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\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10367980\charrsid6958688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
[1958-1959] 6 FLR 23
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid6958688 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
SUPREME COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9965248 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15345407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Appellate Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13449371\charrsid15345407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3243405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3243405\charrsid3243405 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal Appeal No. 21 of 1958
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9965248 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid6958688 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
NAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HANIEL STUART CHALMERS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15345407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3243405 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3243405\charrsid6958688 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid6958688 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid6958688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15345407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3243405\charrsid15345407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
REGINA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid6958688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid16349121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Wounding with intent to do grievous harm, section 250 of the Penal Code. Submission of no case to answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1059771 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at close of prosecution case-"}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intent" not then proved-Magistrate found case to answer, accused went on to his defence and was convicted. Defence refuse
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d statements made to Police Officers by witnesses for the prosecution-duty of prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  right of prosecutor to withdraw an application for a prel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 iminary inquiry s.s. 210, 213, C.P.C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1059771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid15413467 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid9257427 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9385387\charrsid15413467 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . -(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) If a submission of "no case to answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " is made by an accus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed person and it is wrongly rejected by the court the accused can be convicted, even when th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ere was "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no case", if evidence in his defence makes up the defi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ciency in the prosecution case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15413467 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10641040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(2) As soon as it becomes apparent that a witness for the prosecutio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n is giving evidence which conflicts with a written statement to the Police by that witness, a moral duty rests on the prosecution to make such stat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ement available to the defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10641040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(3) A prosecutor who has made an application for a preliminary inquiry to be held can withdraw that application a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4268275\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t any time before the trial com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10641040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(4) When the submission was made there was no case to answer as the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 secution had not proved intent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10641040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(5) Nothing in the defence provided evidence of intent and the accused was not prejudiced by h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aving entered upon his defence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid949340\charrsid2446723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2446723 -

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Abbot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1955], 2 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  487}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12737597\charrsid7543006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Pearson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1908], 1 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12737597\charrsid7543006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. George }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1908], 1\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  168}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12737597\charrsid7543006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Fraser }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1912], 7 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  99}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12737597\charrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Joiner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1910], 4 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12737597\charrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9965248 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid9965248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  v. Power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1919]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889\charrsid7543006 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  572}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7543006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid7543006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid949340\charrsid2446723 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LOWE, C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2446723 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .J., [22nd July, 1958]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid949340\charrsid2446723 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was convict\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ed, by the then learned Magistrate at Sigatoka, of an offence of causing grievous harm by unlawful wounding, contrary to section 250 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid3288889 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) of the Penal Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9965248\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The particulars of the offence were stated to be that the appellant, on the 14th February, 1958, at
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Korotoga, Nadroga, in the Western District, with intent to do grievous harm to Taraivina Lewatu did unlawfully wound the said Taraivina Lewatu b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y discharging a firearm at her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant was sentenced to six months imprisonment. He appealed against hi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s conviction and sentence in a long petition and subsequently gave notice that he intended to move this Court for leave to file additional grounds of appeal. The first of those grounds I have no need to refe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r to but the second ground was:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid610876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3288889 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That the Police\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 prosecutor applied to the court that the said charge be tried at the Supreme Court, and your Petitioner submits, that by reason of sections 210 and 213 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the learned Magistrate had no jurisdiction to try your Petitioner and 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4480058 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the said trial was a nullity."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I did not grant leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4480058 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to add that particular ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4480058 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 210 is as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5183308\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid610876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4480058 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If before or during the course of a trial before a Magistrate's court it appears to the Magistrate that the case is one which o
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ught to be tried by the Supreme Court or if before the commencement of the trial an application in that behalf is made by a public prosecutor that it shall be so tried, the Magistrate shall not proceed with the trial but in lieu thereof he shall hold a pr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 liminary inquiry in accordance with the provis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4480058 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ions hereinafter contained...."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7997617 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  213 says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2387382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid610876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Whenever any charge has been brought against any person of an offence not triable by a Magistrate's court or as to which the Magistrate is of opinion that it\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 ought to be tried by the Supreme Court or where an application in that behalf has been made by a public prosecutor a preliminary inquiry shall be held, according to the provisions herein-after contained, by a Magistrate's c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4268275\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ourt, locally and otherwise com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 etent."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
When the court assembled and the accused appeared on 19th February, 1958, the prosecutor asked the court to conduct a preliminary inquiry. The appellant was then on bail and the Magistrate extended that bail and adjourned the case until 28th Febru
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ary. When the court again assembled on that date the public prosecutor said that he had been instructed to ask for a summary trial. The accused was then asked to elect whether he wished to be tried by the Magistrate's court or whether he wished his trial 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o take place before the Supreme Court, and he elected trial in the lower court. Up to that stage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he had not been asked to plead.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It will be seen that the effective words in section 210 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
If before the commencement of a trial an application in that beha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lf is ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10422777\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
de by a public prosecutor... ". a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd in section 213: "Whenever }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 any charge has been brought ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid11296720 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
". Those words relate to the latter portion of section 213 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid138585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which says: "or as to which the Magistrate is of opinion" }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10053336 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10422777\charrsid138585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
where an applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid138585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11296720\charrsid138585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on in that beha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lf has been made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid138585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by a public prosecutor". }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid138585\charrsid138585 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid138585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 does not di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sclose a model of law drafting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid138585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In the instant case no charge had been actually brought against the appellant and as, in the order of events, the public prosecutor had withdrawn his applicat\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ion for a preliminary inquiry and had substituted an application for a summary trial there was then no application for the inquiry before the court prior to the commencement of the case and it follows the only application by the public prosecutor at the s
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ages prior to and after the appellant had pleaded to the charge w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as for trial by the Magistrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am in no doubt that a prosecutor can lawfully with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10367980\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 draw a prior applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion, made by him, before an accu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sed is charged with an offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I allowed the appeal\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and ordered the acquittal of the appellant thereby quashing the conviction and setting aside the sentence which had been imposed by the learned Magistrate. I no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w give my reasons for so doing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 250 of the Penal Code, in that portion which is applic\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 le to this case, is as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid610876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Any person who, with intent to maim, disfigure or disable any person, or to do some grievous harm to any person, or to resist or prevent the lawful arrest or detention of any person-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid610876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) unlawfully wounds or does any gr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ievous harm to any p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8000707 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
erson by any means whatever;"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid619203 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  end of the case for the prosecution Counsel for the appellant submitted to the court that there was no case to answer. He said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid610876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16591119 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , that there was "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no evidence that the accused intended to d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
o grievous harm". The learned Magistrate said: "As to intent-evidence that gun pointed and fired. Intent presumed. Case to answer." That decision seems to have been given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid610876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ad hoc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. If the prosecution had at that stage failed to prove intent there was certain\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ly no case to answer and it was the duty of the Magistrate to analyse the evidence most carefully in order to satisfy himself as to the required proof. He did not do so; in fact he made no analysis of the evidence whatsoever, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ad hoc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 or otherwise. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15208920\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15208920\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 imi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nal Law Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of April, 1958, 232 a learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 author deals with question of "no case to answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". During the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  course of his article he says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8853177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The duty of a trial Judge to withdraw a case from the jury differs according }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as to whether a submission of '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o ca\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' is made or not. If such a submission is made, then the Judge must withdraw the case unless there is evidence to go to the jury. If, however, no submission is made, the trial Judge may withdraw the case, but he is n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ot necessarily bound to do so."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en goes on to deal with the effect of the refusal to withdraw the case, where }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 no case is disclosed, and says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2708522 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
In many cases a conviction of the hearing after the trial Judge's refusal to withdraw the case will merely result in the acquittal of the prison\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
er. If there was no case to go to the jury, then, theoretically, the defence need adduce no evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2901439 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Even if evidence is adduced, it will normally serve only to strengthen the case for the accused. In two situations, however, it may well be that a continu\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ation of the hearing will prove prejudicial to the accused. Where there is doubt as to whether the prosecution has made out a case or not, or where it is deemed preferable to press for an immediate acquittal rather than to proceed on appeal, the prisoner 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ay elect to give evidence. In this case, cross-examination may prejudice him, by bringing to light evidence not available to the prosecution in their cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5331114 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e, but damning to the prisoner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2901439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2901439 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Also, where there is a joint indictment of two or more offenders, the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
defence of one may operate as an attack on the other. Should either of these two things happen, the jury may well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 bring in a verdict of guilty."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16349121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Later he says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15208920\charrsid2901439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The fact that there is no case to go to the jury may be a matter of law. Whether a verdict is\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 unreasonable or not having regard to the evidence raise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s, however, a question of fact."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid7407911 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the instant case the learned Magistrate had to decide whether or not there was sufficient evidence of intent, expr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ess or implied from the prosecu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion case before h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e could determine wheth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er or not Defence Counsel's sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
mission should be upheld.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7407911\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7407911\charrsid8533675 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . v. Abbott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1955], 2 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7, the Lord Chief Justice said:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid7407911 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Here we have a question whether or not there was a right decision in point of law by the Judge. In our opini
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on the Judge ought to have said at the end of the case for the prosecution that there was no evidence against the appellant, Abbott, and therefore he was wrong in law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in giving the decision he did."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid7407911 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4269072 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 learned author goes on to say:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid7407911 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 But it is import}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid14694480 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ant\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to remember that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10753427\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bbott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 there had been a submission by Counsel of 'no case to answer'. and this had been rejected by the trial Judge. Where a submission is actually made at the trial the Judge is bound to withdraw, and a failure to do so is thus \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
failure to fulfil a legal duty. The position may well be otherwise where there is not a legal duty to stop the case, but merely a discretion to do so, as is the case where no actual submission is made. It follows that if there is no legal duty, there is n
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  breach of duty, and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ence no point of law involved."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
At the trial of the appellant, the learned Magistrate was under a legal duty to reject the prosecution's case if he found there was no intent proved but, instead, he rejected the submission of Counsel \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
for the defence. This raises the question as to whether or not this Court can have regard to evidence received at the trial after the close of the case f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2323238\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or the prosecution. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2323238\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . v. P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 earson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1908)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7880340\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  79, Lord Alverstone, C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 obiter}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14694480 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  evidence for the defence supported what was wanting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Court would not interfere",}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1908)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  168, Chan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7880340\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nell J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7880340\charrsid16267615 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If no submission is made and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7880340\charrsid16267615 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  prisoner goes on to make state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ments which supply evidence against hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16267615\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m, he \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7167636 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ay be rightly convicted."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid12078407 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It must\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  noted, however, that in both of those cases no submission had been made to the Court at the end of the prosecution case. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . v. Fraser}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1912)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ,7 C}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 99, a submission had been made and refused and the accused went \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on with his defence, calling evidence which, in the event, proved prejudicial to him. He was convicted and appealed. The Court's judgment was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7880340\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  delivered by Lord Alverstone, C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nd in the course of it he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16267615 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Where an objection is taken by Counsel unsu\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ccessfully and he then calls evidence, this Court is not bound to disregard the ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fect of that evidence...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14814933\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
At present the Court is not prepared to follow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Joiner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , but prefers the reasoning in the other two cases." (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. Pearson and R. v. George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11799604 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. Joiner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1910)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 4 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 64, Darling J., had said: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid14814933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8533675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
We are of opinion that it was the duty of the Chairman to withdraw the case from the jury, and we have no right to say otherwise, even if anything adverse to the appellant was elicited afterwards.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Therefore, we take no notice a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s to what happened afterwards."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid14814933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8533675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2498558 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid3941688 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2498558 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  which was disapproved in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Fraser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2498558 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. In another case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R . v. Power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1919)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid2498558 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 572, the Court considered that the law was correctly state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Fraser}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and Darling\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., who it will be noted had expressed an a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pparently opposite dictum in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688\charrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v. Joiner,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 said in the course of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his judgment in the Power case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8717893 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8717893 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This Court agrees that Lord Alverstone's statement of the law was accurate, and that the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8717893 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Joiner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4924876\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 id not put the matter properly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3941688 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8717893 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid10814392 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 obiter dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. The learned author to whom I have referred expresses the opinion that the law in this respect is not yet settled but, with respect, I consi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3749726\charrsid4924876 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 der that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3749726\charrsid10814392 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3749726\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of Darling J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid4924876 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
., to which I have jus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t referred, amounts to an express approval of the correct enunciation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3749726\charrsid4924876 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the law by Lord Alverstone, C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid16349121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8717893 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8149127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The position in the instant case is as follows: Counsel for the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ppellant made a submission of "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8149127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
no case to answer" and that submission was rejected. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Even if it is found that there was in fact no case to answer at the end of the prosecution case the accused, by his action in going on to his defence and calling evidence, voluntarily took the risk of giving evidence and submitting to cross-examination. T
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
at could have proved prejudicial to him and have justified a conviction, in spite of the fact that the learned Magistrate might have erred in law in misdirecting himself that there was in fact a case to answer although in the instant case it would appear}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o be a case of non-direction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8149127 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8149127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
At the trial, Taraivina Lewatu, the complainant, gave evidence and explained that she had been employed by the appellant since 1949. She had received a cheque from him for \'a3\loch\f0 50, apparently on the 12th of February, and had cash
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed that cheque. After having do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid8149127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ne so she returned to the appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid8149127 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lant's house where some conversation took place about her having her lunch. She claimed that she was told to go and search for a place for lunch, implying that the appellant was showing anger at\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 her presence. The allegation of the prosecution was that the appellant had given her \'a3\loch\f0 50 as a final payment for her services in order to ensure that she left his premises altogether. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is evidence to support this but all of such evidence merely shows \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a state of mind and, although it might in some circumstances support an allegation of intent it is not sufficient alone to prove that fact. It was on February the 14th that the complainant was wounded in the foot. She spoke of the appellant being in a hig
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  temper and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 later in her evidence she said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3307349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I knew he was intendi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng to clear me from the house."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3307349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and later s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10814392 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he said she moved down to the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
little hut" which the evidence seems to indicate was the toilet. She looked at the appellant and saw that he had a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 gun so she did not look any more at him but ran forwards away from the appellant. She said also, in apparent conflict, that the gun was pointed at her for five minutes. She described how an Indian was working close by but did not say anything; merely wen
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to take the gun away from the appellant after she had been wounded. Later she said that the appellant could hear what the Indian said and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 then she spoke in Hindi saying:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3307349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Look out t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he Sahib is coming with a gun."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8087418 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807\charrsid1443828 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
There is complete conflict in evidence o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
f the complainant. The appellant has always claimed that the wounding of the complainant was an accident. He claimed that he was out trying to shoot a white rooster which had been causing trouble amongst the fowls which he kept. The complainant said there
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was no w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hite cockerel out that morning.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The complainant was challenged in cross-examination and asked whether or not she was putting forward her story in order to obtain money f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rom the appellant and she said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3307349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is true, I have told this in court in the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  hope that I would get s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ome money out of Mr. Chalmers."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 She denied that Mr. Chalmers had been in the habit of shooting roosters which were worrying the hens, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 when asked to write the words "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 old man killed a rooster" she did so in English and was later \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shown a diary in which there was writing in her own hand saying" old }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 man killed a rooster}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1443828\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid1443828 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
She admitted that that must be correct and that he did kill a rooster, but she went on to allege that he had done it with a cane knife. It seems clear that she was \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prevaricating at this stage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15928180 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1443828\charrsid15928180 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
When Counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15928180 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
appellant pressed the complainant again about getting money out of the case the learned Magistrate intervened, "Of course she expects to. If an injured person cannot get compensation for actions of crime or\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 negligence, there is something wrong." That interjection was unjustified because the purpose of her endeavouring to claim money from the appellant had not, at that stage, been disclosed and her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 credibility had become suspect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid15928180 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 She denied that she had said\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ellant after she had been shot:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3500366\charrsid140605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3307349 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Don't }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11810807 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
worry old man. It is my fault."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9262621 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
But the girl who was with her at the time said that she heard the complainant use those words. In other words it is clear that the complainant, immediately after she was sh\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ot, took the blame for what she must have considered then to have been an accident. This does not agree in any way with the evidence she gave. It is clear that she was lying as it is, indeed, with the witness Salima. In these circumstances the Magistrat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7156228\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as not justified in consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing their evidence at all, particularly as it had been demonstrated to him that the accused was holding the shotgun in a position described by the Magistrate as being at the port. Had the learned Magistrate not refused the initi
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al application of the prosecution to proceed on a different charge, the result might well have been different and the prosecution would certainly have been more content. If}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3500366\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Magistrate had rejected the evidence of Salima and Lewatu there was nothing lef\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t against the appellant except the evidence of the Indian who was said to have been present at the time. B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11287447\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 his evidence is also in conflict with that of Lewatu. I do not need to deal with it in any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13174805\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
detail but with such unsatisfac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tory evidence the Magistr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ate certainly was not in any position to find that the appellant's intention to wound the complainant had been proved by the prosecution. It certainly had not by the end of the prosecution case. The appellant gave evidence but there was nothing in that ev
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dence which conflicted with the story he had maintained and which had become disclosed by cross-examination. Even if he was angry at the time the gun was discharged that does not show any intent to do grievous harm or to wound Lewatu and even if he had in
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fact wanted to terminate her services that proves nothing conclusive. There is much more evidence from the prosecution which is in fact in favour of the defence, but I do not find}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1058814 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  it necessary to refer to it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I can find nothing in the defence case w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11287447\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hich i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s so prejudicial to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
appellant that he should have had a conviction entered against him. Throughout the whole trial there is no reliable evidence to show that he intended to wound Lewatu. In fact the evidence discloses a reasonable inference that the sh
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ots from the appellant's gun entered the foot of the complainant after striking the ground nearby. Medical evidence described the position of the wound and shows the impossi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11287447\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bility of the evidence of Salim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a to the effect that Lewatu was backing away from th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8136830 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
llant when the appellant fired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3307349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The only other point with which I need deal is that containe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11287447\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in ground 3 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11287447\charrsid8136830 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) of the Petition of Appeal to the effect that the defence applied in writing to the prosecution for the written statements given to the Pol\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ice by the witnesses in connexion with the incident. The prosecution refused to allow the perusal of such statements which fact Counsel for the defence claimed had been prejudicial to his case and had possibly c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8420571\charrsid140605 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aused a substantial miscarriage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid140605 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of justice. T\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he principle to be followed in such matters is well settled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9911964 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . If}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8420571\charrsid9911964 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9911964 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the prosecution have in their possess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8420571\charrsid9911964 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9911964 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8420571\charrsid9911964 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s made to the Police by any wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9911964 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nesses who give evidence on behalf of the prosecution and it is shown when that evidence is being adduced that \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
it is in conflict with any such statement there is a moral obligation on the prosecutor to hand the particular statement to Counsel for the defence to enable him to cross-examine the witness as to the discrepancies and so challenge his credibility. It is 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
o duty of the prosecution to press for a conviction in any event and certainly there should be no question of seeking a conviction when the evidence given by the prosecution's own witnesses is in conflict in material respects with any statements given by 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uch witnesses to the Police. I would make it clear, however, that there is no legal duty on the prosecution to hand over any such statements but, as I have said, it is a moral duty which s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8136830 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hould never be lost sight of.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid8136830\charrsid16349121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9262621\charrsid9911964 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the reasons I have given I allowe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13314583\charrsid9262621 
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