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{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
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SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
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\par \~
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 [SUPREME COURT, 1962 (MacDuff C.J.), 21st June, 31st August]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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Contract - unenforceable contract - moneys paid thereunder \endash no basis for finding of implied promise to repay \endash  moneys irrecoverable \endash  Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance (Cap. 199) s 59 \endash 
 Statute of Frauds (29 Car. 2, c.3) s.4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
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\endash  consideration \endash  contract unenforceable for lack of writing \endash  moneys paid thereunder not recoverable on ground of failure of consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
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6 per month in consideration of an alleged agreement by the defendant to transfer to the plaintiff a one third interest in Crown Lease No. 920.\~
There was a note or memorandum in writing in relation to the alleged agreement and at the hearing counsel for the plaintiff abandoned his claim for specific performance thereof, relying only upon an alternative claim for the return of the money.}{
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Held:\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
The alleged contract being unenforceable the plaintiff could not recover the money paid under it on the ground of failure of consideration, or of implied promise to pay or on any other basis in law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
Cases referred to:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Chaproniere v Lambert
\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 [1917] 2 Ch. 356;\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15492500 
HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=117%20LT%20353" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 117 L.T. 353}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 ;\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Thursby v Eccles\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15492500 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281900%29%2049%20WR%20281" \\
o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 (1900) 49 W.R. 281}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 ;\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15492500 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=17%20TLR%20130" \\
o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 17 T.L.R. 130}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 ;\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Sanderson v Graves\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15492500 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281875%29%20LR%2010%20Exch%20234" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 (1875) L.R. 10 Exch. 234}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 ;\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15492500 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=33%20LT%20269" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 33 L.T. 269.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
MACDUFF C.J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~[31st August, 1962] -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
The Defendant is the registered lessee of Crown Lease No. 920 in respect of Lot 5, Section 9, Samabula Government Indian Settlement, Suva, upon which is erected a building of wood and iron. The Defendant is the maternal
 uncle of the Plaintiff and the Plaintiff has lodged in the house on this property for some 16 years, first with his maternal grandmother, and after her death, in 1953 with the Defendant, who had then become the owner of the property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 The Plaintiff claims 
that in the month of June, 1954, it was mutually agreed between himself and the Defendant that in consideration of his paying to the Defendant the sum of \'a3
6 per month, which amount was to be used in liquidating a mortgage over the property in favour of the
 Australia and New Zealand Bank Limited, which was secured by registered Mortgage No. 5524", the Defendant would transfer to him a one-third share in the said property when the said mortgage had been paid off. The Plaintiff claims that in pursuance of thi
s agreement he paid to the Defendant the sum of \'a3534 in cash and that he also carried out certain works and repairs to the said house on the property to the value of \'a3
200. He also says that he lodged with the Defendant and while he did so he paid him a monthly, \'a3
7 in respect of his board and lodging. About the month of November, 1961, the amount due under the mortgage to the Australia and New Zealand Bank Limited having then been liquidated, the Defendant gave him, the Plaintiff, notice to quit his lodgings 
on the said property and subsequently he vacated them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
The Plaintiff accordingly claims, firstly that the Defendant constituted himself a trustee of the said property pursuant to the agreement entered into between the Defendant and himself, and he claims a
 declaration to that effect with an order that the Defendant transfer to him a one\_third share in the said Crown Lease No. 920, in the alternative he claims that the Defendant is indebted to him in the sum of \'a3
734 in respect of the moneys paid by the Plaintiff to the Defendant and the amount expended by the Plaintiff on the said property, and he asks for judgment for that amount.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 The Defendant denies that there was any such alleged agreement, he denies that the Plaintiff has paid any moneys whatsoever in pu
rsuance thereof or that the Plaintiff has expended any moneys on improvements to or repairs to the house on the said property.\~\~While he admits that the Plaintiff lodged with him and had lodged with him since the death of the Plaintiff\rquote 
s grandmother and that he gave notice to the Plaintiff to quit his lodgings in the said property he denies that the Plaintiff had at any time paid him \'a37 per month or any sum at all in respect of his board and lodging.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 In the alternative, the Defendant pleads that if there w
as any such agreement as alleged by the Plaintiff then there is no sufficient note or memorandum in writing in relation to such alleged contract, and he relies on the provisions of Section 59 of the Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Ordinance (Cap. 199, L
aws of Fiji) and Section 4 of the Statute of Frauds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
Counsel for the Defendant raised several defences in law to what was, in effect, a claim for specific performance of the alleged agreement and in which there was considerable merit but to which, in view o
f the action taken by Counsel for the Plaintiff, it is now unnecessary for me to refer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
In his final address Mr. Marquardt\_Gray for the Plaintiff apparently accepted his failure to establish his claim to specific performance and accordingly abandoned his claim for a declaration of trust and consequent transfer of a one\_
third interest in Crown Lease No. 92(7) and asked for judgment for the amount alleged to have been paid by the Plaintiff to the Defendant, that is to say the sum of \'a3534, and for the amount a
lleged to have been paid on behalf of the Defendant, that is to say the sum of \'a3200. As the basis of his claim he relied upon a statement in Anson\rquote s Law of Contract, 19th Edition, at page 79 to the effect that-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
"The exclusion of a money payment from admissible acts of part performance has also been explained on this ground, for the money can be recovered back by action if the contract is not performed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
This statement of the law is based on the remarks of Swinfen Eady L.J. in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Chaproniere v Lambert\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 [1917] 2 Ch. 356, 359 that \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \'93
It is not clear that the mere payment of money does not change the relative positions of the parties though it may give rise to a claim to recover it back.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
These cases were dealing with the question as to whether money payments pursuant to the parol contract were acts of and came within the doctrine of part performance.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
The remarks were, therefore obiter and even so were both expressed in the permissive tense.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Hence it will be seen that the statement in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Anson\rquote s Law of Contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 is of too wide an application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Chitty on Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 , 22}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 at page 1591 under the heading of Quasi Contract and restitution, makes this statement -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2160\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \'93the mere fact of one party having paid money to another under a contract which he cannot enforce against th
e latter, because of his non-compliance with a statute requiring written evidence will not entitle the party who has paid such money to recover the same on failure of consideration, for such a contract is not void it is merely unenforceable\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 If this altern
ative claim of the Plaintiff were based on there being afailure of consideration then his claim would fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Any claim by the Plaintiff on the express contract itself would appear to be precluded.\~\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Halsbury's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Laws of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 3rd Edition Vol. 8 at page 110 says-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \'93
A contract, though there has been performance on the part of the plaintiff, but not on the part of the defendant, is still to be considered as a contract within the statutory provisions which require a note or memorandum in writing and the defendant 
is not precluded by the fact of performance by the plaintiff from setting up the want of writing in any action on the express contract, except in a case where the equitable doctrine of part performance applies.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
Equity, however, will assist a plaintiff in certain cases on the basis that there is an implied promise by the defendant to pay.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Halsbury\rquote 
s Laws of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 continue-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
"But if the contract has been performed by the plaintiff, and everything has been done by the defendant upon the doing of which the law would imply a promise to pay, the plaintiff can recover on such implied promise notwithstanding the statute.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
This follows a statement of the law by Bramwell B. in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Sanderson & Anor. v Graves\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15492500 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org.vu/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=33%20LT%20269" \\o "View LawCiteRecord"}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 33 L.T. 269}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10969240\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 , where at page 271 he says-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2160\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 "There are cases where, when the thing is executed, a defendant might be liable; as for instance, on a contract to paint 
and deliver a picture on and not before a day distant more than a year. If, at the time appointed, the person ordering the picture took it, he would be held to have renewed his promise at the moment.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 So of any case where the law would imply a promise on t
he doing of anything by the promisor.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs27\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
From the decided cases an implied promise by a defendant would appear to arise in four instances, first it can be implied from an account stated: secondly, it can arise in respect of moneys had and received by the def
endant for the use and for the benefit of the defendant; thirdly, it can arise in respect of moneys had and received by the defendant for the use and benefit of the plaintiff; and fourthly it can arise in respect of what is known as quantum meruit.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Turning now to the evidence, this falls into two parts, the first that in respect of the alleged payment of the sum of \'a3
6 per month pursuant to the agreement, the second that in respect of the amount of \'a3200 alleged to have been spent on material and labour by the Plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1501\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1501\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
The Plaintiff alleges that he paid to the Defendant \'a36 per month from the time of the agreement with the Defendant from and including the month of June, 1954, up until the month of October, 1961 a total of \'a3534.\~\~He has produced two registrati
on slips for two letters which he says contained money that\~\~he sent to the Defendant while he was working in Tavenui in September and October, 1959.\~The Defendant agreed that he had received payments of \'a3
6 per month from the Plaintiff while th elatter was in Tavenui but says that they were for payment to the Plaintiff\rquote s father.\~\~
In view of the fact that it would have been easier for the Plaintiff to have sent moneys to his father through the post office at Nasouri I find it impossible to accept this explanation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 There is considerable corroboration of the Plaintiff\rquote 
s version of the original agreement in the evidence of Ram Lakhan who says that when the Defendant was trying to raise the mortgage he and the Plaintiff told him both of them would make the paymnets.\~
Incidentally after the disagreement between them in 1961 when Ram Lakhan approached the Defendant at the request of the Plaintiff while the Plaintiff insisted that he made monthly payments on the house the Defendant claimed that these payments were in 
respect of boarding and lodging.\~\~If that admission is taken against them then the payments he received were in respect of the house.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
Generally the Plaintiff gave a clear and straight forward version of events and was supported by responsible and believable witnesses.\~
The Defendant impressed me most unfavourably, he was evasive in cross examination and his brother Bidesi appeared to be acting as his messenger from inside the Court to his witnesses outside.\~\~I have no hesitation whatsoever in accepting the e
vidence of the Plaintiff and his witnesses and find as fact that he paid to the Defendant the total sum of \'a3534 pursuant to an agreement made by them in 1954.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Coming next to the Plaintiff's claim in respect of repairs. He says that he has lost his receipts but claims \'a357.4.0 for materials bought and \'a3
114 for his own labour and labour he employed.\~\~He has produced two receipts for \'a345 paid to Millers Limited some eighteen months before he made the agreement with the Defendant. I doubt very much whether this 
timber was used on the Defendant's premises.\~
The only witness called to give evidence of being paid by he Plaintiff was Mudliar who worked as a plumber for two weekends. The Defendant says that he gave the Plaintiff the moneys to pay this witness. On the e
vidence and the surrounding circumstances Plaintiff has failed to prove that he expended money in the purchase of materials for the Defendant's house or in payment of labour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 I have no doubt at all that he did do some work on the house\~\~\~\~and considerably 
more than the Defendant says. It is equally obvious\~\~\~\~\~\~
that there was never any agreement for payment for his labour and again, in the circumstances, I am forced to hold that he gave his labour gratuitously as a member of the Defendant's family which, in effect, he was.\~\~This part of his claim must fail.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 The remaining question is whether there is any basis in law on which the Plaintiff can support his claim for repayment of the moneys paid to the Defendant.\~
\~I have perused the numerous authorities quoted in the\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 English and Empire Digest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 , Vol. 12, and I can trace no authority under which I can find a basis for allowing the Plaintiff\rquote s claim for repayment of \'a3534 paid for him to the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 Accordingly judgment will be for the Defendant on the claim with costs to be taxed if not agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7822544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
Judgment for defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7822544\charrsid7822544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1972231 
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