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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 [SUPREME COURT, 1975 (Mishra J.), 1st July]
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\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Public Service Commission}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
appeal by officer to respon}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 dent Board against the applicant}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463\charrsid10562135 s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  promotio}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 applica}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
t neither given notice of appeal }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 or the o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 pportunity
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  to be heard}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
appeal successful and promotion revoked}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 whether breach of natural justice}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 whether Board appointed in contravention of Constitution}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Public Service Act 1974 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 s}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 . 13(9), 14}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Public Service Commission (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 Statutory) Regulations 1974 r}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 13}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 Fiji Constitution s. 1}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 0(8).}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid12586968 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 Appeal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 Public Service Commission}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 appeal by officer to respondent Board against the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 applicant}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s promotion}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 pplicant neither given notice o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
f appeal nor opportunity to be heard}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 appeal successful and promotion revoked}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 whether breach of natural justice}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Public Service Act 1974 ss. 13(9), 14}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  - }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
Public Service Commission (Statutory) Regulations 1974 r. 13.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Under Public Service Act 1974 s. 14 an officer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  appointed by }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the Public Service Commission had a right of appeal against the promotion of any other }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 officer}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  to a post in the Public Service to which he or she had applied.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 In the present case, the applicant had been appointed on promotion to the office of Senior Welfare Officer, but another officer Pyara Singh had lodged }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2439377 an appeal. It was not until the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 applicant received a notice that Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 
'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 ppeal had been successful that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 he became aware that an appeal had been lodged and heard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
The applicant applied to the Court for a writ of certiorari to quash the decision of the respondent Board on the ground that it had acted in breach of natural justice in arriving at its decision without allowing the applicant a
 hearing. The applicant also contended that the appointment of the respondent Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  was in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 contravention of the Constitution.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 Held:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 The Board had reached its decision in breach of natural justice as it ought to have given the applicant a hearing despite the absence of a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 sp}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 if}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 ic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  right in the statutory provisions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 e Court found it unnecessary to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 deal with the second ground of the appeal, but it did find little substance in the arguments put forward in support.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Cases referred to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid10562135 Colquhoun v. Brooks}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463 (1887) 19 Q.B}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 .D.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  400; (1889) 14 App. Cas. 493.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Wiseman v Borneman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  [1971] A.C. 297; [1969] 3 All E.R. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 
275.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid14052610 F}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid14052610 urnell v. Whangarei High Schools Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
 [1973] 2 W.L.R. 92; [1973] A.C. 660.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Application for an order of certiorari to quash the decision of the Public Service Appeal Board revoking the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s promotion.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid14052610 S.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14052610  M. Koya}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610  for the applicant.
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14052610 R. Nair}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610  for the respondent.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid12586968 MISHRA J.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid948463\charrsid12586968 : [}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid12586968 1st July}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid12586968 -}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid12586968 1975]-}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid12586968 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par This is an application for an order of certiorari to remove into this Court and quash a decision made by the Public Service Appeal Board (hereinafter referred to as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ) on 4th February 1975 the effect of which was to revoke the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s provisional appointment to the office of Senior Welfare Officer in the Public Service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 The applicant was appointed on promotion to the said office on 18th December 1974 by the Public Service Commission (hereinafter referred to as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the Commission}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ) and had been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 informed that his promotion was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 subject to confirmation to allow for the determination of appeals if any, in acco}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 rdance}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  with the provisions of the Public Service Act, 1974}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
. On 6th February 1975 the applicant received a distribution copy of a letter addressed to one Pyara Singh from the Board informing Pyara Singh t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 hat the Board had allowed his }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 appeal against }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9527746 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
e promotion of Mr Sukh Ram to the post of Senior Welfare Officer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 . Sukh Ram is the applicant in this case. That was t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 he first intimation he received}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  of an appeal having been lodged and dealt with.
\par 
\par The applicant applies to have this decision quashed on two main grounds. Firstly, that the Board acted in breach of the rules of natural justice in arriving at their decision without according the appli}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 cant any form of hearing whatso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
ever and secondly, that the appointment of the members of the Board was in contravention of section 10(8) of the Constitu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 tion of Fiji and was, therefore}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5270116  i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 nvalid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 The application n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 ames two respondents, the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 and the Commissi
on. Counsel for the applicant concedes that there is no decision made by the Commission, the second respondent, before this Court to which the applicant can take any exception or which this Court can quash. The main purpose in joining the Commission as a 
respondent would appear to have been to prevent it from implementing the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
s decision. There is, however, no application for an order of prohibition and no order of certiorari can properly issue directed to the second respondent. The application has, therefore, been heard on the basis that there is only one }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 , the Board.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 The relevant provisions of section 14 of the Public Service Act, 1974, which deal with the rights of appeal by aggrieved officers, are}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 14}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 . (1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ) Subject to the provisions of the
 next succeeding subsection, every officer, other than an officer on probation, appointed by the Commission shall have a right of appeal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 to the Appeal Board in accor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 dance with this section against-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14052610 (a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 ) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the promotion of any officer, or the appointment of any person who is not an officer, to any position in the Public Service for which the appellant had applied, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 if (in either case) the appoint}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ment of,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the appellant to that position would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 have involved his own promotion}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 Provided that-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (i) an appeal under 
this section must be confined to the merits of the appellant for promotion to the position, and must not extend to those of any other person for promotion or appointment to the position}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 ;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (3) Notice of appeal under subsection (1) of this section,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 setting out the grounds of the appe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 al, shall}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  be forwarded to the Secretary of the Appeal Board in writing by registered post within twenty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 one days after }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5270116 the date on which the decision }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
has either been published or been notified to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the
 officer concerned, as the case may be, or within such extended time as the Appeal Board may in any case allow after good and sufficient reason has been shown in writing by the appellant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 (5) The Appeal Board may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 all
ow or disallow any appeal and the Commission shall implement the decision of the Appeal Board.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14902811 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14902811 (6) In any appeal the onus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 of proof shall rest with the appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14902811 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14902811\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14902811 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (7) The proceedings of the Appeal Board }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14902811 
shall not be open to the public:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14902811 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14902811\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Provided that any person authorised by the Board may attend any}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  hearing or part of a hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (8) At the hearing of any appeal the appellant shall be entitled to be present and may be }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 represented}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  or assisted by a barrister and solicitor or any officer.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12586968 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85...
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (
10) In matters not expressly provided for in this Act or in any regulations made under this Act, the procedure of the Appeal Board shall be such as the Appeal Board may determine.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 (11) Proceedings before the Appeal Board shall not be held bad far want of 
form. No appeal shall lie from any decision of the Appeal Board, and, except on the ground of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 lack of jurisdiction other than for want of form, no proceedings or decision of the Appeal Board shall be liable to be challenged, reviewed, quashed, or called in question in any Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2439377 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Counsel for th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 e respondent concedes that the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Board was performing a judicial function in determining this appeal and that, despite section 14 (11) of th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10957880 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  Act, this Court has the supervisory jurisdiction to hear this application. He, however, submits that the w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10957880 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 rding of the subsection ought to make this Court reluctant to interfere with the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s decision except where exceptional circumst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 ances warrant such interference.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 It is common ground 
that no notice of the hearing of the appeal was sent to the applicant, nor was he invited to make any representation in any form. Part III of the Public Service Commission (Statutory) Regulations, 1974, which deals with such appeals does not require a not
ice of hearing to be sent to the successful appointee. A copy of the appeal and a notice of hearing are, however, to be sent to the Commission. Rule 13 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10957880 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 hose Rules requires the decision of the Board, after the determination of the appeal, to be sent in writing to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 both parties to the appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
. It is not clear from the Rules who the parties to the appeal are, but from the requirements rel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 ating to notices it would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 appear that the Commission: might be the respondent in the appeal. In this case, however, copies of the letter of 4th February 1975}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  containing the decision}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  of the Board were: forwarded }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
to the Commission as well as to the applicant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Section 13(9) of the Act also refers to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the conse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 nt of the parties to the appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  which is requ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 ired in certain circumstances}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  for the appointment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 of an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
assessor. Again it is not clear from the wording who these parties might be. Section 14(8) of the Act specifically confers upon the aggrieved officer the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 right to be present and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10957880 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 be heard at the hearing of the appeal. No such right is specifically conferred either on the officer provisionally appointed by the Commission or on the Commission itself. Section 14 (7) of the Act,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10957880 
 however, empowers the Board to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  permit any person to attend the hearing.
\par 
\par The affidavit filed on behalf of the respondent indicates that all the relevant files relating to the two officers concern were available to the Board at the hearing and that the head of the department whose recommendation the Commission h
ad accepted was invited to make submissions in support of the applicant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Counsel for the applicant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3224152 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
not suggest that the applicant was entitled to know what was in the confidential files or to make oral submissions to refute anything said in support of Pyara }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 Singh}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 , or against himself. His submission}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
is that the applicant was entitled to make some representations on his behalf which would make the hearing of the appeal fair to both the contenders. Counsel for the respondent, on the other hand, submits that the wording of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 section 14(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 )(a)(i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 indicates that the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 legislature}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
intended to avoid any kind of confrontation between the contenders and that the hearing is intended to be ex parte. In support of this contention he points out that while the legislature h
as given the appellant the specific right to be heard it is completely silent as to that right in relation to the successful provisional appointee. This,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 according to him, indicates that the maxim }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10059082 expressio unius est exclusio alterius}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  ought to apply and that the Board was correct in deciding that the successful appointee (the applicant in this case) had no rig}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 
ht to be heard. One must not, ho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 wever, forget that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
exclusio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  is often the result of inadvertence and an extremely watchful eye is needed to see t
hat an unquestioning application of the maxi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 m does not lead to injustice. (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10059082 Colquhoun v}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10059082  Brooks}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  (1887) 19 Q.B.D. 400 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 at 406).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 My attention has been drawn to an amendment made by the legislature soon after the hearing of this appeal which adds the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  following paragraph to subsection (8) of section 14 of the Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid12586968 (b)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  On the hearing of the appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 the officer against whose promotion or appointment the appeal has been lodged shall be entitled to be heard by the Board in such a manner as the Board thinks fit as if}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 he were a respondent in the appeal and such officer may also be represented or assisted by a barrister and solicitor or by another officer.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par Whether this amendment represents a rectificati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 on of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  an inadvertent omission}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 or a new legislative reform is a matter on which I must not speculate and the present application has to be decided on the basis that the applicant, at the time of the hearing, did not have the statutory right now sp
ecially conferred by the legislature on officers in a similar situation. The issue before me therefore is whether or not the Board ought to have given the applicant a hearing despite the absence of such a specific right in the statutory provisions.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 Ex par}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 te applications are frequently made to the courts and granted without hearing the party affected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3224152 : but merely}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  to say this overlooks that procedure invariably exists, and is where necessary invoked, for enabling}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 the party affected rapidly to seek annulment or amendment o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 f the order made against him.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10059082 Wiseman }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3224152 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10059082  Borneman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  [1971] A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3224152 .C. 297 at 318)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 If this application was to be dealt, with ex parte, what remedy would the applicant have after the hearing? It is submitted by counsel that when the Board}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s decision came to be implemented by the Commission Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s appointment, like the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
s would initially be provisi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 onal in terms of regulation 15(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
) of the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations, 1974 and that the applicant might have been able to appeal to the Board against that appointment and, in that manner, obtain a hearing. This submission}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 would appear; to be misconceived. The applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s appointment had resulted from a decision of the Commission which gave all the unsuccessful candidates a right of appea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 
l to the Board under section 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
(1) of the Act. The officers dissatisfied with the rejection of their applications could lodge their appeals within 21 days after the date of the Commission}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s decision (section 14(3) of the Act) and until }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
all appeals lodged in respect thereof have been duly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 determined}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
s appointment would remain provisional (Regulation 15(1) of Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations, 1974). When the Board had made a decision afte
r considering all the appeals, that decision would be implemented by the Commission and, according to section 14(11) of the Act, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 no appeal shall lie from any decision of the Appeal Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
. This would amount to a final adjudication and any hearing that the applicant might, therefore, have been entitled to would be available only at the hearing of Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Counsel for the respondent submits that a hearing, or representations, is not essential to satisfy the rule of natural justice. What is nece
ssary is to show that what was done was fair to the aggrieved party in all the circumstances of the case. He cites }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10059082 Furnell v. Whangarei High Schools Board}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  [1973] 2 W.L.R. 92 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 at 105, where the Privy Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  stated
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 Natural}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  justice is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1916193  but fairness writ large and jur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1916193\charrsid10562135 i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1916193 di}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1916193\charrsid10562135 cally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 . It has been described as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 fair play in action}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13374119 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10059082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 With that statement, there can be no quarrel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Counsel, however, goes further and contends that no unfairness resulted to the applicant in the present case as all t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082 
he relevant files and the recom}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
mendations in his favour had been fully considered by the Board though he himself, like Furnell in the case cited above, was not invited to make any representations. It is right that every }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3483972 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 ase must be considered on its}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  own peculiar facts. In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid12586968 
Furnell}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid12586968 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 case there was an extremely comprehensive written code calculated to ensure impartial investigation and that code had been strictly followed. Even then, the suspension ordered against Furnell was only }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 pending}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  further}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082  determination of these charges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 at which he would have been entitled to make his representations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10059082\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 This}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972  aspect was emphasized in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 Wise}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 an v Borneman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
 [(supra), at p. 309] where Lord Morris of Borth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid3483972 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 Y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid3483972 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 Ge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 t said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13250986 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
We do not search for prescriptions which will lay down exactly what must, in va}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 rious divergent situations, be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
done.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13250986\charrsid3483972 p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 rinciples and procedures are to be applied which in any particular situation or set of circumstances, are right and just and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3483972 
fair.................}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 Nor do we wait for direction from Parliament. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14293611\charrsid3483972 common law has abundant riches.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid3483972 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14293611\charrsid3483972 Wiseman v Borneman }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14293611\charrsid3483972 
was a case where the matter was submitted at an early stage of assessment by the Inland Revenue Commissioners to a tribunal established under the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578\charrsid3483972 Finance Act 1960 to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15693348  determine whether there was a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578\charrsid3483972 prima facie}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578\charrsid3483972  case for proceeding further in the matter. The taxpayer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578\charrsid3483972 s request to be represented by counsel at the hearing had been refused and he was not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578  given a copy of the Revenue Commissioner}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 s counter-statement. The House of L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15693348 ords upheld the Court of Appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 s j}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15693348 udgment dismissing the taxpayer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 s appea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15693348 l on the ground that there was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 nothing so unfair about the principles of natural justic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15693348 e were not followed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 . Lord Guest in his judgment (p. 310) stated the law as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11731578 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 
It is reasonably clear on the authorities that where a statutory tribunal has been set up to decide final questions affecting parties}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 
 rights and duties, if the statute }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 is silent upon the question}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 , the courts will imply into the stat
utory provision a rule that the principles of natural justice should be applied. This implication will be made upon the basis that Parliament is not to b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13374119 e presumed to take away parties}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  rights without giving them an opportunity of being heard in their interest. In other words, Parliament is not to be presumed to act unfairly\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11731578 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 Where, however}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
the matter which the tribunal has to decide is a preliminary point which does not finally decide the rights of parties, then the question arises whether, and, if so, to what extent, the principles of natural justice shou}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 ld be followed by the tribunal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par In the present case there, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 was no comprehensive code like that in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid2827259 Fu}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid2827259 rne}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid2827259 ll}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
, the procedure to be followed by the Board being left largely to the Board itsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 f and once the Board had made a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 determination of Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s appeal its judgment would finally close t
he door upon the applicant. It is, therefore, for this Court to decide whether in the absence of any hearing or representation given to the applicant under these circumstances, the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s conduct of the appeal was fair.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 When a vacancy occurs in the, Public Service the office is advertised and applications invited from persons intending to seek appointment to it. The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 se applications, most of which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 may come from serving officers, are considered by the Commission and a provisional appointment made. It is conceded by counsel that the appointment at this stage represents an administrative act and the Commission is not obliged to give a hearing t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 o the applicants. No complaint,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  as a general rule, may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 therefore, be made against }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
he Commission. The Act, however, gives unsuccessful candidates a right of appeal to the Board where each of them is entitled to be heard and to be represented by counsel. At the time Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s appeal was heard the only person w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 ho had no statutory right to be}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  heard by the Board was the successful candidate. If the app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 eals were disallowed no one had any ground for c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 omplaint. What, however, if any appeal was allowed? Would the hitherto successful candidate not have a rea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
sonable cause for grievance if }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 he were suddenly to receive an abrupt le
tter advising him that someone had successfully appealed against him and that his provisional appointment had been revoked?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Counsel for the respondent submits that a promotion in the Public Service is only a privilege, not a right, and that a duty to act 
judicially arises only where a decision is likely to affect an individual}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s rights. But for the Act of 1974, that wo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 uld certainly appear to be the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 case. The legislature has, however, now given public officers applying for a public office a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 right}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  of appea
l. Such a right includes the right to be heard. Can the legislature be taken to have intended that unsuccessful applicants should have that right but that it should be denied to the successful applicant when his provisional appointment comes up for revo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 cation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
? By enacting the subsequent amendment referred to, earlier in this judgment the legislature itself would appear to have given the answer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Appointment to the Public Service may be a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
privilege but once applications have been invited and received, certain rights are acquired under the Act of 1974 and a person who is provisionally appointed to an office must certainly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 be deemed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
have acquired as strong (if not stronger) a right under the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
Act as those who have failed to be so appointed. To revoke such an appointment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
is certainly of as great (if not greater) a consequence as to reject or allow the appeal of an unsuccessful candidate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 .
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Even where a statute does not confer any specific right upon an individual and the matter concerned may be regarded as being more akin to a privilege (such as the grant of a licence }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 n some cases), the revocation of such a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 privilege, if, already granted, must generally be regarded as of greater seriousness than the initial rejection of an application for the grant of that privilege.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Non}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 renewal of an existing licence is generally a more serious matter than a refusal to grant a licence in the first }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 place}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707217  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 
................}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707217  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 To equate a decision summarily to revoke a licence with a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 decision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  not to grant a licence in the first instance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
 may be still more unrealistic.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid2827259 
Judicial Review o f Administrative Action}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968  by S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707217 A. de Smith, Third}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
 Edition, page 197).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10562135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 There is nothing in the Act of 1974 specifically denying the s
uccessful candidate the right to be heard and the legislature must be deemed to require the Board, which is a creature of the statute, to act fa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 irly to all the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  parties concerned. The principle of fair play requires that, where there are several contenders, if a hearing is given by a judicial or quasi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
judicial tribunal to one contender, such a hearing should generally be accorded to all of them. This would be particularly so where, after hearing one contender, the tribunal is minded to deprive another conten
der of something already granted to him even though such a grant might be subject to confirmation.
\par 
\par Finally, counsel for the respondent submits that no real injustice or unfairness can have resulted to the applicant as all the material required for conside
ration was already before the Board and the applicant could have had little to add to it. That may be so. But that would be true of Pyara Singh too. All the relevant files relating to both the officers were with the Board. Persons called to make subm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 issions were in a position to te}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
ll the Board equally about each of the two officers. Neither, if allowed to appear before the Board, was entitled to know what was in the files or what confidential recommendations had been made about him. Neither could go outside the scope of section 14
(1)(a)(i) of the Act and speak of the merits and demerits of the other.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6816750 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 Pyara Singh, however, was heard. The applicant was not.
\par 
\par Once the Board had formed the view that Pyara Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s submissions had merit, the least they could 
have done was to adjourn the hearing to enable the applic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 ant to make his representations }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
before revoking his appointment, provisional though it was. In the absence of such equal treatment a justifiable sense of grievance must remain. What effect the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s representations, if permitted, might have had on the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s mind must remain a matter for conjecture.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 I have, therefore, come to the conclusion that the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 s decision, embodied in its letter dated 4th February 1975, was arrived at in breach of t
he rules of natural justice. The application against the first respondent is consequently allowed and an order of certiorari will be made to quash that decision. The applicant remains provisionally appointed to the office of Senior Welfare Officer subject
 to a proper determination of all appeals lodged in respect thereof.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 The application against the second respondent is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 In view of the decision already reached by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9662735  me it is not necessary to deal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
, in detail, with the second ground of the application. This ground, however, challenges the validity of the composition of the Board itself as being in contravention of the provisions of the Constitution and it is, therefore,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 appropriate for me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9662735  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 to state that I have found little substance in the arguments put forward in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid10562135 support}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135  of that ground. This statement must not be taken as rejecting the generally acceptable submission that he Commission is a highly responsible body with its impartiality and integrit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 y anchored in the provisions of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9662735  the Constitution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid10562135 
and that the composition of the Board ought to ensure extreme care in scrutinising any decision made by the Commission.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid2827259 Application allowed}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid2827259 ;}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10562135\charrsid2827259  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid2827259 order of certiorari granted.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 Mishra, J.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 _______________
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2827259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid9059073 Endnotes
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2827259\charrsid12586968 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14052610 {\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14898946 
Prior to the delivery of Judgment an amendment was made to Public Service Act s.14. Subsection 8 of that sec}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9662735 tion now reads}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid14898946  }{
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14898946 On the hearing of the appeal the officer }{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14898946\charrsid14898946 aga}{
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14898946 inst whose promotion or appointment the appeal has been lodged shall be entitled to be heard by the Board in suc}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9662735 
h a manner as the Board thinks f}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14898946 it as if he were a respondent in the appeal and such officer may also be represented or assisted by a barrister and solicitor or by another }{
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9059073 officer.}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12586968 "}{\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14052610\charrsid14898946 
\par }}