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\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 }{\listname ;}\listid1129400592}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1129400592\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp3\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp
\ipgp12\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp12\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp18\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp18\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}{\pgp\ipgp6\itap0
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid18605 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2905022 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid18605 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2905022 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid18605 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2905022 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid18605 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2905022 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3748417\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qr \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1946-1955] 4 FLR 188
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 KUPPAN (f/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n KESHAVAN)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 UNNI (f/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n APPUTI)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6766122\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hyne, C.J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 February 8th, 1956
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2970542\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Native Land Trust Ordinance-S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  13-permission of Native Land Trust Board not obtained-effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13326537\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of non-compliance with section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2970542\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
llant claimed that the respondent agreed to pay him all monies received from the Nadi Sports Club on account of sugar ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ne grown on the land known as "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Naitovo" near Nadi and tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7892604\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t the res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pondent had so r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 eceived \'a3\loch\f0 175 12s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 3d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and had refused to pay it over.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The respondent admitted entering into an agreement but he contended it was not a genuine agreement but it was intended to cover a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 transfer of land which, however, was unenforceable and void as the consent of the Native Land Trust Board had not be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 en obtained in accordance with the provisions of section 13 of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Native Land Trust Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The 1st Class Magistrate at Lautoka at the resulting civil proceeding gave judgment in favour of the respondent holding that a written agreement which was prod\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uced at the trial of the action was illegal being an attempt to avoid the pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ovisions of the latter section.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On appeal again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st the order of the Magistrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HELD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The transaction being in breach of section 13 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ative Land Tru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st Ordinance was null a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bowmakers Ltd. v Bar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nett Investment Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1944] 2 AER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  579.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bullivant & Others v Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -General for Victoria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1901)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  196.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chaplin v Smi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12723183\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1926] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  198.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cope v Rowlands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610023\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610023\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  149.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Currie v Misa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610023\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid610023\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 10 Ex. 153.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 F\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 leming v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Bank of New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1900)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  577.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ell v Walters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1906) 2 Ch D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1576338 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 James v Kent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1951] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 551}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6913276\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mahmoud v Ispahani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1921] 2 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  716}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid18605\charrsid3748417 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid18605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ram Khelawan v Mohanlal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid18605\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid18605\charrsid3748417 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s41\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\f0\super\insrsid2905022\charrsid3748417 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2905022\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid2905022\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 See p. 37.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3748417\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Simms v Regi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 strar of Probate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1900)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  LJ P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  56.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid1576338 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid1576338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid1576338 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid1576338 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid1576338 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. K\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ermode}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9325246\charrsid1576338 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid1576338 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HYNE. C. J.-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The grounds of appeal are:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . The learned Magistrate erred in law as t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o the true meaning of the word "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alienate" as used in section 13 of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Native Land Trust Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2. Even if the learned Magistrate were corr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ect in his definition of such word (which the appellant denies) then the proved facts did not disclose an "alienation" by t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he respondent to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345758\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Magistrate was wron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g in law in excluding the appli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ejusdem generis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345758\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The learned Magistrate erred in law in admitting parole evidence to vary the terms of the written agreement upon which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the appellant founded his case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345758\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The learned Magistrate erred both in fact and law as to the fair inference to be drawn in relati\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7219550\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n to the substance of the agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment between th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e appellant and the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345758\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The learned Magistrate was wrong in law in holding that the appellant's claim was based on a co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ntract to do something illegal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7. The learned Magistrate erred both in fact \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and law in holding that he could give a verd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ict upon the claim as to wages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6829397\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Grounds 3 and 4 were abandoned by Mr. Ric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e at the hearing of the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6829397\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 No evidence was give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid993024\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n on behalf of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Defendant said plain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16718582\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tiff had been on the land for 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  y\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ears, and that plaintiff had bought a house on the land from defendant for \'a3\loch\f0 300 (Exhibit B). He also claimed that there was some negotiation as to plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12190219\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 s taking over the land for \'a3\loch\f0 1,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . This came to nothing. Defendant gave evidence to the effect that \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
he paid plaintiff wages at the rate of a least \'a3\loch\f0 240 a yea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r. No claim for wages was made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Park, Solicitor, gave evidence to the effect th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at defendant occupied part of "Naitovo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " as tenant of the Club. He also said that the plaintiff wanted tenancy in hi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s own name. Mr. Park said further that there were rumours that defendant had sold out. He spoke to defendant who denied this and said that Kuppan, now the appellant, was working for h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 im.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12190219\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In a letter, Exhibit D, dated 15th April, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 953, to the Secretary of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the Nadi Sports Club, defendant also denied selling his rights over the cane area to anyone. He also stated that a document (which from the general context appears to be Exhibit A) referred to in a letter from Mr. Park, was false, and that he}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  made no agree\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment with Kuppan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
This last statement is obviously untrue, because in his Statement of Defence he admits having entered into an agreemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t with Kuppan dated 6th March, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 950.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Magistrate held that the agreement, Exhibit A, was illegal and that i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t was an attempt to evade the provisions of the Native Land Trust Ordinance, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and, in particular, section 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
3, which requires the consent of the Board to any alienation or dealing with the land comprised in a lease whether by sale, transfer, or subleas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e, or \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in any manner whatsoever.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The first question to be considered is whether the agreement is an evasion of the provisions of the Ordinance and, if so, whether it is a permissible ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 asion or otherwise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Maxwell, Interpretation of Statutes, 9th Edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , at \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
page 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7, the learned author quoted the following from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Simms v Registrar of Probate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1900)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7287621\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 56:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Everybody agrees that the word (evade) is capable of being used in two senses-one which suggests underhand dealing and another which means nothing \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 more than the intentional avoida}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce of something disagreeable."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Commenting on this the author says:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15086320\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
As regards the first of these senses, it does not really involve a question of construction at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. It is simply fraud ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4788125\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 But when the second sense of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
'evasion' is under consideration it merits careful, though not necessarily favourable, scrutiny, and if the result of the investigation shows that the' avoidance' is not, in fact, within the mischief contemplated by the statute, it is in a legal sense nei
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11472159\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er an evasion nor blameworthy."}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At page 124 he says further, "It is not evad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing an Act to keep outside it."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bullivant and Others v The Attorney-General for Victoria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1901)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid861883\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  196, at p 207, Lord Lin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dley said:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid861883\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As I have said there are t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3235537\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wo ways of c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onstruing the word '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
evade': one is that a person may go to a solicitor and ask him how to keep out of an Act of Parliament-how do to something which does not bring him within the scope. That is evading in one sense, but there is nothing illegal in it. The 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 other is when he go}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es to his solicitor and says, '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Tell me how to escape from the consequences of an Act of Parliament, although I am brought within it.' That is an act of quite a d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ifferent character."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 On the authority of the foregoing it is submitted by M\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
r. Rice, Counsel for the appellant, that if one intends to keep outside the statute and achieves it, then this is perfectly lawful, and that the real question is whether the agreement, Exhibit A, came within section 13 at all, i.e., to say whether "evade"
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 has the first or second meaning given to it by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Lindley, L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Counsel for the appellant dealt next with the question of alienation. He contended that the learned Magistrate held that Exhibit "A" was an alienation of the land. I am unable to agree that he d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
id so hold. It is true he said that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 did not decide the meaning of "dealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
", but I think Mr. Kermode, for the respondent, is right in saying that in paragraph 3 of his judgment the Magistrate dealt with section 13 of the Ordinance as a whole, and he can\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
not, therefore, be said to have confined himself to alienation and to have held that the transaction was an alienatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n of the land and nothing else.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice, having contended it was not an alienation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 referred to the definition of "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alienation" in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Stroud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Vol. 1. 3rd Ed., at p. 109. The definition is as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2905022 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alienation' is as much to say, as to make a thing another man's; to alter or put the possession of lands, or other thin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gs from one man to another..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  It is the making over of land or an interest\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 therein; but not the making over of a mere personal right, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 not in the nature of property."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice laid particular stress on the words "from one man to another," and the words "not the making }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 over of a mere personal right".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Gask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ell v Walters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1906)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ch D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , p.1., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Cozens-Hardy, L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., says at page 10:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Alienation implies a transaction by which proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9589704\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ty is given to another person."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The next point raised by Mr. Rice was as to whether the appellant had parted with the possession of the land. He cited th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chaplin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
v Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid657386\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , [1926]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  KB}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  198, the head note to which is as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The plaintiff demised to the defendant for a term of years certain premises under a l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ease which contained a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2905022\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 covenant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
by the lessee that he would not, without the lessor's \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
consent, assign or under-let or part with the possession or otherwise dispose of the premises or any part thereof otherwise than by will or codicil. The lease contained the usual power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of re-entry for breach of cove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nant or stipulations. The defendant, fail\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing to obtain from the plaintiff permission to assign the term or under-let the premises to a limited company, which he had formed and registered for the purpose of carrying on his business of a garage proprietor on the demised pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12342589\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 emises, which was, in fact\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , a '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 one-man' company,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14705811\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the defendant being managing di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rector thereof and the 'one-man' verbally entered into an arrangement with the company that they should indemnify him against payment of the rent, rates and taxes of the premises, and carried on there t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he company's business of garage proprietors for some three years, the registered office of the company being the address of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid861883\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he demised premises, but the de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
fendant retained the key thereof, and in addition to acting as managing director made use of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid861883\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e off
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ice for his private corres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
pondence. The company then assigned its goodwill to a second company, of which the defendant was appointed managing director, and the second company carried on its business on the demised premises under exactly similar arrangement
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s to those made with the first company. The pl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13789295\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 aintiff brought this action aski}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ng for forfeiture of the lease on the ground that the defendant, in breach of his covenant, had parted with the possession of the premises successively to the two companies:-Held\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , reversing the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Shearman, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., that the defendant had not parted with the possession in either case, but had retained possession thereof and had committed no br}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12342589\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 each of the covenant."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice also referred to a letter written by the defendant t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
o the second company, reading:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 My position in law in reference to my landlord is such th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid418959\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at I can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 not make any agreement about the premises and I must remain and continue the actual tenant according to my lease and if, under those circumstances, you like \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to enter into this agreement, you and I, the company may have the use of these premises. I am retaining my position as lesse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e and remaining in possession."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid418959\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bankes, L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., commenting on this letter, said:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid418959\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "I do not quite follow the learned Judge's reasoni\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ng on this point, but he seems to say: 'There is no dispute about the facts, but in spite of that I find for the plaintiff,' and I think it must be upon that ground that the learned judge's view was that the man could not retain possession in la}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid418959\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w and give \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the exclusive occupa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion to somebody else. With great submission to the learned Judge, I thin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 k it is quite possible in law."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice has contended that the posi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid418959\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion in the present case is pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cisely the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as in the letter quoted above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am afraid I c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 annot agree. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chaplin v Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the defendant made it perfectly clear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he was remaining in possession.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
There is nothing in Exhibit "A" explicitly stating that possession by the respondent is retained nor is there anything in the agreement from which s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uch possession can reasonably be inferred. The respondent, Unni, expressly agrees that he will not interfere with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  farming of the land by Kuppan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice further submitted that the appellant was the agent of the respondent for farming purposes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  He so \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 argued also in the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 below, and the learned Magistrate held that the appellant was not an agent. I think the Magistrate was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 right for the reasons he gives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If the agreement does not effect a complete transfer of the land to the appellant, it seems to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 me it does create a tenancy of some kind in favour of Kuppan, and it cannot be a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rgued that it is wanting in con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Consideration is thus defined by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lush, J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Currie v Misa, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 quoted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 at p. 586 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Fleming v Bank of New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1900)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AC}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , p. 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16008927\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 -
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
A valuable consideration in the sense of the law may consist either in some right, interest, profit, or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3614216\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed or undertaken by the other."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The respondent was t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he tenant of the Nadi Sports Club-he is so described by Mr. Park-and as such he was presumably required to cultivate the land in the manner and to the extent demanded by the Nadi Sports Club. By getting the appellant to farm in accordance with Clause 4, h
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 was getting the work done in such a manner that he would not lose his licence from the Club. The consideration was therefore that he received a benefit accruing from the appellant's labour while the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 got the proceeds of his labour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If the agreem\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ent confers no other rights on the appellant, it creates, at the very least, it seems to me, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 tenancy at will in his favour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The question for determination is whether this agreement is outside the statute. If it is the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t would be entitled to succ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is common ground that this land is native land and, this being so, the provisions of the Native L}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and Trust Ordinance will apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 13 of the Ordinance prohibits any alienation or dealing with native land whether by sale, transfer or sublea
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e or in any manner whatsoever.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Even if the respondent has not made over the land, has he not made over an interest in the land by permitting the appellant to enjoy all the benefits accruing from the land, benefits which the respondent himself formerly enj\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
oyed? It seems he has done so, and this would const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 itute an alienation as defined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If I am wrong in this, however, and there is no alienation, then there still }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 remain the words "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  ... in any manner whatsoever."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 These words, as the Magistrate says, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
are so wide as to render it impossible for the agreement not be caught up in it. The agreement must therefore be held to be within the statute, and it follows, therefore, that the provisions of the Ordinance apply and that the consent of the Board was nec
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ssary. No such consent was obtained, and it follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1656773\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 that the agreement is illegal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4273055\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Scrutton, L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3879306\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
early indicated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3879306\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mahmoud v I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 spahani }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(1921)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  2 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at p. 728, what the position is in relation to an illegal contract, when he said:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I think the law is \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cope v Rowlands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  157), where Parke,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 .,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  delivering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e judgment of the Court, said: '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is perfectly settled that where the contract which the plaintiff seeks to enforce, be it express or im}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4273055\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 plied, is expressly or by impli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cation forbi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dden by the common or statute law, no Court will lend its assistance to give it effect. It is equally clear that a contract is void if prohibited by a statute, though the statute inflicts a penalty only, because such a penalty implies a prohibition: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord H\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 olt, Bartlett v Vinor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (Carth. 252). And it may be safely laid }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 own, notwithstanding some di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6969075\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cta apparently to the contrary, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat if the contract be rendered illegal, it can make no difference, in point of law, whether the statute which makes it so has in vi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ew the protection of the revenue, or any other object. The sole question is, whether the statute means to prohibit the contract? If the contract is prohibited by statute, the Court is bound not to render assistance in enforcing an illegal contract ... and
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in my view, if an act is prohibited by statute for the public benefit, the Court must enforce the prohibitio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4273055\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n, even though the person break}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing the law relies upon his own illegality. I say nothing about the cases to which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Parke, B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., refers in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cope v Rowlan\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (2 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  & W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 157, 158), where the statutory prohibition is for the benefit of a particular person, and not for the benefit of the public. It may be that different rules apply to such a case, but in this case it is clear that the prohibition is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the ben\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efit of the public."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Both section 8 and section 13 of the Native Land Trust Ordinance prohibit any sale, lease or other dispo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sal of native land except in ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cordance with the provisions of the Ordinance. Such prohibitio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n is a matter of public policy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s quite immaterial, in my view, whether the document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , Exhibit "A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " is called a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 de f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 acto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 transfer, a licence to farm or a tenancy agreement. Whatever it is called, it has resulted in a dealing in land-even if it may not be alienation-in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 contravention of the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5141433\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I have been refe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Bowmaker's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bowmak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ers Ltd., v Barnett Instruments Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . [1944] 2 AER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as supporting the appellant's case, and in particular I am referred to the concluding paragraph on page 582, which reads:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856198\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In our opinion, a man'\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s right to possess his own chattels will as a general rule be enforced against one who, without any claim of right, is detaining them, or has converted them to his own use, even though it may appear either from the pleadings or in the course of the trial,
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the chatte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ls came into defendant's posses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sion by reason of an illegal contrac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t between himself and the plain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tiff, provided that the plaintiff does not seek, and is not forced, either to found his claim on the illegal contract or to plead its illegalit\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in order to support his claim."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It has been contended that in the present case it was the respondent who did all this. I regret I cannot agree. Surely appellant in this case is claiming by virtue of the agreement, which for reasons given is illegal. In \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
other words, his claim is founded on an illegal contract and is not independent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13707347\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it. Bowmaker's case, therefore, 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 does not help him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The agreement in question was drawn up by a firm of well-known solicitors, and it is superfluous to say that there can be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 no suggestion whatever that in drawing up the agreement the solicitors were acting otherwise than in the bona fide belief, if it were an intentional evasion, that it was a permis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sible evasion of the Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  remains the question of wages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5532069\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
was no claim for wages by the appellant. His statement of claim asks simply for the payment of a sum of m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5532069\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
oney in accordance with Clause 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the agreement. Mr. Rice has submitted an interesting argument. He admitted that there was no claim for wages, but s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ubmitted that wages could be awarded by invoking the provisions of section 27(2) of the Magistrates' Courts Ordinance. This section reads as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5532069\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "A Magistrate in the exercise of the jurisdiction vested in him by this Ordinance shall have power to gr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ant, and shall grant, either absolutely or on such reasonable terms and conditions as shall seem just, all such remedies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or relief whatsoever, interlocu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tory or final, as any of the parties thereto may appear to be entitled to in respect of any and every le\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gal or equitable claim or defence properly brought forward by them respectively, or which shall appear in such cause or matter; so that as far as possible all matters in controversy between the said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 parties respectively may be com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pletely and finally determ\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ined, an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14772503\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d all multiplicity of legal pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ceedings concernin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 g any of such matters avoided."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5532069\charrsid3748417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3748417 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 's Counsel relied on the words "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or which shall appear in such cause or matter". I do not think these are the vital words of the section. I think the impo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rtant words of the section, which give the necessar}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid403324\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y powers to the Magistrate are "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 so that as far as possible all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 matters in controversy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 between the parties respectively may be finally determined." The question of wages is not a matter in controversy betwe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
en the parties. Plaintiff did not claim wages, and nothing would have been heard of wages, but for the fact that the defendant, in his endeavour to escape liability for payment of money claimed by plaintiff under the agreement, set up the defence that the
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 plaintiff had received all the money to which he was entitled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by the payment to him of wages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791081\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The question of wages was not in controversy between the parties, and I do not think, therefore, that}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  section 27(2) can be invoked.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Rice has argued further \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that wages are payabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e by reason of what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Denning, L.J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ., in his book, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Changing Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at page 62, calls the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
law of restitution". I do not think that this is applicable to the pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sent case, nor does the case of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ames v Ken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1951] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  KB}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  551, p. 1099, apply.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 The contract between the parties was, in my view, an illegal contract and no Court would lend assistance in enforcing an illegal contract prohibited by statute. No wages can there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 fore be awarded in this action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Magistrate gave jud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4273055\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gment for th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e defendant, now re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 spondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As Carew, J., said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ramkhelawan v Mohanlal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (CA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  No. 31 of 1950}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
), where a claim is based on an illegal contract neither party should have the assistance of the Court. The Magistrate should have dismissed the action rather than\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  give judgme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12875565\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt for the defendant. This, how}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ever, does not assi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9902032\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st the appellant in his appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6388769\charrsid3748417 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5598013\charrsid3748417 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The appeal is dismissed. I do not think I should be justified in awarding the respondent costs, and no costs will be awarded.
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