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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9779933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 SUPREME COURT CASES OF FIJI \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14943204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9779933 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 [CIVIL JURISDICTION.] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14943204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9779933 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 [ACTION NO. 55, 1924.] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14943204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9779933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 FRANK HICKES}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 v. }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 ELIZABETH MARY FADDY. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14943204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9779933 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 1925, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 June}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 5. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14943204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid3551165 Summons under Order XIX, Rule 7 of the English Rules for further particulars of statement of claim - claim for rescission of contract &c., on the ground of fraudulent misrepresentation. \par \par }{\i\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid3551165 Held}{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid3551165 , allegations of fraud fully set out in the statement of claim - further particulars sought not essential for defence. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 Sir ALFRED YOUNG, C.J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 This is a Summons under Order XIX, Rule 7, of the English Rules (cf. A.P.) for further and better particulars of the Plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867270 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 s Statement of Claim filed the 10th February last.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par Mr. Grahame of counsel in support of the summons cited paragraph 10(2) of the State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 ent of Claim and submitted that the natu}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867270 re of the improvements referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 to in that paragraph are an important factor in decidin}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867270 g a fair value for the freehold;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 and that th e defendant is therefore entitled to the particulars asked for under paragraph 14 of the summons, so as to enable her to ascertain the half val}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 ue of the improvements to which}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 the lessee is entitled. Mr. Grahame further submitted that the defendant was entitled to particulars of the fraud alleged in the expressions "other wise falsely and fraudulently represented to the plaintiff" occurring in paragraph 20 of the Statement of Claim.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par In support of this contention he cited Order 19, Rule 6, which is to the effect th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 at particulars of alleged fraud}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 (with dates and items if necessary) must be stated in the pleading; and the note under Rule 15 of the same order headed "Fraud," was also cited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 it is to the following effect, "Any charge of fraud or misrepresentation must be pleaded with the utmost particularity."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par In paragraph 40 of the Statement of Claim it is stated that the true value of the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 s interest in the estate of Schemmell is not less than }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid8551038 \'a351}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038\charrsid8551038 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid8551038 ;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 and further particulars are sought as to how that estimate is arrived at. Mr. Crompton of counsel for the plaintiff has resisted the application; it remains therefore for me to examine the arguments in support and in objection.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par It has been lai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 d down as a general principle "that the object}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 of particulars is to enable the party asking for them to know what } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038\charrsid8551038 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid8551038 ase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 he has to meet at the trial, and so to save}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 unnecessary expense and avoid allowing parties to be taken by surprise" (}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 Spedding v. Fitzpatrick}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 , 38 Ch. D., p. 413) - keeping this rule in sight, is the plea ding complained of too general to enable the defendant to prepare his defence and does it admit of him being taken by surprise at the trial? In consideration of the question it is necessary to bear in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 mind the nature of the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 s claim:- it is (1) for the rescission of a contract and (2) for the rescission of a certain document in so far as the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 f}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 s interests is affected thereby. These rescissions are based on the general ground that the plaintif}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8551038 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 s consent to the documents was obtained by the fraudulent representations of the defendant, which it is admitted are fully set out in the Statement of Claim. With reference to paragraph 14 of the Statement of Claim particulars are sought in respect of the buildings on the estate as to date and cost of erection as well as to an estimate of the interest of John Robertson & Co. As a general rule it may be stated that in actions where the plaintiff claims a lump or definite sum of money either for money due or by way of loss, expenses and other special damage, particulars showing how the sum claimed is arrived at will at once be ordered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par It is quite clear from the pleadings that the cause of action relied on is the fraud and fraudulent misrepresentation of the defendant; and not an action for a definite sum of money or for special damages. It cannot therefore be held that particulars are necessary to limit the inquiry, nor that the defendant would be embarrassed in her defence by reason of her having no knowled g e of the case she had to meet, and moreover the material facts on which the plaintiff relies are equally known to the defendant - having arrived at the conclusion the onus is on the defendant to show by affidavit the special reasons why the particulars so ught should be ordered, and thus she has not done - in the words of Hawkins, Justice, in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 Roberts v. Owen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 , 6 L.T.R., p. 172, "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 prima facie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 she is not entitled and should be ordered."}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par Particulars are further sought as to the expression "otherwise falsely and fraudulently represented to the plaintiff." This is a form of pleading which is to be found in paragraph 7 of the Statement of Claim in the case of }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid9779933 Bibbs v. Guild}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 , 8 Q.B.D. p. 298. Under Rule 123 of the Rules of the Supreme Court it is sufficient to allege fraudulent intention as a fact without setting out the circumstances from which the same is to be inferred. The acts alleged to be fraudulent must be stated and from these acts fraudulent intent may be inferred, and it is sufficient to aver gener}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 ally that they were done fraudu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 lently (see Note}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204\charrsid14943204 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 A.P. p. 355 under heading "Fraudulent intention.").}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14943204 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 Does the pleading contained in paragraph 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 fulfil these requirements?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid8551038 In the first place}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 it fully alleges the "fraudulent intent."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par What is the act which is alleged to be fraudulent; is it not the causing of the letter to be delivered by her agent to the plaintiff and otherwise falsely and fraudulently representing to the plaintiff that the statements and representations contained in the letter were true and contain ed a full, complete and accurate statement of the facts material to be known by the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 \par The delivery of the letter in itself would not necessarily establish a fraudulent intent, but it is the contents of the letter from which a fraudulent intent may be inferred; and the expression "otherwise falsely and fraudulently represented" clearly relates to the intention to be inferred from the statements and representations contained in the letter. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 It seems to me therefore that paragraph 20 complies with the requirements of Rule 123; and that this form of pleading following, as it does, the form in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid8551038 Gibbs v. Guild}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 is sufficient. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 I am of opinion after reading the Statement of Claim, that to meet the a llegation of fraud set out therein, it is not essential that the defendant should know how the estimate of the value of the improvements effected on the lease are arrived at, nor that she should know how the estimated value of certain other interests in t he land are arrived at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8144017 ;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 the allegation is that by a series of false representations, and statements, the defendant induced the plaintiff to part with his interest in Sasolo or Nalobo. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 This is the case the defendant has to meet not whether the amount paid to the plaintiff, if any, was a fair and reasonable price, but whether the plaintiff was well aware that in signing the two documents set out in paragraph 21 of the Statement of Claim he was transferring a one-fifth share in the estate of Emil Schemmell to the defendant; and that such transfer was not induced by the false misrepresentation of the defendants. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 For the foregoing reasons the Summons is dismissed with costs. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779933\charrsid14943204 Counsel certified. \par }}