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{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
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{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
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{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
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{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
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\rsid2838927\rsid4148245\rsid4197772\rsid4210140\rsid5064472\rsid5400962\rsid5530234\rsid6374884\rsid6382967\rsid7745118\rsid7870497\rsid7957848\rsid8017551\rsid8151297\rsid8728922\rsid9116632\rsid9204170\rsid9459201\rsid9521188\rsid9599550\rsid9765837
\rsid10500321\rsid10684205\rsid10696199\rsid11759030\rsid12063315\rsid12845100\rsid12845103\rsid13252701\rsid13597502\rsid13646702\rsid14106516\rsid14163424\rsid14298765\rsid14562885\rsid15156926\rsid15408473\rsid15481476\rsid16331102\rsid16388935
\rsid16403658\rsid16404163\rsid16477242\rsid16656373}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Ela Qica}{\operator baleimatuku_l}
{\creatim\yr2014\mo9\dy25\hr13\min22}{\revtim\yr2015\mo2\dy20\hr14\min34}{\version7}{\edmins425}{\nofpages11}{\nofwords2833}{\nofchars13255}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws16056}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/
wordml}}\paperw8188\paperh13075\margl1440\margr1440\margt810\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
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\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale190\rsidroot13252701 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid16404163\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1
\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid13646702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
[1958-1959] 6 FLR 155
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid12845100 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16388935 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
COURT OF APPEAL OF FIJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13597502 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13597502 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Criminal Appeal No. 11 of 1958
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16388935 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13597502 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
NARAYAN NAIR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid620330 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid13646702 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid13646702 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid13646702 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
THE QUEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2302247 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 FIJI }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935\charrsid16388935 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 COURT OF APPEAL AT SUVA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6382967 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sir George Finlay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6382967 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid676549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Acting President, C.C. Marsack and R. Knox-Mawer, JJ/A), November 12, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6382967 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1959]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16388935 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6382967 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (Appeal from H.M. Supreme\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Court of Fiji \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  Lowe, C.J.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6382967\charrsid16388935 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8728922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid12845100 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Murder-provocation-direction to assessors-aid of assessors-whether disabled from giving aid they should give in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid13646702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the absence of a specific direc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion on reasonable doubt as to provocation-consideration of summing up as a whole-t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 est to be applied-cumulative effects of different acts of provocative na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ture-meaning of "ordinary man".}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13646702\charrsid5530234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eld}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13646702\charrsid13646702 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -(1) It is better to give specific direction to assessors on the question of reasonable doubt as to provocation, but the effect of the summing up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as a whole must be considered;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13646702 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) Full consideration was given to the question of provocation and proper principles as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the onus of proof were applied;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) The direction to the assessors as to what test was to be ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 plied in deciding what was an "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ordin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ary man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " was correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234\charrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid5530234 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 McPherson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1957)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  41 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 213 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  216; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Prince}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 28 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  60; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Wool}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mington v. D .P .P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1935)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  462; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bullard v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1957)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid620330 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  635, at p. 645; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid620330 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bharat v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1959)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  3 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7745118 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  406;\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9204170 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kwaku Mensah v. R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1946)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7745118 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 83.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7745118 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9204170 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 F. M. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid9204170 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 K. Sherani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid7745118 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid529098\charrsid2652455 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . F. W. Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid529098\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , ag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Solicit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5530234 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
or-General, for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9204170 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
This is an appeal against conviction for murder on the 1st day of August, 1959, before the Supreme Court of Fiji at Suva. T\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he trial took place before the Chief Justice and five Assessors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid8017551 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Three of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the Assessors gave their opinions in favour of a verdict of murder and two of manslaughter. The Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12063315\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Justice, in a written judgment, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 express}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid529098\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed agreement with the majority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 entered a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 conviction for murder and se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10684205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntenced the appellant to death.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The deceased Seruwaia Wati was a young Fijian woman who for some years had lived with the appellant as his wife. This association continued during the term of her employment as hous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid529098\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e-girl by a Mr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Gray, an employ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment which continued up to the date of her death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7957848\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 12th March, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appellant went by taxi to Mr. Gray's house at Lami and had an interview with the girl. Something in the nature o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8728922\charrsid12063315 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f a quarrel took place. The dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pute terminated in the stab\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
bing of the deceased by the appellant with a narrow-bladed knife. Deceased sustained ten deep penetrating wounds in the back and chest and on the neck. She died shortly after receiving these injuries, the cause of death being haemorrhage resulting }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7957848\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 from mul\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tiple stab wounds. The s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 triking of the blows by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7957848\charrsid12063315 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appellant was not seriously con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 teste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10684205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d at the hearing of the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12063315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4210140 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The original Notice of Appeal specified six grounds. Nine additional grounds were put forward later and were argued at the hearing of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he appeal. The additional grounds for the most part are worded somewhat obscurely and several appear to overlap others which were submitted. The grounds put forward may conveniently be grouped under four headings:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1. Non -direction or misd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12845103\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 irection by the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  learned trial J}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
udge in the course of his summing-up in respect of the onus of proof of provocation, in that he did not direct the Assessors that the onus of proving absence of prov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ocation lay on the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Misdirection by trial Judge in:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2838927\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
iling to direct the Assessors that the appellant was entitled in setting up a defence of provocation to rely on the cumulative effe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ct of several provocative acts;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2838927\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 failing correctly to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 define the phrase "ordinary man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" when explaining the law as to the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  effect on the ordinary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 man of the provocation alleged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16403658 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3. Wrongful rejection of ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1981947 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 idence tendered by the defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4. A summing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -up unduly prejudicial to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2838927\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the appellant in that the trial J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 udge failed adequately to bring the essential features of the defenc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e to the notice of the Assessors and failed to give due weight to some of the evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ence in the appellant's favour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14163424 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid11759030 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The greater part of the argument submitted on behalf of the appellant concerned the first of these grounds, that is non-direction or misdirec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion as to the onus of proof of provocati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on when that defence is raised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid11759030 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid878148 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned trial Judge makes several references in the course of his sum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid878148 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ming-up to the question of provo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid878148 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cation:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Page 38 of the Record-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid16656373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If you accept that the defence case shows \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that the provocation caused him a sudden loss of contr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid16656373 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ol, and he acted under that pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vocation, then that takes away the element in murder and red}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uces the crime to manslaughter."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Page 47 of the Record-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid16656373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid16656373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "There still is the question of provoca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . If you 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 believe the accused's story, and if you believe that when he struck those blows he was out of control and his mind went blank, then you will s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16403658 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ay he is not guilty of murder."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Page 48 of the Record-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid16656373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid16656373 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The defence case evidence is in a clear, careful, doveta\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iled manner. If the evidence is all true, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it would show provocation. Again, let me say that you would have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to be satisfied without reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able doubt that it is untrue before you will be justified in rejecting it completely. You do not, and again I repeat, y\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ou do not have to be satisfied without reasonable doubt that it is true before you acce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pt it. The difference is vast."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Counsel for the appellant contends that nowhere in the course of the summing-up is there any direction to the Assessors such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid2633322 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that rec\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ommended in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2633322\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Pherson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1957)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2633322\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455\charrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471\charrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455\charrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471\charrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455\charrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  213 at p. 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6:-

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If you are left in doubt as to whether really a prisoner was acting under provo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cation or not you should find a verdict in his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vour on that issue."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2633322 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for the appellant relies on the authority\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of McPherson's case, in which a verdict of capital murder was set aside and a verdict of manslaughter substituted because no express direction had been given to the jury as to the onus of proof of provocation, though the onus of proof generally had been 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arefully and accurately explained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14298765 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Counse}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2633322\charrsid14298765 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l also relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2633322\charrsid2652455 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Prince}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  28 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14298765 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  60 which follows }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2652455 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Woolmington v. D.P.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1935)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14298765 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 where the law is stated thus:
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid14298765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9765837 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On a trial for murder the jury should be directed that, if upon a review of all the evidence t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
hey are left in reasonable doubt as to whether, even if the prisoner's explanation is no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477242\charrsid9765837 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t accepted, the act was uninten}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9765837 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tional or provoked, the prisone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2508471 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r is entitled to be acquitted." (i.e. of murder).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9765837 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the Crown it is contended that even if there were m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
isdirections-and it is conceded that if the extracts quoted from pages 38 and 47 stood alone they would be misdirections-they were corrected by passages elsewhere in the summing-up. In other words, the overall effect of the summing-up was to convey to the
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Assessors a correct explanation of the law regarding onus of proof when the defence of provocation is raised. The passage quoted from page 38 is followed very shortly afterwards by}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid160340\charrsid4148245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a direction to the follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing effect:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
"But the onus of proof never moves f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rom the prosecution. The accused never needs to prove one jot of evidence. If his evidence casts a doubt-a reasonable doubt-on the prosecution case, and he does not even need to do that, but if it does, so much the better for the accused. It is a reasonab
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e doubt that yo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 u must resolve in his favour ..."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
This is what you have to do. You consider the defence case but the accused does not have to satisfy you, and I repeat, does not have to satisfy you beyond reasonable doubt, that any part of his story is tr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ue. In fact it is the other way around. Before you will be justified in rejecting the accused's story or any part of it you will have to be in no reasonable doubt that it is false. That is how severely the law puts the onus on the prosecution. It is one o
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the basic principles of British Justice. The prosecution must get their facts and prove them to your satisfaction and mine before a man can be found guilty of a crime with which he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is charged or any other crime."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid4148245 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and at page 49:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid160340\charrsid4148245 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 You must remember also \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the prosecution must prove its case beyond reasonable doubt and that th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e onus never moves from the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 secution. You must remember that the accused is not required to prove anything whatsoever but if any reasonab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14106516\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 le doubt is cast on the prosecu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion case\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , so far as your opinions and mine are concerned, we must give the benefit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of that doubt to the accused."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid12845100 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In several other passages in his summing-up the trial Judge emphasizes that the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5400962 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is not bound to prove anything.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is clear that with regard\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 to the general onus of proof the learned trial Judge directed the Assessors quite accurately that the onus of proof is always on the prosecution and that any reasonable doubt must be resolved in favour of the accused. He has been meticulously careful thr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ughout the summing-up to emphasize that there is no onus of proof cast on the accused, and that any reasonable doubt left in the mind of the Assessors on any material point must be resolved in favour of the accused. It is true that nowhere does he give an
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 express direction to the effect of the passage quoted from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid2652455 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 McPherson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1513418 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that if the Assessors are in doubt as to whether accused was acting under provocation or not, the verdict should be manslaughter and not murder. It would no doubt have been better if he \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
had done so. But in view of the fact that there was no real contest as to the striking of the blows by the appellant the only material issue put before the Assessors was as to whether the appellant had been provoked into doing what he did. This is made pe
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fectly clear by the trial Judge at the very beginning of hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s summing-up where he states, "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not a difficult case. The only difficulty you might have is on the question of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
provocation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9116632\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The passage from page 38 of the Record which the appellant contends
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 misdirection is immediately pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ceded by the caution "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
If, on the prosecution evidence you feel sure and certain that the accused killed this woman with malice aforethought and without any sufficient provocation th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9116632\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en he is guilty of murder." It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is imm\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ediately followed by the warning that the onus of proof ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ver moves from the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
What has to be considered is the effect on the Assessors of the summing-up as a whole. It must have been clearly in the minds of the Assessors, from the directions g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iven i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the course of the summing-up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the matter of provocation was the main issue which they had to decide. The trial Judge repeated over and over again that the onus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  never shifted from the prosecu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion and that any doubt must be resolved in favour of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the accused. As Lord Tucker s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tates in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bullard v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid9116632 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9521188 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 957)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 635 at p. 645:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9116632 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid10500321 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
But there is no magic formula, and provided that on a reading of the summing-up as a whole the Jury are left in no doubt where the onus lies no complaint can properly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e made".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid10500321 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It is of course true that the trial Judge in the Supreme Court of Fiji is not bound by the opinion of the Assessors on matters of fact as is a Judge by the finding of a Jury in England. None the less he must observe the same rules in directing th
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Assessors as are observed in a jury trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bharat v. The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 959)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  3 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  406 an appeal to the Privy Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid7870497 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 from the Supreme Court of Fiji, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
their Lordships point out that while the Judge is not bound by the opinion of the Assessors he must at le\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ast take them into account, and that the effect of the misdirection in that case was to disable the Assessors from giving the Judge the aid which they should have given. There is the further point that in that case the trial Judge did not refer in his jud
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ment to the question of provocation, which was thus not taken into account at all in determining the verdict of the Court. In the present case, however, it is clear from the judgment itself that the trial Judge gave detailed consideration to the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  question o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f provocation. He re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 jected the defence based on it on the ground, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid8151297 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, that the acts of violence committed by the accused bore no relation to the provocation alleged to have been received; that the provocation alleged would not have caused the ordin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arily reasonabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e man to do what appellant did.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid7870497 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We find therefore that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the summing-up left the assessors in no doubt as to where the onus of proof lay with regard to the issue of provocation, which had been clearly stated by the Judge at the outset to be r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
eally the only question that might cause them any difficulty. We also find that in his judgment the trial Judge had given full consideration to the question of provocation and had applied the proper principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9599550\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  with regard to the onus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid1978617 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of. The ground o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f appeal based on non-direction or misdirection as to the onus of proof regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  provocation accordingly fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We can find no substance in appellant's objecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15156926\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the summing-up on the ground that it did not specifically refer to the cumulative effect \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of a series of provocative acts. The learned trial Judge in effect refers to the defence evidence as a whole, and expressly m}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 entions all the acts of provoca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion alleged by the appellant. The provocat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5064472\charrsid1978617 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ive acts were dealt with cumula}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tively and would no doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be considered cumulatively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We find also that there is no substance in the objection base}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d on the meaning of the phrase "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ordinary man", when the question was being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid160340\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sidered as to what would be the effect on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8151297 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  an "ordinary man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15156926\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " of the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vocati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid160340\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on received 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and whether that pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vocation would have caused an "ordinary man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " to perform the acts which led to the death of the deceased. The trial Judge, after emphasizing the difficulty of defining an ordinary man in any community, proceeds to tell the Assessors th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in the present case "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an ordinary man" can be taken to be an ordinarily reasonable man of the Indian community in this Colony. Later, at page 48 of the Record, the trial Judge takes this a little furt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 her in favour of the appellant:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid1978617 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2652455 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 You take the standard \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of an ordinary man in the community }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1518476\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the accused and, in fairness, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in his walk of life".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13252701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The test so applied is similar to that adopted by Lord Go}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1518476\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ddard in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1518476\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Kwaku M}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15408473\charrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ensah v. R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15408473\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 946)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  83 where it is hel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d that the phrase "ordinary man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " in the case of a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 crime committed in a village on the Gold Coast is to be interpreted as the ordinary West African villager. In our opinion the direction on this point given by the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 earned trial Judge was correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We find no substance in the ground based upon the wrongful\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 rejection of evidence tendered by the defence. It was explained at the hearing of the appeal that the effect of this evidence would have been to show that on a previous occasion appellant's father had refused to give him money on the ground that he disap
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
roved of appellant's association with the deceased woman. We are unable to accept the contention of counsel for the appellant that the admission of this evidence, even if it had been relevant, would have materially strengthened the defence of provoc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14562885 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid9459201 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
We are also compelled to reject the argument on behalf of appellant that the trial Judge had shown bias against the appellant, had expressed opinions on the facts prejudicial to the appellant and had failed to explain to the Assessors in detail the salien
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t features of the case for the defence. The trial Judge was careful throughout his summing-up to remind the Assessors that they must form their own conclusions as to the facts, and that they were entitled to disregard any personal views as to the facts wh
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ch the Judge might put forward. It has never been the law t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15408473\charrsid15481476 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat the Judge can draw no infer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ences from the evidence other than inferences favourable to the accused; and it has never been the law that the Judge may not express his own views as to the evidence\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 if he sees fit to do so. The Judge's summing-up on questions of fact seems to have been careful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15408473\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
and fair to the accused through}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
out. This, added to his frequent warning to the Assessors that they must make up their own minds on the facts and could ignore t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Judge's views, makes the summing-up in our view u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1533901 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nexceptionable in this respect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2652455 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid15481476 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In the result the appellant has established no sufficient grounds for setting aside the judgment and the appeal is dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13252701\charrsid13252701 
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