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{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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{\title \'93this is a quote, has said, of me saying \'91this is a quote\'92\'94}{\author baleimatuku_l}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2015\mo2\dy24\hr15\min47}{\revtim\yr2015\mo2\dy26\hr9\min25}{\version13}{\edmins85}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1600}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 (1963) 9 FLR 129
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 SUPREME COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par 
\par REGINA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15153520 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 RICHARDSON
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 [SUPREME COURT, 1963 (Hammett Ag. C.J.), 16th, 23rd August]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13919094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid15153520 
Criminal law-indecent assault on male-consent a defence-Penal Code (Cap. 8) ss. 145, 165, 166, 167.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2368881\charrsid15153520 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13919094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid15153520 
Criminal law-conviction-jurisdiction to convict of minor offence of cognate character-Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 9) ss. 331 (1) (a), 325 (1).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 While consent is not a defence to charges of "Unnatural offences" or "Indecent Practices between Males" contrary to sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881 
165 and 167 respectively of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 , it is a defence to a charge of inde
cent assault on a male contrary to section 166. The accused pleaded guilty to three charges of indecent assault under section 166 in circumstances indicating that the other parties to the assaults consented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 .-The three convictions for indecent assault could not stand and convictions of of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2368881 fences under section 167 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
, being lesser offences of a cognate character, should be substituted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Order on revision of magisterial conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205 McFarlane for the accused.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205 Palmer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 for the Crown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14631205\charrsid14631205 HAMMETT Ag. C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 [23rd August, 1963]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 The accused has charged before the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
s Court on three counts of indecent assault}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205  contrary to section 166 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid14631205 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 . The particulars of offence were as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid14631205 First Count-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
Peter David Thomas Richardson, on a date unknown between the 1st day of February, 1963, and 28th day of February, 1963, at Lautoka, in the Western District, indecently assaulted a male person, namely Sefanaia Baleinavetau.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid14631205 Second Count-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Peter David Thoma
s Richardson, on a date unknown between the 1st day of September, 1962, and 30th day of September, 1962, at Lautoka, in the Western District, indecently assaulted a male person, namely Apisai Tunuma.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid14631205 Third Count-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12264078 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Peter David Thomas Richardson, on a date 
unknown between the 1st day of May, 1963, and 31st day of May, 1963, at Lautoka, in the Western District, indecently assaulted a male person, namely Jese Qauqau alias Saukuru.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 He pleaded guilty to each count and, having admitted the facts outlined by the 
Prosecutor, was convicted on each count. He was sentenced on each count to concurrent terms of imprisonment, amounting to an effective total of 15 months. The Attorney-General has very properly drawn my attention to this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Upon examining the record it
 became clear to me that in this case no consideration was given in the Court below to the question of whether consent was a defence to a charge of indecent assault. The facts show that the persons alleged to have been assaulted, who were aged 17, 22 and 
23 years, respectively, consented to the acts of the accused. I therefore directed that the cases be brought before the Supreme Court in the exercise of its Revisional Jurisdiction for these decisions to be reviewed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631205\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 At the hearing before me on revision, b
oth the prosecution and the accused were represented by counsel and I have had the benefit of the arguments of both counsel, an advantage which was not enjoyed by the learned trial Magistrate before whom the accused appeared when he was not legally repres
ented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 The three princ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253 ipal homosexual offences in the Penal Code }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 are as follows:-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15099005 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
Section 165. "Unnatural offences" commonly known as Buggery and Sodomy:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13463253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 "Any person who-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13463253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
(a) has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature; or
\par (b) has carnal knowledge of an animal; or
\par (c) permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13463253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 is guilty of a felony, and is liable to imprisonment for fourteen years, with or without corporal punishment."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15099005 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Section
 166. "Indecent assaults upon males", of which the material part reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13463253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
"Any person ... who is guilty ... of any indecent assault upon any male person, is guilty of a felony, and is liable to imprisonment for seven years, with or without corporal punishment" and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15099005 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
Section 167. "Indecent practices between males", of which the material part reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15099005 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
"Any male person who, whether in public or private, commits any act of gross indecency with another male person, ..... is guilty of a felony, and is liable to imprisonment for five years, with or without corporal punishment."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Consent is not a defence to a charge of "Unnatural offences" under section 165 or of "Indecent practices between males" under section 167.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 The offence of indecent assault under section 166 in
volves an element of an actual physical affront of a homosexual and indecent nature upon the person of another male against his will. Lack of consent is an essential ingredient in the offence of indecent assault. Consent is, therefore, a good defence to a
 charge of indecent assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 In this connection I should perhaps draw attention to the provisions of section 145 which deals with the offence of indecent assault upon females, of which the first two subsections read:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12144291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 "145.-(1) Any person who unlawfully an
d indecently assaults any woman or girl is guilty of a felony, and is liable to imprisonment for five years, with or without corporal punishment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13463253\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 (2) It is no defence to a charge for an indecent assault on a girl under the age of sixteen years to prove that she consented to the act of indecency."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 The law in Fiji expressly provides hereby that the consent of a girl under the age of sixteen years to 
an act of indecency is not a defence to a charge of indecent assault upon her. It makes no such provision, however, in the case of indecent assaults upon boys under the age of 16, whatever may be the law elsewhere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 In this case the persons concerned in ea
ch of these three charges were over the age of sixteen years and did, I am satisfied, consent to the acts of indecency alleged and admitted. It is clear, therefore, in these circumstances, that these three convictions of indecent assault cannot stand.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Mr. McFarlane, who appeared for the accused, concedes that the acts of the accused, which were complained of in each count, did amount to "indecent practices" and offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291  contrary to section 167 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid12144291 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 . The maximum punishment for the offence of "I
ndecent Practices" under section 167 is five years as opposed to seven years for indecent assault under section 166. The offence of indecent practices under section 167 is, therefore, a lesser offence of a cognate character than the offence of indecent as
sault under section 166.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 Section 164}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3109004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 (2) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Criminal Procedure Cod}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12144291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
"When a person is charged with an offence and facts are proved which reduce it to a minor offence, he may be convicted of the minor offence although he was not charged with it."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 The Court below could, therefore, in these circumstances, on the facts before it, have convicted the accused of the offence of "Indecent Practices"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12144291  contrary to section 167 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid12144291 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 . This Court is empowered by secti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 ons 331(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8395622  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 (a) and 325}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8395622  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291 (1) of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12144291\charrsid12144291 Criminal Procedure Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 to exercise any power the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 s Court could have exercised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
Mr. McFarlane informs me that had he represented the accused in the Court below he would have advised his client to plead guilty to this lesser offence. Neither he nor the Crown nor the accused ask for a retrial, and all ask that this Court
 substitute convictions of the lesser offences of indecent practices between males under section 167 for the convictions of indecent assault under section 166. This is the course I shall adopt. I do, therefore, set aside the convictions and sentences pass
ed in the Court below and in lieu thereof I convict the accused on each of counts 1, 2 and 3 of offences contrary t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8395622 o section 167 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
Penal Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12144291\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 I have heard both counsel at some length on the question of sentence. I have taken all they have said into c
onsideration. I have also taken account of the desirability for some measure of consistency in the sentences which are passed by the several Courts in the country for similar offences. In this connection I have observed that sentences of from 9 to 12 mont
hs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881  imprisonment have been passed recently in respect of the more serious offence of "Unnatural Practices"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900  contrary to section 165 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12068979\charrsid13699900 Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 
. In the present state of the law such sentences do not appear to me to be inappropriate in the case of a first offender, always provided that the differing circumstances are considered individually on their merits in each case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 It is part of the function of the law to safeguard those who need protection by reason of their youth. Men who commit offences against 
such persons must be treated as criminal offenders. Whatever may be the causes of their disposition or the proper treatment for it, the responsibility for their overt acts remains theirs except where there are circumstances which the law accepts as exempt
i
ng them from accountability. Offences of this kind are particularly reprehensible when the men who commit them are in positions of special responsibility. When an accused is involved in an offence with a boy or youth, it appears that the invitation to the
 commission of the act does sometimes come from him rather than from the accused. Even when this is so, however, that fact does not serve to exculpate the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Having given careful and anxious consideration to all the circumstances of this case, I am of the opinion that an appropriate sentence would be one of six months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2368881\charrsid2368881 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881  imprisonment on each count to be served concurrently With effect from the date of the original convictions and I do so order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900\charrsid2368881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699900 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13699900\charrsid13699900 Convictions quashed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13699900 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3109004\charrsid13699900 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12068979\charrsid13699900 Convictions for minor offence substituted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2368881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13699900\charrsid13699900 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 Solicitors f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900 or the accused: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13699900\charrsid13699900 Grahame and Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13699900 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3109004 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13699900\charrsid13699900 Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13699900  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068979\charrsid2368881 for the Crown.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231\charrsid2368881 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
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