{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset1\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f49\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f50\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f52\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}
{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp 
\fs22\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid750368003\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01E;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f1\fs21\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li504\jclisttab\tx504\lin504 }{\listname ;}\listid12365517}{\list\listtemplateid1826570359\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'01G;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\expnd2\expndtw14\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li504\jclisttab\tx504\lin504 }{\listname ;}\listid85524017}{\list\listtemplateid738022058\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01B;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs23\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx432\lin432 }{\listname ;}\listid90425028}{\list\listtemplateid1343224713\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\'b7;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fs23\expnd1\expndtw9\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx432\lin432 }{\listname ;}\listid107849066}{\list\listtemplateid2116992220
\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01H;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs23\expnd1\expndtw8\cgrid\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li432\jclisttab\tx432\lin432 }{\listname 
;}\listid128816171}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid90425028\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid107849066\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid128816171\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid90425028
\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01B;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\expnd2\expndtw13\cgrid \fi-360\li504
\jclisttab\tx504\lin504 }}\ls4}{\listoverride\listid12365517\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid85524017\listoverridecount0\ls6}{\listoverride\listid128816171\listoverridecount1{\lfolevel\listoverrideformat{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01H;}{\levelnumbers;}\f1\fs21\expnd2\expndtw14\cgrid \fi-360\li504\jclisttab\tx504\lin504 }}\ls7}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid1860444\rsid1900549\rsid4072792\rsid4161519
\rsid5049293\rsid5704078\rsid5972363\rsid5985384\rsid7948327\rsid9057792\rsid9520266\rsid10362961\rsid11945700\rsid12133638\rsid15021990\rsid15410618\rsid15550865\rsid15744686\rsid16398566}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1
\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2014\mo12\dy20\hr17\min7}{\revtim\yr2016\mo4\dy13\hr9\min21}{\version20}{\edmins256}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords2546}{\nofchars12240}{\nofcharsws14757}
{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw11907\paperh16839\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace100\dgvspace120\dghorigin107\dgvorigin0\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jexpand\viewkind5\viewscale140\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\ftnlytwnine\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\ApplyBrkRules\asianbrkrule\rsidroot7948327\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0
{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid7948327\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9057792 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9057792\charrsid9057792 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1964] 10 FLR 206
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9057792 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9057792 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KANDSAMI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7948327 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9057792 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9057792 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mills-Owens C.J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 August }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15021990 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1st, 1964
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7948327 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Road Traffic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 third party insurance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 existence of "special reasons" matter of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discretion of court an additional question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 division of responsibilities between partners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Motor Vehicles (Third Party Insurance) Ordinance (Cap. 236) s.4(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) (2).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 traffic offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 using motor vehicle without third party insurance }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 special reasons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Motor Vehicles (Third Party Insurance) Ordinance (Cap. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 236) s.4(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) (2).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 practice and procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence of "special reasons"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5704078 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Motor Veh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 icles (Third Party Insurance) Ordinance (Cap. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 236) s.4(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) (2).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was convicted in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Court of using a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 motor vehicle without insurance against third party risks. Having taken evidence on the question whether special reasons existe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d why disqualification should not be ordered, the magistrate disqualified the appellant for the statutory period of twelve months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was a partner in a fir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12133638 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
m operating taxi cabs and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vehicle in question was one of four owned by the firm. The\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 vehicle had been in garages for repairs from the 6th January, 1964, to the 7th February, 1964, on which date the offence was committed while the appellant drove the vehicle to another garage for further repairs. The insurance policy had lapsed on the 18t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  January, 1964, but the appellant was unaware of this. Another partner (who was also the manager) of the firm, dealt with the insurance of the firm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s vehicles. He had not renewed the policy because he was aware that the car was under repair and he did not \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 know that the appellant intended to drive the car on the 7th February.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12133638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12133638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12133638\charrsid12133638 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12133638\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1. When the question of "special reasons" is being considered, the question must be borne in mind whether such reasons exist as a matter of law, and if, and only if, that is the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 case the court must decide how its discretion should be exercised in the particular circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12133638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7948327 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5985384 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. The accepted facts in the present case satisfy the test laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid5985384 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Wickins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1958) 42 Cr. App. R. 236, as to what amounts t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o a special reason as a matter of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3. On the question of discretion, the matter of insurance was an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "occup\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ational risk" of the business and one to which particular attention was required to be given. Each case depends on its own circumstances but the court was entitled to take into account that by a simple division of responsibilities the purpose of the Ordin
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce might be frustrated, in that neither the partner responsible for arranging}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the insurance nor the partner driving the vehicle might be liable to be disqualified. It was not a case in which discretion should be exercised in favour of the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid5049293 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Semb\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 le:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Evidence as to "special reasons" should be given on oath. Authorities on the question of "special reasons" discussed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jones v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  English}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1951] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R 853; [1951] 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 TL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. 973: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pilbury v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brazier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
[1950] 2 All ER 835; [1951] 1 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B 340: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Blows v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1947]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 2 All ER 576; 63 TL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. 575: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Reay v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Young and another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1949] 1 All ER 1102; 65 TLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  315: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15021990 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Harnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Singh and another v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1957) 5 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  58: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Whittall v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Kirby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 552; [1947] KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  194: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Recorder of Leicester, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid1860444\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 par\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 te Gabbitas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 1 All ER 615; 175 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  173: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Knowler v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Renni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 son}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1947] KB 488; [1947] 1 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R 302 (sub. nom. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9057792\charrsid9057792 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rennison v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid9057792 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Knowler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ): }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9057792 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chapman v}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hagan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1949] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R 690: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jowett-Shooter v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Franklin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1949] 2 All ER 730; 65 TLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  756: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Wickins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1958) 4\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 Cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15410618 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15410618 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15021990 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  236; 122 JP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  518.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal against order of disqualification by a Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Court.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 K. C. Ramrakha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 G. N. Mishra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the Crown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts appear from the judgment of the Chief Justice.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MILLS-OWENS C.J.: [1st October, 1964]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15021990 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was convicted in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Court of using a motor vehicle without insurance against third-part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9520266 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y risks, contrary to sections 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicles (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9520266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Insurance) Ordinance (Cap. 236)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . He pleaded guilty and his counsel addre
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ssed the Magistrate in mitigation; in the course of doing so he stated certain facts to which no objection was taken by the prosecution. The Magistrate imposed a fine and stated that he considered that there were special reasons why disqualification shoul
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  not be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the exercise of its revisional ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
risdiction the Supreme Court re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mitted the case to the Magistrate in order that evidence as to the circumstances of the case might be heard. The learned Judge pointed out that it had been held by the Div\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 isional Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jones v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  English}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1951] 2 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  853 that evidence as to special reasons should be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 given on oath. He also stated that consideration should be given to the decisions in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pilbury v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brazier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1950] 2 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  835 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1860444 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blows v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1947] 2 Al\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 576. The revisional judgment indicates that in remitting the case to the Magistrate the Judge was acceding to an application made by counsel for the appellant that that should be done. Further proceedings then ensued in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Court and evid\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ence was given on behalf of the appellant that the motor vehicle had been under repair, first in one garage and then in another from the 6th January, 1964, until the 7th February, which was the date of the offence. The insurance policy had lapsed on the 1
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
th January. The offence was committed when the appellant drove the car from the second garage to a third garage for the purpose of further repairs. The appellant was a partner in a firm operating taxi cabs and the vehicle in question was one of four vehic
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es owned by the firm. The other partners were the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s brother and father. It was given in evidence that the brother was the manager of the firm and, in particular, dealt with the insurance of the firm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s vehicles. The brother gave evidence that h
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e had not renewed the policy because he was aware that the car was under repair; he was unaware that the appellant intended to drive the car on the 7th February. No rebutting evidence was called on the part of the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In a careful judgment the Ma\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gistrate accepted that the matter of insurance of the firm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s vehicles was dealt with by the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s brother and took into consideration the fact that the insurance was but shortly overdue, together with the additional fact that the car was off the road\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 under repair and was being made use of for a short journey and for the purpose only of taking it to a garage for repair. He went on to say that although the appellant took no part in the management of the firm so far as insurance of their cars was concer
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ed, he was a partner and had taken no steps to ensure that the management of the firm was being carried on properly in respect of insurance matters, and whilst he did not know that the insurance policy had lapsed he should have done so and was in a positi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n to make himself aware of the fact by taking proper care. He therefore disqualified the appellant for the statutory period of 12 months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On this appeal counsel for the appellant has referred to the following authorities: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Reay v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Young and Anor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1949] 1 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1102; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blows v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chapman (supra) and Harnam Singh and Raghunath Singh v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1957) 5 FLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  58; Crown Counsel cited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pilbury v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Brazier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is of assistance to review some of the authorities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Whittall v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Kirby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 2 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  552 was said\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 by the Divisional Court to be the first occasion on which the question what can amount to special reasons had arisen, although the Court had, earlier in that year in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Recorder of Leicester, Ex parte Gabbitas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  615, laid it d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
own that where any court refrained from imposing a disqualification on a conviction which carried this penalty it was its duty to state the facts which it found constituted special reasons entitling it to refrain from imposing disqualification. Earlier in
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 its judgment the Divisional Court had referred to Parliament having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "given a discretion to the court which obviously is a limited discretion to be exercised only for special reasons. The limited discretion must be exercised judicially".}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At this stage in t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he judicial history of the matter of special reasons,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
it appears, the distinction between special reasons in point of law and special reasons in point of discretion had not become the subject of precise definition. But it arose shortly afterwards, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Knowl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Rennison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15410618 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1947] 1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  302, whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re the defence was that the res}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pondent, convicted of causing a motor-vehicle to be used without a policy of insurance, had acted under an honest belief that the vehicle was covered. The Divisional Court held that the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
question whether, on the facts found by the trial court, it is open to be held that special reasons exist, is one of law; belief, however honest, could not be regarded as a special reason unless based on reasonable grounds. It was also said that forgetful
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ess to renew a policy of insurance could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
not be a special reason. Neither was the unlikelihood that the offender would drive again without satisfying himself that he was insured, although that was a matter which could be taken into account in considering, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
where there are special reasons, whether the court will exercise the discretion which is then given to it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The distinction between special reasons in point of law and in point of discretion was also adverted to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chapman v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  O'Hagan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1949] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R 690, a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jowett-Shooter v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Franklin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (ibid 730).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15744686\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The authorities thus establish that two matters have to be borne in mind when considering the question of special reasons, namely whether such reasons exist as a matter of law, and if so, but only if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 so, how th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e discretion of the court should be exercised in the particular circumstances of the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Here I may perhaps revert to the question of what is a special reason by referring to the summary given by the Court of Criminal Appeal in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Wickins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5972363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1958) 42 C
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r App. R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 236, 239-40 where it was said that four conditions have to be satisfied: It must be a mitigating or extenuating circumstance not amounting in law to a defence; directly connected with the commission of the offence; and a matter which the court oug
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ht properly to take into consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The main substance of the argument for the appellant in the present case is that once it is established that the driver of the vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
had no direct responsibility for the insurance thereof this amounts to a special\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  reason within the meaning of the Ordinance. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blows v. Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (supra) the driver was a mere employee who had driven the vehicle or similar vehicles for many years and could have no reason to suppose that his employer had omitted to keep the vehicle cove\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
red by insurance on the occasion in question. This was held to be a special reason: likewise in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1900549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Harnam Singh and}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid4161519\charrsid1900549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid1900549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Raghunath Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Therefore, according to counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s argument, once it is shown that the driver had no responsibility in the matter o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f insurance it becomes irrelevant to consider whether he is an owner, a part owner or a mere servant. Crown Counsel submits that the fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the appellant, as a partner, had a proprietary interest in the vehi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cle, is decisive; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9057792 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  immaterial that for bu
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 siness or management reasons the matter of insurance had been delegated or assigned to another partner. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pilbury v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brazier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (supra) the justices had thought it reasonable for the proprietor of a taxi-cab business, charged with permitting a vehicle to be \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
driven uninsured, to delegate the duty of insurance to his manager. This, they considered, afforded special reasons for not disqualifying him. But in the Divisional Court that was not accepted; the decision of the Court upholding the justices}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  decision not\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to disqualify rested entirely on the insurance company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s statement that they would have regarded the vehicle as covered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I agree with Crown Counsel that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pilbury v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brazier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  turned on the acceptance of liability by the insurance company. In
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  his judgment Lord Goddard said that he did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 not think that the fact that (the proprietor) had left it to his manager to see to the insurance of the cabs would have been any excuse, if there had been an accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . It is not, however, clear to me whether th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at was said as a statement of law or in reference to the justices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410618 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4161519\charrsid15410618 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7948327 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The present case, on the uncontradicted and accepted evidence, appears to me to satisfy the test laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Wickins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as to what amounts to a special reason as a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
matter of law. It is a different matter how the discretion then arising should be exercised. On the one hand it is not unreasonable for a partner to leave the matter of insurance to another partner, as a person who might be expected to deal with the matte
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 responsibly. On the other hand this was a firm whose business it was to operate motor-vehicles, a business which clearly called for careful arrangements ensuring that third-party risks were properly insured against. As a partner the appellant had an equa
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  responsibility in this respect. Also, in that c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10362961 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 apacity, he was armed with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 necessary authority to ensure that cover had been duly provided, or, if not, was obtained; and in a position, further, to seek confirmation from the records of the firm that the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  firm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s vehicles were covered. In effect, the matter of insurance was an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 occupational risk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7948327\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the business and one, therefore, to which particular attention was required to be given. The question is whether it is enough for it to be shown that by some in\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ternal arrangement another partner was to exercise particular powers of management in this respect. I can appreciate that in a case such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Pilbury v\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Brazier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (supra) it would be very difficult for the proprietor of a taxi-cab business to claim that discretion should be exercised in his favour simply on the ground that he had delegated his responsibility to a manager, and, at the other extreme, that discretion
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 might properly be exercised in favour of a mere employee, as in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blows v
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (supra). Into what category does a partner fall in a case such as the present where another partner deals with insurance matters but where he is the actual driver? Each case m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ust depend on its own circumstances. Here I am entitled to take into account the practical result that the partner responsible for arranging insurance and the appellant as the actual driver, while both guilty of an offence, might neither of them be liable
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to be disqualified, so that the purpose of the Ordinance would be frustrated by a simple administrative division of responsibilities.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I have come to the conclusion that it is not a c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ase in which dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid7948327 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cretion should be exercised in favour of the appellant an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d accordingly the appeal is dismissed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5049293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4161519\charrsid7948327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5049293\charrsid4161519 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal dismissed.
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b
44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7
065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000
00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08
84a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b63095120f88d94fbc
52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462a1a82fe353
bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468
656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b4b0d592c9c
070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b4757e8d3f7
29e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b03041400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65
312e786d6cec594f6fdb3614bf0fd87720746f6327761a07758ad8b19b2d4d1bc46e871e698996d850a240d2497d1bdae38001c3ba618715d86d87615b8116d8
a5fb34d93a6c1dd0afb0475292c5585e9236d88aad3e2412f9e3fbff1e1fa9abd7eec70c1d1221294fda5efd72cd4324f1794093b0eddd1ef62fad79482a9c04
98f184b4bd2991deb58df7dfbb8ad755446282607d22d771db8b944ad79796a40fc3585ee62949606ecc458c15bc8a702910f808e8c66c69b9565b5d8a314d3c
94e018c8de1a8fa94fd05093f43672e23d06af89927ac06762a049136785c10607758d9053d965021d62d6f6804fc08f86e4bef210c352c144dbab999fb7b471
7509af678b985ab0b6b4ae6f7ed9ba6c4170b06c788a705430adf71bad2b5b057d03606a1ed7ebf5babd7a41cf00b0ef83a6569632cd467faddec9699640f671
9e76b7d6ac355c7c89feca9cccad4ea7d36c65b258a206641f1b73f8b5da6a6373d9c11b90c537e7f08dce66b7bbeae00dc8e257e7f0fd2badd5868b37a088d1
e4600ead1ddaef67d40bc898b3ed4af81ac0d76a197c86826828a24bb318f3442d8ab518dfe3a20f000d6458d104a9694ac6d88728eee2782428d60cf03ac1a5
193be4cbb921cd0b495fd054b5bd0f530c1931a3f7eaf9f7af9e3f45c70f9e1d3ff8e9f8e1c3e3073f5a42ceaa6d9c84e5552fbffdeccfc71fa33f9e7ef3f2d1
17d57859c6fffac327bffcfc793510d26726ce8b2f9ffcf6ecc98baf3efdfdbb4715f04d814765f890c644a29be408edf3181433567125272371be15c308d3f2
8acd249438c19a4b05fd9e8a1cf4cd296699771c393ac4b5e01d01e5a30a787d72cf1178108989a2159c77a2d801ee72ce3a5c545a6147f32a99793849c26ae6
6252c6ed637c58c5bb8b13c7bfbd490a75330f4b47f16e441c31f7184e140e494214d273fc80900aedee52ead87597fa824b3e56e82e451d4c2b4d32a423279a
668bb6690c7e9956e90cfe766cb37b077538abd27a8b1cba48c80acc2a841f12e698f13a9e281c57911ce298950d7e03aba84ac8c154f8655c4f2af074481847
bd804859b5e696007d4b4edfc150b12addbecba6b18b148a1e54d1bc81392f23b7f84137c2715a851dd0242a633f900710a218ed715505dfe56e86e877f0034e
16bafb0e258ebb4faf06b769e888340b103d3311da9750aa9d0a1cd3e4efca31a3508f6d0c5c5c398602f8e2ebc71591f5b616e24dd893aa3261fb44f95d843b
5974bb5c04f4edafb95b7892ec1108f3f98de75dc97d5772bdff7cc95d94cf672db4b3da0a6557f70db629362d72bcb0431e53c6066acac80d699a6409fb44d0
8741bdce9c0e4971624a2378cceaba830b05366b90e0ea23aaa241845368b0eb9e2612ca8c742851ca251ceccc70256d8d87265dd96361531f186c3d9058edf2
c00eafe8e1fc5c509031bb4d680e9f39a3154de0accc56ae644441edd76156d7429d995bdd88664a9dc3ad50197c38af1a0c16d684060441db02565e85f3b966
0d0713cc48a0ed6ef7dedc2dc60b17e92219e180643ed27acffba86e9c94c78ab90980d8a9f0913ee49d62b512b79626fb06dccee2a432bbc60276b9f7dec44b
7904cfbca4f3f6443ab2a49c9c2c41476dafd55c6e7ac8c769db1bc399161ee314bc2e75cf8759081743be1236ec4f4d6693e5336fb672c5dc24a8c33585b5fb
9cc24e1d4885545b58463634cc5416022cd19cacfccb4d30eb45296023fd35a458598360f8d7a4003bbaae25e331f155d9d9a5116d3bfb9a95523e51440ca2e0
088dd844ec6370bf0e55d027a012ae264c45d02f708fa6ad6da6dce29c255df9f6cae0ec38666984b372ab5334cf640b37795cc860de4ae2816e95b21be5ceaf
8a49f90b52a51cc6ff3355f47e0237052b81f6800fd7b802239daf6d8f0b1571a8426944fdbe80c6c1d40e8816b88b8569082ab84c36ff0539d4ff6dce591a26
ade1c0a7f669880485fd484582903d284b26fa4e2156cff62e4b9265844c4495c495a9157b440e091bea1ab8aaf7760f4510eaa69a6465c0e04ec69ffb9e65d0
28d44d4e39df9c1a52ecbd3607fee9cec7263328e5d661d3d0e4f62f44acd855ed7ab33cdf7bcb8ae889599bd5c8b3029895b6825696f6af29c239b75a5bb1e6
345e6ee6c28117e73586c1a2214ae1be07e93fb0ff51e133fb65426fa843be0fb515c187064d0cc206a2fa926d3c902e907670048d931db4c1a44959d366ad93
b65abe595f70a75bf03d616c2dd959fc7d4e6317cd99cbcec9c58b34766661c7d6766ca1a9c1b327531486c6f941c638c67cd22a7f75e2a37be0e82db8df9f30
254d30c1372581a1f51c983c80e4b71ccdd28dbf000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f74
68656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f24
51eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e3198
720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528
a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c0200001300000000000000000000000000
000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b000000000000000000000000
002b0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c00000000000000000000000000140200007468
656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b000016000000000000000000
00000000d10200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000000000
00000000000000009b0900007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000960a00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef1\lsdunhideuseddef1\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Revision;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;}}{\*\datastore 010500000200000018000000
4d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffffec69d9888b8b3d4c859eaf6cd158be0f000000000000000000000000e05f
59a40995d101feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}