{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f49\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f50\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f52\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew){\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f55\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic){\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese){\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}
{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}
{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 
Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs48\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs48\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning36\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext1 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16406268 heading 1;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs48 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs48\kerning36 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid16406268 Heading 1 Char;}{
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext16 \spriority0 Default;}{
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM1;}{
\s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM8;}{
\s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM9;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl198\slmult0
\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM2;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl198\slmult0
\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM3;}{
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM4;}{\s23\ql \li0\ri0\sl203\slmult0
\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM5;}{\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl200\slmult0
\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM6;}{
\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM7;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8455810 annotation reference;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext27 \slink28 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8455810 annotation text;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20 
\sbasedon10 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid8455810 Comment Text Char;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon27 \snext27 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8455810 annotation subject;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20 
\sbasedon28 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid8455810 Comment Subject Char;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs16\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f38\hich\af38\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8455810 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16 
\sbasedon10 \slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid8455810 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16406268 citation;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16406268 Hyperlink;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid753884060\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc10\levelnfcn10\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0
\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listname ;}\listid63373166}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid63373166\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp17\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp
\ipgp17\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp17\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp14\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp14\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp16
\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp16\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp17\itap0\li0\ri0
\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid202711\rsid216614\rsid226712\rsid278542\rsid331937\rsid342962\rsid407385\rsid529746\rsid661128\rsid741049\rsid746479\rsid863961\rsid925941\rsid1115997\rsid1264129\rsid1312585\rsid1441798\rsid1447191\rsid1517160\rsid1522665
\rsid1530394\rsid1595870\rsid1730550\rsid1792379\rsid1900854\rsid1929004\rsid1992441\rsid2104569\rsid2241547\rsid2314196\rsid2381449\rsid2383797\rsid2452450\rsid2563955\rsid2644676\rsid2704336\rsid2776704\rsid2966138\rsid3100972\rsid3150409\rsid3347582
\rsid3371360\rsid3413629\rsid3543692\rsid3557271\rsid3678805\rsid3736127\rsid4066978\rsid4071487\rsid4079540\rsid4334841\rsid4410151\rsid4410565\rsid4413077\rsid4539044\rsid4608388\rsid4610245\rsid4675106\rsid4931825\rsid5195235\rsid5258862\rsid5261686
\rsid5270673\rsid5505987\rsid5581516\rsid5600995\rsid5656300\rsid6122609\rsid6449042\rsid6575855\rsid6713052\rsid6754127\rsid6758834\rsid6906065\rsid7302439\rsid7362080\rsid7428205\rsid7481629\rsid7621493\rsid7826384\rsid8092752\rsid8455810\rsid8814369
\rsid8936633\rsid9047209\rsid9205939\rsid9783228\rsid10292941\rsid10293259\rsid10433585\rsid10448592\rsid10833827\rsid10844311\rsid10958020\rsid11024431\rsid11159401\rsid11215281\rsid11228456\rsid11734511\rsid11743188\rsid11757572\rsid11948548
\rsid12602822\rsid12614512\rsid12732173\rsid12734616\rsid12808625\rsid12997629\rsid13000216\rsid13065525\rsid13195381\rsid13255565\rsid13394454\rsid13466155\rsid13568498\rsid13570723\rsid13633065\rsid13643097\rsid13650988\rsid13704587\rsid13771741
\rsid13777551\rsid13895530\rsid13897327\rsid13901902\rsid14239818\rsid14240355\rsid14510646\rsid14577036\rsid14580351\rsid14617983\rsid14907220\rsid15139709\rsid15554554\rsid15806172\rsid15819284\rsid15878329\rsid15938076\rsid15944251\rsid15952146
\rsid16395704\rsid16406268\rsid16520975}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Ela Qica}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2014\mo9\dy24\hr16\min1}
{\revtim\yr2015\mo2\dy18\hr10\min50}{\version33}{\edmins392}{\nofpages20}{\nofwords6562}{\nofchars29820}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws36310}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}
\paperw8495\paperh13459\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701
\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale180\rsidroot7481629 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid7621493\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10433585 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10433585\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
[1958-1959] 6 FLR 123
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10433585\charrsid16520975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10433585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10433585\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10433585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711\charrsid202711 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankruptcy
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711\charrsid202711 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Action No. 3 of 1957
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7621493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10433585\charrsid16520975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid202711 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Mohanlal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (A Debtor)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid202711 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  THE OFFICIAL RECEIVER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Applicant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15554554\charrsid16520975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15554554\charrsid16520975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
BANK OF NEW SOUTH WALES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid202711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15554554 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid15554554\charrsid13568498 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Bankruptcy-fraudulent preference-onus of proof-payment into current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2563955 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 banking account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -dominant intent to prefer bank-Ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13897327\charrsid16520975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nkruptcy Ordinance Section 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2563955 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The debtor, a shopkeeper, operated two c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 urrent accounts with the respon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 dent bank. He had a permitted and secured overdraft of \'a3\loch\f0 300.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5581516\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 By the beginning of December, 1956}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  his total overdraft stood at more than \'a3\loch\f0 
600. His business had, by this time, deteriorated to such an extent that he realized that\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he could not pay all his creditors. The bank was pressing for the reduction of his overdraft to the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5581516\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 greed limit. On December 20th, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 956 he sold his business and received a part of the purchase price, which was instantly paid over to some of his creditors\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  inclu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5581516\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ding the bank, which received \'a3\loch\f0 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 50. He wished to file his bankruptcy petition in the first week of January, 1957 but waited to receive the balance (\'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
709) of the purchase price from the buyer, intending at that time "to bring the cheque (for the \'a3\loch\f0 709)\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 to the Official Receiver". When however, he received the balance of the purchase price on January 14th, 1957 he forthwith paid \'a3\loch\f0 569 thereof into his current accounts at the bank. He also pai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5581516\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d in another small cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 1 12 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . At this point his total ov\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 erdraft stood at \'a3\loch\f0 
721 16 0, but by this payment-in he was enabled to liquidate and close one of his current accounts, and to reduce the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14580351\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 other to a debit balance of \'a3\loch\f0 150 9 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16520975 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 When paying in this money he informed the bank that he had drawn twenty-five post-\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 dated cheques totalling \'a3
\loch\f0 3,133 in favour of various creditors. Two days later he presented his bankruptcy petition, a receiving order was made, and he was adjudicated bankrupt. The Official Receiver was appoi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2383797 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nted his trustee in bankruptcy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2383797 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In this motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Official Receiver sought a declaration that the payment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14580351\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a3\loch\f0 
569 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  0 and \'a3\loch\f0 1 12 0 to the respondent bank constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14580351\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d a fraudulent preference under section 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Chapter 37). The applicant prayed for an order for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4675106 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 repaym
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent to him of these sums.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14580351\charrsid13255565 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13255565 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was contended on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 behalf of the respondent that the applicant had not discharged the onus of proof cast upon him of establishing an intent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5258862\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to prefer because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5258862\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5258862\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7302439 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) the payment into the bank was made under pressure and \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was not therefore a voluntary preference; (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7302439 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) the payment of these cheques into his current accounts was an act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in the ordinary course of busi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ness such as to negative any presum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7302439 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ption of fraudulent preference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid7302439 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7302439 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eld}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .-(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5258862\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) As to the standard of proof, that the question for the court to decide was whether upon the facts in this case a dominant intent in the mind of the debtor to prefer the bank was so much t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5258862\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he most probable of the possible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 explanations of his action in payi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng the cheque into the bank that the court could properly hold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543692 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it to be the true explanation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) That at the particular time when he paid in the cheques the debtor could not have been affected by pressure from }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the bank.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) That the applicant had discha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rged the onus of proving a dominant intent upon the part of the debtor to prefer the bank and that the paym}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3371360\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ent was void under section 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) Bankruptcy Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases Cited:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3371360\charrsid8455810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Hall re Cooper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1882)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  19 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chancery, 580; 51 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch 556; 46 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  549; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Ecclesiastical Commissioners v. Kino }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 14 Ch. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 213; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3371360\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Col}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Home and Colonial Stores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1904)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  179; In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Cutts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1956}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3371360\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  728; 100 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 449 (1956)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13643097\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 ALL}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16406268 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  537}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
; ex parte Sharp v. Jackson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1899)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  419; 68 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  866;,80 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid226712 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 841; 6 Mans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid226712 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  264}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
re Cohen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1950)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  36, C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Peat v. Gresham Trust Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (1934)
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  252}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
; ex parte Hill re Bird}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1883)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  23 Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  695; 52 L}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10833827 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch. 903; 49 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  278; In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Ramsay ex parte Deacon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1913)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  80; 82 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J.K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  526; 108 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  495; 20 Mans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11159401\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  15}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13633065 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13777551 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Bell, ex parte Official Receiver English and Empire Digest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13777551 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , Vol. V; 873; In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Fletcher In re Vaughan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1877)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  6 Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  350; 37 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  282; 25 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13777551 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  870; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7621493 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ex parte Griffiths}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 23 Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid342962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; In }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re M. Kushler Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1943)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid15878329 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  248; 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  194; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ex parte Carlyle Banking Company, re Walton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  36, N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  522; In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 re Lyons ex parte Barclays Bank Limited. v. The Trustee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (1934-35)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Vol. 51, 24; 152 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6122609 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 201.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4413077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3413629 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 References:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15878329 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankruptcy Ordinance, Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 apter 37, S. 17 (8) and S. 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ). Bankruptcy Act, 1914 S. 44; Williams on Bankruptcy, 17th Edition, pages 358 and 260; Halsbury Laws of England, 3rd Edition, V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 olume II, page 558, paragraph 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1312585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 06.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13568498 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. M. N. McFarlane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1312585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 H. M. Scott }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1312585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Rice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1312585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7362080 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KNOX-MA\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 WER, Ag.J. [1st May, 1959]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid7362080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In this motion, the Official Receiver as the trustee in bankruptcy of one Mohanlal seeks a declarat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ion that a payment of \'a3\loch\f0 571 7s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. made by the bankrupt to the respondent bank constituted a fraudulent preference wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hin the me\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aning of section 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance, Cap. 37, and as such is void against the applicant as the trustee in bankruptcy. Accordingly, the applicant seeks an order for the respondent to pay him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 as trustee the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 571 7s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. In arriving at \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a decision in this matter I have been afforded the learned assistance of Counsel, Mr. McFarlane for the applicant and Mr. Scott a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10293259 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nd Mr. Rice for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 46 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance corresponds to section 44 of the English Bankruptcy Act
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1914. As a study of the very considerable body of case law reveals, the English Courts have often experienced gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid5195235 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eat diffi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5195235\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 culty in resolving cases which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 turn on this section. Four condition\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s must be established under the section. Firstly, that on the date in question (in this case 14th January, 1957) the debtor was unable to pay from his own money his debts as they were due. Secondly, that the transaction was in favour of a creditor or some
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 person in trust for a creditor. Thirdly, that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 debtor was adjudged bankrupt wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
thin three months after the date of the transaction. Fourthly, that the debtor acted with the view of giving such creditor a preference over his other creditors. Not unnatural\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ly, it is this fourth condition which gives rise to difficulty in so far as this involves an inquiry into the state of a man's mind. It is apparent from many of the reported decisions that the Courts have often been obliged to arrive at a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 decision upon thi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s awkwar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6575855\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d issue upon the evidence of wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tnesses who have not been over-anxious to assist the Court in resolving the question. In the present case, neither party to the motion has called any witnesses, but both have been content to rely upon the notes of the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Public Examination of the debtor and an affidavit sworn by the Manager of the respondent bank. That the notes of the Public Examination are properly receivable in evidence is made clear by section 17 (8) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance, and see also }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hall re Cooper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1882}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Chancery, 580; 51 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch 556; 46 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6713052 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 549. As for the affidavit, Counsel for the applicant has stated that he does not dispute any of the facts sworn to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6575855\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
therein, but it is, perhaps, un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5195235 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fortunate that the bank official who actually \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dealt with the debtor at the relevant time has not been available to assist the Court. Be that as it may, there appears to be no dispute over those facts as are ascertainable from the notes of evidence and the affidavit. They are as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1900854 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The debtor,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mohanlal, had for some years prior to his bankruptcy carried on a retail business in Suva under the name of D. Mohanlal & Co. He had two accounts with the respondent bank, one styled}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid407385\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1900854 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Mohanla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1900854 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l & Co.", and the other styled "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Mohanlal & Co., City Store"
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 . The bank holds as security from the debtor, in the form of a mortgage, an absolute assignment dated 19th January, 1951, over a life policy for \'a3\loch\f0 
1,000 upon the life of the debtor. An arrangement was made between the debtor and the bank, from November 195\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , whereby the bank allowed him an overdraft to a limit of \'a3\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 300 against this security. Subsequently the bank agreed on a number of occasions to advance further monies in excess of the \'a3\loch\f0 300. This was done upon a short term basis. Indeed the bank found it ne\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 essary either to write to or to interview the debtor on ten occasions between November 1953 and December 1956 in an effort to ensure that his overdraft was reduced to the agreed amount. In March, 1956,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1900854 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  according to the debtor, his "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 position got bad" and he\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 considered selling his business. Business continued to be very poor during 1956. On or about 20th December, 1956, a firm known as South Sea Souvenirs agreed to buy his business for \'a3\loch\f0 
1,000 plus a sum to be ascertained for the stock upon valuation. The deb\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 or informed the bank that this valuation would be for \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
1,000. The debtor thereupon received the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 990 from South Sea Souvenirs. Of this he paid \'a3\loch\f0 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
0 into his bank account styled "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Mohanlal & Co." The balance he paid out to creditors. After depositi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ng this sum of \'a3\loch\f0 
550 with the bank he was permitted to draw further cheques the details of which are set out in paragraph 10 of the respondent's affidavit. On the 28th December, 1956, the bank informed the debtor that he was not to draw any further cheques
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 unless funds were banked to meet such cheques. The debtor informed the bank that his stock was about to be valued and that the sale to S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 outh Sea Souvenirs would be com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pleted on 2nd January, 1957. As is state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in paragraph 12 of the respon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dent's affidavit, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the bank was at this time aware that the bankrupt was worried financially. According to the affidavit, however, the bank then believed that his affairs could be put in order after the receipt of the balance of the sale price of his business from South Sea
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Souvenirs. Apart from a c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11948548\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 heque for \'a3\loch\f0 
30 paid out on the l1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
th January, 1957, it is to be observed that no further payments out from either of the debtor's two accounts were made by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bank after 27th December, 1956.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At this point in my recital of the facts\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 I shall quote specifically from what the debtor himself has stated as to his actions and state of mind at this the material time. This is particularly necessary for the sake of clarity because the sequence of the debtor's evidence at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15944251 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  public examinatio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n is most dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 jointed. He has said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15944251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1517160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I knew last December, I c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ould not pay all my debts fully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. I paid eight creditors out of 40 all the ready money I had. The rest I could not pay. I had intended to pay everybody after the sale of the stock. Just before th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e sale I was forced to pay them. They all came to me within two to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ree days. They forced me to pay."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Accor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13650988\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 dingly he paid one Hemraj Daya \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
440 on 20th December, the day before a judgment debtor summons in favour of this creditor was due to be heard. The \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 debtor has said that if he had not paid the creditor he would have issued a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1517160 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fieri facias}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 against him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 He also paid one Nama \'a3\loch\f0 100}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  by a post-dated cheque. It was cashed in Decembe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 r. He paid one Niranji Deoji \'a3\loch\f0 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
and one D. Parshottam \'a3\loch\f0 150. He also paid one \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Ram Jas \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 50 on 22nd December.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The remaining three out of these eight creditors were, apparently, one Jack Mohammed, one Kudai Buksh, and the respondent bank, although it is not suggested that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 any representative of the bank "came to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " the debtor along with 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the other seven creditors. Quot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing, then, further from the evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nce of the debtor, he has said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1517160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1115997 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 When the stock of my business was valued I knew I could not pay the others. It was my intention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  when I received the cheque fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m the sale of the business to br\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing the cheque to the Official Receiver. I was not paid f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or the sale of my assets until 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
4th January. I paid Tazim and the rest I banked. I wanted to file my petition the first week of January but I waited to receive the proceeds of sale. The proprietor of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  South Sea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12997629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Souvenirs did not pay me till 14/1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , but in the first week of January I thought I should file a bankruptcy. My overdraft at the Bank was payable by December, they pestered me to pay. I told them I would pay from the proceeds of the sale. My inten
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion was to pay everyone alike but here I was forced. They had called me two or three times during January. I was actually asked. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Despite that I owed \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6,000 to 40 creditors I preferred these eight. It was my original intention to pay everyone. It was my or\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
iginal intention to bring in the cheque to the Official Receiver but I did not receive the cheque}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 from South Sea Souvenirs till 14/ 1. There was a cheque for \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 569 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 / 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  / -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 and one cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 140}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The Bank got one c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6754127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
heque and Tazim got the other."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1517160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The actua\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l sum which, upon valuation, South Sea Souvenirs eventuall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 y paid for this stock was thus \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 709. While the debtor was waiting for this sum to be paid he clearly knew that he wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uld be obliged to file his bank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ruptcy petition. In fact, as he says, he wanted to \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 file his petition in the first week of January, but he apparently decided to wait to receive the balance from South Sea Souvenirs. It w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6754127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as, he says, his intention to "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bring the cheque to the Official Receiver". However, he must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  have changed }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15139709\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his mind, for on\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  14th January, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 957}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , when }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11215281\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 he received this money, namely \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 709, he used it to pay the remaining three of the eight fortunate creditors. He actually received t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2776704\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 he sum in two cheques-One for \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 140, the other for \'a3\loch\f0 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15139709 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 69-presumably at hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2776704\charrsid15139709 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s own request. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2776704\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The cheque fo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 r \'a3\loch\f0 140}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he made over to one, Tazim, who received it on behalf of the two creditors, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2776704\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ack Mohammed (\'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 100) and Kudai Buksh (\'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 40). He paid in the other cheque of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4410565\charrsid4610245 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a3\loch\f0 569 15 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 (Exhibit C to the affidavit) to the respondent bank. At the same time he pai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4410565\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in another\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  small cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 1 12 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6754127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (Exhibit D).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
It was at this time (January 14th) that the debtor apparently informed the bank that he had issued twenty-five post-dated cheques totalling \'a3\loch\f0 3,133 0 0, and that it was "possible" that bankruptcy proceedings would be
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  taken against him. The Bank thereupon constrained the debtor to draw a cheque for \'a3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6754127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
189 9 0 on his account styled "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. Mohanlal and Co." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2104569\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in order to liqui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
date and close the account styled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6754127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid529746 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 D. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mohanlal & Co., City Store". The former account was then placed i
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n liquidation under formal advice to the debtor. Before the two cheques, Exhibits C and D, were paid in, the debtor had, on 14th January, an overdraft i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2104569\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 n his two accounts of \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 535 7s. 0d. and \'a3\loch\f0 186 9s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. respectively, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2104569\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 a total of \'a3\loch\f0 721 16s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. In these circ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 umstances it mus}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13895530 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t surely have been not merely "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 possible" but absolutely inevitable that bankruptcy proceedings would be instituted. In any case the debtor was already moved to petition himself. Two days later, on the 16th January, 1957, the debtor presente
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d his bankruptcy petition before this Court. He was adjudicated a bankrupt and a receivin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13895530 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
g order was made appointing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 applicant his trustee in bankruptcy. A public examination was held on 23rd May, 1957. His statement of affairs showed his debts to be \'a3\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6,028 3 0 and his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13895530 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  total assets to be \'a3\loch\f0 2,381 3 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4610245 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It is common ground that the first three conditions required by section 46 (1) of the Ordinance are established in this case. I now have to decide upon the facts set out above, whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fourth condition \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 has been estab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lished. Namely, whether the cheques, Exhibits C and D, were paid into the bank with the view of giving the bank a preference over the remaining creditors. It may be remarked at this juncture, that upon facts such as arise in this case the wor
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d "fraudulent" seems to be misleading, because there is no suggestion of any fraud as such. As is indicated in Williams on Bankruptcy, 17th Edition, at page 358, the phrase "voidable preference" is, perhaps, to be prefer}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13895530 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 red in this particular context.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bef\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ore I proceed to review some of the English procedents upon this, the fourth condition, I shall cite in relation thereto what the learned author of Williams (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 supra) has to say, at page 358:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11024431 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In relation to such a question, on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid4066978 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce its exact import has been d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
termined, authority as such avails only to establish on whom rests the onus of proof and what evidence is admissible, the great majority of the reported decisions being of value only as examples of the circumstances in which the court on the evidence befo
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re it has been led to one or the other conclusion. In reviewing them, the words of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Brett L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ecclesiastical Commissioners v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Kino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4066978 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  14 Ch. D. 213 at p. 225, cited with a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10292941\charrsid4066978 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pproval by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10292941\charrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Macnaghten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10292941\charrsid529746 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10292941\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Co}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lls v. Home and Colonial Stores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1904)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid529746 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at pp. 19\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
1-192 should be borne in mind: 'To my mind the taking of some expression of a judge used in deciding a question of fact, as to his own view of some one fact being material on a particular occasion, as laying down a rule of conduct for other judges in cons
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dering a similar state of facts in another case, is a false mode of treating authority. It appears to me that the view of a learned judge in a particular case as to the value of a particular piece of evidence is of no use to other judges who have to deter
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ine a similar question of fact in other cases where there may be many different circumstances to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be taken into consideration.' "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid529746 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid529746 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
With this in mind I shall now refer to some of the leading authorities, although I should observe here that I, like learned Co\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
unsel, have perused many other cases on the subject, although I do not think it essential to cite them in this judgment. They are all set out in the footnote to the releva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt chapter in Williams (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid529746 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4079540 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As to the onus and standard of proof required, an au\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
thoritative and recent statement on the law is to be found in the dissenting judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jenkins }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8814369\charrsid4079540 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8814369\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Cutts}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8814369\charrsid4079540 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1956)
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8814369\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at page 739; 100 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 449 (1956)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3557271 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 537:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11024431 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12614512\charrsid12614512 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  It is well settled' says the learned Lord Justice of Appeal, 'that in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 proceedings under section 44 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) the onus is on the trustee to prove not only that a payment was made by the bankrupt within the statutory period to a particular creditor, and that such creditor was thereby given a preference over the other creditors, but 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 also that the bankrupt made the payment with a view of giving such creditor a preference over them. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Sharp v. Jackson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1899] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  419; 68 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  866; 80 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  841; 6 Mans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 264; The view attributed to a majority of this court in the headnote to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the report of In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Cohen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1950] 2 All E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  36, C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 " that where a bankrupt in imminent expectation of bankruptcy voluntarily pays a particular creditor with the result of giving him a preference in fact, and the reason for such payment is unexplained, a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 prima facie case of fraudulent preference is established" is supported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  only by the judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sargan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . and cannot be regarded as good law, having regard to the observations upon it made by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Tomlin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12614512 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (with whom the other Lords concurred) in his spee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ch in the House of Lords in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Peat v. Gresham Trust L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 td}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (1934)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid12614512 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid15806172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  252; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736127\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sub nom M.I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .C. Trust Ltd. Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1933)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch. 542 102 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  179; 149 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806172\charrsid15806172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  56; 49 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15806172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  299. On the other hand the explanation of Lord Tomlin's observations in the case is that while the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
onus of proving not merely the fact of the payment and the resulting preference, but also the bankrupt's intent to prefer rests from first to last on the trustee, he need not, in order to discharge that onus, prove the bankrupt's intent to prefer by direc
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence or by circumstantial evidence of which such in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid15806172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tent is the only possible expla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid15806172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nation. It is enough if he proves facts of which the intent to prefer is so much the most probable of the possible explanations that the court can, on the ordinary princ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
iples governing the trial of an issue of fact, properly hold it to be the true explanation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Tomlin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  himself put it in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Peat v. Gresham Trust Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1934)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 252: "The onus is only discharged when the court upon a review of all the circumstances is s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 atisfied that the dominant intent to prefer was present". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Tomlin's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 reference to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dominant" intent accords wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid13570723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th earlier auth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ority to the effect that it need not be shown that the payment was made with the sole view of giving a preference to the cre
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ditor, provided that the giving of such preference is shown to have been the dominant or substantial view. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex part Hill re Bird}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1883)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  23 Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  695; 52 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  903; 49 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid331937 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 278."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13570723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9205939 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  this Court has to decide whether upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15938076\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the facts in this case a do
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 min}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ant intent in the mind of the debtor to prefer the bank was so much the most probable of the possible explanations of his action on 14th January, 1957,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9205939 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in paying these cheques in to the bank, that this court can properly hold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9205939 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it to be the true explanat\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1441798 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 word preference connotes an act of free will and thus it must be shown that the debtor's act was voluntary in the sense of deliberate or spontaneous. A deliberate choice must be proved. Payment made under pressure, for example in the shape of pro
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cedings, actual or threatened, by the creditor concerned or fear of such proceedings would not be a voluntary payment. I do not think upon the evidence before the Court that it can be said that the act of payment by the debtor in this case was so occasion
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d by the pressure that was being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15952146\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 put upon him by the bank that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
for this reason it was not a voluntary act. Certainly the bank had been pressing him on more than one occasion to reduce his overdraft to the agreed amount of \'a3\loch\f0 300, but at least some litttle ti\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
me before the 14th January he knew very well that his position was irretrievable, and had resolved to present his bankruptcy petition. Apart from the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12808625\charrsid16395704 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 heque of \'a3\loch\f0 30 (paid out on the l1th J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
anuary) the Bank had made no payments out since the 27th December. Th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e debtor had issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15952146\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 d 25 post-dated cheques for \'a3\loch\f0 3,1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16395704\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 33 against an overdraft of \'a3\loch\f0 721}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (subsequently reduced by the paymen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13000216\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t in of the \'a3\loch\f0 571}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  7 0). I cannot think for one moment that the debtor hoped for any fresh credit from the Bank. I do not see how he could at\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 this, the material time, have been affected by pressure (even assuming there had been very considerable pressure) from the bank (I am not concerned with the payment of the other two creditors), when he changed his mind and decided to hand over the cheque
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  not to the Official Receiver but to the three creditors, of whom the b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14240355 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ank was one. On this issue of "voluntariness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" I consider therefore, that this case is more in the line of the following three cases rather than in the line of those cases in which the C\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ourts have held that through fear, anticipation of benefit, or antecedent obligation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the el}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ement of de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14240355 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
liberate choice was not proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid16395704 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid2381449 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid14907220 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ramsay ex parte Deacon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 191}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  80; 82 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1992441\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  526}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1992441\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5261686\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 08 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  495; 20 Mans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 15, a debtor, insolvent to his kn\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 owledge, wrote to his principal creditor, whose account exceeded \'a3\loch\f0 3000 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6906065\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 who held current bills for \'a3\loch\f0 1000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , two of them just falling due fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6906065\charrsid1992441 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 r sums amounting together to \'a3\loch\f0 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
2, asking for one of the bills to be renewed. The creditor replied that the bills mu\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
st be met and the account considerably reduced. The debtor telegraphed suggesting a return of goods. The next day at an interview the creditor demanded a substantial payment or a return}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of goods, otherwise he would "make it hot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " for the debtor. The debtor \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agreed to return the goods and during the next few days r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15819284\charrsid1992441 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 eturned goods to the value of \'a3\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
808, being more than three times the amount of the two bills then due. Within three months the debtor became bankrupt. It was held on the evidence, that the return of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the goods was not caused by any real pressure on the part of the creditor but was the voluntary act of the debtor, and therefore the transacti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14907220 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on was a fraudulent preference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid1992441 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1985\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13394454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid741049 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid741049 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13901902 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid11024431 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Hall re Cooper (supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid863961\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  facts were as follows: on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7th Februar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y a trader told one of his creditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1595870\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s that he was about to stop pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment; the creditor then pressed for security for his debt, and threatened to commence proceedings against the debtor at once if he did not fulfil a verbal promise whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071487\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h he had made, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071487\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7th of J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 anuary, when the debt was contracted, to supply the creditor with goods, or their equivalent, as sec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 urity. The creditor had on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
4th of February, before he knew that the debtor was about to stop payment, pressed the debtor for the promised secur\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ity, and the debtor had then again promised t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o give it. On the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1595870\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
9th of Febru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ary the debtor delivered two bills of exchange, accepted by some other firms, to a third person, telling him to hand them to the creditor. On the 24th of February the debtor filed \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a liquidation petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and on the 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th March he was adjudicated a bankrupt. The Court held that the delivery of the bills of exchange amounted to a fraudulent preference of the creditor, and that it was void as against the trustee in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bankruptcy: per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 essel M .R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid741049 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11024431 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid14617983 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " Inasmuch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 as the threat to bring an action could have no influence on a man who was just about to become a bankrupt, there was no real pressure exerted by the creditor on the 17th February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid13394454 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and the prior pressure on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4th February having b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 een ineffectual, could not be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14617983 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 into account."}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13394454 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11024431 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2452450 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13771741 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  third case which I wish to cite on the question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2452450 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of "pressure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid13771741 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ", is In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid746479\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re B}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ell ex parte Official Receiver }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13771741 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reported in the English and Empire Digest, Vol. V, at page 873, where it was held "that it is no\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t sufficient to prevent a payment being a fraudulent preference, that honest pressure had something to do with bringing about such payment, if the Court comes to the conclusion that the dominant view of the bankrupt was to prefer the creditor. If it is th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  fact that the desire t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071487\charrsid13771741 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o prefer the creditor was a sub}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13771741 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
stantial motive operating on the mind of the bankrupt who has made the payment, in such a sense that it can be said to be the dominant motive, such payment will be a fraudulent preference, notwithstandi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ng that but for the importunity of the creditor, the payme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2452450 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt might never have been made."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13771741 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The meanin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid2966138 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the word}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " has been considered in a number of cases. According to Williams (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 supra at page 360) "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the word '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view' }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hough synonymous neither with '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntent' nor with '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 motive' has a meaning nearer to the former than to the latter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The word '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 object}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
' is of no great assist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11757572\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance in determining what '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
' means, for an object may be either immediate or ulterior. If a choice between creditors as such is made, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the reason for choosing a particular creditor is immaterial; where the debtor returned goods in specie to their unpaid vendors because he thought it right to do so, the transaction was held none the less a voidable preference, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Vaughan Williams J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  intimatin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g that it would be otherwise had the debtor believed he was legally bound to do what he did. In the latter case the element of free sel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ection would have been absent."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Fletcher. In re Vaughan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1877)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  6 Ch D 350; 37 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  282; 25 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 870).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5270673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 enk\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ins L. J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 in the course of his judgment, in the case to which I have already referred (In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Cutts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  supra) has th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is to say upon the meaning of "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4334841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"As to the substitution of '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intent' for '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view' which is the wor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ually used in section 44 (1), 'object\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' and 'motive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' have some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 times been}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  used as other equivalents for '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ', but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I think '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264129\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intent' or '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
' gives the meaning best, as the bankrupt might, for example, very well have deliberately intended to prefer one creditor over another, and made the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
payment with the view of producing that result, thus plainly bringing the case within the section, although his motive or ulterior object may not have been a desire to benefit the creditor preferred, but a hope or expectation that by showing favour to suc
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  creditor he might obtain by way of quid pro quo some advantage for himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid216614\charrsid278542 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As to the distinction between '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid216614\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view' and '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2966138 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 motive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' see per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Vaughan Williams J. in re Fletcher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1877)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (cited supra) where the bankrupt's intention was to prefer, but his motive migh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t have been said to be a desire }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to do what he considered fair."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid278542 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
These distinctions may be subtle, but they are relevant, for even though, upon the facts here, it might be felt that the debtor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid216614\charrsid2241547 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was motivated by a desire to "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 do his best by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " the bank because \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the bank had helped him in the past, and because the bank might help him at some future time,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  if the dominant " intent" or "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view" was to prefer, then this application would succeed. For preference need not be the sole view although it must be the dominant \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 view (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vide ex parte Griffiths}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 23 Ch. D. 69, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Hill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , supra). It is sufficient, to constitute a statutory preference, that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid2241547 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2241547 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ferring should have been the substantial, effectual, or dominant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12732173 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but not necessarily the sole, view with which the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
debtor acted. (See Williams supra, page 360). Certainly, the inference of preference should not be drawn, having regard to the situation of the onus of proof, unless such inference is the true and proper inference from the facts proved. Thus, it will not 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e drawn, if the inference from the facts is equivocal, and in particular, it will not be drawn from the mere circumstance that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the creditor paid was in fact "preferred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid12732173 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " in the sense that he was paid when other creditors were not paid and could not be paid.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Re Cutts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  supra, per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Lord Evershed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, Master of the Rolls, page 733). I have already concluded for the reasons set out above, that the act of the debtor in paying this money into the Bank cannot be said to have been involuntary by reason of pressure. I find\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 nothing equivocal upon the facts in that respect. However, as is stated in Halsbury Laws of England, 3rd Edition, V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2704336\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
olume II, page 558, paragraph 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 06:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4334841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not necessary to prove pressure if there are other circumstances which suffice to repel the pres\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
umption of fraudulent intention, and to show that the acts complained of were not done with the dominant view to prefer. Where, therefore, it is apparent that the debtor was acting in the ordinary course of business; or in fulfilment of a prior }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4410151\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
eement..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .. in none of these or the like cases will the pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid925941 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment or transfer be set aside."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Are th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1730550 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e facts in this case at least "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
equivocal" in this respect? Counsel for the respondent has contended that the payments by the debtor of the cheques Exhibits C and D int\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o his curr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8092752\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent account in the bank on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4th January (upon which the bank was entitled to exercise a lien) was an act in the ordinary course of business such as to negative any presumption, that might otherwise be inferred, of fraudulent intention. Howeve
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r, the circumstances in which the debtor paid in these cheques were such that I cannot accept this argument. He did n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid4410151 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ot pay every cheque which he re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4410151 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ceived at this period into the bank. The cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 140 he gave to one Tazim to be paid to the two creditor\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s, Jack Mohammed and Kudhai Buksh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . When he received the deposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1792379\charrsid7826384 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  of \'a3\loch\f0 990 in December, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
956, he had actually paid into the bank only \'a3\loch\f0 550 of this sum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7428205\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  In the affidavit, paragraph 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4, it is conte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nded that insofar as the word "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bearer" on the cheque Exhibit C h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as been crossed out, the debtor had no option but to present it to the bank for payment. It may be that the debtor, having changed his mind, and having decided to pay this amount into the bank, had asked South Sea Souvenirs to strike out "bearer". Presu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7428205\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mab\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ly on the other cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
40, which he passed on to Tazim, the word" bearer" was not struck out. What is certain, however, from the debtor's own evidence, is that he had intended to hand over the cheque he eventually received from the South Sea Souvenir
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s, to the Official Receiver. He could at least have done that, quite irrespec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tive of the fact that the word "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bearer" was struck out on the cheque. I do not, for one moment, think there was any confusion in the mind of the debtor in this regard. There is no\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 suggestion of this in his evidence. To my mind, there is nothing in this point to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 support the respondent's conten}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion; moreover the same point does not arise with regard to the other cheque, Exhibit D. I do not think that the payment-in of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5505987\charrsid7826384 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hese particula\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r cheques on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
4th of January, in the circumstances disclosed in his evidence by the debtor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  himself, was an act so in the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7826384 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ordinary course" of business, as to lead me to doubt his dominant intention to prefer. At that time the debtor knew that he was ba
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nkrupt, and the bank was really in a position to know this too; he had intended to petition in bankruptcy the week before. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Apart from the one cheque for \'a3\loch\f0 30, nothin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9783228\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g had been paid out since Decem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ber 27th. There was, at the material tim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e, no question of a c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ontinuing }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
operation of the current account in its "ordinary course": the post-dated cheques, twenty-five in all, were certainly not to be honoured. The bank there and then insisted that he made out a cheque on the one account to liquidate the amount overd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 awn in the other account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
A somewhat similar argument was unsuccessfully put forward before the Court of Appeal by Counsel for the bank in the case of In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re M. Kushler Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1943)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5505987\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  248; 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11734511 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  194, where he argued that insofar as the directors o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f the company could not do anything other than pay the money received by the insolvent company into the company's bank and the bank would not allow a second account to be ope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3100972\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ned with the first account over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 drawn, the liquidator had not discharged the onus o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f proving fraudulent preference because a doubt must remain in the mind of the Court. The Court nevertheless held that there was a fraudulent preference, over-ruling the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bennett J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. in the Court below. The Court also observed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Tomlin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Peat v. Gresham Trust Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 934)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  252, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Romer }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3100972\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . in In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Lyons ex parte Barclays Bank Ltd. v. The Trustee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1934)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  152 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 201; T.L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (1934-35)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Vol. 51, 24; were not intending to lay it down as a general principle that where there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is no dir
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ect evidence of fraudu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lent preference the Court will not infer it if there is any other possible e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1522665 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 xplanation of the facts proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts in this case are, in my opinion, quite distinguishable from those in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ex parte Carlyle Banking Company. re Walton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  36, N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, p. 522. The material portion of the evidence upon which the ratio }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid5600995 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 decidendi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of that decision is founded, is stated in the judgment of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 learned Chief Judge as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid13065525 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4334841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The banker's agent on the 26th Ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ril" (the material date) "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3100972\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 know}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at the debtor was in funds, insisted upon his paying th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e money in. The bankrupt says '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I paid the money in, having at the time drawn cheques upon it which I expected to be paid.' I state again, as I have said before that this is one of the most ordinary tra\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sactions that can take place."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present case, the bankr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid9047209 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 upt told the bank on the 14th J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 anuary that he had issued twenty-five post dated cheques totalling \'a3\loch\f0 3,133. He knew he was bankrupt. So did the bank in my opinion. He certainly did not expect the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
se cheques to be paid. He could not therefore say, like the debtor in that case" I paid the money in, having at the time drawn cheques upon it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5600995 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  which I expected to be paid.".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid9047209 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2381449 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Equally\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  facts of this case are distinguishable from those in In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Lyons ex \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 parte Barclays Bank Limited v. the Trustee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , supra. The Master of the Rolls, reversing the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid4334841 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Clauson J.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 referred in his judgment to the vita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1530394 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l portion of the evidence thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4334841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1530394 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Clauson had said that the account was operated in such a way\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that the only possible inference was that an effort was being made by the bankrupt to prefer. But was that so? The bankrupt continued to operate the account after Sep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1530394 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tember 12," (the material date)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " in exactly the same way as he had done before that date,
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  when there was admittedly no intention to prefer anyone. He paid m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1530394 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oney in and he drew money out."}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid2314196 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7481629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present case the debtor did not, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1530394 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 after the 14th January, 1957, "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
continue to operate the account in exactly the same way." He did not pay money in and\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  draw money out. He did not operate it at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14510646\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . He forth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
with petitioned in bankruptcy, as he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11228456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intended to do the week before.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the outcome therefore I fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd that the applicant has disch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11228456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
arged the onus cast upon him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4334841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am satisfied that upon a review of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 all the circumstances in this case, that when he paid in these two cheques o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7826384\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n 14th January, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14510646\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11743188\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
7, the domin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11228456 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ant "intention" or "view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " of the debtor was to prefer the respondent over the remaining creditors. I declare, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8455810\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
refore, that the payment of \'a3\loch\f0 571}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  7s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 made to the respondent on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  January, 195}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
7, is void against t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he applicant under section 46 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance, (Cap. 37). The respondent is accordin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1447191\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 gly ordered to pay the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 571 7s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid8455810 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. to the applicant. I award the applica\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt costs against the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7481629\charrsid7481629 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7
2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b
44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7
065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000
00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08
84a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b63095120f88d94fbc
52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462a1a82fe353
bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468
656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b4b0d592c9c
070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b4757e8d3f7
29e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b03041400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65
312e786d6cec594f6fdb3614bf0fd87720746f6327761a07758ad8b19b2d4d1bc46e871e698996d850a240d2497d1bdae38001c3ba618715d86d87615b8116d8
a5fb34d93a6c1dd0afb0475292c5585e9236d88aad3e2412f9e3fbff1e1fa9abd7eec70c1d1221294fda5efd72cd4324f1794093b0eddd1ef62fad79482a9c04
98f184b4bd2991deb58df7dfbb8ad755446282607d22d771db8b944ad79796a40fc3585ee62949606ecc458c15bc8a702910f808e8c66c69b9565b5d8a314d3c
94e018c8de1a8fa94fd05093f43672e23d06af89927ac06762a049136785c10607758d9053d965021d62d6f6804fc08f86e4bef210c352c144dbab999fb7b471
7509af678b985ab0b6b4ae6f7ed9ba6c4170b06c788a705430adf71bad2b5b057d03606a1ed7ebf5babd7a41cf00b0ef83a6569632cd467faddec9699640f671
9e76b7d6ac355c7c89feca9cccad4ea7d36c65b258a206641f1b73f8b5da6a6373d9c11b90c537e7f08dce66b7bbeae00dc8e257e7f0fd2badd5868b37a088d1
e4600ead1ddaef67d40bc898b3ed4af81ac0d76a197c86826828a24bb318f3442d8ab518dfe3a20f000d6458d104a9694ac6d88728eee2782428d60cf03ac1a5
193be4cbb921cd0b495fd054b5bd0f530c1931a3f7eaf9f7af9e3f45c70f9e1d3ff8e9f8e1c3e3073f5a42ceaa6d9c84e5552fbffdeccfc71fa33f9e7ef3f2d1
17d57859c6fffac327bffcfc793510d26726ce8b2f9ffcf6ecc98baf3efdfdbb4715f04d814765f890c644a29be408edf3181433567125272371be15c308d3f2
8acd249438c19a4b05fd9e8a1cf4cd296699771c393ac4b5e01d01e5a30a787d72cf1178108989a2159c77a2d801ee72ce3a5c545a6147f32a99793849c26ae6
6252c6ed637c58c5bb8b13c7bfbd490a75330f4b47f16e441c31f7184e140e494214d273fc80900aedee52ead87597fa824b3e56e82e451d4c2b4d32a423279a
668bb6690c7e9956e90cfe766cb37b077538abd27a8b1cba48c80acc2a841f12e698f13a9e281c57911ce298950d7e03aba84ac8c154f8655c4f2af074481847
bd804859b5e696007d4b4edfc150b12addbecba6b18b148a1e54d1bc81392f23b7f84137c2715a851dd0242a633f900710a218ed715505dfe56e86e877f0034e
16bafb0e258ebb4faf06b769e888340b103d3311da9750aa9d0a1cd3e4efca31a3508f6d0c5c5c398602f8e2ebc71591f5b616e24dd893aa3261fb44f95d843b
5974bb5c04f4edafb95b7892ec1108f3f98de75dc97d5772bdff7cc95d94cf672db4b3da0a6557f70db629362d72bcb0431e53c6066acac80d699a6409fb44d0
8741bdce9c0e4971624a2378cceaba830b05366b90e0ea23aaa241845368b0eb9e2612ca8c742851ca251ceccc70256d8d87265dd96361531f186c3d9058edf2
c00eafe8e1fc5c509031bb4d680e9f39a3154de0accc56ae644441edd76156d7429d995bdd88664a9dc3ad50197c38af1a0c16d684060441db02565e85f3b966
0d0713cc48a0ed6ef7dedc2dc60b17e92219e180643ed27acffba86e9c94c78ab90980d8a9f0913ee49d62b512b79626fb06dccee2a432bbc60276b9f7dec44b
7904cfbca4f3f6443ab2a49c9c2c41476dafd55c6e7ac8c769db1bc399161ee314bc2e75cf8759081743be1236ec4f4d6693e5336fb672c5dc24a8c33585b5fb
9cc24e1d4885545b58463634cc5416022cd19cacfccb4d30eb45296023fd35a458598360f8d7a4003bbaae25e331f155d9d9a5116d3bfb9a95523e51440ca2e0
088dd844ec6370bf0e55d027a012ae264c45d02f708fa6ad6da6dce29c255df9f6cae0ec38666984b372ab5334cf640b37795cc860de4ae2816e95b21be5ceaf
8a49f90b52a51cc6ff3355f47e0237052b81f6800fd7b802239daf6d8f0b1571a8426944fdbe80c6c1d40e8816b88b8569082ab84c36ff0539d4ff6dce591a26
ade1c0a7f669880485fd484582903d284b26fa4e2156cff62e4b9265844c4495c495a9157b440e091bea1ab8aaf7760f4510eaa69a6465c0e04ec69ffb9e65d0
28d44d4e39df9c1a52ecbd3607fee9cec7263328e5d661d3d0e4f62f44acd855ed7ab33cdf7bcb8ae889599bd5c8b3029895b6825696f6af29c239b75a5bb1e6
345e6ee6c28117e73586c1a2214ae1be07e93fb0ff51e133fb65426fa843be0fb515c187064d0cc206a2fa926d3c902e907670048d931db4c1a44959d366ad93
b65abe595f70a75bf03d616c2dd959fc7d4e6317cd99cbcec9c58b34766661c7d6766ca1a9c1b327531486c6f941c638c67cd22a7f75e2a37be0e82db8df9f30
254d30c1372581a1f51c983c80e4b71ccdd28dbf000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f74
68656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f24
51eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e3198
720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528
a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c0200001300000000000000000000000000
000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b000000000000000000000000
002b0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c00000000000000000000000000140200007468
656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b000016000000000000000000
00000000d10200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000000000
00000000000000009b0900007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000960a00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef1\lsdunhideuseddef1\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;\lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Revision;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference;
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;}}{\*\datastore 010500000200000018000000
4d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffffec69d9888b8b3d4c859eaf6cd158be0f0000000000000000000000002038
62940c4bd001feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}