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(}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12011809 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1958-1959] 6 FLR 95 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid1906699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12011809 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid13507159 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13507159 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid1906699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12011809 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 1959 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HARI NARAYAN SINGH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellant \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3886943 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12011809 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3886943 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12011809 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Respondent \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3886943 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sale of liquor witho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid675676\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ut a licence authorizing sale-s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 48 Liquor Ordinance (Cap. 209)-witness called afte\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r close of prosecution case to prove n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o licence-prior submission of "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no case"-onus of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof as to licence-whether pur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 chaser of liquor an accomplice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid675676\charrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid675676\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .-(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) The trial court had a discretion to call a witness after the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 close of the prosecution case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2)\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The discretion was exercised judicially and could be exercised after a submission th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at there was no case to answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) The onus of proof that he had a licence authorizing him to sell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the liquor was on the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) An innocent purchaser of liquor fr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om a person who has no licence to sell is not an accomp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lice in the offence of selling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159\charrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ellis Work ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., 264 should not be followed.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid1906699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases cited:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ellis Work ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3. F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8412366 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9182397\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 264; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9182397\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Davies v. D.P.P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 954)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9182397\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 507; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bechu ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 374; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jenks v. Turpin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1884)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 13 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 505; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ah Ben ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 272; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Mulji Bhanji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 14 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 108; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chang Wah Bew ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 267; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . v. Mohammed Sharif Dossa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 13 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 100; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . v. Oliver} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1943)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 All E}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid12212486 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 800; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kariuki v. Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 21 E}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 203; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Dora Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 20 Cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 86; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1940)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 402; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Middleton v. Rowlett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1954)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 277; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re John McKenna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1956) 40 Cr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., 65.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. M. Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3083329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid14180909 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13507159 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J. F\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . W. Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid14180909 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , Cro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7041286 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wn Counsel, for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid14180909 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LOWE, C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [29th January, 1959]- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was convicted of the offence of selling liquor without a licence contrary to section 48 of the Liqu}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or Ordinance, Cap. 209. The evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dence disclosed that one Jolam\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Jale went to the service station of the appellant and there purchased one dozen cans of beer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13653501\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a cost of 2/6 per can. He went subsequently to the station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2695671 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but, as he said, he was then "caught by the Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". He told the Police of his first purchase and a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ction was taken against the appellant. It was disclosed in evidence at the trial that, over a period, the appellant had bought considerable quantities of beer and other intoxicating liquor from various sources and much was found on the premises}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2695671 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid9466931 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13507159 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 After the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prosecution's case had closed, Mr. Koya for the appellant argued that there was no case to answer as the prosecution had not proved that the appellant had no licence to sell the liquor. The trial court thought that it could take judicial notice of the fa \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t that no licence had been issued to the appellant, as the Magistrate was himself the licensing authority. No such judicial notice could have been taken for various reasons, and particularly as, in normal circumstances, affirmative evidence would be neede \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to identify the licensee with the person accused who would require an opportunity to cross-examine. In any event, the learned Magistrate decided that a witness could be called to prove that no licence was, in fact, issued to the appellant authorizing the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sale of intoxicating liquor by him, and this was done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13653501\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Al} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 though the learned Magistrate said that the prosecution may call a witness to prove that there was no such licence, it seems to be apparent that he wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13653501\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , called either by or at the instig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2695671 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ation of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 court itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant elected to give no eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2695671 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce and his conviction followed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3544157 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The main grounds of appeal are as follows:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10956983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid2695671 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3886943\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat the witness J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 olame Jale was an accomplice within the meaning of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8353013\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the word defined in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8353013\charrsid10956983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Davies v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid10956983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Director}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8353013\charrsid10956983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of Public Pr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 osecutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1954)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8353013\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 507 and your petitioner submits that the learned Magistrate erred in law in acting on his uncorroborated testimony and without expressly warning himself that it was dangerous to convict your petitioner on such evidence. Conseq \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uently there has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9862813\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 been a substantial miscarriage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10956983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) That inasmuch as there was no evidence adduced by the prosecution before the close of its case to show that your petitioner did not hold a licence to sell liquor, the learned Magistrate erred\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in law in ruling that there was a case to answer. Your petitioner submits that in accordance with the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Police v. Ah Ben}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reported in 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2375313\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Fiji Law Reports at page 272 such evidence was essential as part of prosecution's case and the learned Magistr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ate ought to have acquitted your petitioner in accordance with section 200 of the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 riminal Procedure Code, Cap. 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10956983 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) That the learned Magistrate erred i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n law in calling Constable Jag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nandan to give evidence after the close of the prosecution's case and a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fter the submission of the defence Counsel to show that your petitioner did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hold a licence to sell liquor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Learned Counsel for the appellant argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that as there was no corrobora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion of the evidence of Jolame Jale (as, he considered, would normally be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 required in the circumstances) the conviction was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 unsound and should be quashed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10956983 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He called in aid the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ellis Work ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 264. The facts in that case are almost the same as the facts in the instant case. With respect, I do not consid\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er that that case was correctly decided and it should not, in the future, be followed. The learned Appellate Judge found that there was no corroboration in the case but, in fact, the brief report seems to indicate that there was. He found also that the me \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e fact of the purchase of beer from the appellant made the purchaser an accomplice. This, of course, is not so because the purchaser was not participating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2375313\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in the com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mission of the offence of selling liquor without a licence with which that appellant was ch\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arged; he was, perhaps, unwittingly assisting that appellant in the commission of the offence by buying beer from him. Counsel referred also to the well known case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Davies v. The Director of Public Prosecutions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1954)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2375313\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 507. In that case it w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as held that in a criminal trial, where a person who was an accomplice gave evidence on beha}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lf of the prose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cution, it was the duty of the Judge to warn the jury that, although they might convict on his evidence, it was dangero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6715951\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 us to do so unless it was corr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 borated, and where the Judge failed to do so the conviction would be quashed, even if, in fact, there was ample corroboration of the evidence of the accomplice, unless there had been no injustice to the accused person. Counsel overlooked the fact }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 judgment went on:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6974980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A person called as a witness for the prosecution was to be treated as an accomplice if he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 particeps criminis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in respect of the actual crime ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arged in the case of a felony."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13962877 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bechu ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 374, the ques\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion was whether or not corroboration of the evidence given by a certain witness was necessary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It was held that that witness "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was not assisting the appellant in conducting the business of the supply of liquor (which was the basis of the charge) and hence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeared to co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11364540\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me within the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11364540\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jenks v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Turpin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1884)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 13 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 505, and thus would not require corroboration." Jenks' case, which is of interest to those who find themselves concerned with offences relating to gambling or common gaming houses, dec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3225864\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ded that persons playing an un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lawful game in a club, were not assisting in the conduct of the establishment even although by so playing they might have subscribed to the profits of the common gaming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 house.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3225864\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the instant case, which-o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f course-is not a fel\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ony, the same principle applies and it must be shown that the witness whose evidence is complained of was in fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 particeps criminis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in respect of the actual offence charged again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st the appellant. The witness J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11364540\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 olame J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ale might have committed some different\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 offence but he certainly was not guilty of an offence insofar as selling liquor without a licence was concerned as the element of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was not present.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ah Ben ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 272 was cited to show that it was the duty of the prosecut \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion to call evidence that the appellant was not the holder of a licence in order to establish a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prima f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 acie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 offence. The deci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion in that case was based on law which has no present application in the Colony and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 does not assist the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid3225864 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As to the con\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tention that the witness Jo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lame Jale was an acomplice, per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 suasive authority to the contrary exists in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Mulji Bhanji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 14 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13442385 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 108. In that case it was held that to render a person an accomplice it was necessary to show that he was guilty of the of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fence charged. It was a case of selling sugar at an excessive price over and above the price fixed by law. The witness had merely bought sugar and was not concerned with the sale of it and was held, therefore, not to be an accomplice. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Mohammed Sha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rif Dossa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 13 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 100, it was held also that the purchaser of a price regulated article at a price in excess of the fixed price was not an accomplice in the seller's offence of selling above the controlled price although he might have been guilty of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 some other offence viz., purchasing at a pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ice above the controlled price.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hang Wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid271227\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h Bew, ats Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 F}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 267, the record dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid271227 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 closed that the presiding Magistrate had called a witness, after the close of the case for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n order to prove that the accused had no licence to sell liquor. It was held on appeal that the Magistrate was entitled to call the witness and had exercised his discretion judicially.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 So it was in the instant case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In my opinion,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it was not necessary for\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence to have been given at the instance of the court or the prosecution regarding the fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14971292\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ct that the appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lant had no licence to sell intoxicating liquor. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4655875\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Oliver,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1943)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 All E}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4655875\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 800, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it was held that:}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6974980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Whether the appellant had a licence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was a fact peculiarly within his own knowledge and proof of the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he had a licence lay upon him."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This case has been cited with approval on many occasions and the law is well e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stablished. Generally speaking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the burden of p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 roof lies upon the prosec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but there are some facts so peculiarly within the knowledge of the accused that the prosecution is not required to give even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 evidence on the point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is no doubt that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12469189\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e prosecution might have known, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or have been able to ascertain,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 whether or not a licence had been issued to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appellant in the instant case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prior to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4655875 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the commencement of the trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but the appellant would be the first one to know whether or not he had such a licence. The allegation had been made in the charge that n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o licence had ever been issued to him and it was for the appellant to rebut that allegation. He did not do so and so the only possible inference was that he had no licence and was selling liquor in contravention of section 48 of the Liquor Ordinance. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Oliver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was followed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kariuki Kamau and O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 thers v. Reginam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 21 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 203. In that case the charge was of being i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n unlawful possession of a fire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arm contrary to certain emergency regulations,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 without lawful authority. Proof was given of the possession o \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f a firearm and it was held that the onus was then upon the appellant to prove that he had lawful authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or excuse for such possession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In any event it could be argued that section 94 of the Ordinance makes the necessary provision regarding the onus of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proof. It is as follows:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6974980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 An}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y exception, exemption, proviso, e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 xcuse, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or qualification whether it does or does not accompany in the same section the description of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the offence in this Ordinance, may be proved by the defendant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but need not be specified o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r negati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ved in the charge or complaint, and,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5444907\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if so specified or negatived, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no proof in relation to the matter so specified or negatived shall be required o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2850089 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the part of the complainant."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 48,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 under w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16390012\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hich the appellant was charged, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 relevant p \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ortion, provides that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6974980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Every person who sells any liquor w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5914208\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ithout holding a licence author}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16390012\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 izing the sale thereof, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shall for the first offence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds or to imprisonment for a p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eriod not exceeding six months, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or both\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 such fine and imprisonment...." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ould, of course, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be exempted from the provisions of that section if he held a licence authorizing him t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o sell intoxicating liquor. Sec}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion 94 permits him to show that he held a licence at the material time \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and shows that the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 need not bring any such proof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid4010544 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The cases of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dora Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 20 Cr.App.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 86; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1940)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 All }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 402, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 were a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8606559\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lso cited. Both of those cases, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9833084\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 however, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 refer to the calling of witnesses on behalf of the prosecution af\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ter the close of the case for the defence and not at the same stage as in the instant case. The law in the former respect is well established and alt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hough the trial Judge has a dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cretion to call a witness even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 after the close of the defence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if it is in t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 interests of justice to do so, }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it should o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6448180\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nly be done, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or the prosecution should only be allowed to call a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid5404898 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 witness in such circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , if some matter has arisen, within the defence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex improviso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Neither of the cases cited has any applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion in the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 instant case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Middleton v. Rowlett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1954)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16351124 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 277, it was shown that at the close of the case for the prosecution, Counsel for the accused submitted that there was no case to answer. The prosecutor contended that the Justices were bound to all\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ow the case for the prosecution to be re-opened so that evidence of identity might be tendered but the Justices refused to allow it. The fact that the accused in that case was the driver of a car which was alleged to have been driven dangerously,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was held \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to be a matter of sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stance, also that the Justices had a discretion in the matter and as, in the circumstances, they were not bound to exerc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ise it in favour of the prosecu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion, the court could not interfere. A similar position arose here and the learned M\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agistrate, I consider, exercised his discreti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617077\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on properly. The head}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 note in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 John McKenna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4681349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1956) 40 Cr.App.R, 65, states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid15021796 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6974980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4681349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A judge has complete discretion whether a witness who has given evidence shall be recalled after the prosecution had close \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d their case and a submission that there is no case to go to the jury has been made by the defence. The Court of Criminal Appeal will not interfere with the exercise of such discretion unless it appears that thereby an injustice has resulted.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7605944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That case c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ited with approval }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Sullivan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 16 Cr.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 121. There is, of course, no difference in the application of that principle whether a witness is called for the first time or is recalled. The learned Magistrate in the instant case was aware of those last \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 two cases and applied his mind to them. He was correctly exercising his judicial discretion in accordance with the law and I am satisfied that there could have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no injustice to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6974980 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is clear, therefore, that the witness Jolame Jale was no\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t an accomplice and, even though no corroboration of his evidence was required, there was in fact some, and possibly sufficient, corroboration because he had bought liquor from the appellant, had reported that fact to the Police and they had found liquor \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n fairly excessive quantities in the pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3481847\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rol station of the un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 licensed appellant. This latter fact tended to connect the appellant with the offence charged. There is some variation as to the date on which the witness purchased the liquor, as was urged on th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e appellant's behalf, but it cannot be denied that he did, in fact, purchase some liquor and any variation in evidence as to the date which might tend to show that the date set out in the charge was wrong is a matter which is of no prejudice to the appell \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt and cannot be permitted to affect the general issue. The authority of the court to call a witness at any stage of the trial is, of course, specifically enacted in section 136 of the Criminal Procedure Code but it must appear to the court that it is ess \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntial to a just decision of the case to call such witness. I need only mention further that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8463966\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it was argued also that the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 visions of section 200 of the Criminal Procedure Code prevent the calling of a witness because it provides that if no case has been m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ade out against an accused, the court is bound to dismiss the case and acquit the accused. Counsel ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4149826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gued that when he submitted "no case} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " the learned Magistrate should have followed section 200 as the prosecution case had closed. Counsel has misinterprete \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d the section. It does not refer to the close of the case for the prosecution but to the close of the evidence in support of the charge. That evidence of course includ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12011809\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es any evidence which might pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 perly have been called by the court. In any event when Cou\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nsel made his submission to the learned Magistra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10028421 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 te, there was a case to answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9203902 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid5918255 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appeal fails and is dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7605944\charrsid7605944 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 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