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\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid272\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid7198\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1962] 8 FLR 126
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 OURT OF APPEAL OF FIJI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil Jurisdiction
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 VUETI VITI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ROSS DENNEY LTD.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  CARPENTER & CO. (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ROSS DENNEY LTD.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Marsa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4545051\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 k P., Trainor J.A., Knox-Mawer J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 9th February, 14th June 1962}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Execution\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 set off\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 cross judgme\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nts\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
no application or o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for set off\hich\f0 \emdash 
\loch\f0 whether Writ of Fieri Facias by one judgment creditor for full amount of his judgment irregula}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Execution\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 garnishee proceedings\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 attachment of money owing by Sheriff to judgment debtor\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r absolute opposed on ground\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 insurer entitled to the money so owing by subrogation\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 insurer in no better position than judgment debtor\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 money not subject to trust in hands of Sheriff.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Contract\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 subrogation\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 payment by insurer\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 insurer acquires no greater rights by subrogation than those o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f assured.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 9th February, 1959, C & Co. Ltd. (Vueti Viti) obtained judgment in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958 against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 D. Ltd. for \'a3\loch\f0 
423-13-7 and costs. On the 24th January, 1961, in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Ltd. obtained judgment against C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6448486 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 & Co. Ltd. (Vueti Viti) for \'a3\loch\f0 464-17-0 and co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sts. At no time was any applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion made in either action to have one judgment set off against the othe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  On appeal from the dismissal by the Supreme Court of an application by C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6448486 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & Co. Ltd. to have a Writ of Fi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eri Facias issued by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
R.D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10777391\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Ltd. in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 set aside as irregular on the ground that the amount claimed had been offset by the judgment in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958 \hich\f0 \emdash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was nothing on the face of the proceedings to preve\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt the issue of the Writ of Fieri Facias and there is no principle of law that a judgment in one action must be set off against the judgment in another action betwe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en the same parties. Appeal dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 missed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Per KNOX-MAWER J.A.: There is an inherent discretion\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ary power in the court to o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er that judgments be set off but no application was made in the present case for the exercise of such powe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6448486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6448486 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & Co. Ltd. paid to the Sheriff of Fiji under the compulsion of a Writ of Fieri Facias issued by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Ltd. in Civil\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Action No. 340 of 1958, the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 
481-5-1. C. & Co. Ltd. then obtained a Garnishee
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisi in relation to this sum as judgment creditor of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Ltd. in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958. The application to make the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  absolute was resisted upon the gr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ound that the judgment in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 was for the sole benefit of the Legal and General Insurance Society allegedly en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
titled under a right of subroga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion. The Chief Justice stated a case to the Court of Appeal asking whether the right of s
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ubrogation relied upon could defeat the claim, otherwise valid, of a judgment creditor of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
1. The Legal and General Insurance Society, as insurers, could not under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of subrogation acquire any greater rights than those of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. The moneys in the hands of the Sheriff were moneys which he was under a legal obligation to pay to the execution creditor }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 D. Ltd.; they were not held by the Sheriff in trust for any other person or company. As a debt due to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2170893\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 td. they were 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 subject to attach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment by a judgment creditor of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Ltd.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1961] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  487: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Castellain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Preston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid283818\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1883) 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  380; 49 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  29: Re Miller, Gibb & Co. Ltd. [1957] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  266; 101 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sol Jo. 392: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 West of England Fire Insurance Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Isaacs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1897] 1 QB 226; 75 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  564: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Burnand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Rodocanachi Sons & Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1882) 7 App. Cas. 333; 47 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  371: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Goodfellow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Gray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1899] 2 Q.B. 498; 81 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  314: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Randal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Cockran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (1748) 1 Ves Sen 98; 27 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  916: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Re Gre\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er, Napper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Fanshawe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1895] 2 Ch. 217; 72 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  865: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Roberts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1881) 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  319; 46 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  246.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Appeal from dismissal by the Supreme Court of an application to set aside a Writ of Fieri Facias and also a case stated in related proceedings upon an applicat\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion to have a Garnishee O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisi made absolute. The appeal (No. 16 of 1961) and case stated (No. 4 of 1962) were hea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  togethe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 In the appeal Marsack P. and Knox-Mawer J.A. delivered separate judgments and Knox-Mawer J.A. also concurred with the judgmen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t of Marsack P. In the case stated Marsack P. delivered a judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  with which Knox-Mawer J.A. con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
curred. Trainor J.A. delivered a single judgment covering both appeal and case stated, but as it is severable it has been found convenient to divide it into t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he two relevant portions for the purpose of reporting. The facts adumbrated in the headnote are taken from the judgments generally.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A.D. Leys for the appellant and the judgment credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 H.W. Scott for the respondent and the judgment debto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The following\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  judgments were delivered: [14th June, 1962]\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the appeal (No. 16 of 1961).
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MARSACK P.: This is an apeal against the dismissal of an application to set aside a Writ of Fieri Facias issued in Action No. 340 of 1958
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not necessary to set out the fa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cts in any great detail. The Court was informed at the hearing of the appeal by both Counsel for the appellants and Counsel for the Respondents that the name "Vueti Viti" is merely a trade name under which the company W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. is tr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ading in certain areas in Fiji, and that the Court may proceed upon the basis that Vueti Viti and W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. are one and the same.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Two separate actions were brought in the Supreme Court between the Appellants and Respondents. In Civi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
l Action No. 353 of 1958 the Appellants obtained judgment against the Respondents on the 9th February, 1959, for \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 423.13.7 and costs \'a3\loch\f0 
7.7.0. In Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 the Respondents obtained judgment on the 24th January, 1961, against the Appellant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  for \'a3\loch\f0 
464.17.0 with the appropriate costs. There was no consolidation of these two actions. No counter-claim was filed or notice of set-off given. No application was made before the Court below to set off one judgment against the othe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Further proceedings\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 were taken by each of the successful plaintiffs upon the separate judgments. The further proceeding which requires consideration by this Court is the issue of a Writ of Fieri Facias by the Respondents against the Appellants in respect of the judgment giv
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958. The Appellants applied in the Court below that the Writ should be set aside on the grounds that it was irregular and that the sum in respect of which it was issued was not at the time of the issue of the Writ due and owi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g under that judgment. The learned Acting Chief Justice held that there was no irregularity and he dismissed the application to set aside the Writ.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the hearing of the appeal two grounds were argued by Counsel for the Appellants:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that no money was \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in fact owing by the Appellants to the Respondents at the time of issue of the Writ;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the Judge in the Court below erred in law and in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in holding that the judgment in Action No. 340 was not offset by the judgment in Action No. 353.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I can fin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d no substance in either of these grounds of appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
At the time the Writ was issued there was a judgment in favour of the Respondents against the Appellants in Action No. 340. No steps had been taken or application made to set off the judgment in Action \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
No. 353 against this, and at the time of the issue of the Writ the judgment in Action No. 340 subsisted in full force and effect. The judgment itself is the best evidence that the sum concerned was owing by the Appellants to the Respondents. There was not
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing whatever on the face of the proceedings to prevent the issue of a Writ of Fieri Facias. While that judgment s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15170988\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tood unchallenged there could,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in my opinion, be no irregularity in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4209663\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 taking whatever further proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ings were available upon the judgment.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 unable to find any authority laying down the principle that the Judge of the Court dealing with the matter, or the Sheriff to whom a Writ of Fieri Facias is directed, must necessarily set off any other judgment there may be between the parties against th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t in respect of which the Writ is issued. Steps, no doubt, could have been taken by the Appellants in this direction before the action reached the stage of final judgment. But when a judgment has been entered, as it has been in this case in Action No. 340
,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it is, in my view, quite competent for the successful plaintiff to take such further proceedings on that judgment as may be open to him in the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inary course of law. There is nothing on the reco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to prevent the issue of further proceedings upon that jud\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gment, and I can find no obligation on the part of either the Judge or the Sheriff to hold up the issue of those proceedings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the result I would dismiss the appeal. I would o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r that the Respondents have their costs against the Appellants which I woul\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d fix at twenty guineas and disbursements.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KNOX-MAW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ER J.A.: I concur with the above judgment and the reasons for it, and agree with the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r proposed as to costs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 TRAINOR J.A.: This is an appeal against a judgment of the acting Chief Justice refusing to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  make an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er to set aside a writ of fieri facias issued at the request of Ross Denney Limited (hereinafter referred to as "the respondents") which W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter and Co. (Fiji) Ltd. (hereinafter called "the appellants") had applied for, and which appeal 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 at the same time as a case stated by the learned acting Chief Justice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts are as follows:\hich\f0 \emdash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 6th November, 1958 the respondents claimed from the appellants damages for loss sustained by reason of the negligence of the apellants in c
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arrying electric pl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ant the property of the respond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ents. On the 24th January, 1961 judgment for \'a3\loch\f0 464-17-0, with costs of the action, were awa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed to the respondents. This action will hereinafter be referred to as "Civil Action No. 340 of 1958".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 4th \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 December, 1958 the appellants sued the respondents for \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
423-13-7, a balance due for goods sold and delivered, and obtained judgment for this amount and \'a3\loch\f0 7-17-0 costs on the 9th February, 1959. (This action will hereinafter be referred to as "Civil Action \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 N
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o. 353 of 1958".)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The electric plant, the damage to which gave rise to Civil Action No. 340 of 1958, had been insured with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Legal and General Insur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ance Society Limited, and the insurers had paid the respondents for their loss before Civil Action No. 34\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
0 of 1958 was instituted. Before the insurers paid the respondents the respondents wrote to them on the 14th October, 1958 as follows:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dear Sir,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In consideration of the payment of our claim for loss or damage in respect of the undermentioned goods insure\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d under Policy No. 1932, we hereby assign to you all our rights of recovery from thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We undertake also to provide any further information and to take any further steps and assist you in any way you may reasonably require in o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13580436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er that you may o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 btain such recovery.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Any cost that may necessarily be incurred in so doing are to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 borne by you.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Yours faithfully
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ross Denney Limited.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Neither judgment was satisfied and on the 20th July, 1961 the respondents issued a writ of fieri facias and on the 2\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
6th July, 1961 the appellants did likewise. The appellants withdrew their writ and on the 28th July, 1961 addressed a summons to the respondents, their solicitors and the Sheriff of Fiji to attend a Judge in Chambers on the 8th August on the hearing of an
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 application for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
r "that the writ of Fieri Facias issued in this action" (Civil Action 340 of 1958) "on the 20th July, 1961 directed to the Sheriff of Fiji and all proceedings thereunder may be set aside as irregular or that it should not have issued
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  on the grounds that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the sum which is by the endorse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ment of the said writ directed to be levied was not at the time of the issue of the said writ due and owing on the said judgment having been off-set by the judgment obtained against the plaintiff,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2038113 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Carpenter and Co. (Fiji) Limited as the plaintiff in Action No. 353 of 1958 in this Honourable Court, and that the costs of this application be paid to the plaintiff".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 no point was ever made that the defendants were styled\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Vueti Viti and that no such legal entity exists but in an affidavit in support of the summons in Chambers the secretary of the appellants admitted that "The defendant . . . in fact and in law is the said W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2038113 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Carpenter and Co. (Fiji) Ltd". In this affidav\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
it the appellants claimed to be entitled to set off their judgment in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958 against the judgment obtained in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958. The only reply thereto was an affidavit filed by one, Sydney George Gould, the Attorney in Fi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 j\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
i of the Legal and General Assurance Society Limited. In that affidavit he said: "That on the 6th November, 1958 proceedings were instituted in this Honourable Court in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 by the Legal and General }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Assurance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Society Limited under i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ts right of subrogation with the firm of Ross Denney Limited as Plaintiff and the firm of Vueti Viti as defendant" and claimed that the appellant was not entitled to set off the judgment obtained in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958 against the judgment obtain
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958. He further claimed that if the appellants were entitled to a set-off the respondents would have the benefit of a double indemnity; and also that it would be against the principles of equity and contrary to the doctrine o
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  subrogation if the appellants were entitled to the set off.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is surprising that this affidavit was admitted. The insurers were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1729294\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
strangers to the proceedings and, while entitled to any benefits that might accrue to the respondents by virtue of subrogatio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n, were not entitled to be hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as a party to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he action on the motion in Cham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bers. The position is, as was said b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y Diplock J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Yorkshire Insur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance Co. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1961] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  487 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 491: "It is also an implied term of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he contr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 act" (contract of assur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ance) "that if it is within the power of the assured to reduce the amount of the loss for which he had received payment from the insurer, by exercising remedies against thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties, he must do so on being indemnified by the insurer\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 against the costs involved. Since such remedies are personal to the assured they must be exercised in his own name . . . But in the action brought in the name of the assured pursuant to the equitable remedy it is the assured who recovers judgment against
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  party and the judgment can be satisfied only by payment to him. When he receives it the insurer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 can recover from him at common law, as money had and received, such sum as he has overpaid to the assured under the contract of insurance." The learne
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d acting Chief Justice hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the application to set aside the writ of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid6448486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fieri facias}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and dismissed it, and against his dismissal the appellants have appealed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellants paid over to the Sheriff the amount due by reason of the judgment and on the 28th A\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ugust, 1961 obtained a garnishe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  nisi attaching it.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the hearing before the acting Chief Justice to make the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  absolute an affidavit filed by the respondents was read in which was the following paragraph:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "5. That the said judgment of this Ho\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nourable Court in Action No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid11959416\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
340 of 1958 accrues to and is for the sole benefit of the Legal and General Insurance Society Limited under its right of subrogation, the firm of Ross Denney Limited having lent its name solely so that the said Legal and Genera
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l Insurance Society Limited could indemnify itself in rega}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to monies paid out to the said Ross Denney Limited by reason of the negligence of W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2038113 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Carpenter and Co. (Fiji) Limited trading as Vueti Viti the Defendant in the said Action No. 340 of 1958}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15277870\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 caused loss to the said Ross Denney Limited." On behalf of the respondents it was urged that the Sheriff held the money in trust for the Legal and General Insurance Society by operation of law. It was further urged by the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s that unless the money\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  recover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed by them was paid to the Insurance Society they the respondents, would receive a double indemnity.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellants maintained that the Sheriff was not a trustee, and that no trust could exist in the money until it reached the hands of the respond
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ents, and so it was liable to be attached while in the hands of the Sheriff. At the conclusion of the argument the acting Chief Justice decided to state a case to this Court a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd did so in the follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing terms: "In these circumstances can the Insurers, the L\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
egal and General Insurance Society Limited, exercise their rights of subrogation to defeat the claim of a Judgment Creditor of Ross Denney Ltd., who is otherwise entitled to an O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Absolute in respect of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 monies now in Court in these proceedings". The\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 appeal against the refusal by the learned acting Chief Justice of an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er to set aside the writ of fieri facias and the case stated were, with the consent of both parties, hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  togethe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Notice of appeal sought an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er that the whole of the judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt "dismissing the said application except that part thereof which held that the writ of Fieri Facias in question was not irregular may be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reversed, and that an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er may be made on the said application as sought therein with costs of the application" and \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the costs of the appeal or such other o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r as to the Court of Appeal shall seem just.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The grounds of appeal, summarised, are that the learned acting Chief Justice erred in law and in fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in not holding that the respond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ents' judgment was set off agai
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nst that of the appellants and that on the balance there was nothing due to the respondents, therefore the relief sought in the alternative in the Summons should have been granted.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is no doubt, as Counsel for the appellant concedes, the relief sough\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t in the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ummons is most unhappily wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 In fact the whole purpose of such an application appears to be misconceived.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I know of no principle of law to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ffect that a judgment in one action must be set off against another; or that a writ of fieri faci\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as may not issue on a judgment if there exists another judgment in which the judgment creditor is the ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dgment debtor in the first judg}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment, except for the balance after set off. The alternative o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er sought was for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er "that it" (the writ of fieri fa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cias) "should not have issued on the grounds that the sum which is to be levied was not at the time of the issue of the said writ due and owing on the said judgment obtained against the plaintiff by W. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter and Co. (Fiji) Ltd. as the plai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4877908\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntiff in Ac\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion No. 353 of 1958 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4877908\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4877908\charrsid12194413 .}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" But there is no automatic set-off of two separate and distinct judgments. It is perfectly true that an application may be made to a judge at Chambers for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14969138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er permitting so much of a judgment in a case as represents damages \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to be set off against a judgment in another case in which the parties are the same; but this is a matter in the discretion of the judge. A case in point is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Goodfellow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Gray}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4877908\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1899]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 QB 498.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The alternative claim in the application to the acting Chief Jus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tice was not for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  permitting a set off but for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that the writ of fieri facias should not have issued on the grounds that the sum stated in the writ was not due and owing because it had been set off. Counsel for the appellants in his argumen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t on the appeal suggested that this Court should consider whether there should be a set off as if there should the result would be that there would be nothing due by the appellant and therefore the writ of fieri facias would be satisfied. With respect to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he very able argument presented by Counsel that question is not before this Court any more than it was before the Court below. Had the acting Chief Justice been asked to consider that question he would have exercised his discretion as he thought fit and i
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 he did so adversely to the appellants it would be for this Court on appeal to consider how he had exercised it; but the question was never before him. At no time during the hearing at Chambers, or in this Court, did the appellants seek to amend their app
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ication and I respectfully agree with the decision of the learned acting Chief Justice that the writ of Fieri Facias was not irregular, as the appellants now concede, and that the appellants were not entitled to the relief sought. Acco}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ingly I would dismi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ss this appeal with costs.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
KNOX-MAWER J.A.: The facts giving rise to this appeal are as follows. On 6th November, 1958, Ross Denney Ltd. issued a writ against Vueti Viti claiming damages for negligence. This action, No. 340 of 1958, was defended and the d
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efence was filed on 8th November, 1958. No point was taken at that time or subsequently that the defendant should have been styled "W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing as Vueti Viti". Since no issue is now raised in this respect I shall in this judgme
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt use the designation "Carpenter's (Vueti Viti)" to describe the limited liability company W. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd., which company has a registered business name Vueti Viti \hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 irrespective of the particular description elsewhere employed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On 4th D\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ecember, 1958, Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) issued a writ against Ross Denny Ltd. claiming \'a3\loch\f0 
423.13.7 as the balance due for goods sold and delivered. This action, No. 353 of 195}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11739908\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , was not defended and Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) obtained judgment for \'a3\loch\f0 423.13.7 an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d \'a3\loch\f0 
7.7.0 costs against Ross Denney Ltd. on 9th February, 1959.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 was not entered for trial until 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  July, 1959. The particular facts relating to this action, No. 340 of 1958, were these. Ross Denney Ltd. o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed an electric l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ighting plant. This plant was received at Savusavu wharf by Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) for delivery to Ross Denney Ltd. During the course of delivery the plant fell into the sea. The plant had been insured with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Legal and General Assurance Society Ltd. fr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 om whom Ross Denney Ltd. received the \'a3\loch\f0 439.5.1, being the agreed loss for the plant (in fact the Assurance Company paid the moneys to a thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  party at Ross Denney's request) . By letter dated 14th October, 1958, Ross Denney Ltd. purported to assign to the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Insurance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 "all our rights of recovery from thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 parties". The Insurance Company did not give express notice of any assignment to Carpenter's (Vueti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Viti)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The Insurance Company relied on their rights of subrogation. Action No. 340 of 1958 was thus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 commenced in the name of Ross Denney Ltd. Judgment was obtained by Ross Denney Ltd. in this action against Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) on 24th January, 1961, for \'a3\loch\f0 
464.17.0 (damages for negligence), and costs. On 20th July, 1961, Ross Denney Ltd. issued a Wr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
t of Fieri Facias against Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) directed to the Sheriff of Fiji commanding him to levy execution upon the goods and chattels of Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) for the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 
464.17.0 plus costs and interest. On 26th July, 1961, Carpenter's (\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 V\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ueti Viti) issued a Writ of Fieri Facias against Ross Denney Ltd. for the amount of the judgment debt in Civil Action No. 353 of 1958 but later withdrew it. Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) issued a summons returnable before the learn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed Acting Chief Justice in Cha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mbers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
applying for an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that "the Writ of Fieri Facias issued in Action No. 340 of 1958, directed to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Sheriff of Fiji, and all pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ceedings thereunder be set aside as irregular, or that it should not have issued on the grounds that the sum which, by \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the endorsement of the said writ directed to be levied, was not at the time of the issue of the said writ due and owing on the said judgment, having been off-set by the judgment obtained against Ross Denney Ltd. by Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) in Action No. 3
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3 of 1958". The learned Acting Chief Justice dismissed this application. It is against this dismissal that this appeal is brought.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14578842\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 After the dismissal of this application, Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) paid to the Sheriff of Fiji, under the compulsion of the W
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 rit of Fieri Facias issued in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958, the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 481.5.1. On 28th August, 1961, Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) obtained a Garnishee O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Nisi attaching in its favour, as the judgment creditor of Ross Denney Ltd. in Civil Action No. 353 of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  1958, this sum of \'a3\loch\f0 481.5.1 held by the Sheriff of Fiji. When}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter's (Vueti Viti) subse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
quently came before the learned Acting Chief Justice in Chambers for this Garnishee O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisi to be made absolute, it was opposed by Ross Denney Ltd. The Sheriff h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ad paid the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 481.5.1 into Court to abide a decision therein.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Those are the facts giving rise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to this appeal. While the memo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 randum of appeal sets out five grounds of appeal, M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Leys for the appellant has argued the case on general grounds. It is hi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s contention that when the summons of 20th July, 1961, came before him the learned Judge should have set off the two judgments, one against the other, in exercise of an inherent jurisdiction to do so. I do not consider it necessary to refer to the authori
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ies upon which M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Leys has relied to establish that such an inherent jurisdiction to set off judgments exist. I have no doubt that there is such a discretionary powe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  In my opinion, the question to be decided is whether, upon the summons before him, the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
learned Judge was correct in dismissing the application. That summons asked for the Writ of Fieri Facias to be set aside on the grounds that it was irregular, or should not have been issued because the sum for which it was issued was not at the time due a
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d owing to Ross Denney Ltd. This Writ of Fieri Facias was issued in respect of the judgment debt in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958. At the time when it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3291136\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 issued the judgment debt was un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
satisfied. The learned Acting Chief Justice was not asked in the summon\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s to exercise any inherent powers to set off judgments. He was asked to say that the Writ of Fie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3291136\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ri Facias was irregular and/or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that the judgment debt in Civil Action No. 340 of 1958 was not then due. The applicant Company could neither show that the Writ o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f Fieri Facias was irregular, nor that the sum in respect of which it was issued (the judgment debt in Action No. 340 of 1958) was not due under that judgment at the time of the issue of the Writ of Fieri Facias. The learned Judge was, therefore, in my op
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nion perfectly correct in dismissing the application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3291136\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I would therefore dismiss this}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appeal with costs in favour of the respondent, Ross Denney Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the case s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tated (No. 4 of 1962)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 MARSACK J.: The question submitted in the Case Stated for the answer \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of this Court is neither lengthy nor complicated. To answer it, it is necessary in my opinion to determine just what is the legal liability of the Sheriff in respect of the moneys held in his hands, and the precise extent of the rights acquired by the Leg
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l and General Assurance Society Ltd. under its rights of subrogation.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As to the obligations and liabilities of the Sheriff with rega}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to the moneys held in his hands, it must be kept in mind that, to be capable of attachment, there must be in existence, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at the date when the attachment becomes operative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , something which the law recog}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nises as a debt: 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Halsbury's Laws of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ed.) 81. If}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 there is a debt in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 existence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 then the moneys payable thereunder may be attached by means of garnishee proceedin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gs. If the relation of debtor and creditor does not exist between the person holding the sum concerned and the judgment debtor, then this sum cannot in general be attached by means of garnishee proceedings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is the duty of the Sheriff to hand the procee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ds of the execution, after deducting his costs, to the judgment creditor, and if he does not do so he or his personal representatives may be sued for moneys had and received: 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Halsbury's Laws of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ed.) 21. Once the Sheriff has levied a sum of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 money under a writ of execution, therefore, a debtor-and-creditor relation arises between the Sheriff and the judgment creditor, whereunder he becomes indebted to the judgment creditor for the amount levied, less his costs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the course of the argument \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Counsel for the insurers urged that the moneys held by the Sheriff are trust funds which are not subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to attachment; funds which by reason of the rights acquired by the insurers by subrogation are subject to a trust in favour of the insurers and therefo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
re not liable to attachment in favour of the judgment credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I can, however, find no authority for the proposition that the moneys held by the Sheriff are subject to a trust in such a way that they may not be taken in execution by a judgment credito}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  T\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
hey represent, in my view, a simple debt due from the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sheriff to the Company at whose instance execution was levied in the first place, and consequently are attachable in proceedings taken on behalf of a judgment creditor of that Company.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It thus becomes \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
necessary to determine and to define the rights acquired by the insurers under the doctrine of subrogation. It must be noted that although there was in fact an assignment from Ross Denney Ltd. to the insurers no notice of that assignment was given to the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 j\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 udgment creditor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd.; and the Case Stated expressly asks that the question be answered on the basis of subrogation.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the hearing before this Court a great many authorities were cited in the argument of Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . These have be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en carefully con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sidered, but it does not seem necessary to refer to them in any great detail. What has to be determined is the time at which the paramount right of the insurers attaches to any particular moneys payable to the insured, by virtue of the doct
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rine of subrogation. Subrogation is thus defined in 22 Hals. 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ed. 261:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"Subrogation in the strict sense of the term expresses the right of the insurers to be placed in the position of the insured so as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to be entitled to the advantage of all the rights\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and remedies which the assured possesses against thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties in respect of the subject matte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find myself unable to accede to the contention of M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Scott that the insurers can acquire, by this doctrine of subrogation, greater rights against thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  pa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rties than the rights the assured himself possesses.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1961] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  487 the incidents of subrogation are explained by Diplock J. at p. 490 in these wo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-810\shptop12661\shpright2231\shpbottom12661\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr2\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 8890}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dhgt}{\sv 251679744}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dpline\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx3041\dppty0
\dpx-810\dpy12661\dpxsize3041\dpysize0\dplinew14\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Subrogation' is concerned solely with 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the mutual rights and liabilities of the parties to the contract of insurance. It confers no rights and imposes no liabilities on thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties who are strangers to the contract. It vests in the insurer who has paid a loss no direct rights or remedies agai
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nst anyone other than the assured."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It seems to me that this sets out very s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uccinctly the principles applic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
able to the matter now before the Court. The insurers cannot by virtue of the doctrine of subrogation acquire any rights against the Sheriff directl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y; their rights are against the assured company, Ross Denney Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Considerable stress was laid on the decision of Wynn-Parry J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Re Miller, Gibb & Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1957] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  266 and the extracts cited therein from the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Castellai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid2512445\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Preston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (188\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3) 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 380; and the learned Judge who stated the case for this Court appeared to be impressed by this decision as being in favour of the Insurance Company. But even in that case there is no suggestion that the insurers can acquire any greater rights tha
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n those of the assured. A passage from the oft-quoted judgment of Brett L.J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Castel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid2512445\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Preston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  reads:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "In o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to apply the doctrine of subrogation it seems to me that the full and absolute meaning of the wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must be used, that is to say the insur\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er must be placed in the position of the assured."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The very wide definition given by Brett L.J. of the rights acquired by the doctrine of subrogation commences with the phrase:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"As between the underwriter and the assured the underwriter is entitled to th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e advantage of every right of the assured."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is important to note the qualification "as between the underwriter and the assured".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The main bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en of the judgment of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Castel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Preston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was that the assured must in no circumstanc
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es obtain a double indemnity, and that the operation of the doctrine of subrogation has as its main object the prevention of this double indemnity. It was strongly urged by M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Scott that if the money held by the Sheriff is paid over not to the insurers bu
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t to W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2038113 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. under the garnishee o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er, then the assured Ross Denney Ltd. will have obtained a double indemnity; in that they will have received credit from the Agricultural and Industrial Loans Boa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in respect of the money origina\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lly paid by the insurers, and will also have received credit for the sum held by the Sheriff as against their indebtedness to the judgment creditor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. But the right of the Insurance Company to re-imbursement would still subsis\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t as against Ross Denney Ltd., although admittedly that right would be of no value because of the fact that Ross Denney Ltd. is in liquidation. As the matter was put during the argument, it is just a question as to which of the two companies suffers the l
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ss arising from liquidation of Ross Denney Ltd., that is to say the insurers or the judgment creditor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
W.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There can be no doubt that once the moneys were received by Ross Denney Ltd. or the liquidator there would be a trust in
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  favour of the insurers under the doctrine of subrogation. As was stated in Re Miller, Gibb & Co. Ltd. at 271:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Therefore if (which did not h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appen) the sterling sum in ques}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion had been received by the company the company would thereupon have become the t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rustee thereof for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 department" (i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. the insurers)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
West of England Fire Insur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid14876817\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nce Company }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Isaacs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1897] 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  226 makes it clear that the insurer is entitled to recover }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 from the assured}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  not merely the value of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 any benefit received by him by way of compensation from other sources in excess of his actual loss but also the full value of any rights of the assured against thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties which the assured has renounced. It is the assured who owes the obligation to the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  insurers, but not thi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Burnand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Rodocanochi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1882) 7 AC 333,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5581852\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blackburn L.J. says at p. 339:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"If the indemnifier has already paid it then if anything which diminishes the loss goes into the hands of the person to whom he has paid it it becom\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
es an equity that the person who has already paid the full indemnity is entitled to be recouped by having that amount back."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As Atkinson J. says of this passage in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Meacock }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Bryant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1942] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  661 at 664:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4467672\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "One could not get a principle laid down in c
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 learer language than that."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The time when the right of the insurers to particular moneys arises}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is when those moneys pass into the hands of the assured who has been previously indemnified by the insurers.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my opinion, therefore, the moneys in the hands\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the Sheriff are moneys which he is under a legal obligation to pay over to the execution creditor Ross Denney Ltd., and those moneys are not held by the Sheriff in trust for any ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 her person or company; they con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stitute a debt due from the Sheriff to Ro
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ss Denney Ltd. and, there-fore, are subject to attachment on behalf of a judgment creditor of Ross Denney Ltd. Under the doctrine of subrogation the insurers do not acquire a right to payment to them of such moneys until they actually come into the hands 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f the assured, namely Ross Denney Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Company Ross Denney Ltd. could not, in my opinion, demand that the Sheriff ignore the garnishee o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er and pay the sum held by him to the company despite the attachment. As the insurers cannot under the principle \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of subrogation acquire any greater rights than those of Ross Denney Ltd., then the insurers, whether acting in their own name or in the name of Ross Denney Ltd., cannot compel the Sheriff to pay out to them or to the company in disrega}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rights of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he creditor who has attached those moneys. That being so I am of opinion that the judgment creditor W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. is entitled to an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r absolute in the garnishee proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ings. The question asked in the Case Stated should acco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ingly, in\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  my opinion, be answered in the negative. I would also o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 W.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Carpenter & Co. (Fiji) Ltd. should have the costs of the argument on the Case Stated which I would fix at 25 guineas and disbursements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11490511\charrsid12194413 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-1256\shptop14042\shpright7711\shpbottom14042\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr2\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz1\shplid1027{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 69850}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dhgt}{\sv 251683840}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8193\dpline\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx8967\dppty0
\dpx-1256\dpy14042\dpxsize8967\dpysize0\dplinew110\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KNOX-MAWER J.A.: I concur with the above judgme\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt and the reasons for it, and agree with the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r proposed as to costs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
TRAINOR J.A.: In dealing with the case stated I do not consider any lengthy consideration is necessary as to whether the Legal and General Insurance Society were subrogated to Ross \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Denney Ltd. or not. As far back as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Randal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 chran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1748) 1 Ves. Sen. 98 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
circumstances by virtue of which subrogation arises were considered, and I think it is sufficient to say that unquestionably the Legal and General Insurance Society Ltd. were sub\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rogated to Ross Denney Ltd.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The result of subrogation is clearly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and lucidly set out in the judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment of Brett L.J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Castellain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Preston}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1883) 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at page 388 (a judgment which Diplock J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 upra) described as "a classic judgment") and I think the following extract from it covers the position in the instant case. "In o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er to apply the doctrine of subrogation it seems to me that the full and absolute meaning of the wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  must be used, that is t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
o say, the insurer must be placed in the position of the assured . . . as between the underwriter and the assured the underwriter is entitled to the advantage of every right of the assured . . . But it will be observed that I use the wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s 'of every right \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of the assured'. I think that the rule does require that limit". In his judgment (at p. 390) Brett L.J. quoted from the judgment of Chitty J. in the case which was under appeal 'What is the principle of subrogation? On payment the insurers are entitled to
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 enforce all the remedies, whether in contract or in tort, which the insured has against thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties, whereby the insured can compel such thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parties to make good the loss insured against', and said "I should venture to add this 'and if the assured enfo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rces or receives the advantages of such remedies, the insurers are entitled to receive from the assured the advantages of such remedies' ". Later in his judgment he said, with reference to a settlement arrived at between the assured and a thi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  party who h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ad been liable to the assured for the injury giving rise to the insurers F having to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1537046\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fulfill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  their contract of indemnity, "The insurer is equitably entitled to recover to the extent of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e benefit so received" (P 160).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs24\super\insrsid1537046 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid1537046 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1537046 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  This re
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ference has not been traced \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \endash \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ed.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Thus the Legal and General Insurance S\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ociety Ltd. having been subrogated to Ross Denney Ltd. were entitled to the advantage of every right of the assured. But they were not entitled to any greater right as suggested by Counsel for the Respondents. The position between the insurers and the ass
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 red in the instant case is, in my opinion, the same as that referred to in the Judgment of Diplock J. in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Yorkshire Insurance Co. Ltd. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Nisbet Shipping Co. Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  cited above; the insurers not having, in the circumstances of the instant case, acquired an
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y rights from the letter of the 14th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  October, 1958 which they did not have under the implied term of the contract of assurance.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft0\shptop1378\shpright619\shpbottom3739\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbxignore\shpbypage\shpbyignore\shpwr2\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz2\shplid1029
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\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\nocwrap\nooverflow\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin144\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs21\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A
\par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxpage\dobypage\dodhgt8194\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li144\ri0\sb955\sa1191\sl-205\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\nocwrap\nooverflow\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin144\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs21\insrsid12921342 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A
\par }}\dpx0\dpy1378\dpxsize619\dpysize2361\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat1\dplinehollow}}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In the course of argument before this Court reference was made to an assignment by the respond\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ents to the insurers of their rights against the appellants. Suffice it to say on this that as the only right the respondents had at the time of the letter referred to was a right to litigate on a tort, such right was not assignable.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If an assured who has\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  subrogated to his insurers takes proceedings against the thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  party and fails to recover the damages awa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d and has to execute his judgment by way of a writ of fieri facias any money or proceeds which the Sheriff obtains he holds on behalf of the judgme\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nt creditor, and only the judgment creditor can give him a discharge for it. There is no question here of him holding in trust for the party subrogated to the judgment creditor; such a person is a stranger to the proceedings "The result of the authorities
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ... is that the sheriff holds the money to the use of the judgment creditor, and is liable to be sued in an action for money had and received" per Chitty J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In re Greer, Napper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Fanshawe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1895] 2 Ch 217 at 221. In the instant case the money in the hand
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s of the Sheriff belongs to the respondents.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Reference has been made during the hearing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Roberts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Death}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1882) 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  319 but that case is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 analogous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10173106\charrsid12194413 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin-333\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I would answer the question raised by the learned acting Chief Justice in the case stated by sayin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
g that no trust attaches to the money in the hands of the Sheriff, that it is the property of the respondents and that the Legal and General Insurance Society are not entitled to be hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to defeat the appellants' claim for an o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12921342 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r that the garnishee o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rde}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r nisi be made absolute. I would awa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2390445 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7156103\charrsid12194413 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the appellants their costs of the case stated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12194413\charrsid12194413 
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