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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 JOSEPH RAMA.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HELD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 .\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
) A marriage solemnised in Fiji prior to April I, 1929 in accordance with Hindu custom and without observance of the form\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
alties prescribed in the Ordinance is a valid marriage the consequences of which are regulated by the personal law of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ibid: In the case \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of Hindus the personal law of the parties being not monogamous, a Hindu married according to Hindu custom prior to April 1, 1929 may contract a second marriage during the life of his spouse by such marriage without commtting bigamy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Sudamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1932] 3 Fiji LR
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1934] 3 LR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Sarjudei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1937] 3 Fiji LR
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Dukhan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1939] 3 Fiji L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Naguib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1917] I KB 359; 86 LJKB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  709; 116 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 T 640; 81 JP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  116; 25 Cox. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
C 712; 12 Cr. Ap. 187; II Dig. 414.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (6) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ba\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 indail v. Baindail}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 1 AER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  343.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (7) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Bozzelli's Settlement, Husey - Hunt v. Bozzelli}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1902] 1 Ch. 751; 71 LJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ch. 505; 86 L.T. 445; 18 T.L.R. 365; II Dig. 415.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (8) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Harvie v. Farnie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1881] 6 PD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  35; [1882] 8 App. Cas. 43; 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8612023 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 LJP 33; 48 LT 273;47 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 308; II Dig. 429.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (9) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sinha Peerage Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid8612023 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1939] [1946] I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  AER 348.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Hammersmith Registrar of Marriage ex parte Mir
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Anwaruddin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1917] 1 KB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  634.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Chetti v. Chetti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1909] P. 67; 78 LTP 23; 99 LT 885
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6513913 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 TL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R 146; II Dig. 416.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (12) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 931] 2 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6513913 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 EDITORIAL NOTE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 .\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mehta v. Mehta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1945] 174 LT 63 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Srinivasau v. Srinivasau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] P. 67; also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Law Quarterly Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Vol. 48 p. 341 and Vol. 62 p. 116; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Law Times}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  January 5, 1946 Vol. 201 p. 5 (an article on the position of plural wives\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in intestacy) and May 25, 1946 Vol. 201 p. 248].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E. M. Prichard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , for the Crown.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , for the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 At the close of the Crown case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , for the accused, moved that there was no case to answer since on any view of the facts the first marriage w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as polygamous in character and therefore not recognised as valid by the law of the Colony. He referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Naguib, Banda v. Bandail}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and submitted that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was of no authority since in that case the polygamous nature of the m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arriage was not considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E. M. Prichard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, for the Crown: There is a line of cases decided in this Court over a period of fourteen years to the effect that a marriage solemnised according to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8210130 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Indian }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1328070 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 custom prior to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 April 1, 1929 is the date on which the r
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 epeal of a proviso to s. 63 of the Marriage Ordinance, 1918 became effective. (He referred to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re Sudamma}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1932]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1934]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Sarjudei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1937]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Dukhan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1328070 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1939]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SETON.\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 In any of those cases was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1328070 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the point as to polygamous mar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 riage co\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nsidered?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E. M. Prichard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
: Speaking from memory I should say that it was not specifically considered but I cannot be sure; this line on the part of the defence was not anticipated and was not in my mind when I read the cases. However the decisions are cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ea\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r to the effect that the cere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mony does, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1328070 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 according the law of Fiji prior to April I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1929, constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
a valid and sufficient form of marriage, and it is submitted that once this is determined the marriage cannot be polygamous. It is easy to be misled by the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ndiscriminate use of the word "marriage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " to cover two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 quite different things on the one hand the forms and ceremo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15734266 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nies by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
which the union of a man and a woman are solemnised and on the other the status attached by law to the parties to such a union once i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t has been duly solemnised. If you have two persons of opposite sex and with the capacity to marry (determined according to their domicile) and they both willingly go through a form of solemnisation which i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9509981 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s recog}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nised by the law of the place where it is p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
erformed, you have without question a valid and binding marriage (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Bozzeli's Trusts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1902]
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Ch. 751; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Harvie v. Farnie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1881] 6 PD 35 at p. 48). The resulting status is a creature of law and does not depend on the whims or fancies of the parties. The la\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w which determines the incidents of the status is the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lex domicilii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid15734266 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ex parte Mir Anwaruddin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1917] 1 KB 634). The Crown evidence is that this marriage took place prior to April I, 1929 between parties capable of marriage and in a form recognised as valid \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 by the law of this Colony at that time. Both }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lex actus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lex domicilii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 are those of Fiji and we cannot look outside the law of Fiji for the incidents of the status thereby acquired by the parties. If it was a polygamous status then the Courts will for ma\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ny purposes refuse to treat it as a marriage because it is not a marriage as known to the law of England. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Naguib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was finally determined on other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9509981 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 grounds-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but had the Egyptian "marriage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " been properly proved the Court would in all probability have refu
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sed to treat it as a marriage simply because the status resulting from it probably included the right to polygamy as one of its incidents; both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lex actus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
lex domicilii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  were Egyptian. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Baindail v. Baindail}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1946] 1 AER 343 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sinha Peerage Case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [193\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
9] reported 1946 1 AER 348 are in a similar category and do not assist the Court. In this case the law by which the status of marriage is to be determined is clearly the law of this Colony. This Colony might if it wished legislate in favour of attaching p
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lygamy as an incident of marriage or of certain marriages\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 but has it done so? Remembering that our first body of law was English law\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
to which polygamy is abhorrent\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 one would expect to find any subsequent departure to be expressed only in unmistakeable ter\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s. (Supreme Court Ordinance Cap. 2 S. 35). Has any Or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3215507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dinance in Fiji recognised poly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gamy as an incident of marriages performed in this Colony? From the earliest times it has set its face against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3215507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the practice. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (Indian }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3215507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Marriage Ordinance, 1892 s. 16)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs24\super\insrsid3215507 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7300501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7300501 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7300501\charrsid3215507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Repea\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 led.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. It is submitted that not only was the ceremony in this case a valid marriage according to the law of this Colony but that the incidents attached to the status resulting from that marriage must likewise by determined according to the law of this Colo
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ny which does not recognise polygamy or any other incident which would make the resulting union something other than a marriage of the kind recognised and enforced by English law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SETON, C.J.\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Reserved his decision on this point, directing in the meantime \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that the evidence for the defence should be heard and a special opinion given by the Assessors on the issue of fact as to whether the marriage took place before or after April 1, 1929. The Court found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that the marriage took place prior to April I, 1929 and\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, the accused being a resident of Ba, the case was adjourned to the next Criminal Sessions to be held at Lautoka for further argument on the point of law should either party desire to be hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rd further and for judgment. Ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 journed hearing at Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Ric\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, for the accused: I agree that if the first marriage was valid it was monogamous and that the law of Fiji nowhere recognises plurality of marriage. But I submit that it was no marriage at all. (He quoted Darling J. at p. 645 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Hammersmith Registr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ar of Marriages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 [1917] 1 KB 634). The marriage in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Hammersmith Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was in form a valid English marriage; here we have only a Hindu ceremony. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Sarjudei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15756924 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rongly decided\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 the Ordinance no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 where said that such marriages are valid\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 it went no f\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
urther than to absolve priests who performed such marriages from certain penalties. That does not m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ake such marriages "marriages under this Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " (s. 12). He referred to ss. 15 (2) and 44, of the Ordinance (Cap. 118).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 If the law is ambiguous the pris\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 oner should have the benefit of any doubt (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 E. M. Prichard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, for the Crown: My learned friend has completely shifted his ground since his first argument, which was to persuade the Court that he was raising a point outside the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ratio decidendi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 of the line of cases already decided; he now says that his original argument is without validity and that the decided cases are wrongly determined. That is a line of cases which it is submitted were correctly decided after full argument and, apart from a
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y other consideration, the maxim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 stare decisis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  should now prevail. Those cases decide that the form of marriage proved in this case was a valid form of marriage according to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lex actus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
which may of course recognise a special form for special cases and w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
hich is the case here by virtue of the proviso to s. 63. It follows from the capacity and domicil of the parties that the marriage was for all purposes good and valid. I further wish to add that I previously misled the Court by stating my impression that 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n none of the previous cases in the Colony had the question of polygamy been specifically considered. I was wrong in that\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 the point was taken in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Dukhan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. Finally, there is a difference in wording (though it may be of no significance) between the defin\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ition of bigamy in s. 57 of the Offences Against the Person Act, 1861 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 31st Edition page 1,302) and s. 171 of the Penal Code (Cap. 5). Whatever may be said of the fundamental principles on which it is suggested this decision should rest, it seems \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 difficult to read }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Baindail v. Baindail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in conjunction with s. 171 of the Penal Code and emerg}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4016798 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e with a view of the law favour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 able to the case for the prisoner.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, for the accused, in reply. There is no difference between English Law and s. 171 of the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Penal Code. I have argued and am prepared to maintain that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R. v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  was wrongly decided. I was not aware of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid5767432 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in re Dukhan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  but would point out that it was not a decision in a criminal case.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 SETON, C.J.\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 The accused is charged with having committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 big\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The facts found by the Court are as follows:\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5767432 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
(I) That in May, 1928, a marriage between the accused and the witness, Achamrna, was solemnized in Fiji in acordance with Hindu custom, such marriage being lawful in accordance with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the personal law of t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
he parties, although none of the formalities prescribed in the Marriage Ordinance was observed and the marriage was never registered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) That on 26th December, 1945, a marriage between the accused and the witness, Toroca Tauvola, was solemnized in accord\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ance with the law of Fiji by Ragama Vunikeci, a Wesleyan Minister at Levuka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5767432\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It was contended on behalf of the accused that the first marriage occurred some time after 1st April, 1929, i.e., after the coming into force of the Marriage (Amendment) Ordinanc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e, 1928, but the Assessors were of opinion that this contention was unfounded and that in fact the marriage took place in May, 1928, as above stated. I am of the same opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It was further contended on behalf of the accused that in order to establish th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e offence of bigamy there must be proved not only the solemnization of the first marriage but also the fact that the first marriage was monogamous. This second contention seems to be well founded (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 31st Edition, p. 1,308 and the cases there ci\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Marriage Ordinance in force at the date of the first marriage was that of 1918 as amended by the Marriage (Amendment) Ordinance, No. 13 of 1927.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 A case on all-fours with the present was tried in 1934 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid3688231 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
, No. 21 of 1934) when the first marriage was found to be a valid one and the accused was convicted of bigamy. That decision was followed in 1937 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Rex v. Sarjudei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , No. 2 of 1937); the learned judge expressed no opinion on the legal aspect of the case but s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
aid that, the facts being exactly similar to those in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , he felt bound to follow the previous decision. In neither, apparently, was the point taken that the first marriage must be proved to have been monogamous as well as valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 With regard \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to the history of marriage legislation in Fiji, it would seem that upon the foundation of the Colony, the law governing marriage was the Common Law of England except in the case of the Fijian inhabitants where custom and usage controlled marriage until st
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tutory provision was made therefor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The position remained thus until the enactment of the Indian Marriage Ordinance (No. 2 of 1892) and the Marriage Ordinance (No. 10 of 1892), s. 2 of the latter expressly providing that its provisions should not apply to\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Indian immigrants or their descendants who did not profess Christianity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. 6 of the Indian Marriage Ordinance, 1892, provided that males and females, being Indian immigra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8979334 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nts or their descendants, who "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 shall desire to be registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8979334 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  as married people}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" should signify their desire to the Stipendiary Magistrate who would call upon them to sign a notice according to the form contained in Schedule D of the Ordinance. This notice was to be read publicly in open Court upon each Court-day for three weeks, at
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
the end of which time, in the absence of any valid objection, the Magistrate would grant a certificate and forward the same to the Agent-General who would enter the necessary particulars in his register, declare the parties to be husband and wife and give
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 them each a certificate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. 16 provided as follows:\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
" If any party whose marriage shall have been duly registered under this Ordinance shall during the lifetime of the other party to the same and before such marriage shall have been legally dissolved cont\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ract another marriage such first-mentioned party shall be guilty of bigamy." There is no reference in the Ordinance to the marriage of Indians according to Indian custom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Indian Marriage Ordinance, 1892, and the Marriage Ordinance, 1892, were repealed\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 by the Marriage Ordinance, 1918, which, from the time it was brought into force, constitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10509598 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted and still constitutes a com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 prehensive code on the subject of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 marriage. Part IV is entitled "Of Marriage between Indians}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " (references are to the revised edition of\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the Ordinances of Fiji published in 1925). S. 43 provides for the appointment of Indian Marriage Officers and s. 44 prescribes that in the event of any such Marriage Officer solemnizing any marriage he shall observe and fulfil all the formalities prescri
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed in Part I of the Ordinance and on failure to do so shall be liable to the penalties prescribed in the Ordinance for contravention thereof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In Pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rt VI headed "Miscellaneous" is s. 63 which reads as fol}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lows:\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3688231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Any person who shall knowingly an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d wilfully\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  procure his or her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 marriage to be solemnized contrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y to any of the provisions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 this Ordinance shall be liable on conviction, in any such case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 where no penalty is otherwise pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 vided, to a fine not exceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  two hundred and fifty pounds or to imprisonmen\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t for any term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 not exceeding two years. Prov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ided that nothing contained in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  this section or in ss. 18, 26 and 27 of this Ordinance shall a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pply }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to the marriage of Indians according to Indian custom."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The marginal note to s. 18 is "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 penalty for solemnizing a 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 marriage wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 thout production of certificate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "; to s. 26 " penalty for solemnizing mar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 riages without being registeerd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "; and to s. 27 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 pen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 alty for omis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sion to transmit certificate etc."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It appears from the debate in the Legislative Council which preceded the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
passage of the Marriage Ordinance, 1918, that the proviso to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s. 63 was inserted to meet the v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ews of the Government of India and the learned Attorney-General of the time in the course of the debate made the following explanation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid3688231 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Legislative Council Debates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , sessions of 1918,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. 79):\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9706057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3688231 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5127093 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I pass on to clause 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (s. 63);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5127093 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the words at the end of that" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 clause provide that nothing herein contained shall apply to the marriage of Ind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5127093 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ians according to Indian custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 '. Those are the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 words that I have already referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to as being inserted in accord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ance with the wishes or views of the Indian Government; in fact they have practically, as far as the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y could, made it a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9706057\charrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sine qua non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 It came about in this way. The Bill had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 criticized }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
in regard to what I should call irre\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gular marriages, that is,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 marriages between Indians by persons professing themselves to be priests who are not priests or receive no local recognition, and it was claimed that these marriages should be rendered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 valid within the Colony. The Committee had fo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rmed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 opinion that, as this Bill offered so many facilities for marriage}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of Indians and other people, there was no reason why these irregular forms of marriage should be made valid or lawful, and after receiving the memora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ndum I referred to, the Indian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Government gave way on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  point, or the members of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Government who wished to ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ve such provision made in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Bill gave way, and submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that we should include in our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Bill provision that no prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 should take place in the event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of any person perf\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 orming the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 se irregular marriages between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Indians. Personally I regret hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing to include any such words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in the Bill. I had hoped that we were going to wipe out once}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and for all these irregular forms of marriage."}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. H. M. Scott, K.C. (as he then was) taki\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng part in the debate said (at p. 81):\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9706057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I should just like to say, Sir, wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8676732 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h regard to clause 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (s. 63),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to which the learned Attorney-Ge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 neral referred, it seems to me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  that that is a very important one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  The proviso contained therein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is not one recommend\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Committee, as pointed out by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Attorney-General. If that pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 viso is allowed to go through }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it means encouraging the religious a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s against the State marriage. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I thought that we had arrived at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  an agreement that once we got}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  this statute passed we wo\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uld hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e the proper marriage law, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
other words, we would have State marriages and not recognise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 if}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  what may be termed the "religious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " form of marriage."}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8676732 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Clause 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (s. 63)\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 came up for discussion again when the Bill was in Committee and attention is invited to the remarks of the Governor and Messrs. Scott and Hedstrom (as they then were) on that occasion, which will be found on pp. 95 and 96. From them and from what has alr
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ady been quoted, it seems clear that the Government had hoped to have in the future nothing in Fiji but what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9706057 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Sir Henry Scott described as "State marriages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
" but events had been too strong for it and it had been obliged to agree that religious marriages shou\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ld continue side by side with State marriages. The learned Attorney-General, however, seems to have thought that the Government had successfully resisted an attempt to make religious marriages valid and had only given way to the extent of agreeing that pe
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sons taking part in such religious marriages should not incur penalties for so doing. In Committee (p. 96)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  he referred to them as "bogus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " marriages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I c\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 annot think, however, that he was right, although the view persisted in official quarters until the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 was decided. From the time when the immigration of Indians first began, they had been left to their own devices so far as marriage w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as concerned except for the passage of the Indian Marriage Ordinance 1892, which merely enabled them to register a marriage, if they wished to do so, but imposed no sort of compulsion. The Marriage Ordinance, 1918, as originally drafted, proposed a radica
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 alteration; marriages according to Indian custom were to be abolished and the only form of marriage which would be recognized in the future would be one attended by all the formailities prescribed in Part 1 of the Ordinance. The Government of India objec
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed. They thought, it may be a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8676732 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ssumed, that it would be a hard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ship if Indians were not allowed to contract marriages in accordance with their customs as they had been used to doing both in India and in Fiji. It is difficult to believe that the Government of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
India, having raised the point and having been very insistent in regard to it, would have been satisfied with an arrangement by which such marriages would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 be permitted to continue but only upon condition that they would not be recognized as legal. If the l\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
earned Attorney-General thought that this was what had been agreed, he had an opportunity of making the matter clear when he drafted the proviso to s. 63, but unfortunately he did not avail himself of it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the year 1926, a Committee was appointed to con\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
sider and report upon the question of the amendment of s. 63 of the Marriage Ordinance, 1918, by the deletion of the proviso thereto. Its report was published as Council Paper No. 28 of 1927, and it will be seen from the following extract from the report 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hat the members of the Committee shared the view of the learned Attorney-General in regard to the legal effect of marriages in accordance with Indian custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 :-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2779661 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The effect of the addition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the proviso was to render non-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 punishable a marriage perform}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ed acc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ording to Indian custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 though without the formalities prescribed i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n the Bill (Ordinance); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it did not make marriages registrable or valid under the law."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The Marriage (Amendment) Ordinance, which was passed in 1928 as a result of the Committee's report, r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
epealed the proviso to s. 63 and made provision for the validation by registration of marriages which had taken place accor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ding to Indian custom prior to 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st September, 1929. As a result of the repeal of the proviso,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 marriages celebrated in accord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3221045 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ance with\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Indian custom after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st April, 1929, ceased to have any legal effect unless the formalities prescribed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  in Part 1 of the Marriage Ordi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nance were duly observed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Surajpal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (supra) the Attorney-General appeared for the Crown and Mr. Grahame for the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
accused. Mr. Grahame contended that the accused's first marriage was not valid in the eyes of the law and that therefore on contracting a second marriage he was not guilty of bigamy. Mr. Grahame argued that from the date of the coming into force of the Ma
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
riage Ordinance, 1918, a marriage by Indian custom was only valid if the provsions of the Ordinance were fully complied with, i.e., the marriage must be by a priest registered as a marriage officer, the ceremony must be in accordance with the personal law
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
of the parties and in other respects subject to the provisions of the Ordinance. In regard to the proviso to s. 63, he said that this merely dealt with penalties; it exempted persons who married according to Indian custom and the priest who married them f
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 om penalties for non-compliance with the provisions of the Ordinance, but it did not make such a marriage valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Attorney-General argued that the accused's first marriage was a valid one and he relied on ss. 15, 19, 56 and 63 of the Ordinance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Chief Justice seems to have based his judgment solely upon his view of the effect of the proviso to s. 63, for he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2779661 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The exemption (contained in the provso to s. 63) from these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sections of an Indian priest performing a marriage ceremony \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 according to Indian custom provid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2317363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
es in fact that the provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the Ordinance as regards certificates do not apply to such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 marriages as he may perform and that provided the parties to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ceremony really believe that a marriage is beng solemnized betwee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
n them the marriage is legal for all purposes."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That was the basis of his judgment and with it I respectfully agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ee, except that for the words "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 provided the parties really believe that a marriage i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s being solemnized between them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I should substitute the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 words "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 provided that the marriage is valid in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2779661 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the personal law of the parties" and I should omit the words "for all purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " at the end.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2779661\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That a marriage may be valid for some purposes and not for others was pointed \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 out in the recent case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid2317363 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Baindail v. Baindail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7084631 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , [1946] A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ER Vol. 1, 342, which was cited by Mr. Rice, who appeared for the accused. In this case, the husband, a Hindu, had married a Hindu woman according to Hindu rites in India and it was established that h\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
is marriage would be recognized by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Courts of British India. Subse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 quently he went through a ceremony of marriage with an Englishwoman in London, his Hindu wife being alive at the time. The Court of Appeal held that, having regard to the husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 's marria\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ge in India, the subse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
quent English ceremony of marriage was not valid. Lord Greene M.R., at the end of his judgment, said:\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4004956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I may perhaps conclude by saying this, that the opinion which I have formed relates solely to the facts of the present case which\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 are simply and solely the validity of the English marriage in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
crcumstances of this case. I must not be taken as suggesting that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
for every purpose and in every context an Indian marriage such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
as this would be regarded as a va}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lid marriage in this countr\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Counsel for the appellant in his r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eply drew an alarming picture }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the effect of our decision on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e law of bigamy if we were to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 decide against him. He having said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that, I think it right to say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that nothing I have said must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 taken as having the slight\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 est }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bearing on the question of the law of bigamy which says under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the statute Whosoever, being married, shall marry any other person during the life of the former husband or wife }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . On the qu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
estion of whether a person is 'married}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ' within the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 meaning of th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at statute (which i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
s a criminal statute) when he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 has entered into a Hindu marriage in India I am not going to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 express any opinion whatever. It seems to me a different}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 question in which other considerat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ions may well come into play. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I hope sincerely that nob\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ody will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 endeavour to spell out of what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  I have said anything to cover such a question."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The Chief Justice did not refer at all in his judgment to s. 15 (2) of the Marriage Ordinance, 1918, but since it was relied on by both counsel in the case I think tha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
t I should state my view of it. This sub-s. provides that if any persons knowingly and wilfully intermarry without a certificate for marriage the marriage of such persons shall be null and void. S. 15 is contained in Part I of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Ordinance which is headed\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  "Of Marriage"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
. Marriage between Indians is dealt with in Part IV which is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  entitled "Of Marriage between Indians}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " but which I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 think should have been called "Of Marriage between Immigrants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "; Part I has no application to Part IV except in so far as it is inc\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
orporated by reference. Such a reference occurs, for example, in s. 42 (which is in Part IV) where it is declared that in cases of male immigrants, sixteen years of age or upwards, and female immigrants, thirteen years of age or upwards, who}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  desire to cont\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ract marriage, "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
it shall be lawful to solemnize marriage between them under any of the provisions of Part I of this Ordinance."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Again, in s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 44, there is a provision that "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in the event of a marriage being solemnized by any Mohammedan, Hindu or any other I\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
ndian priest appointed as aforesaid such priest shall thereupon observe and fulfil all the formalities prescribed in Part I of this Ordinance to be observed and fulfilled b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y a minister of religion . . ."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 These are the only two occasions where there is any\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 reference to Part I of the Ordinance in Part IV, and in my view the provisions of s. 15 (2) have no application at all to a case of a marriage of Indians according to Indian custom. In fact, the only case I can think of where this sub-section would apply
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
to a marriage of Indians would be if an Indian priest, appointed a marriage officer under s. 43 and purporting to observe and fulfil all the formalities prescribed in Part I, married two Indians who had no certificate for marriage. If both those Indians k
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ew that they had no certificate for marriage but nevertheless wilfully inter-married, the sub-section would apply and their marriage would be void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As I have said, I agree with the decision come to by the learned Chief justice in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Surajpal's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  case, namely, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
that the first marriage was valid, but I now have to consider a matter which apparently was not raised before him or before the judge who tried the later case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid4004956 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rex v. Sarjudei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and that is what kind of a marriage was a marriage solemnized according to In\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
dian custom in the days when such marriages were valid? The answer, I think, is clear; it was just the same kind of marriage as had been taking place ever since the immigration of Indians into Fiji first began, that is to say it was a marriage according t
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 the personal law of the parties concerned. Consequently, if they were Hindus and were married according to Hindu custom, the marriage was a Hindu marriage and the consequences of the ceremony are regulated by Hindu law, or if they were Muslims and were m
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rried according to the law of Islam, the consequences are regulated by the provisions of that law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li180\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin180\itap0\pararsid7300501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The accused in this case and his wife, Achamma, are both Hindus and they were married in accordance with Hindu custom; it follows, therefore, that their mar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
riage is regulated by Hindu Law as to which an extract from Mayne's Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage [1906] 7th ed., s. 92, was quoted in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Chetti v. Chetti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  [1909] P. 67 at p. 73 as follows:\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4004956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It is now quite settled in the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ourts of British Indi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hindu is absolutely without restri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ction as to the number of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 wives, and may marry again witho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ut his wife's consent, or any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 justification, except his own wish."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9205 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4004956\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I do not think that it can be said in the case of Fiji that the law only recognizes\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 a monogamous marriage. S. 5 of the Indian Marriage Ordinance, 1892, provided that if any immigrant on arrival was found to be accompanied by more than one wife, the names of all his wives were to be duly recorded by the Agent-General, and this provision 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 w\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as repeated in the Marriage Ordinance, 1918, when the Indian Marriage Ordinance, 1892, was repealed, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8539726 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is still in force to-day. More}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
over, by recognizing Indian customary marriages which, in my view, was the effect of the proviso to s. 63 of the Marriage\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 Ordinance, the Legislature recognized marriages which, in the case of Indian Moslems and Hindus, were known to be polygamous in character. Incidentally,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ay be remarked that the words "Indian" and "Immigrant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " (where used as nouns) would seem to be syno\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nymous terms for the purposes of the Marriage Ordinance, 1918}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . "Immigrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 " is defined in s. 2 of the Ordinance and, having re}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gard to the terms of the defini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tion, I think that any question as to the domicil of the parties is excluded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The conclusion to whi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ch I have come, therefore, is that the first marriage of the accused in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 was valid but, since it was con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tracted in accordance with Indian custom and the formalities prescribed in the Marriage Ordinance were not observed, the consequences of such m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
arriage are regulated by the personal law of the parties. The parties being Hindus, the marriage so far as the accused was concerned was not monogamous. It follows, therefore, that in contracting a second marriage he did not commit the crime of bigamy. I 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 xpress no opinion as to the validity of the second marriage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4795324\charrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The accused is acquitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9205\charrsid9205 
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