{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}
{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;
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\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\author Ela Qica}{\operator senikuraciri_r}{\creatim\yr2014\mo1\dy31\hr11\min5}{\revtim\yr2015\mo4\dy12\hr17\min30}{\version17}{\edmins130}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords2127}{\nofchars10166}{\*\company USP}
{\nofcharsws12269}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw11907\paperh16839\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
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\dgvorigin1440\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale140\rsidroot8021842 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455169 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15075349 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455169 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15075349 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455169 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15075349 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455169 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15075349 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\sectlinegrid299\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5515324\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s37\qr \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1946-1955] 4 FLR 65
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid7501285 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid7501285 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7501285 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Criminal Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 REGINA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SHIU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  PRASAD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hyne, C.J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515324 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 March 24th, 1953}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9788849\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Penal Code-s. 218-degree of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 neglig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ence constituting manslaughter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The accused was the driver of a bus travelling at about 30 miles per hour, driving down a hill near Suva, when a collision occurred. A child who was a passenger i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the other vehicle was killed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It was never satisfactorily proved if the child died as a result of the collision or on account of a sudden reversal after the collision causing th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e child's body to hit a pillar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The accused was indicted for manslaughter a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
nd at the close of the case for the prosecution defending Counsel argued there was no case t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Judgment on this submission was as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HELD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515324 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In order to establish criminal liability in a prosecution for manslaughter, where death has result}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d on account of negligent driv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ing, in order to establish criminal liability the facts must be such that the negligence went beyond a mere matter of compensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life and safety of others as to amount to a 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 crime against the State and c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onduct deserving of punishment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Andrews v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
rector of Public Prosecutions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 937)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2042693 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AC 576}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515324 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dabholkar v Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1948)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  221}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515324\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 People v Dunleavy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (1948)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  IR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5509269\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 95.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B. A. Doyle, Q.C., Attorne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y-General, for the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5515324 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169\charrsid5515324 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5515324 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . M. Scott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 for the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5515324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HYNE, C.J.-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The acc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14760735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
used is charged under section 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 8 of the Penal Code which reads as follows: -
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Any person w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14760735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ho by an unlawful act or omissio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n causes the death of another person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14760735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is guilty of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he felony termed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
manslaughter. An unlawful omission is an omission amounting to culpable negligence to discharge a duty tending to the preservation of life or health, whether such omission is or is not accompanied by an intention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to cause death or bodily h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arm."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
There are before this Court two conflicting judgments as to what constitutes manslaughter under this section. As I read his judgment, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . Justice Vaughan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  has in effect lai\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d down that simple negligence is negligence constituting manslaughter. It is true that in the course of his judgment in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bhagat Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11740851 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\f0\super\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Not reported.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he uses the w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ords "culpable negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ", yet he does not expl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2511611 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ain what is meant by the word "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 culpable". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Carew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , on the other hand, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7806730\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7806730\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Dayaran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs43\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid15472299 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11740851 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs43\f0\super\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid15075349\charrsid11740851 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ibid}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7806730\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7806730\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 followed English law and has con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sidered the degree of negligence which would amount to manslaughter if death occurr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15472299 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed as the result of negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid2572702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is conceded th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at if English law and the law of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the Colony relating to manslaughter are the same, the facts in this case do not justify a finding of manslaughter. If they are the same it seems to me this Court is entitled to have regard to English authorities and English\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 decisions in relation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2572702 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to manslaughter cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With the greatest respect to the judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Vaughan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I regret that I find myself unable to accept that his judgment is correct. I agree with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Carew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that in order to amount to manslaughte
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r there must be a degree of negligence so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  gross as to amount to reckless}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ness. That the degree of negligence nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 essary to constitute manslaught}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er must be greater than simple negligence has been laid down by the Privy Council in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dabholkar v The K\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 This case is a Tanganyika case under which a certain medical practitioner was charged under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
section 222 of the Tanganyika }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Penal Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  This section corres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ponds to section 258 of our Code. The appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dabholkar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  appealed against his conviction under se\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ction 222 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid3818076 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) (our section 258 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid3818076 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 )), namely, treating a certain person in such a negligent manner as to be likely to endanger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3818076 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  her life or to cause her harm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4724638 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sub-paragraph (e) reads:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3818076 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gives medical or surgical treatment to any person wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3818076 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om he has undertaken to treat."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4793990 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The judgment of the Privy Council was delivered by Lord Oaksey, in the course of which he said:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "The negligence charged in that section is not necessarily as grave, either in its nature or its consequences, as in the offe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce of manslaughter. The analogy between this sec}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion and s. II of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the English R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oad Traffic Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1930, is, in their Lordships' view, a true analogy, and just as in 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 An}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid8675228 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 drews v Director of Public Pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 secutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the House of Lords}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  explained the different degrees\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of negligence which the prosecution must prove to establish the offences of manslaughter and dangerous driving, so in the case of s. 222 (our section 258) the degree of negligence differs in cases of the felony of manslaughter and in cases of misdemeanou
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 under s. 222. The circumstances dealt with in the subsections of s. 222 are all circumstances which in themselves involve danger and, although the negligence which constitutes the offence in these ci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
cumstances must be of a higher degree than the negligen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ce which gives rise to a claim for compensation in a Civil Court, it is not, in their Lordships' opinion, of so hgh a degree as that which is necessary to constitut}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e the offence of manslaughter."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228\charrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 185 of the Tanganyika Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 is in precisely the same terms as our section 218 which deals with this offence. The Tanganyika legislation being identical in every respect with our legislation, this Court is bound to accept that there are degrees of negligence and that only a very hig
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  degree of negligence can con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
stitute the crime of manslaugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8389861\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8389861\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, in his very able address to the Court, has stated that it could be quite clearly said that when the Legislature refers to the offence of driving without due care\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 and attention, they have, in effect, used words which imply negligence or omission. With this I agree, and I think, therefore, that when t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Legislature used the words "driving dangerously" or "driving recklessly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" in section 56 of the Traffic Ordinance, t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hey re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ferred to offences of omission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 233 of the Penal Code, which reads as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It is the duty of every person who has in his charge or under his control anything, whether living or inanimate, and whether moving or stationary, of such a na\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ture that, in the absence of care or precaution in its use or management, the life, safety or health of any person may be endangered, to use reasonable care and take reasonable precautions to avoid such danger; and he shall be deemed to have caused any co
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sequences which adversely affect the life or health of any person by reason of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 omission to perform that duty."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gives additional strength to this argument. As the Attorney-General further says, to a large extent all of th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ese matters of motor manslaught}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 er have been dealt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 with as matters of negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If these offen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6782513\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ces are-and I believe they are-o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ffences of omission, then under section 218 culpable negligence must be established; that is to say, in order to establish criminal liability the facts must be\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 such that the negligence of the person w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent beyond a mere matter of com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life and safety of others as to amount to a crime against the State and c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 onduct deserving of punishment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9322602\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Atkin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9322602\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  says in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9322602\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Andrews v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Director of Public Prosecutions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , (1937)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  p. 576, at p. 583:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Simple lack of care such as will constitute civil liability is not enough: for purposes of the criminal law there are degrees of negligence: and a very high degree of negli\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
gence is required to be proved before the felony is established. Probably of all the epithets that can be applied 'reckless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
' most nearly covers the case."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11354137\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In an Irish case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11354137\charrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The People v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid8675228 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Dunleavy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1948)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  IR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 95, the Court of Criminal Appeal in Eire said that\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to amount to manslaughter the negligence must be such as to involve in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  a high degree the risk or like}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lihood of substan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tial personal injury to others.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8675228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Something further must be sai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6230731\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d about the words "unlawful act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". Is dangerous driving an unlawful act of such a nature that it would, of itself, justify a finding of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16199785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  manslaughter?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Penal Code of the Colony was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  enacted in May, 1945. The lead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11354137\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e of motor manslaughter is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11354137\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Andr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ews v Direct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 or of Public Pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 secution\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11354137\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o which I have already referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. This case was decided in 1937, and, as the Attorney-General says, it is reasonable to presume that the framers of the legislation were aware of the existence of this important judgment at the time of the enactment of th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e Penal Code. In that case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Lord Atkin,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  at p. 585, said:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15413122 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There is an obvious differenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e in the law of manslaughter be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tween doing an unlawful act and doing a lawful act with a degree of carelessness which the Legislature makes criminal. If it were otherwi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
se a man who killed another while driving without due care and attention would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex necessitate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15413122 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  commit manslaughter."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid5515324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I feel I must assume that the Legislature was aware of the difference referred to, and that the distinction ment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ioned by Lord Atkin is appl\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cable, in considering the laws of this Colony. I am satisfied therefore that in order to establish the offence of manslaughter under sec}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tion 218, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 where the death is alleged to be due to negligence, the deg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ree of negli}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gence must be such as is laid down in the English authorities. That these principles are applicable to thi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s Colony has, I think, been con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 clusively established by the Privy Council case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid5910944 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Dabholkar v The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15075349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 which I made reference earlier.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Inasmuch a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s there is no evidence before this Court of the degree of negligence necessary to constitute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3801907\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
manslaughter, the charge of man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 slaughter against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15075349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 accused cannot be sustained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The next question is whether the accused, on the evidence, is guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3801907\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of dangerou\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s driving. Section 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
73 of the Penal Code provides that where a person is charged with manslaughter in connexion with driving a motor vehicle, and the Court is of opinion that he is not guilty of that offence but that he is guilty of the offence of dangerou
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s driving under the Traffic Ordinance, he may be convicted of that offence although he was not charged with it. Is there any evidence before the Court which would justify a finding of dangerous driving? I do not think there is such evidence; or at any rat
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  there is no evidence which places this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15075349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 issue beyond reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The facts, briefly, are that the bus No. 3525, coming from Suva Point, was being driven down the hill by Vatuwaqa Girls' School, that it was on its right side of the road, and that bus\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 No. 4906, driven by the accused, was coming in the opposite direction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3801907\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is contended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
on behalf of the prosecution that the accused was coming down the hill from Suva past Vesi Street corner, that he was travelling at a speed of some 30 miles an hour, an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
d that when taking the corner at the bottom of the hill he was in the middle of the road. It is also contended that, when some distance up the hill but below Vesi Street, this bus driven by the accused collided with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15075349 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the bus coming from Suva Point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s no expert evidence as to the speed at which bus No. 4906 was travelling, and there is some doubt at least as to whether the accident caused to the child was the result of the impact of the two buses, or whether the child was injured as the result of the
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 driver of bus No. 3525 braking suddenly and causing the child to be thrown backwards and to come into contact with one of the pillars of the bus. I agree with Mr. Scott that some do}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ubt has been thrown on the vera}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 city of Ibrahim, the driver, by the story to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ld by Rajpati, the mother of the child, as to taking her to Suva Point and not putting her down at her house as she desired. I cannot, of course, indulge in conjecture as to what the defence witnesses might say, and although Mr. Scott in his cross-examina
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ion indicated what his defence might be, that defence is not before me, and I cann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ot therefore allow these sugges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tions to affect any decision to wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4724153 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ich I may come.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I have heard the submissions of both Counsel as to whether the accused has any case to answe
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r, and, since I am satisfied on the evidence for the prosecution that a case of dangerous driving has not been made out, there is, in my opinion, no case to answer, and I accordingly record a finding of "No}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4724153 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t Guilty of dangerous driving".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5910944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Negligence of suc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
h a degree as to justify a finding of manslaughter not having been established, and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15563735\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ere being no evidence of danger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ous driving, the accused is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4724638 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 acquited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4724153 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and discharged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8021842\charrsid16455169 
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