{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang3081\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
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{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}
{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil Jurisdiction}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 RAM AUTAR AND ANOTHER}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4937031 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 PENAIA ROKOVUNI}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
[COURT OF APPEAL, 1965 (Marsack V.P., Gould J.A., Hammett J.A.), 21st October, 25th November]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moneylending-written contract and receipt-whether mem\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
orandum for purposes of Moneylenders Ordinance-Moneylenders Ordinance (Cap. 207) s. 16(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) -Moneylenders Act 1927 (17 & 18 Ge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o. 5, c.21) (Imperial) ss.6, 12.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Contract-guarantee-indemnity-discharge of unenforceable debt by guarantors -whether en\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
titled to indemnity-Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance (Cap. 199) s.23. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937031\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15103500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The appellants and the responde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt entered into a written agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment with a moneylender whereby the appella}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nts guaranteed repay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment of a loan by the moneylender to the responde\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt. On the same date the respondent signed a receipt for the amount advanced by the moneylender and was handed a copy of the agreement. There was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
o other memorandum of the loan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
During the currency of litigation in which the moneylender sought to recover\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the debt and in which, to the knowledge of the appellants, the respondent denied liability, the appellants paid off the debt to the moneylender and brought the present proceedings against the respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : 1. The respondent not hav}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing been given a c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 opy of a memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum as required by section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  16 of the Moneylenders Ordinanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e before the security was taken the agreement was not enforceable by the moneylender against the respondent or the appellants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. That the payment by the appellants to the moneylen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
der was in the circumstances made "wrongfully" within the meaning of section 23 of the Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance and was not recoverable by the appellants from the respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Kasumu v. Baba-Egbe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1956] AC 539; [1956] 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3 All ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 266: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Edgeware Trust Ltd. v. Lawrence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15103500\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1901] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  141: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Damodar Jamnadas v. Noor Mohammed Valji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1961] E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid141861\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 615: }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Eldridge and Morris v. Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1931] 2 KB 416; 145 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid141861\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 9: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7801934\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Temper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance Loan Fund, Ltd v. Rose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1932] 2 KB }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 522; [1932] Al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15103500 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  690: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Centr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
al Advance and Discount Corporation Ltd. v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1939] 2 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
.781; 62 LT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 237: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
George Shaw Ltd. v. Duffy [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1943] SC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  350; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alexander v. Vane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1836] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1 M & W 512; 150 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 537: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sleigh v. Sleigh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  EngR 622;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
5 Exch.514: 155 ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 224: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Chetwynd's Estate, Dunn Trus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t Ltd. v. Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1938] Ch.13; [1937] 3 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 530. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 F. M. K. Sherani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 for the appellants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 K. A. Stuart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts appear sufficiently from the judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gould J.A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The following judg\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ments were read: [25th November, 1965]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2846286 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
GOULD J.A.: Only two of the many issues which were before the Supreme Court in these proceedings have survived to the present appeal. The facts essential to the consideration of those two issues can be shortly summa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rized. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
On the 5th June, 1954, the respondent agreed in writing to sell his farm to the appellants. The farm was duly transferred and the appellants executed a second mortgage in favour of the respondent for \'a3\loch\f0 
3,000, part of the purchase money, payable on \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
demand and providing for payment of interest. In 1957 the respondent bought a truck on credit from Burns Philp (South Sea) Company Limited and transferred his second mortgage to that company as security for his indebtedness on the truck. The payments on t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e truck being in arrears, Burns Philp (South Sea) Company Limited threatened to exercise its power of sale in the mortgage (which, as noted above, was payable on demand) and went so far as to advertise the farm for sale. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In order to raise the money neede\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d to pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
off the debt on the truck, the parties entered into an agreement with Gurbuksh Singh, a moneylender, dated 29th April, 1958}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, which was signed by the appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lants, the respondent and Gurbuksh Singh in the presence of Mr. R. D. Patel, solicitor, who h
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ad prepared}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the document. It will be neces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sary to set out the recital and paragraphs of the agreement, in which the respondent is described as "the borrower" and the appellants as "the guarantors"; it reads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"WHEREAS the Borrower has requested the lender\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  to lend the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 1085.0.0 (one thousand and eighty-five pounds) to the borrower }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND WHEREAS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 the Guarantors have specially requested the lender to advance the said sum of \'a3\loch\f0 1085.0.0 to the borrower }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND WHEREAS}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the lender has agreed to lend to the borrowe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 r the said sum of \'a3\loch\f0 
1085.0.0 on terms and conditions hereinafter following: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Now therefore it is hereby agreed by and between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the parties hereto as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 lender shall lend and the borrower shall borrow the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 1085.0.0 (one thousand and ei\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ghty-five pounds) (hereinafter called the Pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 incipal Amount) after the execu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion hereof. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  borrower shall pay to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he lender interest on the "Prin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
cipal Amount" and further advances, if any, at the rate of \'a3\loch\f0 12.0.0 (twelve pounds) per centum per annum a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s from the date hereof and as to further advances, if any, from the dates of such further advances. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Principal sum hereby agreed to be lent together with further advances, if any, and interest as aforesaid shall be payable by the borrower }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 UPON DEMA\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  by the lender. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Guarantors hereby gua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rantee and undertake to pay to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the lender the Principal Amount and further advances, if any, together with interest thereon as aforesaid on the borrower making default in payment of the amount as agreed herei
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 TO SECURE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Principal amount, further advances, if any, and interest thereon as aforesa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
id the borrower shall transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to the lender by way of security the Mortgage Registered No. 55071 which is at present declared to be held by Burns Philp (South\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Sea) Company Limited as transferees of the said Mortgage which will be retransferred to the borrower by the Burns Philp (South Seas) Company Limited on the borrower paying the amount due to the Burns Philp (South Seas) Company Limited out of monies hereb
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  inten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ded to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be borrowed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 UPON}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the borrower repaying the Principal amount, further advances, if any, and interest thereon as aforesaid the lender shall retransfer the mortgage No. 55071 to the borrower. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in consideration of the Guarantors pro
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 curing and guaranteeing the loan herein intended to the borrower, the borrower shall execute a Variation of Mortgage No. 55071 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to the effect that:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3890281 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(a) The balance of monies due to the borrower from the guarantors after paying off the lender shall be due \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to be paid by the guarantors to the borrower on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e 31st day of December, 1961.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) That no interest shall be payable by the guarantors to the borrower as from the date hereof until 31st December, 1961. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3890281 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  monies which may be p}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aid by the guarantors \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to the lender herein shall be de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ducted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  from the amount payable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e guaran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 borrower und}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he mor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o. 55071 in which the guarantors are the mortgagors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 borrower hereby admits and acknowledges that until the execution hereof, the bor\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rower has not received the Principal amount herein intended to be lent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 10. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  borrower and each of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he guarantors hereby admit and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 acknowledge to have received certified true copies of this agreement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 11. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  costs of this agreement whether Solicitor
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 's or otherwise and the similar costs of other acts, deeds, documents and things intended to be done herein or appurtenant hereto sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 all be paid by the borrower."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I will refer to this document as "the Agreement". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A receipt signed by the respondent and be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aring the same date as the Agreement, was put }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in evidence. It is as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"I, Penaia Rokovuni acknow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ledge to have received from Gur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 buksh Singh son of Man Singh of Vatuyaka, Ba Cultivator and Moneylender the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 1085.0.0,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 referred to in a certain a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment of even date. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8879776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2d stamp cancelled\cell 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row \ltrrow
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \cell \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dated at Ba this 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8879776\charrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  day of April, 1958\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3567\clshdrawnil \cellx3459\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1784\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \cell \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Signed. Penaia Rokovuni\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879776 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3567\clshdrawnil \cellx3459\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1784\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvmgf\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Witness :\cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvmgf\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvmrg\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sgd. R.D. Patel\cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvmrg\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row \ltrrow
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8879776\yts59 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Solicitor, Ba.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15168660 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts59\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15168660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1783\clshdrawnil \cellx1675\clvmrg\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3568\clshdrawnil \cellx5243\row 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Burns Philp (South Sea) Company Limited were paid off, but the re-assignment of the second\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  mortgag}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e was not registered until the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
6th April, 1960. It was never transferred to Gurbuksh Singh pursuant to paragraph 5 of the Agreement. Disputes having arisen, Gurbuksh Singh commenced Action No. 137 of 1960 against the respondent as debtor and the ap\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pellants as guarantors. The course of proceedings in the Supreme Court thereafter is fully summarized in the following passage in the judgment of the learned Chief Justice from which the present appeal is brought:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"In his defence, the plaintiff (as 1st d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efendant in that action) admitted borrowing the money, but pleaded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
non est factum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and that the agreement for the release of interest on the second mortgage was obtained by fraud on the part of Gurbuksh Singh and the present 1st and 2nd defendants. The pres\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent 1st and 2nd defendants (2nd and 3rd d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efendants in Action No. 137 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 1960) also defended the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  They claimed that it was a con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dition precedent to their liability under the guarantee that the second mortgage be transferred to Gurbuksh Singh. They ple\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aded, also, lack of consideratio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2846286\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n for the guarantee, and varia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion of the moneylending contract without their consent. Then in July 1961 the writ in the present proceedings was issued by the plaintiff, claiming specific performance of the undertakings of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he 1st and 2nd defendants to execute a crop lien in his favour. At about the same time these defendants put in an amended defence in the first action seeking a variation in the second mortgage as provided for in the Agreement of 1958: alternatively, they 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dmitted liability to Gurbuksh Singh subject to the agreed variation of the second mortgage being executed and they asked for an order compelling the plaintiff Penaia to execute such a variation. In his statement of claim in the present action the plaintif
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 alleged that the Agreement of 1958 was void and unenforceable but within particularising. In their statement of defence filed in September 1961 the 1st and 2nd defendants denied that the Agreement of 1958 was void and unenforceable. They claimed that the
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 failure of the plaintiff to transfer the second mortgage to Gurbuksh Singh had rendered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
them liable to Gurbuksh Singh, under that mortgage. They referred to the provision in the Agreement of 1958 that any moneys paid by them as guarantors to Gurbuksh Singh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 were deductible from the amount payable by them to the plaintiff under the second mortgage. In October 1961 a summons for directions was issued in the present action and an order was made as to the place and mode o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  trial, and for entry of the action for \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
trial within 3 months. On the 23rd February 1962, the plaintiff Penaia filed an amended defence in the first action ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pressly claiming that the moneyl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ending}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 contract of 1958 was unenforce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able for lack of a note or memorandum thereof as required by section \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
16 (1) of the Moneylend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ers Ordinance (Cap. 207); alter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 natively that if a note or memorandum was signed it did not comply with the section in that it did not set out the required particulars: the date of the loan and the principal, This was filed pursuant t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o leave granted on the 14th July 1961 when the 1st and 2nd defendants were legally represented and the terms of the proposed amendment were before the parties and the Judge in Chambers. " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In this state of the pleadings the appellants on the 2nd March, 19\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
62, paid to Gurbuksh Singh the whole of the moneys remaining owing to him on the Agreement. There were further pleadings which need not be set out in detail. They put in issue whether the appellants were entitled to set off the amount paid to Gurbuksh Sin
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
h (who died shortly after the payment was made) against the amount due under their mortgage to the respondent either under the terms of the Agreement or under the provisions of the Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance (Cap. 199). }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The findings of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he learned Chief Justice, so far as t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his appeal is concerned, were:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(a) that there was no note or memorandum as required by section 16 of the Moneylenders Ordinance (Cap. 207 -Laws of Fiji 1955) and it followed that the Agreement was not enforceable by G\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
urbuksh Singh against the respondent or the appellants; and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(b) that having regard to the policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the Moneylenders Ordin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance and the conduct of the appellants the payment made by the appellants to Gurbuksh Singh was made "wrongfully" within the meaning\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of sect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion 23 of the Indemnity, Guaran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tee and Bailment Ordinance (Cap. 199) and that therefore the appellants were unable to claim indemnity or right of set off in respect thereof. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Both of these findings are challenged on the appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Moneylenders \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Ordinance of Fiji follows closely the English legislation, though it is not entirely the same, and it may be well to preface the discussion of the questions for decision by a statement on the policy of the legislation taken from the judgment of the Privy 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ouncil in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kasumu v. Baba-Egbe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1956] 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 266. The question there was whether a borrower, in claiming the return of a security in respect of a loan from a moneylender which was unenforceable, should be put on terms before he could succeed. Their Lordsh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ips, having discussed the approach of the courts of equity under th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Usury Acts said, at pp. 271-2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"But the Usury Acts disappeared in 1854, and much of the Moneylenders Act, 1900, and the Moneylenders Act, 1927, is directed to enforcing measures of cont\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rol that have no concern with the intrinsic nature of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the contract made. Such require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ments as that the moneylender must be registered or licensed, must use his authorised na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me, must procure a note or memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum of the contract signed personally by the borr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ower, must keep a book in which is entered a contemporary record of the transaction strike indifferently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at all moneylenders' loans, how}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ever moderate the terms of any particular transaction. When the governing statute enacts that no loan which fails to sat
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
isfy any of these requirements is to be enforceable it must be taken to mean what it says, that no court of law is to recognise the lender as having a right at law to get his money back. That is part of the penalty which the statute imposes. There is no r
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om to reform the terms of the loa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n, since the statute is not con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cerned with the vice of its conte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt but with the vice of the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ditions under which it was made." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In Fiji the provisions requiring a "note or memorandum" are set out in section 16 of the Mon\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eylenders Ordinance, which (omitting two provisoes i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n subsection 1) is as follows: -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"16. (1) No contract for the repayment by a borrower or his agent of money lent to him or to any agent on his behalf by a moneylender or his agent after the commencement \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of this Ordinance or for the payment by him of interest on money so lent, and no security given by the borrower or by any such agent as aforesaid in respect of any such contract, shall be enforceable unless a note or memorandum in writing of the contract 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n the English language be signed by the parties to the contract or their respective agents, or in the case of a loan to a partnership firm, by a partner in or agent of the firm, and unless a copy thereof authenticated by the lender or his agent be deliver
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d to the borrower or his agent or, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the case of a loan to a partner}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ship firm, to a partner in or agent of the firm, before the money is lent, and no such contract or security shall be enforceable if it is proved that the note or memorandum aforesaid was \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
not so signed before the money was lent or before the security was given as the case may be: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 
\par \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(2) In this section the expression "borrower" includes a surety. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(3) The note or memorandum aforesaid shall contain all the terms of the c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ontract and in particularly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 shall show separate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
y and distinctly -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890281 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (a) the date of the loan;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) the principal; and 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (c) the rate of interest per centum per annum payable in respect of such loan or, where the interest is not expressed in terms of a rate p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er centum per annum, the amount of such interest. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
All dates and numbers shall be written in the English language notwithstanding that they are also written in any other way. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(4) Where a promissory note in the English language given by a borrower to a m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
oneylender in respect of a loan contains in the body of the note or by writing thereon all the terms of the contract and is countersigned by the lender or his agent, such promissory note shall in itself be a sufficient note or m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 emorandum of the contract fo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e purpose of this section." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Subsection 1 differs in two respects from the corresponding English section (Moneylenders Act, 1927, s.6); the English requirement that the note or memorandum be signed by "the borrower" is in Fiji "the parties to the cont\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ract" and in England the copy of the note or memorandum must be delivered within seven days of the making of the contract, whereas in Fiji there is the more stringent provision "before the money is lent". There is no material difference however, in the la
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t part of the subsection touching the time at which the memorandum was signed. Subsecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ons (2) and (4) have no counter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 parts in the English legislation. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present case the respondent was handed a copy of the Agreement signed by all parties with an en\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dorsed certification by Gurbuksh Singh that the copy was a true copy. In dealing with the question whether that constituted a memorandum within the meaning of section 16 (1) the learned Chief Justice considered, on the authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Edgeware Trust Ltd. v. L\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 awrence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1901] 3 All ER}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  141 (Rep.) , that the Agreement and the receipt for the advance could be read together: that the inference wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2961876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s that the advance was made con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 temporaneously with the execution of the two document}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s: that the two documents suffic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iently 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
complied with the requirements of section 16 (3) if they constituted a memorandum: but that the Agreement was both a contract and a security and in view of the wording of section 16 (1) a document could not be both a note or memorandum and either a contra
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t or a security. Section 16 (4) supported that view. He found accordingly that there was no note or memorandum. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I will first deal with the effect of section 16 (2) which, as I have mentioned, does not appear in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  English legislation. No submis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sions as \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to its meaning were made by counsel in the appeal though Mr. Stuart quoted it to distinguish a decision of the Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa which was relied upon by Mr. Sherani for the appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . That was the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Damodar J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amnadas v. Noor Mohamed\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Valji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1961] EA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 615 in which it was held (on legislation following the English pattern) that a guarantor was not a borrower within the meaning of the corresponding section and there was no necessity for a note or memorandum to be signed by the guarantor. 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At p.619 of the report there is the following passage in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the judgment of Newbold, J.A:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15168660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "...}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. I cannot see why a guarantor should be said to be a borrower within the meaning of the section. It is true that a guarantor is vitally interested in the terms of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the contract; it is also true that he is in an intimat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e relationship with the lender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and the borrower; but neither interest nor relationship can transform one party, who is a guarantor, into another party, who is a borrower. To do so would disregard one (\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
but not the only) essential difference between a contract to repay money and a contract to guarantee the repayment of money by another. In the first case an immediate and primary liability to repay exists; in the other only a contingent and secondary liab
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lity to pay arises. This difference can be seen immediately on examining a contract of guarantee. Mr. Nazareth also pointed out further difficulties which would arise if a guarantor were to be regarded as a borrower within the meaning of the section -for 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 xample where the guarantee related to part only of the debt or was contingent upon terms different from those agreed with the borrower: in any such case are there to be separ}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2961876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ate and different memoranda?"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It would appear that a tentative opinion contrary t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o this decision was expressed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Eldridge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15168660\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and Morris v. Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1931] 2 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  416 at 420 by Scrutton L.J. but that was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 case of a joint and several pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
missory note and the learned Lord Justice expressly refrained from deciding the point. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In Kenya, however,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 as in England, there is no provision equivalent to section 16 (2) in Fiji, and it would seem that, whatever may be the position elsewhere, in Fiji a guarantor is a borrower (for the purposes of section 16 only) and the difficulties referred to in the pas
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
age from the East African case quoted above might have to be faced. In the present case, however, the evidence appears to indicate that copies of the Agreement similar to that given to the respondent were handed also to the appellants, and the appellants 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f course, having paid the amount in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , do not rely on any plea of un}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 enforceability. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
As to the general effect of section 16 (2), I have formed the view (though without the benefit of any argument), that the purpose of the subsection is to ensure th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at a surety shall have safeguards of the same type as the borrower -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2961876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e is entitled to a note or memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum, and that his contract to repay and any security which he himself has provided in support of his guarantee will, in the absence of a memrandum \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or if the memorandum be defective or not handed over at the proper time, be unenforceable. I do not think (and this is the point of the discussion) that there is any intention to interfere with the law of contract or diminish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the differences between the co\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tract for repayment and the contrac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t of guarantee, pointed out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid2961876 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid2961876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amnadas v. Valji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra). The presence of section 16 (2) does not, therefore, in my opinion, prevent the contract of guarantee in the Agreement from being a security given by the appellant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s withi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the meaning of section 16 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. That it is such a security for the purpose of moneylending law I accept on the authority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Temperance Loan Fund Ltd. v. Rose}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1932] All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (Rep.) 690 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Central Advance and Discount Corporation Ltd. v. Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [19
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 39] 2 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 781; and I respectfully therefore agree with the learned Chief Justice that the Agreement was both a contract and a security. I do not think it necessary to deal with clause 5 of the Agreement in this connection, as to which I have formed the tent
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ativ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e view that it would be a suffi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cient disclosure of the security if the Agreement were otherwise good as a memorandum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15168660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The opinion of the learned Chief Justice that there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2368209\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was no memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum was based on the following words in section 16 (1) -"and no suc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
h contract or security shall be enforceable if it is proved that the note or memorandum aforesaid was not so signed before the money was lent or before the security was given as the case may be". Consistently with that provision, in the judgment of the le
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rned Chief Justice a document could not be both a note or memorandum and either a contract or a security for a loan at the point of signature. He quoted George }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid9264603 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Shaw Ltd. v. Duffy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1943] S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  350 in which all members of the court held that, conceding the basi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s that a promissory note was a security for the purpose of the Moneylenders Act 1927, it could not at the same time be a note or memorandum because that document had essentially to be signed before the security was taken. So far as the finding that a docu
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ent cannot be both a memorandum and a security is concerned, I respectfully agree with this finding. I am not however able to share the view that the same document may not function as both memorandum and contract. The memorandum may well be the only writi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
g, and is required by law to contain all the terms of the contract and to be signed by the parties. The section requires that the memorandum be signed, not before the contract is made, but before the money is lent. I think that envisages the actual handin
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  over of the loan money. There is a passage in the judgment of the Lord Justice-Clerk in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid2961876 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Shaw v. Duffy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) at p.356 which tends to support the v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iew I have expressed. It reads:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13728149 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"I have difficulty in understanding why such notes are still employed in c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
onnection with such transactions. If they are a "security" within the meaning of the section, they cannot be granted until the "note or memorandum" has first been signed, and, when that has been done, the promissory notes would seem to be superfluous. Eve
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  if they are not a "security}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ,"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  there must still be a "note or memorandum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ,"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and it is not easy to see why the moneylender should not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
content with that "note or memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum" as the record of the contract and the basis of any action which he may require to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 raise." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid13728149 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jamnadas v. Noor Valji}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) the East African case I have referred to, Newbold J.A. dealing with a point of evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , said at pp 620-621:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13728149 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Section 11 of the Ordinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce requires that a note or memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum in writing be made cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aining all the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  terms of the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tract. The law thus requires that the terms of the contract be reduced to the form of a document, and, this being so, under s.91 of the Act" (i.e. the Indian Evidence Act) "no evidence can be given of such terms except the document itself,
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  unless, of course, it is a case in which secondary evidence of the document is admissible." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I think, therefore, that a memorandum under the section could embody the whole contract, including the promise to repay, express or implied. The finding that the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 greement is not valid as a memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
randum, therefore, in my view, must be based only on the fact that it was not handed over before the security was taken. (I put aside for the moment its possible deficiency in the matter of the date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the loan). I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  have bee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n in some doubt whether, in the circumstances, it was a possible construction of section 16 (1) that the contract for repayment might be regarded as enforceable though the security was unenforceable. I have regard to the concluding words of the passage fr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
m the subsection quoted above"... before the money was lent or before the security w-as given as the case may be", as grouping the memorandum in relation to the contract with the money being lent, and in relation to the security with the latter being give
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sideration I do not think there is anything in this which assists the appellants. It cannot, in my judgment, have been intended that a memorandum could be good for one purpose and bad for another, and, reading the section as a whole in the light of
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the object of the legislation, I think it is clear that the memorandum is bad if the whole of the requirements of the section are not fulfilled. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For these reasons I respectfully agree that the Agreement cannot be relied upon as a memorandum. It is there\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
fore unnecessary for me to consider other questions which do not appear altogether free from doubt, i.e. whether it would be permissible to read the receipt for the loan moneys with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Agreement as a memorandum suffi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ciently indicating the date of the loan
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and whether, if the receipt is regarded as part of the memorandum it does not show on its face that it was given after the money was lent. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I turn now to the second finding of the learned Chief Justice which is challenged on the appeal, viz: tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5454696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t the pay\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment made by the appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lants was a payment made "wrongfully" within the meaning of section 23 of the Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment Ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inance (Cap. 199) which reads:-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13728149 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"23. In every contract of guarantee there is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  an implied promise by the princ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ipal debtor\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to indemnify the surety, and the surety is entitled to recover from the principal debtor whatever sum he has rightfully paid under the guarantee, but no sum which he has paid wrongfully." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In considering whether this section was applicable at all the lea\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rned Chief Justice noted that unlike four other sections in the Ordinance, it did not contain such words as "unless otherwise provided by the contract", and concluded that it was applicable. No argument against this finding was addressed to the Court on t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e appeal. For the reason given by the learned Chief Justice and for the additional reason that I do not find section 23 to be inconsistent with paragraph 8 of the Agreement, I respectfully agree that the section applies. Paragraph 8 I think, provides a me
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hod whereby the appellants could recover payments made under the guarantee but must be taken to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
clude only payments "rightfully" made under the implied term. There can be no challenge also to the finding, on the authority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid13728149 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Temperance Loan Fund v. Rose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1932] 2 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  522 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid13728149 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Eldridge and Morris v. Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1931] 2 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 416 that under the moneylending legislation, where the contract by the borrower is unenforceable for want of a memorandum the contrac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t of guarantee is likewise unen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 forceable. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13728149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In approaching th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is problem the learned Chief Justice pointed out that the payment to Gurbuksh Singh was made at a time at which the appellants were parties to proceedings in which the respondent was resisting payment on the ground that the debt was irrecoverable by virtu
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the provisions of the Moneylenders Ordinance. He said that the payment was made on legal advice and the money was obtained by way of loan from one Jagendar Singh, a particularly close associate of Gurbuksh Singh. He foun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d that the object of the appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nts in making the payment was to enforce payment of the possibly unenforceable debt on the respondent as a means of depriving him of his right to rely on the Moneylenders Ordinance as a defence; the appellants were not only cognisant of the fact that the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ebt might well be irrecoverable when they chose to pay Gurbuksh Singh, but acted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mala fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 neither of the appellants gave evidence. It is hardly necessary to add that the appellants no doubt had in view paragraph 8 of the Agreement as a method of recoupme
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115127\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 his judgment the learned Chief Justice observed that section 23 of the Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance was derived from the Indian Contract Act. That Act follows generally the principles of the English law of contract and it is permissi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ble to look at English authorities to see whether guidance may be had in considering in what sense the words "rightfully" and "wron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gfully" are used in section 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is the early case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Alexander v. Vane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1836] 1 M & W 512; 150 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 537, in which a gua\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rantor paid the balance of the price of some harness on the default of the principal debtor. He was held entitled to recover it from the principal debtor though, by reason of non-compliance with the Statute of Frauds he, as guarantor, was not legally comp
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
llable to make the payment to the creditor. The basis of the decision was that as the plaintiff had promised in the presence of the defendant, to pay if the defendant did not, there was an implied authority from the defendant for him to do so which had no
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  been countermanded. That was a case in which the principal debtor's liability was not in doubt. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sleigh v. Sleigh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  5 Exch. 514; 155 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  224 was decided in 1850. The plaintiff drew a bill of exchange for the accommodation of the defendant, who accepted it, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
but failed to pay it. The plaintiff, paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  part of the amount though he w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as not legally compellable to pay as he had not been given notice of dishonour. The action was for money paid for the use of the defendant (the plaintiff having paid only part was not \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the holder and could not sue on the bill) and it was held that the plaintiff could not recover. The following passage is from the judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of the Court (at pp.225-6 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ):-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3282983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Now there is no doubt, that, if a person lends his name to another for his accommod\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ation, the party accommodated undertakes to pay the bill at maturity, and further, to indemnify the person accommodating him, in case that person is compelled to pay the bill for him (Byles on Bills, p.94); and this no doubt is an implied authority to suc
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 person to pay it, if he be in that situation that he may be compelled by law to pay the bill, though the holder do not actually compel him to do so; and after payment he may sue the party accommodated for money paid on his account; for such payment is, i
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 truth, under the implied authority given by the contract of accommodation between the parties; and whether this be a payment of the whole bill, or of only a part of it, makes no difference. But the defendant, as the person accommodated, has not, we think
,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  undertaken to indemnify the plaintiff against the consequences of any paymen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t which the plaintiff may volun}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tarily make with knowledge of the circumstances. Whether it is so in cases in which the legal obligation has been discharged by circumstances unknow
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n to him, as for instance, by the creditor having given time to the principal debtor without his knowledge, it is unnecessary to determine; but where a payment is made, as in this case, with the knowledge on the part of the plaintiff that he was not bound
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to pay, for the want of a notice of dishonour, to which he was unquestionably entitled, we think the pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment is not made with the impli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed authority of the defendant." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That again was a case in which the principal debtor was undoubtedly liable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Both of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he cases last mentioned were considered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Re Chetwynd's Estate, Dunn Trust Ltd. v. Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1937] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  530, which was a moneylending case, and which is relied upon by counsel for the appellants. S. signed a joint and several promissory note with C. to s
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ecure a loan to C. The memorandum required by the moneylending legislation was defective but neither S. nor C. knew that the contract was thereby rendered unenforceable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C. having failed to pay, S. dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
charged the whole liability and C. later wrote a letter\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to S. ratifying the payment. It was held that S. could recover from C's estate. Counsel for the appellants relied upon the following passage from the judgment of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sir Wilfred Green M.R. at p.532:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3282983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"When they went there, the intention to be imputed to both\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of them, and, to my mind, the only intention, was that Sir Guy Chetwynd intended to pay, that Mr. Ste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 henson intended to pay if calle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d upon, and that Sir Guy Chetwynd intended to reimburse Mr. Stephenson if Mr. Stephenson paid. It never entered into the h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ead of either of them, so far as anything appears from the evidence, that sect. 6 had any ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fect on the validity of the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tract. Nor am I prepared to assume for one moment that, if they had learned of the existence of the section, and had known that it af
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fected the contract, their actions would have been in any way different. Nor do I think that the implication which the law raises would have been at all different in such a case." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The last sentence in that passage appears to imply an opinion that the res\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ult would have been the same even if the parties had known they were under no enforceable liability. If that is so, it appears to lessen in some small measure the force of the distinction drawn by the Master of the Rolls in relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sleigh v. Sleigh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (su
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a) where, at pp. 533-4 he said -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3282983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"It appears to me that, in that case, the real distinction is this. That was a case where the well known machinery with regard to bills of exchan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6977\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ge was at the very heart of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 transaction, because everybody knew that no\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tice of dishonour was required, and everybody knew that due presentation was required. In a case of that kind, where you are dealing with a very special type of contract, such as that which arises under a bill of exchange, it appears to me quite reasonabl
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the court should treat the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 case as one where the only implied authority to pay was to pay in accordance with the rules affecting that particular subject matter, and where it could not im}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ply, from the facts, any author}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ity or request by the accommodate\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d party to pay otherwise than in accordance with the ordinary routine applicable to bills of exchange. In the present case, no question of that sort arises." 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4937031 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That distinction of course is very }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
applicable to the actual circum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stances of the Chetwynd case, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but would tend to become rather a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ficial on the basis of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 relied upon for the appellants. If, in a bill of exchange case, the implied request is to be "If I fail, pay only if you are rendered liable by an intervening step", it is hard to see th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at the request in another type of case should be "If I fail pay even though you know neither you nor I are liable". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Be that as it may there is no case which is parallel to the present one. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alexander v. Vane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) emphas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is was placed by the Court on \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the fact that the implied request to pay had not been countermanded. In the Chetwynd case not only had the request not been countermanded, but there was a ratification of the payment. In the present case the appellants themselves filed various defences to
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an action by Gurbuksh Singh and the respondent disputed his own liability to pay by reason (inter alia) of the lack of a memorandum -to the knowledge of all parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Those circumstances were suffi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cient, in my opinion, to countermand t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he implied request to \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lants to pay the debt to any exten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t that the respondent could law}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
fully countermand it. If it turned out that the appellants were liable to Gurbuksh Singh, of course no countermanding could be effective. But on the basis (justified by the outcome o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f the litigation) that neither the appellants nor the respondent could legally be forced to pay, it would be going a very long way to deny to the respondent the right to say -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6977\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Neither of us is legally liable. I will not pay and you must not pay on my beha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lf". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Section 23 of the Indemnity Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance uses the words "rightfully" and "wrongfully", and the learned Chief Justice in the judgment under appeal refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "bona fide"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "mala fide".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  While I consider these terms are associated,
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I do not accept that in the context they are so-extensive and the learned Chief Justice may not so have intended. There might arise questions of figures -a moneylender might }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bona fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 pay a debt in ignorance that the principal debtor claimed to have paid \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 part of it already. Whether the guarantor had paid rightfully as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bona fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 would be open to argument and perhaps depend on circumstances. A payment by the guarantor for his own honour could not be described as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mala fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  but whether it was wrongful \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or rightful must depend on the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cular facts. In both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alexander v. Vane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sleigh v. Sleigh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 there was no doubt as to the liability of the principal debtor to the creditor though the guarantor was not liable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 legally -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 even then in the parti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cular circumst\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ances of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sleigh v. Sleigh}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the guarantor could not recover and his payment was presumably "wrongful". 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In the present circumstances I respectfully agree with the learned Chief Justice that the payment by the appellants to Gurbuksh Singh was wronful within \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the meaning of the section. I think the case is equivalent to one in which an implied request to pay was lawfully countermanded before it was acted upon. I think that is enough of itself but the basis of that opinion may be augmented by the finding of the
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 learned Chief Justice that the object of the appellants was to enforce payment of the possibly un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 enforceable debt on the respond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent as a means of depriving him of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his right to rely on the Moneyl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
enders Ordinance. That seems to me to involve conflict with th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e policy of the legislation as laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid3282983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Kasumu v. Baba-Egbe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) in the passage quoted above no court of law is to recognise the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lender as having a right at law to get his money back". I do not ov}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175561\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
look that Chetwynd's case was one of moneylending, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but there the whole transaction was carried through in ignorance that any provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7537696\charrsid4937031 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the legislation was applicable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14104370 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the reasons given I would dismiss the appeal with costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MARSACK V.P.: I am in agreement with the judgment of Gould \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J.A. and have\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 nothing to add. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appeal is dismissed with costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid4937031 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HAMMETT, J.A.: I concur. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3282983\charrsid4937031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15096989\charrsid14104370 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal dismissed. 
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