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Vide M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agistrates' Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507\charrsid3559549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rules\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1945, 0. IV \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 12. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -one debt Sale is void-whether the debt under the Promissory Note is merged in the debt under the covenant of the Bill of Sale-memorandum in form of account stated endorsed on one copy of Bill o \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f Sale-whether memorandum operates as a novation to extinguish promisee's rights under the Promissory Note-Summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ary Procedure Rules 1916-Rule 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1{\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri632\widctlpar \tx4820\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin632\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\super\insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507\charrsid3559549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rep. Vide M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 agistrate\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s' Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507\charrsid3559549 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rules\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 1945, 0. IV \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 12. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 one debt but several securities-separate causes of action -whether wrongful division of cause of action to sue\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on one security. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This was an action to recover the amount due under a Promissory Note made on 19th October 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 35 securing the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 35 5s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. and and interest payable on 19th October, 1936. The Appellants were promisors and the Respondent the promisee\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . At the date of execution of the Promissory Note on which the claim was based, the Appellant signed another Promissory Note in favour of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the Respondent for the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656564\charrsid3756507 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d. and interest, and also a Bill of Sale to secure the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 55 5s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3177477\charrsid3756507 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. and i\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 nterest. The Bill of Sale contained a covenant to repay \'a3\loch\f0 55 5s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3177477\charrsid3756507 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. on or before 28th October }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 937-i.e. about twelve months later than the date when the Note f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3177477\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ell due. The Bill of Sale incor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 porated Clause 3 of the Clauses for selection-expressly securing t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he same moneys as were secured by the Promissory Notes-and copies of the two Promissory Notes were an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nexed to the Bill of Sale. On 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th July 1939 the parties signed a memorandum endorsed on a copy of the Bill of Sale; this was in the form of an account sta\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ted to the effect that the total amount then due under the Promissory Notes a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 nd Bill of Sale was \'a3\loch\f0 104 15s. 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d. The Respondent obtained judgment against the Appellants for the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 42 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. in an action based on the first mentioned Promissory Note an\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d the Appellants appealed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 HELD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) The rights powers and remedies of the Promisee under a Promissory note are rot lost by a merger in his rights powers and remedies, if any, under a collateral Bill of Sale where there is a clear agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 parties to the contrary. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) Where part of a debt is secured by a security giving rise to a separate cause of action and such part is an amount su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ch that the action is within th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e jurisdiction of a Magistrate's Court it is not a wrongful division of a cau\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 se of action to sue on that security in the Magistrate's Court, notwithstanding that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the total debt is outside such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 jurisdiction. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) An "account stated" subsequently endorsed on a security and signed by the parties does not operate as a novation. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The covenant to pay in a Bill of Sale may be valid though the Bill is void as against chattels \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Qucere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 -Whether the covenant for repayment in a Bill of Sale is invalidated by a stipulation contained in a collateral Promissory Note that repayment be at a d\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ate different from that provided in the covenant of the Bill of Sale: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cases referred to:- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040738\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Monetary Advance Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cater}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [1888] 20 QBD 785; 57 LJ QB\'b7\loch\f0 463; 59 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; 4 TLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 464; 7 Dig. 78. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Davies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1886] 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 408; 55 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LJQB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 363; 54 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 813; \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 TLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 633; 7 Dig. 126. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Commissioner of Stamps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1891] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 476 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1851] \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 CB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 561; 20 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 LJCP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 102; 138 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 222; 7 Dig. 192.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Twopenny }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 [1824]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B&C}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 208; 107 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; 6 Dig. 388. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 APPEAL against judgm\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent for the Plaintiff in an action founded on a Promissory Note. The facts are fully set out in the judgment. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 P. Rice, for the Appellants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 S. B. Patel, for the Respondent. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 CORRIE, C. J.-This is an appeal from a judgment given on the 8th July, 1940 by\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Commissioner's Court at Lautoka in an action by the present respondent, Birbal, against the present appellants, Giwar Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 and Bhagelu, for a sum of \'a3\loch\f0 24 14s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The claim is based upon a promissory note numbered 17048 made on the 29th October, 193\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 5, by the appellants in favour of the respondent and payable on the 19th October 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 936, securing a sum of \'a3\loch\f0 35 5s. 0}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. and interest at 18% per annum. In the section which gives rise to this appeal, the respondent claimed interest for 10 months at 8% only. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 On the 29th October 1935, the appellants signed another promissory note numbered 53353 in favour of the respondent for a sum of \'a3 \loch\f0 20 and interest at 18%: and upon the same day they executed in his favour a Bill of Sale over cert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ain chattels to secure \'a3 \loch\f0 55 5s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . 0d. and interest at 18% pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 num. The Bill contained a covenant by the appellants to pay the resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ondent the said sum of \'a3\loch\f0 55 5s. 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. on or before the 28th October, 1937. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Clause 3 of the Clauses for Selection which was\'b7\loch\f0 incorporated in the Bill co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ntains \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the following provision:- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "And it is hereby agreed and declared by and between the grantor and grantee that the moneys hereby secured are the same moneys as are secured by the document or documents hereunder des}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cribed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (a copy or copies of which is or are\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 annexed hereto) and that any default hereunder or thereunder shall be deemed to be a default hereunder, and that the grantee may upon any default hereunder or thereunder exercise the grantee's rights powers and remedies both thereunder or hereunder}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 either\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 together or separately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and in such order as the grantee may think fit." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The clause contained particulars of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the two promissory notes above-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mentioned and a copy of them was annexed to the Bill of Sale. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellants in their defence have argued that t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he debts due under the promissory notes are merged in the debt due under the Bill of Sale; and hence that the promissory notes are unenforceable. In support of this argument they rely upon the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the Commissioner of Stamps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hope, [1891}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Appeal Cases, page 476. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The learned Magistrate did not accept this contention and relied upon the jud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 gment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Monetary Advance Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cater}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 28 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 785; and observing that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "It appears that although the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 promissory note may invalidate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Bi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ll of Sale it still }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 remains}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 valid itself, he gave judgment for the plaintiff. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Monetary Advance Co. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the facts were that the defen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dants gave the plaintiffs a Bill of Sale of personal chattels to secure the repayment of a sum of money and inte\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rest, and at the same time, and as part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the same transaction, gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 them his promissory note for the payment of the same sum and interest by instalments of the same amounts, and to be paid on the same days as provided by the Bill of Sale. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 promissory \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 note also stipulated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that in the event of any of the instalments falling into arrear, the whole amount outstanding should immediately become due and payable. In an action on the promissory note, it was held that thoug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 h the stipulation in the promis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sory not\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e rendered the Bill of Sale void, the promissory note was good and the plaintiffs were entitled to recove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the appeal now before this Court it is to be noted that while the promissory note, the subject of the action, matured on the 29th October, 1936, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the covenant for repayment contained in the Bill of Sale was for repayment on or before the 28th October, 1937. There was thus a difference between the terms of the promissory note and those of the Bill of Sale similar to the difference which existed in \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Monetary Advance Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cater}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and at first sight that case would appear to be conclusive as regards the present appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cater's case, however, was based upon the judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Davies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 QBD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 page 408. That was a \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 decision upon the English Bills of Sale Act 1882}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13068753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 2{\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\super\insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3756507\charrsid13068753 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 45 and 46 Vict. c. 43.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , and the Court held that s. 9 of that Act, which declared a Bill of S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ale which was not made in accor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dance with the form in the schedule to the Act to be void, rendered the bill void not merely as regards t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he personal chattels comprised in it, but also as regards the covenant contained in it for the payment of the principal and interest thereby secured. The judgment was based upon the fact that the scheduled form of Bill of Sale included a covenant for paym \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nt. This appears very clearly from the judgment of Fry L. J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at page 412, in which he says:- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Prima facie I should have thou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ght that the Bill which was in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tended to be made void was only a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n assignment of the chattels. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 But s. 9 refers to a form of Bill of \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Sale given in the schedule to the "Act as that which is to be followed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and in that form there is con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 tained a covenant for the payment o}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f principal and interest, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 it seems to me to follow clearly that fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r the purpose of s.9, we are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bound to conclude tha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t a Bill of Sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 le is an instrument of which a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 covenant for the payment of princ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ipal and interest forms an integral part"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Clearly if the Bill of Sale were void n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5320372\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ot only as regards the assign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ment of chattels but also as regards the covenant for payment the\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re could be no merger of the debt due under the promissory note. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 When however, we turn to the Bills of Sale Ordinance 1879 (Ordinance 2 of 1879)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13068753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 3{\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\super\insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cap. \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 179.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 we find that the position is very different from that under the English Bills of Sale Acts. The provisions o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 f the English Bills of Sale Act 1882 have never been adopted in this Colony and no form of Bill of Sale is scheduled to the Ordinance of 1879. Instead, we have in s.3 a definition in the following terms: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "In this Ordinance unles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s the context }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 re\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 quires- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 bills of sale' shall include bills}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 of sale assignments transfers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 declarations of trust without tran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sfer inventories of goods with }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 receipt thereto attached or r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 eceipts for purchase-moneys of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 goods and other assurances of person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al chattels and also p\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 owers of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 attorney authorities or licenses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to take possession of personal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 chattels as security for any debt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and also any agreement whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 intended or not to be followed by the execution of any other instrument by which a right in equit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y to any personal cha\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ttels or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 to any charge or secu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rity thereon shall be conferred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ..." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This list of instruments clearly includes several which do not contain covenants for payment; and hence it cannot be held that a Bill of Sale within the meaning of the Ordinance n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ecessaril\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 y includes such a cove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nant, so that where a Bill of Sale is to be deemed fraudulent and void under s.7 of the Ordinance, it does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1194509\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 necessarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 follow that covenant for payment contained in the same instrument is also void. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068753\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 It follows that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ratio deci \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dendi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 in Monetary Advance Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Cater has never existed in the present case, and Cater's case cannot be relied upon as establishing that there is no mer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ger of the debt under the promi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ssory note in the debt under the Bill of Sale, even if the bill be void a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s regards the assignm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ent of chattels, a question which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is open to doubt, in view of the fact that copies of the promissory notes were attached to the registered bill. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 We have therefore to consider whether, assuming the covenant for payment contained in t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he Bill of Sale is not void, the debt under the promissory note, the subject of this action, is merged in the debt under the covenant. The appellants maintain that such is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 the case on the authority of Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 mmissioner of Stamps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hope. In that case property in\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 N.S.W. was}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 sol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d under an agreement that part of the purchase money should be paid in cash and the remainder with interest should be paid by 12 promissory notes falling due at various dates, the payment of which should be secured by a mortgage of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he prope\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 rty, which was duly exe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cuted. In such circumstances the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council held that there was only one debt and that had become a debt by specialty. \par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 But they also observed with regard to the judgment in Price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Moult 10 C.B., 561. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "But if that is to be understood a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s importing that a merger of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 simple contract debt in a debt of a higher nature is effected by law merely by the existence of an i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dentical covenant, and notwith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 standing the plain intention of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 parties to the contrary, \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is a proposition which their Lordships would hesitate to assent to. It would appear to be contrary t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 o other decided cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Twopenny }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7219753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 B&C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 208, and Authorities Collected and Class}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ified "under 2, Fisher on Mortga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ges 3rd edition, s.1328 to 1334."\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Twopenny }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , to which the Judicial Committee referred, was decided in 1824 and has never been overruled, and it is clear that in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Commissioner of Stamps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid1194509 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Hope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 their Lordships had no intention of overruling it; thus their judgment ca\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nnot be relied upon as establishing that a merger is effected by law notwi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 thstanding the express contra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ct of the parties to the contrary. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the Bill of Sale now under consideration, Clause 3 of the Clauses for Selection contains a clear argument that th\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e Grantee (the respondent) may exercise his rights powers and remedies under the promissory notes, and I hold that these have not been lost by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 merger in his rights, pow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ers and remedies (if any) under the bill of sale. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The next question raised by the appe\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 llant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s is that of novation. On the l0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 th July 1939 the parties signed a memorandum endorsed upon a copy of the Bill of Sale in the following ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 : \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 "Account stated between Birb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 al the grantee and Giwar Singh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 and Bhagelu the grantors who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 admit and acknowled\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ge that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 amount due under the within Bill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 of Sale and promissory notes is the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 104 15s. 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d. a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd that Giwar Singh's indebted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ness is the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 55 9s. 3d. and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Bhagelu's indebtedness is the sum of \'a3\loch\f0 49 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6s. 8d., mak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ing the said sum of \'a3\loch\f0 104 I5s. 11}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 d.\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 as "at this 10th day of July 1939." \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-333\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-333\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellants' argument is that this memorandum operates as a novation and extinguishes the respondent's rights under the promissory notes. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 This arguments has not been dealt with expressly by the learned Mag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 istrate\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , but he clearly did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 take the view that there had been a novation and I see no ground for hold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ing to that effect. The memoran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 dum is precisely what it purports to be, a statement of the amount due under the promissory notes and Bill of sale at the parti\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 cular date. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The appellants further argue that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 action upon the promissory notes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 involves a wrongful division of a cause of action, contrary to Rule 22 of the Summary Procedure Rules }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13068753\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 4{\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3756507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe3081\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp3081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\super\insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3756507 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3756507\charrsid13068753 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Rep.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Vide Magistrates' Courts Rules, 1945 O, IV \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 12}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ; and that as there is only one debt which was for a sum in excess o\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 f \'a3\loch\f0 50, the Magistrate's Courts had no jurisdiction. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I am unable to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756507\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 accept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 this contention. While there may be only one debt it may be secured by more than one security, each of which may give rise to a separate cause of action; and the appellants made it\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 clear by Clause 3 of the Clauses for Selection that they intended that the respondent should have separate cause of action in respect of the sums secured by the promissory notes respectively. This objection therefore fails. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3559549\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 There remains only the questi\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 on of the appellants' counter-claim, as to which the parties agree that, owing to a misunderstanding, th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6377695\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 e appel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 lants were not afforded an opportunity of calling evidence to establish their counter-claim. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068753\charrsid3756507 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As regards the respondent's claim, therefore, the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 appeal is dismissed and the record is remitted to the Magistrate's Court for evidence to be heard with regard to the counter-cla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940262\charrsid3756507 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 im and judgment given thereon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2106087\charrsid3756507 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7 065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000 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