{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};} {\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;} {\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};} {\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};} {\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};} {\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};} {\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};} {\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};} {\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;} {\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;} {\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;} {\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;} {\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};} {\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};} {\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};} {\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};} {\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};} {\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};} {\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};} {\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};} {\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;} {\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;} {\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};} {\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};} {\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};} {\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};} {\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};} {\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};} {\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};} {\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};} {\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};} {\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};} {\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};} {\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;} {\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;} {\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};} {\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};} {\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};} {\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};} {\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0; \red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \fs22\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{ \s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs48\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs48\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning36\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext1 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid10951028 heading 1;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs48 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs48\kerning36 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid10951028 Heading 1 Char;}{ \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext16 \spriority0 Default;}{ \s17\ql \li0\ri0\sl200\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM1;}{ \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM7;}{ \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM2;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl200\slmult0 \nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM4;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl200\slmult0 \nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM5;}{ \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM8;}{ \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM9;}{\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl200\slmult0 \nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon16 \snext16 CM6;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14629172 annotation reference;}{\s26\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext26 \slink27 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14629172 annotation text;}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20 \sbasedon10 \slink26 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14629172 Comment Text Char;}{\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon26 \snext26 \slink29 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14629172 annotation subject;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20 \sbasedon27 \slink28 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14629172 Comment Subject Char;}{\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f38\hich\af38\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \slink31 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14629172 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16 \sbasedon10 \slink30 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14629172 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10951028 citation;}{ \s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext33 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid1653767 No Spacing;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid2138813111\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc10\levelnfcn10\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;} \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0 \levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 } {\listname ;}\listid481978875}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid481978875\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp2\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0} {\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp2\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid132342\rsid163686\rsid991661\rsid1260731\rsid1653767\rsid2124562\rsid2319861\rsid2633563\rsid2691996\rsid3373485\rsid3419514 \rsid4145887\rsid4283841\rsid4663141\rsid5051255\rsid5058997\rsid5063644\rsid5256926\rsid5274952\rsid5715119\rsid5731592\rsid5853003\rsid6174826\rsid6567001\rsid6627609\rsid6760940\rsid6827022\rsid6959745\rsid7370545\rsid7559710\rsid7815198\rsid7883174 \rsid8087752\rsid8211677\rsid8332523\rsid8399256\rsid8595847\rsid8683344\rsid8729521\rsid8872563\rsid8995723\rsid9045169\rsid9333232\rsid9457934\rsid9529186\rsid9858129\rsid9919553\rsid10035013\rsid10498278\rsid10561676\rsid10573127\rsid10759118 \rsid10824823\rsid10951028\rsid12482648\rsid12609955\rsid12784640\rsid13008628\rsid13046817\rsid13191400\rsid13451435\rsid13637561\rsid14095277\rsid14291616\rsid14375638\rsid14434971\rsid14564685\rsid14629172\rsid14947060\rsid14955364\rsid15026562 \rsid15083007\rsid15148922\rsid15353682\rsid15813627\rsid16521302}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author lakhan_n}{\operator sam_f} {\creatim\yr2014\mo1\dy29\hr15\min14}{\revtim\yr2014\mo3\dy21\hr8\min39}{\version7}{\edmins36}{\nofpages21}{\nofwords4207}{\nofchars23984}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws28135}{\vern32773}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wo rdml}}\paperw7881\paperh13214\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701 \dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale200\rsidroot9858129 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1653767\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1 \pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5 \pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s33\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4663141\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1956-1957] 5 FLR 43 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 IN THE }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1653767\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6174826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid14434971 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6174826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6174826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6174826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Civil Action No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2319861 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 54 of 1956}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14434971 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QUEENSL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND INSURANCE CO. LTD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid6174826 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14434971 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AND}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14434971 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 FIJI BUILDERS LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16521302 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid6174826 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid1653767\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Res ipsa loquitur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -no explanation of accident-insufficient to discharge onus of disproving negligence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The defendant company was employed by Messrs. Burns Philp & Co. to erect two refrigerator chambers at the latter's Lautoka premises. A fire occurred in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the second chamber in which two of Burns Philp's employees were injured. Burns Philp assigned their right of action to the plaintiff insurance company. The plaintiff company instituted this action for damages alleging that the fire occurred through the ne \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ligence of the defendant company or its servants. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Held:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6174826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1) The accident was such as in the ordinary cause of things does not happen if those who have the management use proper care; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) The defendants had not discharged the onus thus thrown upon them of disproving negligence. The most they did was not to explain the accident but to show that it was inexplicable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) That the defendants were negligent in their handling of a dangerous and hazardous substance (bitumen) and this was the cause of the fire. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) The defendants had failed to observe the standard of duty of a reasonable prudent employer. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14564685\charrsid1653767 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment for t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he plaintiff company. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14564685\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14564685\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rothschild v. Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1851]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 18 L.T.R.O.S. 334. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blenkiron v. Great Central Gas Consumers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1860]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 Foster and Finlason 437. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hornal v. Neuberger Products Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1956] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 970. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14955364 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moore v. R. Fox & Sons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1956]1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 182. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971\charrsid6174826 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the plaintiff company. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. Munro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the defendant company. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14955364\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 RAGN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14955364\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AR HYNE, C.J. [11th April, 1957]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14955364\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14955364\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 This is an action in which the plaintiff claims from the defendant the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 471 13 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s. 4d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13046817\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The plaintiffs are the assignees of Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd., a company duly incorporated in the Colony of Fiji and carrying on business at Lautoka and elsewhere. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The statement of claim sets out that on or about \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 12th November, 1954, a fire occurred in the refrigerator chambers of premises at Lautoka owned and occupied by Messrs. Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd. As a result of such fire Burns Philp (S.S.) Co. Ltd. claim that they suffered damage to the extent of } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5731592\charrsid1653767 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'a3\loch\f0 4\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1 13s. 4d. which sum the plaintiff company, as insurers, duly paid to Burns }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5731592\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Phi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lp. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 28th October, 1955, by a deed of assignment between Messrs. Burns Philp of the one part and the plaintiff company of the other part, Burns Philp assigned, transfer\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 red and set over to the plaintiff all rights, causes of action, claims and demands arising out of and in respect of the fire and or the loss or damage thereby occasioned. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7559710\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13451435\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f such assignment was, it was claimed, given on behalf of the plaintiff c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ompany on or about the 16th day of January, 1956. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Except that the fire is admitted and that the amount claimed has not been paid, the defence is a denial of the whole statement of claim. At the same time the deed of assignment elated 28th October, 1955, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and the notice of assignment dated 16th January, 1956, were put in as exhibits by consent and the defendant is therefore not disputin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6627609\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g that there was such an assign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment and that he had due notice thereof. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for the plaintiff, in his opening address\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , said he relied on the doctrine of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 res ipsa loquitur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and he cited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid14434971 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Salmond on Torts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 10th edition, page 443: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14434971 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The rule that it is for the plaintiff to prove negligence and not for the defendant to disprove it, is in some }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid132342\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cases, one of considerable hard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 p to the plaintiff because it may be that the true cause of the accident lies solely within the knowledge of the defendant who caused it. The plaintiff can prove the accident but he cannot prove how it happened so as to show its origin was the negligence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f the defendant. This hardship is avoided to a considerable extent by the rule of res }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ipsa loquitur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There are many cases in which the accident speaks for itself so that it is sufficient for the plaintiff to prove the accident and nothing more. He is then \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 entitled to have the case submitted to the Jury and it is for the defendant, if he can, to persuade the Jury that the accident arose through no negligence of his." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts in this case are that the defendant company were employed by Messrs. Burns Philp \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and Co. to erect refrigerator chambers at Burns Philp's premises at Lautoka. Two chambers were to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5058997\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 erected, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 one beside the other near the bulk store. The chambers were of concrete and the method adopted for lining the chambers was to use some cork mater\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ial dipped in liquid bitumen. The bitumen was boiled outside in a large container, taken by some receptacle out of the boiler, placed in a smaller container and carried into the chamber where it was poured into certain dishes or trays. The cork was then d \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pped in the bitumen, impaled on a forklike instrument, and placed on the wall. According to the manager of the defendant company, there were six men employed but the employees themselves say that five men were employed, one boiling the bitumen, another ca \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rying bitumen into the chamber and three persons working in the chamber. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 12th November, 1954, a fire occurre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8595847\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d in the second chamber and two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the employees were injured and taken to hospital. It is alleged by the plaintiff company that the fire o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ccurred t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6627609\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hrough the negligence of the de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fendants or their servants. If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 res ipsa loquitur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rule applies, then it is the duty of the defendants to prove there was no negligence. All that the plaintiff company has to establish is the fact that the fire, i.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e. the accident, took place. That a fire did take place has been clearly established. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the plaintiff company evidence was given by Mr. Lawler who gave particulars of the policy under which the property was insured. It was a comprehensive policy issued\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by the Queensland Insurance Co. of Suva, covering a large number of the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9333232\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s buildings in the Lautoka area. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Mr. Lawler said that a claim was received from Messrs. Burns Philp & Co., Lautoka, for \'a3\loch\f0 471 13s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14564685\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4d. and that the amount was pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 id on 21st \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 March, 1955. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In cross-examination Mr. Lawler said that it was not, as far as he knew, a good-will payment. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Smith, a clerk in Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd., at Lautoka, said his firm carried out the usual formalities in respect of the insurance c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 laim, and that the insurance company gave approval for the carrying out of certain repairs rendered necessary by the fire. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The cost of materials used in repairing amounted to \'a3\loch\f0 329 16s. 4d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9333232\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 . Labour amounted to \'a3\loch\f0 \hich\f0 141 17s. 0d. including \'a3\loch\f0 12 0s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. for taking\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 out the damaged cork. A sum of \'a3\loch\f0 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9333232\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. was paid to Burns Philp for two drums of bitumen. This is incl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9333232\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 uded in the item \'a3\loch\f0 329 16s. 4d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9333232\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 f which \'a3\loch\f0 306 14s. 4d. represented the cost of cork. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Johnson, principal witness for the plaintiff company, gave e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vidence concerning the method of working. To this, reference has already been made. The heating was done, he says, in a 100 gallon oblong mild steel container. The fire was in a grate under the container. Five or six men were working on the job. One was s \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oking, one was pouring bitumen into another container, one was carrying it inside and two were putting it on. In the chamber the bitumen was poured into trays 2 feet 6 inches long by 18 inches wide by 2 feet to 3 feet deep. The heat in the chambers was ve \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y great and the workmen employed inside had to come out at regular intervals because the fumes from the bitumen made it difficult to breathe. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Johnson saw bitumen being poured at various times and on at least three or four occasions he saw the bitumen \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 break into flame when poured from a height. To extinguis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5853003\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h the flame a dirty piece of ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g was slung over the top. The flame, when it did occur, always occurred in the pouring process. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On 12th November Mr. Johnson saw smoke coming from one of the chambers\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and a man rushing towards him. He thereupon got a foam fire extinguisher which was near his desk and proceeded to the chamber where by this time the flame was several feet wide. He also sent for the fire brigade. He put the flame out in a few minutes. Th \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 floor was a mess of soaking cork. The injured workmen were sent to hospital. In cross-examination he said the container in which the bitumen was heated was 25 to 30 feet from the building. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the defendants, evidence was given by Mr. Keith Alfred Marlo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w. Mr. Marlow has had previous experience in the building of refrigerator chambers. He said that the method of work at the chambers which he was erecting at Burns Philip & Company's Store at Lautoka was exactly the same as that adopted on previous occasio \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s. It was originally intended that instead of b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 itumen, some substance called "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 emastic" was to be used. By agreement, however, the bitumen was substituted for emastic. The bitumen, he said, had to be heated up to 350 degrees F. before being used. He did not\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , however, know the danger point and he-did not agree with Mr. Johnson that flame would result if the material were poured from a height of 15 inches. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Marlow was in sole charge of the work and admitted it was done entirely under his supervision and q \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 uite independently of, and without instructions from, Burns Philp. He claimed that he took all reasonable precautions in the carrying out of the work and that he did not regard the operation as unduly dangerous or hazardous. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the same time that he was \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 responsible for the work at Burns Philp's store at Lautoka, he had six other jobs at Ba and Tavua which also required his personal supervision. He said, however, that he inspected the Burns Philp job at least once a day, sometimes 3 or 4 times a day (when \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the work was at the dangerous stage). He told his men how to manage the work and told them to be well covered and to be very careful in carrying hot materials generally. There was no question of mixing bitumen. He does not agree with Mr. Johnson that the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oiler was 25 to 30 feet from the building but says it was about 40 feet from the building. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434971 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In cross-examination he admitted that if reasonable precautions had been taken there should not have been a fire. In re-examination, however, he said he could not \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 say what reasonable precautions might have been taken to prevent the fire. He also admitted that there was no thermometer or gauge of any kind on the boiler. The only way in which they could tell that the bitumen was ready to use was when it began to bubb \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e and the only way in which the workmen could ascertain the temperature was by looking at it. He has no facts as to the cause of the fire. He made inquiries but these revealed nothing concrete. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He said Latchi Prasad (or Lakshmi Prasad) was a skilled work\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 man and that Salik Ram was also a skilled workman. Latchi Prasad had had previous experience in the building of a refrigerator chamber. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The next witness, Mr. A. H. Marlow, Managing Director of Fiji Builders, said that there are no specialised workers in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 so far as refrigerator chambers are concerned as there are not enough chambers built for anyone to specialise. He said, however, that the men employed were reasonable for the job. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The bitumen used was what is known as residual bitumen obtained from the d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 istillation of petroleum products. It can ignite below 350 degrees F. if it contains much oil. He admitted that the use of molten bitumen is a hazardous process and that there is an inherent danger connected with it, in that it is not known how volatile i \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is. Having left the boiler, it could be ignited by rapid movement through the air by carrying or pouring. Any fires caused however, could easily be put out by sacking or by foam extinguisher. In cross-examination he agreed that there were no fire extingu \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shers in the chambers as far as he knew. He did not agree with Mr. K. A. Marlow that the fire could have be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15148922\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en avoided if reasonable precau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tions had been taken. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lakshmi Prasad who was the principal workman, explained the method of work. His duty was to im \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 merse the cork in the bitumen and place it on the wall. Two men, Salik Ram and Ram Kripal were also working in the chamber. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the 12th November, 1954, these three were in the chamber when the bitumen was brought in by Satraj. Prasad said it was pitch bl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ack inside and there was no light except through a small door. There was enough light until the bitumen was dropped when the fumes darkened the room. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In cross-examination he said he did not mean the only light was that coming through the door. There was \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 electric light also, but when this was switched off, then the only light was that which came through the door. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The fire occurred about mid-day. Satraj brought bitumen and tried to pour it into the dish provided, which stood one foot from the door. As he \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 poured, the bitumen suddenly ignited. Satraj left the dish with bitumen in it and ran outside. Prasad said that Satraj's method of pouring was exactly the same as the method adopted on other occasions, except that on this occasion he was pouring from a st \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oping position. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The witness had had no previous experience of bitumen catching fire and did not know that it could catch fire. No one told him that there was any danger. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15026562\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that there was nothing in the chamber with which to extinguish a fire. He h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ad never experienced fires before although he had been employed in the construction of a refrigerator chamber for one Eddy Hin. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There was no meter or gauge to indicate the temperature of the bitumen. Prasad was subordinate in his work to Mr. Marlow. Mr. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Marlow had warned them of the danger of smoking or lighting matches but they were never told of any other danger. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The next witness was Salik Ram who was assistant to Lakshmi Prasad. He confirmed that Satraj brought the bitumen to the chamber and that as \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he poured it into the dish, the bitumen blazed up. His pouring was just as usual. When the fire occurred he placed a piece of cork on the floor to enable him to get out. As he tried to do this, he tipped the canister left by Satraj near the door, and fell .\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cross-examined, he said there was an electric light bulb in the chamber, but a very poor one, as it was often shorting. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 No instruction was given to them as to how bitumen should be poured, either by Mr. Marlow or by their foreman, nor did this witness\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 know there was any danger in over-heating bitumen. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ram Kripal, the third person working in the chamber, also said that bitumen caught alight when Satraj poured it }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8332523\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 into the dish. In cross-examina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion he said this was the first time that he had worked wit\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h bitumen, that he had no knowledge of its properties and was not told of the danger in pouring. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The last witness, Satraj, was the man who carried the bitumen and poured it into the canister. He brought it from the boiler outside. When he collected it on\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 this last occasion, he said that it appeared to be slightly thinner than on previous occasions. He poured it in the usual manner but a fire broke out after half the quantity had been poured out. Someone suggested that they should get a wet bag to put the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fire out. There was, however, no wet bag in the chamber. There was nothing in the chamber for putting out the fire. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The defence is that there was no negligence and that the fire was the result of pure accident. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Learned counsel for defendants submitted \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the the question for the court's decision is-could resulting damage have been avoided by reasonable pre-cautions thereafter taken on the part of the defendant? He submitted that matters happened so quickly after the accident, that there was no opportunity \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to exercise any other precautions than those taken by Mr. Johnson. He submitted further that the company cannot rely on paragraphs A and B of the particulars filed because there was no mixing of bitumen and that therefore the plaintiffs must rely on parag \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aph C of the particulars. This reads as follows:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6174826 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 No proper precautions were taken by the defendant company to prevent ignition of the bitumen and no proper precautions were taken by the defendant company to see that the work upon which they were engaged\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 did not damage the plaintiff company." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6827022\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agree there was no mixing of bitumen. The real issue however is whether there was negligence on the part of defendants' servants. The non-mixing of bitumen does not negative negligence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Learned counsel for the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 plaintiffs relies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6827022\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6827022\charrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 res ipsa loquitur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6827022\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rule. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 think this is a case where the rule should apply. The plaintiff has established that there was an accident, namely the fire, but he is not in a position to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6827022\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prove how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it happened. The burden of proving that\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 there was no negligence, therefore, rests on the defendants. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for defendant in the course of argument quoted extensively from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Halsbury,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Volume 23, where it deals with the general principles of liability for negligence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He submitted that Messrs.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Burns Philp & Co., must have known there was an element of danger in the work and he emphasized that they supplied materials including the bitumen. That is to say, there was contributory negligence on the part of the company. He also submitted that Burns \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Philp and Co., consented to the use of dangerous materials. This, he argued was a good defence. He quoted as authority, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Halsbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2nd edition, Volume 23, page 715, paragraph 1006: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Where the plaintiff relies on the breach of some duty to take care, other\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 than the direct breach of a statutory duty owed by the defendant to him, it is a good defence that the plaintiff consented to that breach of duty, or, knowing of it, voluntarily incurred the whole risk entailed in it." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Neithe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5715119\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r contributory negligence no\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5715119\charrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lenti non fit injuria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was pleaded in the defence, which was a simple denial of negligence, and Counsel cannot, at this stage therefore raise these as part of his defence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel also submitted that Burns Philp must have appreciated the danger as the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y insured against it. The Company did not, however, specifically insure against this danger-learned counsel admitted this. The two chambers were covered by the company's comprehensive policy which covered all its buildings at Lautoka. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Learned counsel als\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o refe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rred to paragraph 829 and note "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 U" on pages 577 and 578 respectively of the 23rd volume of the 2nd edition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Halsbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The paragraph in question reads as follows:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The practice of a profession, art or calling which, from its nature, demands some s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pecial skill, ability and experience, carries with it a representation that the person practising or exercising it, possesses, to a reasonable extent, the amount of skill, ability and experience which it demands. Such a person is liable for injury caused \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o another to whom he owes a duty to take care, if he fails to possess that amount of skill and experience which is usual in his profession or calling." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The note to which he referred is as follows:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It has been said that, where no extraordinary degree o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f skill is contracted for, the fact that five out of ten skilled and experienced members of a particular profession would have done the same act or have come to the same conclusion as that complained of as negligent on the part of the defendant, entitles \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he latter to a verdict." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is contended by counsel that no special skill or care was required, nor were such requirements imposed on the defendant company. He contended that the work was done in the normal manner and that the defendant company cannot be \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 held responsible. He contended that they did what was usually done in similar work, with the standard of care}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "founded on a consideration of the care which would be observed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by a prudent and reasonable man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is further submitted that defendants had b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 een engaged in similar work earlier, and that one chamber had been completed, without any mishap. This does not necessarily negative negligence, and conclusively establish, as the defence contends, that what happen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid163686\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed was the result of simple, un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 av}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid163686\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oidable a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ccident or that the ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t complained of could reasonably have happened without negligence on defendant's part. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel cited cases numbered 90,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid163686\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 91 and 97 in Replacement Volume No. 36 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 English and Empire Digest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I think it only necessary to refe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r to the second and third cases. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rothschild v. Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1851] 18 LTROS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 334, it was said: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Where negligence is sought to be imported into such a case it is allowable to defendants to show that they and other carriers have been acc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ustomed to deal with such goods in the same manner and without loss for a great number of years." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present case the defendants had only twice before this erected refrigerator chambers. The only other such chamber in respect of which evidence was gi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ven was that of Eddie Hin's. In that case, however, the walls were dealt with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the roof was on the chamber. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I do not think therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rothschild and Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 helps the defendant to any extent. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Blenkiron v. Great Central Gas C\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onsumers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1860]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 Foster and Finlason, page 437, it was said: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is not enough that they do what is usual, if the course ordinarily pursued is imprudent and careless; .... on the other hand, in considering what is reasonable, it is important to consid\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er what is usually done by persons acting in a similar business." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We have, however, no evidence of what other persons did, except in the case of Eddie Hin, where the same was not done exactly as in the present case. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Finally, learned counsel for defenda\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nts cited the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hornal v. Neuberger Products Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1956] 3 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , p. 970, which deals with the standard of proof, and the balance of probabilities. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the headnote to this case it was said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The standard of proof applicable was the civil standard o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f a balance of probability, which, however, was not an absolute standard, since within it, the degree of probability required to establish proof might vary according to the gravity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the allegation to be proved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As I understand counsel this is the stan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dard to be applied to the question of accident in this action, the contention being that on a balance of probabilities the fire on 12th November, 1954, was the result of accident, and not the result of negligence on the part of the defendants. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9045169\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 reason\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s hereinafter appearing, I am unable to accept the contention that what happened was the result of simple, unavoidable accident. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for the plaintiff has submitted that the operation in connection with the refrigerator chambers was wholly under the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 management and control of the defendant company and the presumption of negligence was raised against them on the proof of fire occurring. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 He referred to the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moore v. R. Fox & Sons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1956]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1 All England Reports, page 182. In that case a workman emp\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 loyed by the defendant was fatally injured by the explosion of gas apparatus on defendant's premises. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It was held that:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9045169\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (i) the maxim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid8399256 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 res ipsa loquitur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 applied as the plant was under the management of the defendants or their servants and the accide\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt was such as in the ordinary course of things would not have happened if proper care had been taken and \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8399256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (ii) the defendants had failed so to explain the accident as to discharge the onus which was on them to show either that the explosion was due to a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 specific cause not connoting their negligence or that they used all reasonable care in and about the management of the plant, it being insufficient for the defendants merely to show that the accident could have happened without negligence on their part." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8399256 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the course of his judgment in this case the learned Master of the Rolls said as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9529186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The foundation of all subsequent authority is found in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Scott v. London Dock Co}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . (5) [1865]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hurlstone and Coltman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 596)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2633563\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The language of Erle, C.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., which is\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the basis of all that has since followed, was- \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9529186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13008628\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but where the thing is shown to be under the management of the defendant or his servants, and the accident is such as in the ordinary course of things does not happen if those who have the management use p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 roper care, it affords reasonable evidence, in the absence of explanation by the defendants, that the accident arose from want of care.' " \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Master of the Rolls then goes on to say-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5256926\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13191400 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "I}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n my judgment this passage is directly applicable to the fa\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cts of the present case; for the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hing, that is the machine, was '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 under the management of the defendant or his servants, and the accident was such as in the ordinary course of things does not happen if those who have th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e management use proper care' .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .. Fur\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 thermore, the sum of the defendants' evidence was not to explain the accident but to show that it was inexplicable." \par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1653767 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the present action, it has, I think, been abundantly established that the work was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "under the management of the defendant and his serv\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ants" and I think the evidence also clearly shows that" the accident was such as in the ordinary course of things does not happen if those who have the management use proper care". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This is the foundation of the rule o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10573127\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10573127\charrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 res ipsa loquit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and this being so\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , I think the rule can properly b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e applied to this present case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186\charrsid1653767 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The onus was therefore on the defendant to negative negligence on their part. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Such negligence was not proved by the plaintiffs. They were under no duty so to do, but it was elicited by \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 them in cross-examination. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the first place it was admitted by one of the defendants' principal witnesses-all their witnesses, it is only fair to say, gave their evidence in a scrupulously straight-forward and hones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9457934\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t manner-that if reasonable pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cautio\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ns had been taken there would have been no fire. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is clear that no adequate instructions were given to the workmen even though it was acknowledged by the defendants that this was a hazardous operation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9457934\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was further established that no thermometer or g\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 auge was used on the boiler in which the bitumen was boiled, that there was no adequate light inside the rooms in which the workmen were employed and that there was no fire fighting equipment, neither extinguishers nor sacking, in the refrigerator chamber .\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Furthermore, it was admitted by Satraj in his evidence, that on the last occasion when he poured bitumen before the fire occurred, the bitumen was thinner, thereby indicating it was hotter than on previous occasions. It was admitted too by one of the wit \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 esses for the defendants that if hot bitumen were carried through the air hurriedly, it might ignite. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lastly, there is the evidence of plaintiffs' witness, Mr. Johnson, whom I also believe, who testified that on four occasions at least he had seen the bi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tumen burst into flame when poured from a height of 15 inches. This certainly must have been known to the persons who boiled the bitumen and who poured the bitumen into the container which was taken into the room. There is no evidence that as a result of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his any special precautions were taken. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I find as a fact, therefore, that defendants were negligent in their handling of a dangerous and hazardous substance and that this was the cause of the fire. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It has been argued by learned counsel for the defence \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the defendants did on this occasion, what was always done before. It is submitted by plaintiffs' counsel that what the defendant company had done before is no answer, because the negligence existed earlier as it existed at the time of the accident. W \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th this I am bound to agree. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am satisfied, that the defendants have not discharged the onus which was thrown upon them of disproving negligence on their part. All they say is that the fire occurred as the result of an a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15813627\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ccident and that there is no ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 anation forthcoming. In other words, the most they did, using the language of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid13191400 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moore v. Fox & Sons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , at page 188, was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9529186 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "not to explain the accident but to show that it was inexplicable". \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Having carefully considered the evidence and the sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14947060\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 missions and argum\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent of counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , I am impelled to the conclusion that the defendants failed to observe the standard of duty, departure from which amounts to negligence, that is, the standard of a reasonable, prudent employer. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13191400 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9858129\charrsid1653767 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There will, therefore, be judgment for the pl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aintiffs for the amount claimed. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3419514\charrsid1653767 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7 065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000 00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08 84a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b63095120f88d94fbc 52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462a1a82fe353 bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468 656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b4b0d592c9c 070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b4757e8d3f7 29e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b03041400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65 312e786d6cec594f6fdb3614bf0fd87720746f6327761a07758ad8b19b2d4d1bc46e871e698996d850a240d2497d1bdae38001c3ba618715d86d87615b8116d8 a5fb34d93a6c1dd0afb0475292c5585e9236d88aad3e2412f9e3fbff1e1fa9abd7eec70c1d1221294fda5efd72cd4324f1794093b0eddd1ef62fad79482a9c04 98f184b4bd2991deb58df7dfbb8ad755446282607d22d771db8b944ad79796a40fc3585ee62949606ecc458c15bc8a702910f808e8c66c69b9565b5d8a314d3c 94e018c8de1a8fa94fd05093f43672e23d06af89927ac06762a049136785c10607758d9053d965021d62d6f6804fc08f86e4bef210c352c144dbab999fb7b471 7509af678b985ab0b6b4ae6f7ed9ba6c4170b06c788a705430adf71bad2b5b057d03606a1ed7ebf5babd7a41cf00b0ef83a6569632cd467faddec9699640f671 9e76b7d6ac355c7c89feca9cccad4ea7d36c65b258a206641f1b73f8b5da6a6373d9c11b90c537e7f08dce66b7bbeae00dc8e257e7f0fd2badd5868b37a088d1 e4600ead1ddaef67d40bc898b3ed4af81ac0d76a197c86826828a24bb318f3442d8ab518dfe3a20f000d6458d104a9694ac6d88728eee2782428d60cf03ac1a5 193be4cbb921cd0b495fd054b5bd0f530c1931a3f7eaf9f7af9e3f45c70f9e1d3ff8e9f8e1c3e3073f5a42ceaa6d9c84e5552fbffdeccfc71fa33f9e7ef3f2d1 17d57859c6fffac327bffcfc793510d26726ce8b2f9ffcf6ecc98baf3efdfdbb4715f04d814765f890c644a29be408edf3181433567125272371be15c308d3f2 8acd249438c19a4b05fd9e8a1cf4cd296699771c393ac4b5e01d01e5a30a787d72cf1178108989a2159c77a2d801ee72ce3a5c545a6147f32a99793849c26ae6 6252c6ed637c58c5bb8b13c7bfbd490a75330f4b47f16e441c31f7184e140e494214d273fc80900aedee52ead87597fa824b3e56e82e451d4c2b4d32a423279a 668bb6690c7e9956e90cfe766cb37b077538abd27a8b1cba48c80acc2a841f12e698f13a9e281c57911ce298950d7e03aba84ac8c154f8655c4f2af074481847 bd804859b5e696007d4b4edfc150b12addbecba6b18b148a1e54d1bc81392f23b7f84137c2715a851dd0242a633f900710a218ed715505dfe56e86e877f0034e 16bafb0e258ebb4faf06b769e888340b103d3311da9750aa9d0a1cd3e4efca31a3508f6d0c5c5c398602f8e2ebc71591f5b616e24dd893aa3261fb44f95d843b 5974bb5c04f4edafb95b7892ec1108f3f98de75dc97d5772bdff7cc95d94cf672db4b3da0a6557f70db629362d72bcb0431e53c6066acac80d699a6409fb44d0 8741bdce9c0e4971624a2378cceaba830b05366b90e0ea23aaa241845368b0eb9e2612ca8c742851ca251ceccc70256d8d87265dd96361531f186c3d9058edf2 c00eafe8e1fc5c509031bb4d680e9f39a3154de0accc56ae644441edd76156d7429d995bdd88664a9dc3ad50197c38af1a0c16d684060441db02565e85f3b966 0d0713cc48a0ed6ef7dedc2dc60b17e92219e180643ed27acffba86e9c94c78ab90980d8a9f0913ee49d62b512b79626fb06dccee2a432bbc60276b9f7dec44b 7904cfbca4f3f6443ab2a49c9c2c41476dafd55c6e7ac8c769db1bc399161ee314bc2e75cf8759081743be1236ec4f4d6693e5336fb672c5dc24a8c33585b5fb 9cc24e1d4885545b58463634cc5416022cd19cacfccb4d30eb45296023fd35a458598360f8d7a4003bbaae25e331f155d9d9a5116d3bfb9a95523e51440ca2e0 088dd844ec6370bf0e55d027a012ae264c45d02f708fa6ad6da6dce29c255df9f6cae0ec38666984b372ab5334cf640b37795cc860de4ae2816e95b21be5ceaf 8a49f90b52a51cc6ff3355f47e0237052b81f6800fd7b802239daf6d8f0b1571a8426944fdbe80c6c1d40e8816b88b8569082ab84c36ff0539d4ff6dce591a26 ade1c0a7f669880485fd484582903d284b26fa4e2156cff62e4b9265844c4495c495a9157b440e091bea1ab8aaf7760f4510eaa69a6465c0e04ec69ffb9e65d0 28d44d4e39df9c1a52ecbd3607fee9cec7263328e5d661d3d0e4f62f44acd855ed7ab33cdf7bcb8ae889599bd5c8b3029895b6825696f6af29c239b75a5bb1e6 345e6ee6c28117e73586c1a2214ae1be07e93fb0ff51e133fb65426fa843be0fb515c187064d0cc206a2fa926d3c902e907670048d931db4c1a44959d366ad93 b65abe595f70a75bf03d616c2dd959fc7d4e6317cd99cbcec9c58b34766661c7d6766ca1a9c1b327531486c6f941c638c67cd22a7f75e2a37be0e82db8df9f30 254d30c1372581a1f51c983c80e4b71ccdd28dbf000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f74 68656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f24 51eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e3198 720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528 a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c0200001300000000000000000000000000 000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b000000000000000000000000 002b0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c00000000000000000000000000140200007468 656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210096b5ade296060000501b000016000000000000000000 00000000d10200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000000000 00000000000000009b0900007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000960a00000000} {\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d 617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169 6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363 656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e} {\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef1\lsdunhideuseddef1\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4; \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9; \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7; \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;\lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;\lsdunhideused0 \lsdlocked0 Revision; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference; \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;}}{\*\datastore 010500000200000018000000 4d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000060000 d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffffec69d9888b8b3d4c859eaf6cd158be0f0000000000000000000000008017 7cde8444cf01feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}