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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7501968 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7501968 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7501968 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7501968 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\sbknone\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4654956\sftnbj\sftnnchi\saftnnchi {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1967] 13 FLR 162
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4654956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Civil Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4654956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
OFFICIAL RECEIVER (TRUSTEE OF BUKHAN)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
BHANABHAI & COMPANY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11822816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [COURT OF AP}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12399949 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 PEAL, 1967 (Gould V.P.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Marsack J.A., Bodilly J.A.), 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12399949 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th, 18th July]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4654956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Bankruptcy-fraudulent preference-Bill of Sale\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent-evidence of debtor-adverse }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inference arising from circumstances duly considered by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  judge-question of fact-matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 trial-\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankruptcy Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs37\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid14755341 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s35\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs37\super\insrsid14755341 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14755341 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14755341 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankruptcy Ordinance s.3 (1): A debtor commits an act of bankruptcy in each of the following cases - \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 
\'85\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (b) if in the Colon\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y or elsewhere he makes a fraudulent conveyance, gift, delivery, or transfer of his property or of any part thereof.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (Cap. 37\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) ss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .3 (1) (b), 3 (1) (c), 46 (1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankruptcy-Bill of Sale securing past debt, prese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t and future advances-whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 within s.3 (1) (b) of Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 37)-inten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t "of both grantor and grantee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 relevant-point of law not raised in Supreme Court-s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 usceptible to further evidence-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 point not open on appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal-question of fact-par\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tly inference and partly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4654956\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 credibility-nothing overlooked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11822816\charrsid4654956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in court below-n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4654956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ot matter for Court of Appeal-new point of law raised for first time on appeal-raising further question of fact-not open on appeal. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103\charrsid5382627 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid5382627 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the Supreme Court the appellant sought unsucces\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sfully to have set aside as a fraudulent preference under section 46 and an act of bankruptcy under section 3 (1) (c) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance, a Bill of Sale given by the debtor to the respondent over the whole of his assets. The Bill of Sale secured 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 n existing debt of \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 695-6-2, a contemporaneous advance of \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 312-8-2 and future advances which were in fact made to the extent of \'a3\loch\f0 
165. The debtor's position had, to his knowledge, been growing steadily worse for some years and there were other circumstance\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 from which inferences adverse to him could be drawn. The Chief Justice accepted the debtor's evidence that the Bill of Sale was given with the intention of salvaging and carrying on his business. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968\charrsid5382627 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12802574 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On appeal to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5382627\charrsid12802574 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Court of Appeal the appellant s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12802574 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ought for\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the first time in the proceedings to rely upon section 3 (1) (b) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103\charrsid12802574 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1. The question of the intent of the debtor was one of fact and as the Chief Justice had heard the evide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4933285\charrsid4933285 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the debtor and overlooked none of the infe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rences adverse to him, it was not for the Court of Appeal to say that he should have come to a different conclusion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103\charrsid4933285 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4933285\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. As to section 3 (1) (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 
\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103\charrsid4933285 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7501968 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(a) The proposition of law that an assignment of the whole of a debtors' proper\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ty to a creditor in respect of a past}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5382627\charrsid4933285 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  debt is fraudulent against cre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ditors generally does not apply as an inflexible rule to assignments made pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4933285\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rtly to secure a further advance}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid4933285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7110103\charrsid4933285 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) Where there is a present consideration the fraudulent intention of both \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
debtor and gra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12923524\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntee must be proved as matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of fact. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid12923524 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(c) It was not open to the court to hold as a matter of inference that the respondent's part in the transaction was a mere sham, and had section 3 (1) (b) been relied on in the Supreme Court the respo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ndent might have chosen to call evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid12923524 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(d) A new matter of law will only be entertained on appeal if the facts upon which it is based are beyond controversy and could not have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12923524\charrsid12923524 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 been made the subject of additi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid12923524 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onal evidence in the court below. The appeal
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  could therefore not be allowed on the basis of the new ground put forward. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid13786548 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In re }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Mohanlal; ex parte Official Receiver v. Hemraj Daya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 959] 7 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13763882\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  10: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13763882\charrsid10646134 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mehta v. Offici}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al Receiver }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1962] 8 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  184: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3084404\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pennell v. Reynold's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3084404\charrsid3084404 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1861) 11 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B (N.S.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) 709; 142 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  974}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
: Ex parte Johnson (1884) 26 Ch D 338; 50 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  214. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court refusing an application to set aside a Bill of Sale. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. I. Kapadia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J. N. Falvey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts sufficie\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntly appear from the judgment of GOULD V.P. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3084404 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The following judgments were read: GOULD V.P.: [18th July, 1967]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3084404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid13912994 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is an appeal from the judgment of the Chief Justice refusing an applicati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13912994\charrsid13912994 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on by the appellant, as trustee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of the property of Bukhan s/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid13912994 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o Kan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ji, asking that a Bill of Sale in favour of the respondent firm be set aside as a fraudulent preference under s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
46 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid13912994 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(Cap. 37) and an act of bankruptcy under s.3 (1) (c) of that Ordinance. It is well to note at the outset that s.3\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1) (b) of the Ordinance was not mentioned in the motion, nor argued by counsel in the Supreme Court, nor mentioned in the judgment under appeal. The learned Chief Justice said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid13912994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid1145540 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It was accepted that on a question of fraudulent preference, arising under\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 section 46 (1), certain conditions must be established, of which one is that the debtor acted with a view to giving such creditor a preference over the other cheditors. (See In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Mohan Lal ex parte the Offcial Receiver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1959] 7 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid1145540 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  10). Counsel agreed th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at this was the only condition in dispute. No argument was raised upon any .other provision of the Ordinance and I am therefore left with the issue whether the Bill of Sale was executed by the debtor with a view to giving the respondent firm a preference 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ver his other creditors. The onus lies upon the trustee to prove that there was a real intention on the part of the debtor to prefer the respondent firm and that such was his dominant intention (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mehta v. Offcial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1145540\charrsid10646134 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Receiver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1962] 8 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1145540\charrsid1145540 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  184." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid1145540 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In the Sup\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reme Court the debtor gave evidence at length and was cross-examined; the learned Chief Justice correctly directed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1145540\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  himself that his evidence as to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  his intentions did not necessarily have to be accepted but that regard must be had to the state of his affair\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s at the time of execution of the Bill of Sale, his co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nduct generally and to the surr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3881668\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ounding circum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stances. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3881668 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The Bill of Sale in question dated the 12th September 1962, was given in favour of a major creditor for \'a3
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 1,007.14.4d. representing \'a3\loch\f0 695.6.2d. alre\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ady owing for goods sold and delivered and an advance at the time of execution of the Bill of Sale of \'a3\loch\f0 
312.8.2d. The Bill of Sale covered also any further advances which might be made in goods or cash. The learned Chief Justice accepted the debtor's evide\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ce that the respondent firm agreed to continue to supply him with goods on credit up to the value of \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 500 and it was common ground that further goods to the value of \'a3\loch\f0 165 were in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3881668\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fact supplied up to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he 4th October 1962. The Bill of Sale covered the whole \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the debtors' assets and his future stock in trade. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid3881668 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is evident that there were ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3881668\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ny circumstances in the case fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om which inferences adverse to the debtor could be drawn. His financial position had been growing steadily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3881668\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 worse throughout 1960, 1961 an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid3881668 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 1962 and this he undoubtedly knew. As counsel for the appellant put it before this court, the debtor was during this period li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid3881668 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ving on his creditors' money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Tw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o of his cheques were dishonoured in the first half of 1962. One of the creditors issued a summo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ns in June 1962 and obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16589483\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  judgment against the debtor for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16589483\charrsid16589483 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'a3\loch\f0 70.10}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .3d. -the month following the execution of the Bill of Sale this c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reditor commenced bankruptcy pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid16589483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oceedings, which were not proceeded with. The amount actually advanced in cash on the securi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ty of the Bill of Sale was used to pay another creditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16589483\charrsid16589483 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , Hari Kissun & Co. and members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid16589483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of both that firm and the respondent firm were related, though, as the learned Chief Justice observed, "not nearly or closely", to the debtor. The respondent firm exerci\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sed its power of sale on the 23rd December 1962. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid16589483 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The inferences from these facts, as I have said above, tell against the debtor, but the learned Chief Justice overlooked none o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f them, and never}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 theless, having heard the debtor give evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dence and undergo cr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oss-examina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion, accepted his evidence as to his intentions as susbstantially true and held as a fact that the Bill of Sale was entered into by him with the intention of salvaging and carrying on his business. It is well settled that what the learned Chief
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Justice had to decide was a pure question of fact. It is therefore in my view impossible for this court, which has not heard the evidence, to say that by reason of the surrounding circumstances the learned Chief Justice should h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ave come to a different con\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 clu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion. If the question were one of evaluating inferences only, this court coul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d be said to be in as good a pos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ition as the court below, but that does not apply to the assessment of the worth of evidence given directly, and, as the learned Chief Justice d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
irected himself fully and correctly and overlooked nothing, there is no reason to di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sturb his finding on the case as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  presented to him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid6388399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The matter does not end there. I have indicated that s.3 (1) (b) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance was not put forward or rel
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ied upon in the Supreme Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for the appellant has s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ought to rely upon it in this court, and counsel for the respondent firm made no objection to his doing so. Tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t attitude may have arisen fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m observations made in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16589483\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the judgments in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16589483\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mehta v. Offc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l Receiver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1962] 8 FLR}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 184, a case decided under s.46 (1), where Hammett J. observed that he thought it was the duty of the trial judge to bear in mind such sections as s.3 (1) (b). I would point out that Mehta's case was concerned with a Bill of Sale w
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hich no money was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  actually advanced at the date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of its execution and there was no agreement between the parties for further advances to be made: thus it was a case which fell much more clearly, and perhaps as a matter of law, within s.3 (1) (b). The presen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t case is different, and if further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 findings of fact are r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 equired for the due considerati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on of that section, their absence must be fatal to the appellant's submission having regard to the absence of any similar submission in the Supreme Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid6388399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he initial proposition of law is that an assignment of the whole of a debtor's property to a creditor in respect of a past debt, without more, in fraudulent as against creditors generally; such creditors must thereby necessarily be delayed or defeated and
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that is therefore pres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 umed to have been the intention }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the debtor. I take th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is general and undisputed state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Williams on B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ankruptcy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (17th Edn.) p.7 and p }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 15. But this does not apply as an inflexible rule to assignments partly in consideration of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an existing debt and partly as security for a further advance. That is the present case, in which there was not only a sum equal approximately to one third of the whole actually advanced in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cash on the execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cument, but an agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (as the le\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arned Chief Justice fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 und) t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 o advance up to \'a3
\loch\f0 500 mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re in goo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ds o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n credit, implemented t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
he extent of \'a3\loch\f0 165 within a perio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of three weeks. These are fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs which may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  have deterred the appellant fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 m relying an s.3 (1) (b) in \'b7\loch\f0 the Supre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me Court, where he 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeared by o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ther counsel. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid6388399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388399\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appellant advanced arguments to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the effect that the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dvance }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 of \'a3\loch\f0 312 was paid away to another credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r and that if it h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ad been spent o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n goo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ds t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hey would h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ave became subject to the Bill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of Sale; thus the position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the other credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs generally was prejudiced. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Such a consideration cannot, however, co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nclud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e the matter as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bona fides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the respondent, as the lender, in the present circumstances, are also releva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid7501968 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid7501968 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (op. cit.) when considering the questio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n of fraudulent intent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(p. 14) expresses the view that "it seems }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that where there is a present consideration who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lly, or in part, then the fraudulent intentio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n .of bath debtor and grantee must be pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ved as matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of fact". A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng the authorities relied upo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pennell v. Reynolds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1861] 11 CB (N.S.) 709, 142 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  974 and I take the following passage from the judgment of the court read by Willes J, at p. 979 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid552657 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"But, before we hold that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a deed conveying property in co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nsideration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of a present advance which bears\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a substantial pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oportion to the value of the pro}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 perty is invalid, we must be satisfied that there exists an inte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntion to defeat and delay and co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nsequ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ently to defraud the credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs. And th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at object must be the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 object not only of the bankrupt, but also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 who is dealing with him. A person dealing bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 na fide with the bankr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 upt would be safe. Unless he kno}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ws, or from the very nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the tran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sactio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must be taken necessarily to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 have known, that the object was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to defeat and delay the credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rs, the de\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ed cannot be impeached".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Then
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , regarding the matter again from the lender's viewpo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid552657\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 int, a portion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid552657 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 headnote in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid10646134 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ex parte Johnson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1884) 26 Ch. D.338 is relevant-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid9184425 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "When a bill .of sal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e of the whale of a trader's pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 perty is executed as security for an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 existing debt and a fresh advance, the true test whether the execution .of the deed is an act .of bankruptcy, is, Was the fresh advance made by the lender with the intentio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n of enabling the barrower to co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntinue his bus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iness, and had he reasonable gro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 unds \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or believing that the advance would enable the borrower to do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 so? If these questions can be answered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the affirmative, the execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 deed is no}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t an act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of bankruptcy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid9184425 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10646134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Court ought not to look at the uncommunicated intention of the borrower, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nor at the actual result of the loan". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399949 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Now whatever the position of the debtor in the present case (having regard to. the learned Chief Justice's findi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ngs of fact in relation to him) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it appears to me that it is not open to this court, from inference alon\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e, to hold that the respondent's part in the transaction was a mere sham and was not intended to enable the debtor to carry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on, or could not have been so intended in all the circumstances. He did advance a substantial sum when the Bill of Sale was signed a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd he did supply further goods. This brings me back to the fact that s.3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1) (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the Bankruptcy Ordin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance was not relied upon in the Supreme }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Court. If it had been, the res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pondent might have chosen to call evidence; if he had not so elected that might ha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ve been a relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 factor when inferences were bei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng drawn. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10646134\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
When it is sought to raise a new matter of law on appeal it is well settled that it will only be entertained if the facts upon which it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 based have been established bey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ond controversy and coul\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d not have been made the subject of additional evidence, if agitated in the court below. I do not find that to be the case here and would there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13786548\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fore reject the appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ant's claim to have the appeal allowed on this ground. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t has included in his \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeal an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
objection to the order made by the learned Chief Justice that he should pay the respondent's costs. That was merely an order that costs should follow the event and I see no reason for interfering with the discretion of the learned Chief Justice i
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the reasons given above and a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9184425\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s all members of the court are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the same opinion the appeal is dismissed with costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MARSACK J.A.: I concur. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid9184425 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 BODILLY J.A.: I have had the benefit of reading the judgment of the judgment of the learned 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Vice-President in this case with which I find myself respectfully in agreement and have nothing to add. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid9184425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid14755341 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid14755341 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12399949\charrsid14755341 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8597015\charrsid12399949 
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