0\expndtw-3\cgrid \fi-1296\li1296\jclisttab\tx1008\lin1296 }}\ls21}{\listoverride\listid111097078\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel
\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace1296\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01H;}{\levelnumbers;}\b\f1\fs21\cgrid \fi-1296\li1296\jclisttab\tx1296\lin1296 }}\ls22}
{\listoverride\listid44618032\listoverridecount0\ls23}{\listoverride\listid44618032\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs21\cgrid \fi-288\li936\jclisttab\tx936\lin936 }}\ls24}{\listoverride\listid101595333\listoverridecount0\ls25}{\listoverride\listid649750286\listoverridecount0\ls26}
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\listoverridecount0\ls42}{\listoverride\listid-130\listoverridecount0\ls43}{\listoverride\listid-131\listoverridecount0\ls44}{\listoverride\listid-132\listoverridecount0\ls45}{\listoverride\listid1119838228\listoverridecount0\ls46}
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\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 0117}\ilfomacatclnup0\stylesortmethod0{\*\template X:\\template\\pac-judgment-template-final.dotx}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\sbknone\linex0\sectlinegrid326\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12717241\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1977] 23 FLR 282}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4420944 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420944\charrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appelate Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4420944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MINISTER OF FINANCE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 EX PARTE BRIJ BHUSHAN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mode J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420944\charrsid15993313 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2nd December 1977}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Insurance\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
license to carry on business as insura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce agent\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 refusal by Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of Insurance to grant a license\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 subsequent appeal to Minister of Finance\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
dismissal of appeal by Minister without the appellant being given opportunity to appear and present his case\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 whether breach of natural justice\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Insurance Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1976 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 59, 60 (1) (2), 61 (1), 73 (1) (3) (4) (5)\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Immig\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ration Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1971 s. 18 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835\charrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835\charrsid15993313 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 0.55\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Interpretation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1967 s. 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794835\charrsid15993313 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Insurance Agents & Brokers Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1972\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rules of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1968 0.2, 0.55 rs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3 (1), 6 (3), 7 (5).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Natural justice\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 insurance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7020566\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to carry on business as insurance agent\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 refusal by Commis
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sioner of Insurance to grant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7020566\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 subsequent appeal to Minister of Finance\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 dismissal of appeal by Minister without the appellant being given opportunity to appear and present his case\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
whether breach of natural justice\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Insurance Act 1976 ss. 59, 60 (1)\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (2), 61 (1), 73 (1) (3) (4) (5)\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Immigration Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1971 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 18 (1)\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Rules of the Supreme Court 1968 0.2, 0.55 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 3 (1), 6 (3), 7 (5).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7020566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Under the Insurance Act 1976, it became necessary for the appellant to reapply for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7020566\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7020566\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as an insurance age
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt. This application was refused by the Commissioner of Insurance on the grounds of alleged misconduct. The appellant submitted a petition of appeal supported by documents to the Minister and asked for a personal hearing which was refused. The Commissione
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
's decision was upheld. The appellant contended that such a refusal to grant him a personal hearing amounted to a breach of natural justice and sought an order of mandamus directing the Minister to hear and determine the appeal according to law.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : 1. F\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
air and proper procedural standards must be observed where deprivation of or encroachment on a legally recognised interest is consequential on a finding of misconduct. In such circumstances the principle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15993313\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must apply, and the failure of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he Minister to grant the appellant a hearing was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reach of natural justice.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
2. It was not possible for the court to revoke the Commissioner's decision and grant the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as this was in the discretion of the Minister, and the court could not usurp this\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  function.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Per curiam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
: A 'hearing' may not necessarily be an oral hearing and it can include the making of written representations. Insurance Act s. 73 (1) makes no reference to any hearing, but if a person is entitled to protection of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram par\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule. he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  entitled to put his case orally.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4420944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12717241 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hardayal Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In re }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil action 80 of 1977 (unreported).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Durayappah v. Fernando}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1967] A.C. 337; [1967] 2 All ER 152.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cooper v. Wandworth Board of Works}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1863] 143 ER 414; 14
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  CBNS 180.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pergamon Press Ltd. In re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1971 Ch. 388.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid4420944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Gamming Board for Great Britain ex pane Benaim & Khaida}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1970] 2 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 417.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid802010 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. St. Mary Abbotts Assessment Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1891] 1 QB 378.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid802010\charrsid802010 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid802010 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. Kingston }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid802010 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 JJ's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid802010 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ex parte Davey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1902) 86 LT 589.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid802010\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid802010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal agai\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nst the decision of the Minister of Finance upholding a decision of the Commissioner of Insurance in refusing to issue an Insurance Agent's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid802010\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 License}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to the appellant.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid802010\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M. Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid802010\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Flower}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid802010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KERMODE J.: [2nd December 1977)\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is an appeal by the appellant under section 73(4) of the Insurance Act No. 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of 1976 against the decision of the Minister of Finance on an appeal to the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14158584 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 under section 73 (1) of the Act, upholding the decision of the Commissioner of Insuran
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce in refusing to issue a license to the appellant pursuant to an application made by him under section 59 of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 An appeal lies to the court by a person aggrieved by a decision of the Minister, if it involves a question of law, with leave of the cour\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant moved this Court ex parte on the 10th June 1977 for leave to appeal and leave was granted.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Both counsel at the hearing indicated that they had experienced difficulty in connection with the procedure to be followed on the hearing of this ap\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
peal. Subsection (5) of section 73 of the Act provides that the Chief Justice may make rules for regulating the practice and procedure in connection with an appeal under subsection (4). To date no rules have been made by the Chief Justice.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Until rules are \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
made by the Chief Justice Order 55, Rules of the Supreme Court have application subject to any procedural provisions made by the Act. Subsection (4) of section 73 of the Act, which limits an appeal to this court to questions of law only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  restricts the full\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  application of Order 55.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2850191 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Under Orde}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r 55 rule 3 (1) an appeal must b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e brought by originating motion and notice of such motion must state the grounds of appeal. The appellant filed a notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2850191 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of motion on the 15th day of June 1977 seeking a number of orders, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in particular directions as to the practice and procedure to be followed, and on the same day filed a notice of appeal setting out the orders sought and the grounds of appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The notice of motion filed by the appellant was not an originating motion as req\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uired by Order 55 rule 3 (1).
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This motion was heard by Mishra J. on the 28th June 1977 who referred in his ruling to the fact that Mr Koya had conceded that the facts stated in the appellant's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of 6th June 1977 filed in support of the appellant's a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pplication for leave to appeal unless denied, were sufficient for the determination of the issues of law raised by the grounds of appeal. Mishra J. directed that the appellant within 7 days}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2850191 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the date of the ruling fil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e an affidavit in support of his appe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al alleging any additional facts that he might wish to rely on and leave was given to refer to facts outlined in the petition dated 6th June 1977.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The respondent was at liberty to file an affidavit in reply within 7 days after service upon him of the appel\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lant's affidavit.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid2850191 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 No affidavit in reply was filed by the respondent. Mr Flower for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 however explained that he did not consider an affidavit by the respondent was necessary and that the respondent would present his argument in answer to the ap\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pellant's argument based on the grounds of appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mishra J. did refer to Order 55, Rules of the Supreme Court but considered it was not necessary to determine to what extent the order applied to this appeal in view of the directions he had given in his ru
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ling.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid2850191 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The foregoing recital indicates that there has been some confusion and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  misunderstanding as to the procedure to be followed in relation to this appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Subsection (5) of section 73 of the Act is enabling and permissive and the fact that the Chief Just\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ice has not made any rules must be taken to indicate that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 considers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Order 55, Rules of the Supreme Court already provide adequate rules for regulating the practice and procedure in connection with appeals of the nature of this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Order 55 has not b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 een strictly complied with but this in my view is merely an irregularity and does not nullify the proceedings. (Order 2, Rules of the Supreme Court.)
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is before the court a petiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 containing all the facts the appellant relies on together w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ith the notice of appeal to which I have already referred. During the hearing two letters were admitted by consent.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Order 55 rule 6 (3) gives the court wide powers to amend the grounds of appeal or to make any other order to ensure determination on the mer\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
its of the real question in controversy between the parties. These powers are enlarged by rule 7 of Order 55. Recourse was not necessary to such additional powers at the hearing because in my view there is before the court sufficient facts on which to dec
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 de whether or not the Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  erred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in law in dismissing the appellant's appeal.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12717241 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The facts, which are not disputed, are that the appellant duly applied under the provisions of section 59 of the Insurance Act for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid12717241 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to carry on his business as a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n insurance agent. He had previously held an agent's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 granted to him under the Insurance Agents and Brokers Act 1972 which was unlimited as to time. This Act was repealed by the Insurance Act 1976 necessitating the appellant seeking a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  under \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that Act to enable him to continue in business as an insurance agent.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2850191 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Subsections (1) and (2) of section 60 of the Insurance Act provides as follows:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "60.\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
(1) Where the Commissioner is satisfied on an application under section 59 that\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li1797\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin1797\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2850191 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the applicant ha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s sufficient experience in and knowledge of insurance matters;
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2850191 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 financial standing and general character of management of the applicant are sound; and
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4279635 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c) it is otherwise in the public interest that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  or a renewal thereof should be granted t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o the applicant,
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may consider necessary and subject to the other provisions of this Act, issue to him a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , or a renewal thereof, to expire on the 31st day of December of the year in respect of which \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it is issued.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Provided that no application for the renewal of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  shall be made more than one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 year}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  from the date of the expiration of that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 .
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) Where the Commissioner refuses to issue a license or a renewal thereof, he shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14158584\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the reason\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s for such decision and shall furnish a copy thereof to the applicant."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4279635 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid4279635 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my view the word "may" in subsection (1) of section 60 has the force of
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"shall" if the applicant has fully complied with section 59 and the Commissioner is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4279635 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 satisfied about the three\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  matters (a) to (c) inclusive however impose terms or conditions when issuing a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4279635\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 .
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Where an application is refused by the Commissioner he must record the reasons for his decision and furnish a copy to the applicant. To comply with subsection (2) the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Commissioner must record all the reasons for refusing to grant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The Commissioner complied with subsection (2) and wrote to the appellant in the following terms:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qc \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re: Application for Licence
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With reference to your application dated 7th January 197\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7, I regret to inform you that I am unable to issue you with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4279635 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 erms of section 58 of the Insurance Act No. 35 of 1976.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In terms of section 60 (2) of the Insurance Act of 1976 the reasons for my decision are as follows:
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It was alleged by your fo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rmer principal, the Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society, that your services were terminated on account of gross }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4279635\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 misdemeanors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. In particular, it was alleged that you had obtained the signatures of one Aisea Masivesi and one Samisoni Moroka on blank forms\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, including blank medical examination forms. From the available evidence it appears that you were responsible for or assisted in procuring or preparing and submitting false medical reports in respect of proposals made by the said Masivesi and Moroka when 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n fact such medical examinations had not taken place.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the circumstances, I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  am not satisfied in terms of section 60 (1}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the Insurance Act of 1976 that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14158584\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be in the public interest to issue you with the license applied for."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4279635 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 From the Commissio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ner's decision the appellant appealed to the Minister and complained (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15929464\charrsid949304 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) that the Commissioner acted in breach of the rules of natural justice in refusing to issue the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 .
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In his petition of appeal to the Minister the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  set out the gr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ounds on which he relied and submitted with the petition a number of documents. In his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4279635 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 petition he disclosed to the Minister his intention to make oral submissions and lead evidence in support of his appeal. This was follo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wed by a telephone call by Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Koya\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, acting for the appellant, on the 30th May 1977 to the Minister asking the Minister whether he would fix a date and place for hearing of the appeal and hear submissions from counsel. Mr Koya was advised by the Minister that he had no intention so to do b
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t that as soon as his investigations and consultations were completed he would give his decision.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister's decision was conveyed to Messrs. Koya and Company by letter dated the 2nd June 1977 written by the Permanent Secretary for Finance in the follo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wing terms:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qc \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4279635\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal by Mr Brij Bhushan Lal
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With reference to your Petition of Appeal dated the 20th of May 1977, I am directed to inform you that the Minister has carefully considered the averments in your Petition of Appeal but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 regret}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  his inability to acc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ede to your }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 request, that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the decision of the Commissioner of Insurance be revoked. In terms of section 73(1) of the Insurance Act of 1976, the Minister upholds the decision of the Commissioner of Insurance refusing to grant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to Mr Brij Bhushan La\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister is satisfied that on the available evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
including the information and explanations made available by and on behalf of Mr Brij Bhushan Lal that he was guilty of such misconduct as would make it proper and necessary in the public interest\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to refuse him a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to act as an insurance agent.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With reference to your letter of May 27th, I am to inform you that the Minister will not be exercising the powers vested in him by section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  31 of the Interpretation Act."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4279635 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 From that decision the appellan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t has appealed to this court on questions of law. There are 10 grounds alleging the Minister erred in law which I do not propose to set out in this judgment.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The only ground I need to consider is the fourth ground which states:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The Respondent erred in law\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 in not giving your Petitioner any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 opportunity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to argue and make submissions or lead evidence in support of his said appeal."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4279635 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Before considering that ground of appeal it is necessary to consider section 73 (1) of the Act which reads as follows:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid949304 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "73 (1) Sub\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ject to the provisions of subsection (2), a person aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner under this Act may within one month from the date on which the decision is intimated to him, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid949304 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  therefrom by petition in writing to the Minister who may, in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
his discretion, uphold or revoke such decision."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3541135 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Other than the fact that the appeal is by way of petition in writing the Act is silent as to the procedure to be followed by the Minister in considering the appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister is not empowered by the Act t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o grant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  but he has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  either to uphold or revoke the Commissioner's decision. If he revokes the decision the Commissioner would no doubt be directed to issue the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and would do so. If the Minister has not erred in law, under section\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 73 (3) of the Act his decision is final and conclusive.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister did consider the appeal and made a decision upholding the Commissioner's decision but the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appellant complains (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid949304\charrsid949304 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) that there was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3541135 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 denial of natural justice in that the appellan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t was given no opportunity to be heard on his appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It can be assumed in the absence of any denial by the respondent that the Minister did, as he advised Mr Koya he intended doing, carry out investigations and had consultations before coming to his decis
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ion and it appears such investigations and consultations were conducted privately. The appellant was not advised of any matters detrimental to his interests or given any opportunity to answer or refute prejudicial allegations made against him before a dec
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion was made by the Minister.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It is clear from section 73(1) of the Act that the Minister was constituted an appellate tribunal to consider the appeal on its merits, and there was therefore an obligation on him to act in a judicial manner. It is clear als
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o, as I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3541135 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Minister did consider the appeal and make a decision but the appellant contends the Minister erred in law in not hearing the appeal in the sense that the appellant was given no opportunity to present his case orally.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3541135\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Flowe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
r for the respondent referred to Civil Action No. 80 of 1977 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hardayal Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 in which case Stuart J. held that the applicant had no right to appear face to face with the Minister on an appeal to the Minister under section18(1) of the Immigration Act 1\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
971. That section is similar to section 73(1) of the Insurance Act except that under the Immigration Act the Minister is given power to vary an immigration officer's decision. There is no appeal from the Minister's decision under the Immigration Act as th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re is under section 73 of the Insurance Act.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hardayal Singh's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 case the learned judge was still concerned to see whether the applicant had been fairly treated and he held on the evidence before him that there had been no unfairness on the part of the Min\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ister.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hardayal Singh's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 case the issue was whether he as an alien should be permitted to remain in Fiji and on that issue the Minister clearly had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  whether to permit him to remain in Fiji.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hardayal Singh's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case was one of those cases in which 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 courts do not normally afford any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3541135 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 procedural}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 protection and application of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid3541135 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule. That rule is one of the principles of natural justice and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 recognizes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that parties must be given adequate notice and opportunity to be heard.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.A. de Sm\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ith in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judicial Review of Administrative Action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  3rd Edition at page 326 states:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Since appeal is the creature of statute, the exclusion of a non-existent right of appeal to the courts is otiose. There appears to be no reported case on the exercise of the S\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ecretary of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 State's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
iscretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 under section 26. Comment on the inherent powers of review enjoyed by the courts must therefore be speculative. But their past attitude towards his powers to exclude and deport aliens is probably relevant. That attitude has b
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 een }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 characterized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 by extreme self-restraint, although his power has not been expressly protected against judicial review. There is always the possibility that a court might be ready to intervene if an outrageous abuse of powers were to be perpetrated by th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Secretary of State in refusing a certificate of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 naturalization}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 or registration; and if it could be demonstrated that he had refused to consider an application on its merits, mandamus might yet issue. But one can predict that the case would have to be one\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that clamoured for judicial redress."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14966987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Different considerations apply in the instant case where there is a statutory right of appeal to a Court. Here we have a case where an insurance agent previously licensed under another Act sought a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  which was r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
efused. Coupled with the refusal to grant the appellant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , thus enabling him to continue his business of many years standing, were accusations of gross misconduct by the Commissioner of Insurance which in the Minister's decision becomes a statement\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that "he was guilty of such misconduct as would make it proper and necessary in the public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 interest to refuse him a licence to act as an insurance agent." 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S.A. de Smith in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judicial Review of Administrative Action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at page 158 where he discusses natural}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ju\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stice - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 right to a hearing says:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid278681 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"The Courts will be particularly ready to hold that fair procedural standards must be observed where deprivation of or encroachment on a legally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 recognized}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  interest is consequential on a finding of misconduct or (in some si\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tuations) inco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mpetence, or where the action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 taken or to be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 involves making an accusation or otherwise casting an aspersion on another's reputation ....
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The more severe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the penalty, imposition, deprivation, encroachment or slur, the more likely is it 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the courts will apply the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2965680 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In a note to this quotation the learned author states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2965680 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s elementary point emerges from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  numerous cases on licensing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0 ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14966987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The Minister's reason for upholding the Commissioner go a long way further t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
han a mere accusation, it is a statement of fact that the appellant had been guilty of such misconduct as to make it proper and necessary in the public interest to refuse a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . No opportunity was given to the appellant by the Minister to be heard in a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nswer to the allegations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 leveled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 against him either orally or by written representations. At page 159 Professor Smith states:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid278681 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "One can also imagine situations where the criteria for granting a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  are so clearly delineated, or the unfairness of the sum
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mary refusal of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 or the summary award of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to a competitor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 will be so manifest (e.g. because the worthiness of the applicant rather than the availability of resources is the dominant factor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shaping a decision), that it will be right for a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
court to hold that the deciding body is under an implied duty to give an applicant an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 opportunity of being heard and of being apprised of all information on which the decision may be founded."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14966987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is no doubt in my mind that in this case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule applies.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alfred Thangarajah Durayappah of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chundikuly. Mayor of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jaffna v. W. J. Fernando}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and Others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1967] A.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 337 the Privky Council considered an appeal in which it was alleged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that there was a denial of natural justice where there was mi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nisterial exercise of power dissolving a municipal council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At page 348 of the report there appears this passage:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid278681 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Upon the question of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 followed and agreed with the earlier decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sugathadas v. Jayasinghe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , a decis\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion of three judges of the Supreme Court upon the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and upon the same issue, namely, whether a council was not competent to perform its duties. That decision laid down}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li1797\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin1797\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 general rule the words such as '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 where it appears to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2965680 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if it appear\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 satisfaction of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ' or 'if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  considers it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 expedient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  that \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' or 'if the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is satisfied that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278681 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by themselves without other words or circumstances of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 qualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , exclude a duty to act judicially."
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Their Lordships disagree with this ap\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
proach. These various formulae are introductory of the matter to be considered and are given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 little}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 guidance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  upon the question of }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram partem.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 statute can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 make itself clear upon this point and if it does }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cadit quaestio}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . If it does not then the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 principle stated by Byles J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cooper v. Wandsworth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Board of Works}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must be applied. He said:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li1797\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin1797\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"A long course of decisions, beginning with Dr. Bentley's case, and ending with some very recent cases, establish, that, although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 there are no positive words in t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he statute requiring that the party shall be heard, yet the justice of the common law will supply the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 omission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the legislature." "
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5447080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At pages 350 and 351 appears this passage:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 their Lordships are only concerned with the question of incompetence, th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e true constructi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on of the section must be consi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dered as a whole and its necessary intendment in the light of the common law principles already stated.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It seems clear to their Lordships that it is a most serious charge to allege that the council, entrusted\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 with these very important duties, persistently makes default in the performance of any duty or duties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966987\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 imposed upon it. No authority is required to support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view that in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
such circumstances it is plain and obvious that the principle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ust apply.
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Equally it is clear that if a council is alleged persistently to refuse or neglect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to comply with a provision of}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  law it must be entitled (as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
matter of the most elementary justice) to be heard in its defence. Again this proposition requires no \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 authority to support it."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5447080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
That case was concerned with alleged incompetence of a municipal council. The instant case is a much stronger case in that it is concerned with allegations of gross misconduct.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15674239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Pergamon Press Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1971] Ch. D. 388 Lord Denn\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing M.R. at pages 399 and 400 said:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Seeing that their work and their report may lead to such consequences, I am clearly of the opinion that the inspectors must act fairly. This is a duty which rests on them, as on many other bodies, even though they are n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ot judicial, not quasi-judicial, but only administrative: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Reg. v. Gaming Board for Great Britain, Ex parte Benaim and Khaida}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1970] 2 QB 417. The inspectors can obtain information in any way they think best, but before they condemn or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 criticize}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a man, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
they must give him a fair opportunity for correcting or contradicting what is said against him. They need not quote chapter and verse. An outline of the charge will usually suffice."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15674239 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my view the Minister should have granted the appellant a hearing and h
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is failure to do so was a denial of natural justice.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15993313 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A 'hearing' may not necessarily be an oral hearing and it can include the making of written representations.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15674239 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Section 73(1) of the Act makes no reference to any hearing and in the absence of any clear sta\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tutory guidance on the matter if a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 is entitled to the protection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 audi alteram partem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid15674239 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  entitled to put his case orally. In a number of reported cases the Courts have held natural justice to be satisfied by an opportunity \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to make written submissions to the deciding body. While the appellant did present a very full petition to the Minister that was not in my view written representations but merely disclosing the grounds on which the appellant based his appeal. Had the petit
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on to the Minister been written representations Mr Koya would no doubt have bolstered up his client's case with the additional evidence he sought to introduce into this appeal and which I indicated I was not prepared to consider as this was an appeal on a
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 question of law and I was not concerned with the merits of the application to the Commissioner for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, except so far as the facts related to any questions of law I have to consider. I am not called on to consider whether the Commissioner of Insuranc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e acted in breach of the laws of natural justice. The Act provides for an appeal to the Minister and it was for the Minister on an appeal to him to consider whether the Commissioner had acted properly in refusing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15674239\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 .
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister has a statutory d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uty to consider the appeal and in the absence of statutory procedural provisions he is not bound to follow procedural rules akin to rules governing an appeal to a court of law.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5447080 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In my view where a statute provides a specific right of appeal to a Minister, a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s it does under the Insurance Act, the appellant must be given an opportunity of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15674239 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 presenting his case to the Minister and he should be acquainted with particulars of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ny prejudicial allegations made against him so that he is in a position to answer them. If
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the Minister after receiving the appeal receives or appears to receive evidence or information in the absence of the appellant which is not fully disclosed to him the case for setting aside a decision even where there is a hearing is a very strong one.

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Wh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ile this case is concerned with the refusal to issue a new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 are cases which indicate that different considerations may apply where there is a revocation of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , the facts in this case bear some resemblance to a revocation of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 licen
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The appellant previously held a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  unlimited as to time and was compelled to seek a new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 by the provisions of the new Act. He had been in business as an insurance agent for some years and a refusal to issue him a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to replace the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lice\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he previously held was a serious matter to the appellant.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As I have stated I am not concerned whether there is a failure of natural justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by the Commissioner as the appellant contends but I am concerned with any such failure by the Minister. In this \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
case there is a statutory right of appeal to the Minister and any failure by him of natural justice can be construed as a denial of that right of appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12652098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It was the Minister's duty to consider whether the Commissioner had properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
considered the applicatio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n for a licence and whether the reasons he gave for refusing the licence were valid and based on facts. This necessitated giving the appellant an opportunity to deny that:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 services with C.M.L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A. were terminated for gross }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid12652098 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 misdemeanors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That he ha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d obtained the signatures of Aisea Masivesi and Samisoni Moroka on blank forms including blank medical examination forms
\par {\listtext\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (c) That he was responsible or assisted in producing false medical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 reports in respect of proposals made by the said Masivesi and Moroka\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  when in fact such medical examinations had not taken place.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5447080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
These were very serious allegations and ones which could be proved either to be true or false by hearing evidence. The appellant in my view should have been permitted to give evidence and called \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
witnesses and the failure by the Minister to permit him to do so was on the facts manifestly unfair.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was evidence submitted to this court which I would have had to consider if this court was empowered to make an order that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be issued to the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
appellant. For reasons which I will give later the court cannot make such an order and the evidence I have referred to was irrelevant to this appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The evidence would be relevant in a hearing before the Minister.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If at the hearing before the Minister who\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , as an appellate tribunal was concerned with the reasons the Commissioner gave for refusing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, the appellant was able to establish the facts he alleged in the documents filed in this court it would appear that;
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1. The appellant was not a servant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the Colonial Mutual Life }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Assurance but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 an agent and his agency was terminated by letter dated 14th December 1976 in which letter there is no mention of any "gross }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 misdemeanors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ."
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As late as 22 October 1976, only a few weeks before Colonial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Mutual Lif
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Assurance terminated the appellant's agen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cy, the company described the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appellant's services to the company in these terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li1797\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin1797\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"There were some tremendous individual performances this last fortnight notably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brij Lal who has headed Kevin O'Brien for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 top 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 spot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5447080 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652098 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12652098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A Jaspal Singh, presumably a doctor, wrote to the Commissioner of Insurance on 14th February 1977 stating that if the forms of Messrs. Aisea Masivesi and Samisoni Moroka bore his signatures he must have examined them.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5447080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 These facts throw doubts on\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the validity of the reasons given by the Commissioner for refusing a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . There may have been other facts within the knowledge of the Commissioner. If so those facts should have been disclosed to the appellant so as to enable him to properly present h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is case to the Commissioner.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11303074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nister upheld the Commissioner's refusal to grant a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  on the grounds that it was proper and necessary in the public interest to refuse the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303074\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. It is not known whether the Minister considered the following matte\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs which in my view are relevant:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14688509 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
alleged acts committed by the appellant were in connection with an agency between the appellant and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303074\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  his principals between whom a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dispute had arisen.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 principals did not, so far as the evidence before me \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discloses make any report to the police. The appellant has not been charged or convicted of any offence relating to the alleged misconduct.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 principals terminated the appellant's agency which was a lucrative one and this termination must have resulte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in considerable loss of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 income for the appellant.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the appellant had sufficient experience in and knowledge of insurance matters and his financial standing and general character of management were sound.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303074\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That the interests of the public, if th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e alleged conduct of the appellant concerned the public interests, are adequately protected by section 61(1) of the Act which enables the Commissioner to revoke a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  if there are valid reasons for doing so.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 it was fair to deprive the appell\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ant in all the circumstances of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  right to continue his business as an insurance agent.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11303074 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
As to whether the appellant can be represented at the hearing before the Minister there is authority for the proposition that one who is entitled to appear in person \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is also entitled in the absence of express provision to the contrary, to be represented by a lawyer of his choice.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. St. Mary Abbotts Assessment Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1891] 1 Q\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  378 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11303074\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 establishes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  common law right of any person who has \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a statutory right to appear before a non-judicial tribunal to conduct his business before the tribunal by an agent as well as personally. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Board }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15929464\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15929464\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ex p. Kay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1916) 22 C\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  183 a case where the Board had refused to proceed with the hearing\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the appeal in the presence of the appellant's counsel the court held the appellant was entitled to be represented by counsel.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Minister under the Act is not a domestic trib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 unal but an appellate tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and the interests of the appellant could be \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 seriously prejudiced if he was not permitted to present his case with the assistance of counsel.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Being of the view that on the facts there has been a denial of natural justice it follows that the Minister's decision in upholding the Commissioner's decision\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 thereby dismissing the appellant's appeal cannot stand and must be set aside.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr Koya, relying on Order 55 rule 7(5) of the Supreme Court Rules, urged that the court should make the order which the Minister should have made that is revoke the Commissioner\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
's decision and order issue of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. I do not consider the court can make such an order.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr Koya overlooks the fact that the Minister has a discretion either to uphold or revoke the Commissioner's decision.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688509 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
S. A. de Smith states in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judicial Revi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ew of Administrative Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at pages 485 to 6 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  authority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Kingston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11303074\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 JJ's}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ex p. Davey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1902) 86 L\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  589:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14688509 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"The courts cannot, if they are to keep within the accepted limits of their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 own}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  jurisdiction, order the competent authority to exercise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iscretion in the applicant's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 favor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11303074 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15929464\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 must be exercised only by the authority to which it is committed. That discretion must be exercised in good faith and must have regard to all relevant considerations and must not be swayed by irrel\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evant considerations.

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If the appellant was seeking an order of mandamus the proper form of the mandamus would be one to hear and determine the appeal according to law (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14688509 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Kingston JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ex p. Davey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 which I have already referred to). That is the form of ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993313\charrsid15993313 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I propose to make.

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appeal is allowed and it is ordered that the appeal to the Minister under section 73(1) of the Insurance Act be heard and determined according to law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15993313\charrsid11303074 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal allowed. Order that appeal to Minister be heard and determined accordi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng to law.
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