{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f51\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f52\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f58\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f59\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f61\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f62\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f381\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f401\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f402\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f404\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}
{\f405\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f408\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f409\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f411\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red79\green129\blue189;}{\*\defchp 
\fs22\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 
Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink15 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 heading 1;}{
\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon1 \snext20 \slink16 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon2 \snext20 \slink17 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 heading 3;}{
\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \sunhideused \spriority1 \styrsid3558481 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
\snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs26\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs26\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0 
\sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f37\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0 
\sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid3558481 Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext19 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Num List 1;}{
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext20 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Paragraph - Numbered;}{
\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext21 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Indent1;}{\s22\qj \fi-720\li2761\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2761\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon19 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Num List 2;}{\s23\qj \fi-720\li3481\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin3481\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon22 \snext23 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Num List 3;}{
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext24 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Quote 1;}{\s25\ql \li1440\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon24 \snext25 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Quote 2;}{
\s26\ql \li2160\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon25 \snext26 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Quote 3;}{\s27\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon19 \snext27 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid3558481 List Paragraph;}{\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext28 \slink29 \styrsid3558481 
Body Text;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20 \sbasedon10 \slink28 \slocked \styrsid3558481 Body Text Char;}{
\s30\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon21 \snext30 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Indent2;}{
\s31\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon30 \snext31 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Indent3;}{\s32\qj \fi-601\li2761\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2761\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon36 \snext32 \styrsid3558481 List Bullet 2;}{\s33\qj \fi-1321\li3481\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2880\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin3481\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon32 \snext33 \styrsid3558481 List Bullet 3;}{\s34\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext34 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Judgment Heading;}{
\s35\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\snext35 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Judgment Coversheet;}{\s36\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext36 \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 List Bullet 1;}{
\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext20 \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Paragraph - Indent;}{\*\ts38\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af36\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\loch\f36\hich\af36\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon11 \snext38 \spriority59 \styrsid3558481 Table Grid;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext39 \spriority0 \styrsid3558481 Paragraph - No Indent;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid986221192\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listname ;}\listid-132}{\list\listtemplateid1940806724\listsimple
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid-131}
{\list\listtemplateid1909206690\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1080
\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listname ;}\listid-130}{\list\listtemplateid-673407674\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname ;}\listid-129}{\list\listtemplateid-1513205490\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listname ;}\listid-128}{\list\listtemplateid1770679684\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid-127}{\list\listtemplateid-1666687912\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \s33\fi-360\li926\jclisttab\tx926\lin926 }{\listname ;}\listid-126}{\list\listtemplateid-2028462628\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23
\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \s32\fi-360\li643\jclisttab\tx643\lin643 }{\listname ;}\listid-125}{\list\listtemplateid487851506
\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }{\listname 
;}\listid-120}{\list\listtemplateid1473696697\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01H;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-288\li360
\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }{\listname ;}\listid29265482}{\list\listtemplateid1321882883\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01E;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-288\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }{\listname ;}\listid45649061}{\list\listtemplateid1960718446\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace576\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'01D;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx648\lin432 }{\listname ;}\listid49538654}{\list\listtemplateid-823638066{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2041\jclisttab\tx1440\lin2041 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2761\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2761 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-1321\li4201\jclisttab\tx2880\lin4201 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li3600\jclisttab\tx2520\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li4320\jclisttab\tx3240\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040
\jclisttab\tx3960\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760
\jclisttab\tx4680\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480
\jclisttab\tx5400\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li7200
\jclisttab\tx6120\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid79839906\liststyleid760490016}{\list\listtemplateid1682605503\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace576\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01G;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx648\lin432 }{\listname ;}\listid87545208}{\list\listtemplateid1532904483\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01B;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx432\lin432 }{\listname ;}\listid104546337}{\list\listtemplateid1621735380\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat0\levelspace144\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'b7;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-144\li864\jclisttab\tx864\lin864 }{\listname ;}\listid119521328}{\list\listtemplateid1182318273\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat18\levelspace216\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \li360\jclisttab\tx576\lin360 }{\listname ;}\listid127861068}
{\list\listtemplateid-1068482196{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04(\'00) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2041
\jclisttab\tx1440\lin2041 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04(\'01) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2761
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2761 }{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04(\'02) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-1321\li4201\lin4201 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow1\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-125\li3005\lin3005 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'01\'06;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\'07;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li7200\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid212930889{\*\liststylename NumLists;}\spriority0 }{\list\listtemplateid-1785951926{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03\'00. ;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'01\'01;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers
;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid341401337{\*\liststylename NumParagraphs;}\spriority0 }{\list\listtemplateid-1402956786\listhybrid
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid2072392550\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \s27\fi-360\li726\lin726 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23
\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916419\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1446\lin1446 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916421\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2166\lin2166 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916417\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2886\lin2886 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916419\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3606\lin3606 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916421\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4326\lin4326 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916417\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5046\lin5046 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916419\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5766\lin5766 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid201916421\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6486\lin6486 }{\listname ;}\listid649750286}{\list\listtemplateid-1068482196{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04(\'00) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2041\jclisttab\tx1440\lin2041 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04(\'01) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2761\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2761 }{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'04(\'02) ;}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-1321\li4201\lin4201 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow1\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-125\li3005\lin3005 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'06;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'07;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255
\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li7200\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid754981193\liststyleid212930889}
{\list\listtemplateid-823638066{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2041\jclisttab\tx1440\lin2041 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-601\li2761\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2761 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-1321\li4201\jclisttab\tx2880\lin4201 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li3600\jclisttab\tx2520\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\jclisttab\tx3240\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\jclisttab\tx3960\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\jclisttab\tx4680\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\jclisttab\tx5400\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li7200\jclisttab\tx6120\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid760490016{\*\liststylename ListBullets;}\spriority0 }{\list\listtemplateid-1785951926{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03\'00. ;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'01\'01;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers
;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid888884367\liststyleid341401337}{\list\listtemplateid-1785951926{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03\'00. ;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'01;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid912156751\liststyleid341401337}{\list\listtemplateid-595397204
{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'00;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'01;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'06;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'07;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1007485472
\liststyleid1016157319}{\list\listtemplateid-595397204{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'00;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'01;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'02;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'06;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'07;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'08;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-720\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1016157319{\*\liststylename Indents;}\spriority0 }{\list\listtemplateid-1227983524{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listname ;}\listid1723672921{\*\liststylename IndentParagraphs;}\spriority0 }{\list\listtemplateid-1227983524{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-720\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listname ;}\listid1991707422\liststyleid1723672921}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid-125\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid-126
\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid127861068\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid119521328\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid104546337\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid49538654\listoverridecount0\ls6}
{\listoverride\listid87545208\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid119521328\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\'b7;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fs21\cgrid \fi-288\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }}\ls8}{\listoverride\listid49538654\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0
\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01D;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\expnd0\expndtw2\cgrid \fi-288\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }}\ls9}{\listoverride\listid45649061\listoverridecount0\ls10}{\listoverride\listid87545208\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel
\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace288\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01G;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\expnd0\expndtw3\cgrid \fi-288\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }}\ls11}
{\listoverride\listid29265482\listoverridecount0\ls12}{\listoverride\listid649750286\listoverridecount0\ls13}{\listoverride\listid212930889\listoverridecount0\ls14}{\listoverride\listid1016157319\listoverridecount0\ls15}{\listoverride\listid1016157319
\listoverridecount9{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel
\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}{\lfolevel\listoverridestartat\levelstartat1}\ls16}{\listoverride\listid760490016\listoverridecount0\ls17}
{\listoverride\listid341401337\listoverridecount0\ls18}{\listoverride\listid912156751\listoverridecount0\ls19}{\listoverride\listid1723672921\listoverridecount0\ls20}{\listoverride\listid888884367\listoverridecount0\ls21}{\listoverride\listid1991707422
\listoverridecount0\ls22}{\listoverride\listid754981193\listoverridecount0\ls23}{\listoverride\listid1007485472\listoverridecount0\ls24}{\listoverride\listid79839906\listoverridecount0\ls25}{\listoverride\listid-127\listoverridecount0\ls26}
{\listoverride\listid-128\listoverridecount0\ls27}{\listoverride\listid-120\listoverridecount0\ls28}{\listoverride\listid-129\listoverridecount0\ls29}{\listoverride\listid-130\listoverridecount0\ls30}{\listoverride\listid-131\listoverridecount0\ls31}
{\listoverride\listid-132\listoverridecount0\ls32}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid731703\rsid808012\rsid1211187\rsid3043988\rsid3278003\rsid3558481\rsid4749456\rsid4924055\rsid6754140\rsid6968095\rsid7288679\rsid9268432\rsid9901840\rsid10048033\rsid11142162
\rsid11365057\rsid12011397\rsid12021042\rsid12258537\rsid13004841\rsid14097229\rsid15534366\rsid15670011\rsid16609048}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info
{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2016\mo2\dy3\hr10\min23}{\revtim\yr2016\mo7\dy29\hr16\min30}{\version11}{\edmins305}{\nofpages16}{\nofwords8086}{\nofchars37903}{\nofcharsws45898}{\vern32775}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/
2003/wordml}}\paperw11907\paperh16839\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale90\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\ftnlytwnine\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\ApplyBrkRules\asianbrkrule\rsidroot808012\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0
{\*\wgrffmtfilter 0117}\ilfomacatclnup0\stylesortmethod0{\*\template C:\\Users\\baleimatuku_l.PACLII.ORG.VU.000\\Desktop\\pac-judgment-template-final.dotx}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid326\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4749456\sftnbj 
{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qr \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1976] 22 FLR 120
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9901840\charrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4749456\charrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MOHAMMED KASIM
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840\charrsid3558481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4749456\charrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINAM
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840\charrsid3558481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9901840 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Williams J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4749456 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 17th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  September, 1976
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4749456 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence and proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
victim shown number of photographs of different men from whom she selected that of the accused as he\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r attacker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 identification of accused later confirmed by victim at identity parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
whether proper for victim to identify accused at identity parade having already been shown his photograph.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence and proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence of similar fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
circumstances in which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9901840\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 such evidence may be admitted}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9901840\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13004841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence and proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rape}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
whether evidence of distress of victim can corroborate absence of consent.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence and proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 corroboration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 
\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4749456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 when lies told by accused can am\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ount to such.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12258537 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
After the victim alleged that she had been raped, she was shown a number of photographs of different men out of which she picked that of the accused as her attacker. This was before his arrest. Subsequently she picked out the accused at an}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901840 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 id\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
entity parade. There was nothing improper in this procedure, the only proviso being that her evidence must be taken subject to the fact that she had seen a photograph.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The accused had been seen the day before the offence at the same location threatening a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 passerby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and his girl friend and endeavouring to drive the man away leaving the girl behind. Evidence of such similar facts were properly admitted where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mistaken identity was put forward as a defence.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Evidence of the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s distress can corroborate lack \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of consent, but it was a matter for the court to examine such evidence carefully.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Although lies do not necessarily amount to corroboration, lies told out of court may amount to such.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Haslam v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  19 Cr. App. R. 59.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Ferguso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  18 Cr. App.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  R. 145.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Seiga v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1961) 45 Cr. App. R. 26
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Reading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  50 Cr. App. R. 98; [1966] 1 WLR 836.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thompson v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1918}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AC 221.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Redpath v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1962) 46 Cr App. 319; (1962) 106 SJ 412.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Tom Wilson v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  58 Cr. App. R. 304
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D.P.P. v Boardm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1974] 2 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  958; [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1975] A\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C 421.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Credland v Knowler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1951) 35 Cr. App. R. 48.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1973] 2 All ER 624; [1973] 2 WLR 876.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Knight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1966) 50 Cr. App. R. 122; [1966] 1 All ER 647.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chiu Nang Hong v Public Prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1964] 1 WLR 1279; 108 SJ 818

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Trigg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1963) 47 Cr. App. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
R. 94; [1963] 1 All ER 490.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12258537\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1976) 3 All ER 549; 63 Cr. App. R. 132.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12258537 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal against conviction and sentence in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Court for rape.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13004841 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M. Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M. Tapoo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12258537 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 WILLIAMS J.: [17th Septembe
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r 1976]\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is an appeal against the conviction and sentence on a charge of rape.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The brief facts a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re that the complainant, Miss Lorie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Anne Nelson, a U.S.A. citizen, 20 years of age, was a member of a group of young students visiting Fiji under the super\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vision of their teachers including Professor McKenzie, P.W. 7.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 About 8.30 a.m. on 15th May 1976, they went to Lomolomo Beach between Lautoka and Nadi. Prior to 11.00 a.m. the complainant clad }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n a bikini left the group and walked along the beach to the riv\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er mouth and turned inland seeking among the undergrowth a secluded place where she could relieve herself and enjoy a little solitude.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 After s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 turned from the beach someone called her from behind and on turning she saw a man whom she later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  identified\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as the accused. He o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ffered to show her an Indian graveyard and she followed him; then he took her further into the bush to show her a fruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alled "selifa". He gave his name as "Ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u" and asked if she were married. When she asked him to show her the way b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ack to the beach he asked her if she liked sex and reached for her. There was a struggle in which she tried to jam her knee into his private parts and she screamed for help. He threatened to kill her with a cane knife he had. She tried to get hold of it a
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d cut her finger. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 forced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  her to the ground, struck her in the chest and removed her bikini pants saying he would kill her if she did not stop screaming. He ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d intercourse with her and she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  said she was afraid of being killed if she resisted too }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 strongly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  called out. He completed the sexual act by ejaculating.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 She then realised that she had received an injury to her right foot. Her watch said 11.05 a.m.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Wanting to return to her friends she said she succeeded in humouring the accused to the extent of his sh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
owing her the way back to the beach. The accused combed his hair and in an attempt to strike a natural attitude she borrowed his comb describing it as red and 5" or 6" long.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 She described her assailant as being barefoot, an Indian with a moustache, about h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er own height, wearing khaki shorts and a headband. On rejoining her group on the beach she then complained to a friend Wendy that she had been raped and pointed to the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In her evidence she claimed that prior to the alleged rape she was a virgin.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9268432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 O
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the same day she was examined by P.W. 1, Dr Radh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a Krishna Setti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Natasami}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12258537 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at 2.30 p.m. at Lautoka Hospital. He found a semen like deposit in the vagina, a substantial cut 2" long}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and 1" deep on the right foot, a cut on the right index finger and a swollen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  right thumb joint.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s opinion was that there had been recent sexual intercourse and that the wounds were 1 or 2 hours old. In his opinion the complainant had been raped basing his opinion on the injuries which in his view resulted from a struggl
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 opinion has given rise to one ground of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the same day i.e. 15th May (N.B. the typed record shows it erroneously as the 18th May but the original record shows 15th and her evidence says it was after her visit to the hospital which was on 1
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5th May) at the police station she was shown 9 photographs and at once identified the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph. She also gave the name "Achu" to the police. When arrested on 16/5/76 the accused told the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that he had been away from the area all day on the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 15th. He said he had been at Votualevu since about 9 a.m. Therefore the question of identity was immediately in issue.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Then on 17th May, at Lautoka police station, she identified the accused at an identification parade.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In cross-examination the accused su\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ggested that the police had assisted her to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 select the accused from photographs, and that she saw him at the police station just before the parade. She denied these allegations and re-asserted that it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9268432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as the accused who had raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 From the time the po
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lice first saw him and up to the completion of the trial the accused denied that he had been in the vicinity and claimed that on the day in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he had been at Votualevu,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Nadi, from about 9.00 a.m.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Having been forewarned of the alibi the police produce\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d witnesses to counter it.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The grounds of appeal are lettered from (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) to (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ).
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) is that there is nothing in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to indicate that the accused had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ever pleaded to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
charge. It was argued that this nullified the whole proceedings. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was de
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alt with before hearing the rest of the appeal and I ruled against the defendant. My ruling is attached to this judgment of which it must naturally form part.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr Koya, for the appellant then dealt with ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid3278003 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onwards.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) alleges that the accuse\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d was denied the right to be defended by counsel. When the accused first appeared in court on 17.5.76 he said he did not wish to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 defended by counsel, but on 20.5.76 he said he wished Mr Anand to defend him and the record shows that the magistrate said t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
hat Mr Anand would be contacted. Mr Koya complains that there is nothing in the record to show that this was done and that it the court had not promised to contact Mr Anand on behalf of the accused the latter could and would have done so himself. Mr Koya}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 complaint appears to be speculative being based on a presumption that the magistrate did not contact Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Anand. However, at no time did Mr Koya allege that the accused had not in fact seen Mr Anand, and I am not prepared to assume that the magistrate did n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ot fulfill his promise to communicate the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s wishes to Mr Anand. On 26.5.76, the hearing date, the accused asked for an adjournment for the purpose of contacting counsel. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was a request which the trial magistrate did not ignore; in fact he adjourn\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed to ascertain from the senior magistrate whether the latte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13004841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r had contacted Mr Anand. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 trial magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s record on 26.5.76 reveals that the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s chosen counsel Mr Anand was contacted but because of a lack of funds the accused did not engage him.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 M\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r Koya then submitted that it was the magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s duty to inform the accused of his right to apply for legal aid and to give him an opportunity to do so. It is clear that when he first mentioned engaging counsel the accused did not raise the question of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
egal aid. Legal aid is not granted in Fiji with the extreme liberality enjoyed in the U.K. where it is granted to all and sundry as of right in proportion to their means. Mr Koya gained nothing by referring to utterances from the English bench that legal 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
id should always be granted in all serious cases and even in misdemeanours. No doubt it is highly desirable all round for accuseds to be represented. Unfortunately, as Mr Koya well knows, the slender Fiji purse could not extend to such extremes. For the m
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gistrate to invite an accused to apply for legal aid would raise his hopes of getting it, and it may not have been granted. I do not know of a case where legal aid has been granted in a magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s court.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) alleges that the evid
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ence of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s identification of the accused by means of photographs was wrongly received. The complainant, as I have mentioned, saw 9 photographs on 15.5.76 the day of the alleged rape and picked out the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph. Mr Koya submitted \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that there should have been evidence that the police possessed a true photograph of the accused and that the photograph identified was in fact that of the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is nothing in the cases referred to by Mr Koya which states that the police have to gi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ve evidence that they had a true photograph of accused. The photograph selected by the complainant was a sufficient likeness to immediately send the police in search of the accused. Had it not been the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph, the magistrate, who had the exhi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bits before him, would not have said in his judgment (41 typescript) that the victim had identified a photograph of the accused. The photograph was there; it speaks for itself as to whether it is a likeness of the accused or not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was nothing unfair i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the way in which a photograph of the accused was selected by the victim from those of different persons presented to her. P.W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14097229 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 17, S.P.C. 395 Sera, Saro, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
my view, conducted the photograph identification quite properly if her evidence is to be believed\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and the magistrate clearly believed it.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) complains that the identification parade at Lautoka police station on 17th May was unfair in that the complainant had previously see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14097229 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n a photograph of the accused. I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v F\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 erguson}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  18 Cr. App. R. 145. But in that case it transpired that "prison photographs" were used showing prison number of the two accused. They were sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n to the jury, which was tantamount to revealing that the accused had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  criminal record. The convictions \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
were naturally quashed. The witness in that case has been shown the photographs of the accused before being asked to identify them on a parade. It is not suggested in the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14097229 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Fergu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 son}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3558481\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case that the witnesses were asked to identify any suspects fr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om a number of different photograghs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 was referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Haskon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3558481\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 case 19 Cr. App. R. 59. However the facts revealed that the accused, unlike the instant case, was already in custody when the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 witness was shown his photograph and later identified him on a pa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rade. This was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
held to be improper and the appeal was allowed. Subsequently the Court of Appeal discovered that they had been misinformed and that their decision on the question of identification was consequently erroneous. It transpired that when the phot
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ographs had been shown to the identifying witnesses the accused was not in custody; moreover it was not simply a photograph of the accused which was shown but a dozen photographs of different persons from which the accused}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 selected. The id\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
entification parade was held about 4 months after his photograph had been identified and the Court of Appeal observed that, in those circumstances, there could be no criticism of the police in using at the parade the same witnesses who had identified the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ccused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Frederick Seiga v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1961)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14097229 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
45 Cr. App. R. 26, the accused was in custody when an identifying witness was shown 9 photographs and immediately identified the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph. She then attended an identifica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion parade. The court \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 demned this conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 because the witness could have att}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ended the identification parade without seeing any photographs. They had not been used for the purpose of giving the police a clue as to who the suspect was.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ferguson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3558481\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appeal (supra) at p. 148 th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e learned Chief Justice pointed out that where a witness picks out an accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s photograph from several others to help the police in making an arrest it is not improper to ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ll that same witness to an iden}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tification parade but his evidence is then to be ta\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ken subject to the fact that he has seen a photograph.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The reported cases do not show that it was improper for the complainant to identify the accused on a parade after having selected him prior to his arrest from a number of different photographs. She pic
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ked out the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s photogrpah only a few hours after the alleged rape having seen him in bright daylight and having been in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his company before he raped her and afterwards. It was not as if she had caught a glimpse of someone moving in a crowd or had bee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n raped in the dark. In such a case her selection of a photograph could be dubious. It would be strange had she not been able to carry his likeness in her mind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s eye for a few hours before seeing the photograph.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11142162 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
A Home Office Circular quoted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10048033 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 351 relates to the use of photo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
graphs for identification purposes. It states at para. 22 of the instructions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14097229 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Where there is no evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid14097229 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 implicating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the suspect save identi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cation by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 photo, the witness as to identification should be taken to an identif\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ication parade notwithstanding that they may already have made an identification by photograph.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11142162 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The danger of using, on an identification parade, a witness who has selected a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
photograph of a suspect is obvious where he saw the suspect in circumstances whic\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h rendered a thorough view of him difficult; e.g. seen only in crowd for a few moments, or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
alone for only a few moments when visibility was poor, or at a distance which might make identification dubious. At the most such witness only receives general impre\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ssions. Selection of the photograph leads to an arrest and if the witness has selected a wrong photograph the impression it leaves on her mind may prompt her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to select its likeness on a identification parade. A jury may give undue weight to the identificat\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion by way of parade.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Doubts of that nature do not arise in this case. There was every possible opportunity and reason for the victim to have her assailant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s likeness impressed upon her. She had to identify her assailant to help the police make an arrest. 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Her attendance at the identification parade on 17.5.76 does not clash with the dicta in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Furguson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3558481\charrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11142162 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case and is acceptable under the Home Office Circular (supra).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid731703 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid731703\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  also alleges that there was a distinct possibility that the accused may have been s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
een by the complainant at the police station before the parade. The complainant denied this in evidence. P.W. 8, Constable S. P. Singh said the "parade room" was situated where the complainant could not have seen it from where she waited before being cond
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cted to the parade room. P.W. 20 said the accused was in a police cell until he took him to the "parade room". The accused was on the ground floor and the complainant who was in an upper floor room which could not have seen the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s movements. The mag\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
istrate expressly found that the parade was conducted fairly and in my view he was justified in so holding. Although he cross-examined witnesses in relation to the parade, the accused did not mention it in his unsworn evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid731703\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 alleges that the evidence of similar facts given by Constable Mohammed Janif Khan, P.W. 11 was wrongly admitted, and highly prejudicial and that the magistrate ought not to have acted on it. The witness and his girl friend on 14/5/76 (the day preceeding 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he alleged rape) went to Lomolomo beach. He said the accused, carrying a cane knife, approached them near the river mouth, alleged they were in restricted area near a cemetery and would be detained until the police arrived; he says the accused raised the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ane knife threateningly trying to drive P.W. 11 away leaving his girl friend behind and saying that he, the accused would take her to her parents. On 15th May on hearing of the alleged rape he mentioned this incident to his superiors. He also identified a
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 photo as that of the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Reading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, 50 Cr. App. R. at 107, Edmund Davies J. in his judgment said,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12011397 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Evidence of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s misconduct on other occasions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid12011397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be relevant as tending to negative mistaken identification on the part of one of the C\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rown witnesses and the "same is true of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s possession of incriminating materials"."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid731703 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thompson v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1918] AC 221, the House of Lords considered charges of indecency committed on small boys on March 16. Evidence showed that the accused was in th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e company of the same boys on March 19 and gave them money and that at the time he had indecent photos and powder puffs on him. Lord Sumner at p. 233 said.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12011397 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ".......}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it was said that the fact that the man whom the boys identified was a person who had in his\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  possession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 these incriminating objects ten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ded to confirm their accuracy and to show that they had made no mistake. As it seems to me this is only another way of suggesting that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 possession}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  itself goes to prove identity. That the boys should pick out as\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the guilty person someone who, unknown to them, possessed these objects confirms their accuracy, for if such possession is one of the personal indicia of the guilty man, it shows that they selected a man who so far corresponds to the man who was wanted."

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid731703 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Lord Parmoor in his judgment at p. 237 made it quite clear that similar fact evidence is admissible where the defence is, as in the instant case, one of mistaken identity.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Following the line of reasoning of Lord Summer (supra) the complainant had identifie\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d an Indian male who on the previous day of the same beach, at the river mouth, used a cane knife threateningly in an endeavour to drive away a young woman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s male companion and leave her alone with the accused, and also made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reference to a cemetery. The co\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mplainant could not have known of that incident which tends to confirm her identification of the accused as one who would by threats with a cane knife try to secure the sole companionship of a young woman. I do not regard it as unfairly admitted.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In any ev\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent there was other corroborative evidence which rendered the similar fact evidence unnecessary. It was tendered in rebuttal of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s alibi that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was at Votualevu at the time of the alleged rape. The magistrate mentioned it in his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 judgment. Thus \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 one Kandi Sami P.W. 13 stated that about 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 0 a.m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
9.00 a.m. on 15.5.76 he saw the students on the beach and he saw the accused with a cane knife up an almond tree and wearing a headband; he again saw the accused in the same locality between 11.30 am and\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 12 mid-day. The accused was then out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3278003 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 side his house which is only \'bc\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mile from the beach.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Permal Naidu, P.W. 15, has known the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  accused since the latter was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  child. About 11.30 a.m. on 15.5.76 he was proceeding to the watergate (i.e. in the vicinity of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cemetery already referred to) and the beach when he saw P.W. 13 and a little further on he saw the accused with a headband and carrying a cane knife.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At 12.30 p.m. P.W. 16, Kupanna Reddy (P.W. 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s wife) who was going to Nadi, received a lift in a car driv\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en by the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s brother and the accused was in it. She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 boarded the car about 3 minutes walk from her home which is 40 chains from accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s home. P.W. 13, 15 & 16 did not need to identify the accused. They recognised him and their evidence showed accus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed to be in the local}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ity of the crime from 9.00 a.m. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to 2.30 p.m. The accused in an unsworn statement said he was at Votualevu at the material time. In support of his alibi he called D.W. 2 who said she had not seen the accused until 6.30 p.m. and conseque\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ntly her evidence was valueless.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D.W. 3, Ibrahim, is the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s brother. It was he who gave a lift to P.W. 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(above). D.W. 3 agreed the accused was in the car when he gave a lift to P.W. 16 but alleged it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was 9.00 a.m. However, on 17.5.76 he had signed\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a statement saying that on 15.5.76 he had not left home until 11.30 a.m. In cross-examination he denied giving that time to the po}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lice. The magistrate believed P.W. 13, -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
15 & 16 and made it very clear that he did not believe D.W. 3 and he rejected the acc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s alibi.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Magistrate obviously accepted that the accused was in the vicinity of the alleged crime from about 9.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m., a period of 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  \'bd\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hours, and whilst he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
opportunity to commit it. The descriptions given by the prosecution w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 itnesses is to the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s dress and his carrying a cane knife tallied with the description given by the complainant. The tendering of an alibi which proves to be false can corroborate the complainant as can the lie which he told to the police as to his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 whereabouts, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the evidence of distressed condition as will be mentioned later.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) alleges that the opinion of Dr R.K.S. Natasami, P.W. 1 that the complainant had been raped, was wrongly received and was highly prejudicial. It c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ould be prejudicial if the magistrate showed that he had placed any reliance upon it. In deciding the issue of consent he made no reference to Dr Natasami}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s P.W. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s opinion, except that the complainant was not a virgin at the time. The magistrate compared\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  P.W. l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s reasons for saying she was not a virgin with the evidence of Dr Sutton an experienced gynaecologist who stated that P.W. l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s reasons for not regarding the complainant as a virgin were far from conclusive. The magistrate accepted Dr Sutton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evide\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nce that the absence of a hymen could be due to many factors other than sexual intercourse, and rejected Dr Natasami}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence. He made no other reference to Dr Natasami}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence. There is nothing in his judgment which shows that he relied upon Dr Natas\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ami}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s opinion that the complainant had been raped. However in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11365057 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Trigg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (post) the Court of Appeal said in a case of rape "She was picked up in a distressed condition and examined shortly afterwards by a doctor who came to the conclusion that she had \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
undoubtedly been raped." That was a forthright opinion and the Court of Appeal saw nothing wrong in its being received. Dr Natasami based his opinion on the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s injuries which in themselves would only be meagre evidence of lack of consent. Howeve\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
r, as I have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
already said there was corroborative evidence which would outweigh any possible prejudice which the doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s opinion may have caused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 round (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid731703\charrsid731703 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 alleges that the circumstances point to the complainant being a consenting party\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and that the magistrate erred in not considering the evidence in that light. Mr Koya submitted that it was highly improbable that a young woman clad only in a bikini would wonder so far from her party and into the undergrowth. He stressed that clad as sh
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 was one could expect that she was consenting party in as much as she had accepted the company of the man and gone further into the undergrowth with him. Then having had intercourse with him and realising possible consequences she fabricated this allegati
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n of rape. Why when she only wanted to relieve herself had she accompanied the man? He pointed out that it was only in cross-examination that she said she had relieved herself before meeting the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That ground is linked with ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4924055\charrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that there was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 corroboration on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the issue of consent and that in regarding evidence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid731703\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 complainant's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 distressed condition as corroboration the magistrate erred in law. Consequently he had failed to warn himself of the danger of acting on uncorroborated evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4924055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Con
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 trary to Mr Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s submissions there is no doubt that evidence of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s distress can corroborate lack of consent. It is possible that a complainant may simulate distress in support of a false accusation. Females who like publicity have been kno\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
wn to falsely accuse males of indecency and rape; such accusations have also been based on malice and a desire for revenge. Distress evidence should be examined carefully.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Redpath v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1962) 46 Cr. App. R. 319 a little girl playing on the moors was inde\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cently assaulted by a motorist who then drove away. A complete stranger has seen the accused walk towards the child; he did not see what happened. After the accused had gone the child emerged looking extremely distressed and on being approac}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed she burst i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nto tears. The Court of Appeal observed that the child was not aware she was being observed and distress could not have been simulated. The evidence of the child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s distressed condition was accepted as corroborative of her complaint.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appeal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12011397\charrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Tom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12011397 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Wilso\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1974) 58 Cr. A. R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  304, indicates the kind of cir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cumstances where evidence of distress will not corroborate the complaint. A woman in her early twenties said she had left home because her father occasionally had intercourse with her. She complained tha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t he "phoned her at her flat and threatened to stab her mother if the girl would not let him have intercourse with her. Thereupon she rang Mrs Guy, a woman connected with "The Samaritans", complained to her and went to see her shortly after the threat. Mr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Guy said the girl sounded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 incoherent on the telephone and seemed extremely distressed when she saw her. The judge ruled that the evidence of distress was acceptable as corroboration o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7288679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f her complaint and that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the jury to decide whether or not th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ey would accept it. The Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7288679 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of Appeal held that this was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
misdirection. The evidence of distress did not in the circumstances amount to corroboration. It would be absurd to say that any circumstances pointed to someone having the opportunity to make a t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
elephone call. They pointed out that if there was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 phone call}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  only the girl and her father took}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 part in the alleged conversation. Her apparent distress could not be evidence of the fact there had been a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 phone call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  or that it contained such a threat.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .W. 6, Miss Allen, a member of the tourist party said they had arrived in Lautoka on 13.5.76 and went to Lomolomo on 15.5.76. They were ent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7288679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ire strangers to that area. She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  noticed the absence of the complainant and on her return observed that she was pale, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 looked frightened, was weeping and her hands were trembling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The complainant said she had been raped. The complainant was obviously made at the first opportunity. P.W. 9, Kopke, a male member of the group saw the complainant return and she asked for Dan Mc
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Kenzie (supervisor of the group). P.W. 9 observed she walked strangely, that her back was covered with dirt, and that she went to P.W. 6 put her arms round her and collapsed. P.W. 9 at once brought Professor McKenzie who was 500 yards away. The latter, P.
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 7 said that the complainant was staggering, appeared dazed, her lips trembled, her eyes seems glazed and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 she was very white. She told him she had been raped by an Indian who said his name was Archu.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The circumstances point to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lainant never having\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 met the accused beforehand. From the time she left her group to the time she returned was about 45 minutes, and during that time she had walked half a mile or more. There was little time for her to have been wooed by and if she had consented it would mea
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
being suddenly and unexpectedly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
accosted by a stranger she willingly removed her bikini pants and had intercourse with him. Such a picture is not consistent with injuries she received in those 45 minutes. Although she could simulate distress one m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ay consider whether it is likely that she could deliberately assume "a pale" or "very white" face.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6754140 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The magistrate, in my view, was justified, in the particular circumstances and in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4924055 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the light of other evidence and the alibi evidence to which I will refer pr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 esently in accepting the evidence of her distress as corroborating absence of consent.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The conduct of an accused can amount to corroboration and it will be helpful to review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s conduct in that connection. When Detective Raju, P.W. 12 went to the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s home at 5.20 p.m. on 15.5.72, he was not there. He was eventually located at the house of an old lady on 16.5.76 at 9.20 p.m. When the police party entered, the accused made for the window; he tried to escape but was restrained. Why react in thi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s manne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r at the appearance of the polic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e? When interrogated on his arrest he said (ex. 9A) that he went to Votualevu at 9.00 a.m. and was still there at 6.30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p.m. If that reply were true why did he attempt to fly when the police came to his bedroom? The ma\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gistrate clearly regarded that as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16609048 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lie. When charged the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
repeated the same lie. Although lies do not necessarily amount to corroboration it was stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1973] 2 WLR 876, that lies told out of court may amount to corroboration. The Co\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
urt of Appeal indicated that where an accused tells lies in his evidence to the court that does not provide corroboration of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence, but is merely a reason for rejecting the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence. However, lies told out of court by an accu\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sed are viewed differently. The judgment at p. 883 E/F reads:\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16609048 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Proof of a lie told out of court is capable of being direct evidence, admissible at the trial, amounting to affirmative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid16609048 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the untruth of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s denial of guilt. This in turn ma\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y tend to confirm the evidence against him and to implicate him in the offence charged."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6754140 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That statement of the law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was approved in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Boardman}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1974] 2 All ER 958. In that case a headmaster charged with buggery of a pupil told a police inspector that the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pupil was lying because accused had expelled him. The statement about expulsion was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 untrue. The Court of Appeal at 963 (d) stated:\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16609048 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"In relation to this evidence the judge directed the jury that if they were satisfied that the appellant had lied, either to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the police before the trial or in the witness box, such lies were capable of amounting to corroboration. Counsel had attacked this direction on the grounds that if the appellant lied to the inspector it was only on a peripheral matter and that, on the au
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, lies told by the appellant in evidence cannot amount to corroboration. We are unable to accept the first of these arguments. In our view if the appellant had lied to the inspector in saying he had expelled, S, it was not a lie on a p
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eripheral matter but of such a nature and made in such circumstances as to lead to an inference in support of (the complainant) (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Credland v Knowler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  citing other authorities)."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6754140 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 They also said at p. 884,
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16609048 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "If the defence is an alibi and the alibi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6754140\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 break}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  do\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wn the jury must not be told that they may }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid16609048 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 convict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 merely because the alibi has broken down, but they are entitled to ask themselves the single question, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Why has a false alibi been tendered?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  If there is only one possible answer to that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  question they are \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 entitled to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  give their answer by their verdict."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6754140 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6754140\charrsid6754140 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Credland v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid6754140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Knowler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1951) 35 Cr. App. R. 48 (quoted above) referred to an allegation of indecent assaults on 2 little girls. They had entered the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s garden and they alleged that he took them \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
for a walk up the hill and committed the offences. To the police he denied having ever left his garden; soon after he agreed with the police that he did leave his garden and go up the hill with the girls. The Divisional Court of Appeal stated that that li
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 in conjunction with his later admission that he did go up the hill with the children (although he denied touching them) amounted to corroboration of the unsworn evidence of the two little girls.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12021042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12021042\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v James Henry Knight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16609048 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1966) 50 Cr. App. R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 122, the app
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ellant was charged with indecently assaulting a little girl in a public lavatory in Parliament Street. Her father saw her in Parliament Street with the accused and the accused walked away. When seen by the police the accused denied that he had been in Par
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iament Street. The Court of Appeal referred to its judgment in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Redpath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3558481\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case (supra) and said at p. 126,
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16609048 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"In those circumstances this Court had no hesitation in saying that if the jury believed the father and found that the appellant was telling a lie, it\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 was certainly very cogent evidence capable of amounting to corroboration."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12021042 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Following the ratio decidendi of those decisions it seems that if the accused lied to the police saying that he was at Votualevu all day on 15.5.76 when he had been recognised in t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he vicinity of the crime at the material time, that would be very cogent evidence capable of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amounting t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o corroboration. As stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12021042\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) it could amount to affirmative}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof of the untruth of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s denial of guilt. It would indicat\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e that he was endeavouring to conceal the fact that he had been in the vicinity at the time of the alleged offence. The accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s defence was an alibi in which he maintained that he was at Votualevu at the time of the offence. The magistrate rejec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted the a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 libi. As was said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12021042\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v Boardman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (supra) the magistrate was entitled to ask himself why a false alibi had been tendered, and if there was only one possible answer to that question, namely that the accused was concealing his true movements then the magistr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ate was entitled to give his answer by his finding. That evidence when considered in the light of the distress evidence given by the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s companions supports their credibility, in that it can be regarded as corroborative of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evide\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce of absence of consent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  need for the magistrate to warn himself of the danger of convicting on uncorroborated e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
idence. There was cogent corroborative evidence from more than one source confirming the act of sexual intercourse, the absence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of consent and implicating the accused. It would have been preferable for the magistrate to record his awareness of the need for corroboration on those points. However, he dealt with them separately and revealed that he accepted the distress evidence as c
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rroborative of lack of consent. Although he did not use the word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 corroboration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he regarded such testimony as "further illustrations of lack of consent." He did say that he dismissed the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s alibi as having been rebutted by the prosecution evidence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and indicated that as a consequence he regarded the accused as being guilty.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Privy Council, In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chin Nang Hong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1961] 1 W}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LR 1279, held that a judge sitting alone should, where there is no corroboration warn himself of the danger of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 conv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 icting an uncorro
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 borated eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Trigg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1963) 47 Cr. App. R. 94, it was held that where there is evidence, which if accepted must amount to corroboration, the jury should still be informed of the danger of convicting on uncorroborated evidence. However a professio
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nal magistrate combining the functions of judge and jury is in a different position. A jury returning a verdict of guilty may have rejected corroborative evidence and accepted the evidence of the complainant alone, but juries to not give reasons for their
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 verdicts and warning are necessary features of a summing up. On the other hand a magistrate or judge sitting alone gives his reasons for his verdict and they may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 well reveal that he has borne the dangers in mind. The magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s reasons for conviction and\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 acceptance of corroboration could have been more cogently expressed and indeed the evidence might usefully have been referred to in more detail. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Nevertheless}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it is apparent that he realised what kind of corroboration was required by referring to it and ac\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cepting it in support of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Australian Law Journal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Vol. 50 No. 4 p. 158 of April 1976 contains an interesting review of the approaches of English and Australian courts in regard to warning juries of the danger of convicting in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sexual cases without corroboration, and of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
whether to warn them where there is corroborative evidence. The learned author made an extensive review of the Australian authorities and pointed out that in Australia where there is corroboration of a complainant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 in sexual cases the absence of a warning does not amount to an error of law and not even to a miscarriage of justice.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I conclude that in a trial conducted by a professional magistrate sitting alone, where there is corroboration in a sexual case he is not \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
obliged to specifically direct himself as to the need for it provided it is apparent that he must have accepted it.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) is a mere quibble about use of the words bikini and panties and I dismiss it.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) refers to the evidence
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of Professor Mckenzie, P.W. 7, alleging that the magistrate erred in accepting testimony from him as to the veracity and character of the complainant. The magistrate, on the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s behalf, questioned P.W. 7 at the end of his evidence in chief by sugges
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ting that there could be other explanations for the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s appearances and P.W. 7 agreed. The magistrate then tried to ascertain whether the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s make up had displayed any tendency which could prompt her to fabricate such a charge. P.W. 7 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
xpressed the view that she was truthful and not a good actor. The judgment does not purport to accept P.W. 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s reply as supporting the prosecution case. Had P.W. 7 said anything which could have pointed to instability in the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s character the mag\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 istrate would no doubt have followed this up for the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s benefit.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) alleges that regarding the evidence as a whole and taking account of all the circumstances the magistrate should have acquitted the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The preceding \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 numerous grounds of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 have required me to review care}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
fully the whole of the evidence and the law and practice relating thereto. If the magistrate believed it, there was ample evidence to up hold the conviction. I have referred to it already and it is \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
unnecessary to go into it all again.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This ground fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) was dealt with first.

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) states that the magistrate failed to direct himself as to the need for caution in considering visual evidence of identification. Mr Koya referred to a Law R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
eport in The Times dated 9/7/76 headed "Identification evidence guidance" contained in a judgment of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Turnbull & Others}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . It indicates how a judge should warn juries of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  care required in assessing evidence of identification when\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the prosecution case rests entirely on its reliability. There was no jury and there was considerable evidence to corroborate the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s identification, as I have already pointed out. A jury, as I have said, gives no reasons for its judgment and it \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is essential that their minds should be directed to the dangers inherent in visual identification. When a magistrate sitting alone gives his reasons for accepting a visual identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and refers to other evidence s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as the lie to the police as to sus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s movements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12021042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , the evidence of neighbours wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o recognised him and his false alibi, all of which amount to ample and cogent corroboration of the identification, then it displays no casual acceptance of the identification. The magistrate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s omission to reco\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rd that he was aware of the need for reliable identification evidence led to no miscarriage of justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1211187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The accused was recognised in the vicinity of the crime at material times by witnesses who had known him for years. As stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , recogniti\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on has more probative value in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  establishing identity than a subsequent identification by an individual who did not know the accused prior to the crime.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The accused did not give evidence on oath and there was no evidence from him which challenged or contrad\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
icted his identification. This, according to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R v T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1211187\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ur}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, was a factor which the magistrate could take into account in assessing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
weight to be given to the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) fails.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In opening the appeal Mr Koya said he was abandoning g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rounds (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) as being part of the other grounds. However, on closing he referred to ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) which states that the magistrate accepted evidence without first evaluating it and thus pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ented himself from giving proper consideration to the defence. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr Koya explained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that that ground referred to the early portion of the judgment at the top of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p.40 which reads:\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16609048 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "I have no doubt but that in the circumstances if he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r testimony is to be believed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Miss Nelson had no option whatsoever than to submit and I b
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 elieve her when she says she had no opportunity to escape or to reach for the cane knife lying behind her assailant on the floor."
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1211187 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That statement followed a precis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s description of the rape. However, the magistrate did not then say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ther\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efore I am satisfied that she was raped and that it was the accused who did it." He went on to re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
fer to her evidence in general i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ncluding her claim to be a virgin. P.W. 1 Dr Radha Krishna, said the hymen was missing and she could not have been a virgin at 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the time. But Dr Sutton stated that there were many reasons, including the use of tampons when menstruating which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 could damage the hymen. The complainant had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 used tampons for several years and the magistrate took the view that this could account for the ab\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sence of the hymen. He was considering the possibility of her showing readiness to indulge in sexual intercourse, and the effect that this would have on her credibility. Likewise he was considering the probability that she had lied in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 saying she was a virg\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in which would further affect her credibility. Therefore in saying he believed she had no opportunity to escape he obviously could and should have added some such expression as "for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the following reasons", because he then went on to explain why he accepted\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 her evidence of no consent He did not arrive at a conclusion without considering the evidence and giving it what weight he deemed it deserved. He then found that there had been a rape.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11365057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thereafter he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 went on to consider the issue of identity and the eviden\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce of both sides thereon. It would have been better if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1211187 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he had deferred his finding on the issue of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rape until he had dealt with the evidence as to identity, beca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1211187 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 use in the circumstances the acc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s untruth to the police about his movements was acceptable\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  corroborative evidence of the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s evidence of lack of consent apart from the false alibi.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It could not be said that he precluded himself from giving fair and full consideration to the evidence of the defence. In fact the accused gave no evidence\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  apart from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
an unsworn statement denying the offence and claiming to have been in Votualevu at the time. The only evidence tendered was from the alibi witnesses. The magistrate considered the evidence of the alibi witnesses before rejecting it as unreliabl
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. He had ample grounds for taking that course.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) is rejected.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It follows that the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s appeal against his conviction is dismissed.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is also an appeal against sentence which appears as ground (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ). Mr Koya pointed out that when the learne\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d magistrate delivered his judgment on 28.5.76 he did not sentence the accused. He deferred sentence because there was a judgment pending concerning the accused on an earlier charg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e of rape which was not deliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15670011 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 until 7/6/76. On 9/6/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 76 the magistrate the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n sentenced the accused as a person with a previous conviction for rape and imposed a term of five years imprisonment consecutive to the sentence already imposed and 7 strokes.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my opinion the magistrate erred in adopting this procedure. What decision th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e other magistrate might come to was no concern of his in passing sentence. Had there been a finding of not guilty on the other charge, the magistrate would have been embarrassed by his knowledge that the accused had been tried for a similar offence. More
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ver, what one takes into account is evidence of previous, not subsequent convictions. In the instant case the accused was convicted on 28th May and the magistrate accepted a conviction on 7th June as being previous.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He should have sentenced the accused wit\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hout reference to the other case and the other magistrate could have taken account of the conviction on 28th May.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 According to the magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558481\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s record the accused on 7/6/76 had received 4 years and 9 strokes for the rape and 15 months for some other offenc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15670011 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
learned that the 4 years and 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 months were consecutive making 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'bc
\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 years. The magistrate in the instant case imposed a sentence of 5 years consecutive to the foregoing and seven strokes. It amounts to a total of 10}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'bc\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 years.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Had the magistrate p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 assed sentence at once he would have treated the accused as of hitherto good character. In those circumstances I would have thought that a sentence of 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'bd\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 years imprisonment and 10 strokes would have been appropriate.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Accordingly I vary the sentence impose\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d by the learned magistrate from one of 5 years and 7 strokes to one of 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  \'bd\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4749456\charrsid3558481 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 years and 10 strokes.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I understand that there will be an appeal against the other conviction for rape. Should the appeal fail it would be open to the prosecution to inform the judg\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e that the accused has one previous conviction for a like offence, namely the conviction herein.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11365057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal against conviction dismissed. Appeal against sentence allowed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11365057\charrsid11365057 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4749456\charrsid11365057 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b
44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7
065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000
00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08
84a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b63095120f88d94fbc
52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462a1a82fe353
bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468
656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b4b0d592c9c
070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b4757e8d3f7
29e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b03041400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65
312e786d6cec594f6fdb3614bf0fd87720746f6327761a07758ad8b19b2d4d1bc46e871e698996d850a240d2497d1bdae38001c3ba618715d86d87615b8116d8
a5fb34d93a6c1dd0afb0475292c5585e9236d88aad3e2412f9e3fbff1e1fa9abd7eec70c1d1221294fda5efd72cd4324f1794093b0eddd1ef62fad79482a9c04
98f184b4bd2991deb58df7dfbb8ad755446282607d22d771db8b944ad79796a40fc3585ee62949606ecc458c15bc8a702910f808e8c66c69b9565b5d8a314d3c
94e018c8de1a8fa94fd05093f43672e23d06af89927ac06762a049136785c10607758d9053d965021d62d6f6804fc08f86e4bef210c352c144dbab999fb7b471
7509af678b985ab0b6b4ae6f7ed9ba6c4170b06c788a705430adf71bad2b5b057d03606a1ed7ebf5babd7a41cf00b0ef83a6569632cd467faddec9699640f671
9e76b7d6ac355c7c89feca9cccad4ea7d36c65b258a206641f1b73f8b5da6a6373d9c11b90c537e7f08dce66b7bbeae00dc8e257e7f0fd2badd5868b37a088d1
e4600ead1ddaef67d40bc898b3ed4af81ac0d76a197c86826828a24bb318f3442d8ab518dfe3a20f000d6458d104a9694ac6d88728eee2782428d60cf03ac1a5
193be4cbb921cd0b495fd054b5bd0f530c1931a3f7eaf9f7af9e3f45c70f9e1d3ff8e9f8e1c3e3073f5a42ceaa6d9c84e5552fbffdeccfc71fa33f9e7ef3f2d1
17d57859c6fffac327bffcfc793510d26726ce8b2f9ffcf6ecc98baf3efdfdbb4715f04d814765f890c644a29be408edf3181433567125272371be15c308d3f2
8acd249438c19a4b05fd9e8a1cf4cd296699771c393ac4b5e01d01e5a30a787d72cf1178108989a2159c77a2d801ee72ce3a5c545a6147f32a99793849c26ae6
6252c6ed637c58c5bb8b13c7bfbd490a75330f4b47f16e441c31f7184e140e494214d273fc80900aedee52ead87597fa824b3e56e82e451d4c2b4d32a423279a
668bb6690c7e9956e90cfe766cb37b077538abd27a8b1cba48c80acc2a841f12e698f13a9e281c57911ce298950d7e03aba84ac8c154f8655c4f2af074481847
bd804859b5e696007d4b4edfc150b12addbecba6b18b148a1e54d1bc81392f23b7f84137c2715a851dd0242a633f900710a218ed715505dfe56e86e877f0034e
16bafb0e258ebb4faf06b769e888340b103d3311da9750aa9d0a1cd3e4efca31a3508f6d0c5c5c398602f8e2ebc71591f5b616e24dd893aa3261fb44f95d843b
5974bb5c04f4edafb95b7892ec1108f3f98de75dc97d5772bdff7cc95d94cf672db4b3da0a6557f70db629362d72bcb0431e53c6066acac80d699a6409fb44d0
8741bdce9c0e4971624a2378cceaba830b05366b90e0ea23aaa241845368b0eb9e2612ca8c742851ca251ceccc70256d8d87265dd96361531f186c3d9058edf2
c00eafe8e1fc5c509031bb4d680e9f39a3154de0accc56ae644441edd76156d7429d995bdd88664a9dc3ad50197c38af1a0c16d684060441db02565e85f3b966
0d0713cc48a0ed6ef7dedc2dc60b17e92219e180643ed27acffba86e9c94c78ab90980d8a9f0913ee49d62b512b79626fb06dccee2a432bbc60276b9f7dec44b
7904cfbca4f3f6443ab2a49c9c2c41476dafd55c6e7ac8c769db1bc399161ee314bc2e75cf8759081743be1236ec4f4d6693e5336fb672c5dc24a8c33585b5fb
9cc24e1d4885545b58463634cc5416022cd19cacfccb4d30eb45296023fd35a458598360f8d7a4003bbaae25e331f155d9d9a5116d3bfb9a95523e51440ca2e0
088dd844ec6370bf0e55d027a012ae264c45d02f708fa6ad6da6dce29c255df9f6cae0ec38666984b372ab5334cf640b37795cc860de4ae2816e95b21be5ceaf
8a49f90b52a51cc6ff3355f47e0237052b81f6800fd7b802239daf6d8f0b1571a8426944fdbe80c6c1d40e8816b88b8569082ab84c36ff0539d4ff6dce591a26
ade1c0a7f669880485fd484582903d284b26fa4e2156cff62e4b9265844c4495c495a9157b440e091bea1ab8aaf7760f4510eaa69a6465c0e04ec69ffb9e65d0
28d44d4e39df9c1a52ecbd3607fee9cec7263328e5d661d3d0e4f62f44acd855ed7ab33cdf7bcb8ae889599bd5c8b3029895b6825696f6af29c239b75a5bb1e6
345e6ee6c28117e73586c1a2214ae1be07e93fb0ff51e133fb65426fa843be0fb515c187064d0cc206a2fa926d3c902e907670048d931db4c1a44959d366ad93
b65abe595f70a75bf03d616c2dd959fc7d4e6317cd99cbcec9c58b34766661c7d6766ca1a9c1b327531486c6f941c638c67cd22a7f75e2a37be0e82db8df9f30
254d30c1372581a1f51c983c80e4b71ccdd28dbf000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f74
68656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f24
51eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e3198
720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528
a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c0200001300000000000000000000000000
000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b000000000000000000000000
002b0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c00000000000000000000000000140200007468
656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b000016000000000000000000
00000000d10200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000000000
00000000000000009b0900007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000960a00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef1\lsdunhideuseddef1\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Revision;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;}}{\*\datastore 0105000002000000180000004d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffffec69d9888b8b3d4c859eaf6cd158be0f00000000000000000000000060ef
2e565ae9d101feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}