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{\title \'93this is a quote, has said, of me saying \'91this is a quote\'92\'94}{\author Robynne Blake}{\operator Robynne Blake}{\creatim\yr2011\mo3\dy9\hr9\min57}{\revtim\yr2011\mo3\dy12\hr18\min34}{\version8}{\edmins54}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1743}
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\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 [1922] 2 FLR}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  93}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 SUPREME COURT CASES OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 [CIVIL JURISDICTION.]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 [ACTION No, 71, 1922.]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 MOTI}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795  v. }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 BUGWAN SINGH.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 1922, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 Sept.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795  7.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid2833084 
Marriage according to Indian Custom "Actual Marriage" - meaning of in section 48(1) of the Marriage Ordinance 1918. Gifts or their value recoverable on failure to fulfil promise of marriage.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 K.J. MUIR MACKENZIE, Acting C.J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795  In this case I have to decide a
 matter very similar to the last case before me, that of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 Sukram v. Sampatia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 .
\par 
\par But here I find a difference in the facts established by the evidence.
\par 
\par By my decision in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 Sukram v. Sampatia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795  I held that the plaintiff must prove that betrothal was not followed 
by "actual marriage," and I held that "actual marriage" for the purpose of section 48(1) of the Marriage Ordinance 1918 did not necessarily mean "legal marriage," but a marriage consummated and of a binding nature according to the denomination of the part
ies. I also held in that case that the plaintiff had failed to prove that there had not been such a marriage duly consummated, and gave judgment for the defendant accordingly.
\par 
\par In the present case, after carefully considering all the evidence, I find the following facts.
\par 
\par The plaintiff, though not the father of the boy Gindah, brought him up and acted }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid2833084 in loco parentis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
 in this matter.
\par 
\par He arranged for the betrothal of the boy Gindah to Ramdei, the defendant's daughter, in 1916, and it was certainly understood
 between the parties that such betrothal should be followed by a marriage, Ramdei was then a child of 7 to 8 years old and Gindah a boy of about 12. The marriage ceremony was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid2833084 duly}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795  performed according}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833084  to Hindoo }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 practice.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13921079\charrsid11743795 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 And, certain gifts of jewellery, clothing, food and money were made to the bride and her family either before or at the ceremony.
\par 
\par After the ceremony the girl went to the house of Gindah's father for a night or two, taking with her the jewellery that had been given to her. She returned to her father for a sho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
rt time and then went back to Gi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 ndah's people for about three months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
\par After that she left and went back to her people and took with her certain jewellery. Why she left and how she left I cannot say, the story told in evidence is incredible on either}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 side;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 but I do believe the main fact and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  do believe the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833084 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
s story when he says that he, within three months, tried to get her back and made search for the jewellery; but was told on coming before }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  Magistrate that he should let the girl go, on the mother promising to return her.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
\par Further, I believe the evidence which was given by Gindah, that at that time there had been no consum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
ation of the marriage, and it was never in dispute that there had never been any consummation ceremony, so that I hold that up to th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 at time there had not been an "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 actual marriage" within the meaning of the section.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
\par After that the plaintiff waited for two years before taking any active step to have the marriage completed. Then the parties went before the Inspector of Immigrants, who told the parties to wait for another 2 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 \'bd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 years when the girl would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 be 13 and of age to be registered as married.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
At the end of that period the parties all went before the Court again, when the District Commissioner seems to have come to the conclusion that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  girl was still 9 months under 13, and told the parties to go away and come back again at the expiration of that time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 I do not know whether the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  defendant went willingly to consent to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  registration of the marriage on these two occasions or not, but that he was there is not disputed, and I do not believ
e his story when he says that the business on which they went was something other than registration, nor can I believe him, in face of- the action taken by Gindah and his people, when he says he was asked by them to take his girl away in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  first place.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 Indeed, I formed the conclusion that he was an utterly untrustworthy and objectionable person.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 Now, it is after this last visit to the Court that the plaintiff discovers that the girl is with another man and this action is brought in consequence.
\par 
\par She seems }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 to have gone, to her brother-in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 -law, and Gendah}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 brought proceedings for harbouring.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5910785 Thi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 s of course could not succeed, but p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833084 robably, as the result of them, the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid2833084 true }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 ituation was discovered, and the fact that she }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 iv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 ing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 ith}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8671014 Jawahir disclosed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I beli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 eve that this was the case beca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
use I find no reason to doubt the evidenc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 , of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8671014 B}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid8671014 unai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  Sing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8671014  when he says}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  he saw her daily.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I cannot help thinking it is probable that this took place with the defendant's knowledge, and not witho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 ut som}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 e }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 quid }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid4922155 p}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 ro quo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  passing to hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 , though I have no evidence before me to prove it, but it is immaterial to the decision of the case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 From the foregoing I therefore come to the conclusion that there was a betrothal, that gifts were made by plaintiff to the bride and her pe
ople, and that there was an agreement that actual marriage should follow, that actual marriage has not followed and that every endeavour has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 been made by the bridegroom and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  his people to bring about actual marriage without success.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I have then now to consider the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 gifts or their value, to which}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  the plaintiff who made them is, entitled.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I decided at the close of the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253343 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 s case that the defendant had to answer the case raised with regard to all gifts made in consideration of the forthco}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
ming marriage, and broadly indi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 cated what as then advised I considered to be the gifts there was a case to say were covered by the section. By this }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid12524493 I di}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524493 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 not intend to definitely hold that certain gifts or their value were recoverable; but only t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524493 hat I wished to hear the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  defen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 dant's case and arguments with regard to them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I will take the items }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid12524493 seriatim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  fro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  the statement of claim. The first is "Cash, \'a324." I find as a fact this was given. I do not belie}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524493 ve the defendant when he says he never had it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524493 H}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid12524493 ad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  the evidence of th
e payment rested on that of the plaintiff alone I should have hesitated to say that the case had been proved; but it was endorsed by Gindah who rightly or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 rongly I considered the most reliable witness in the case, for he seldom tried to put his case t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 oo high and was ready}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  to admit details, such as th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 e giving of the calf and receiv}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
g a dhoti from the defendant which he would probably consi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 der }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 told against case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 In additio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524493 n Pancham gave his evidence, an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
d though it was sugg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 sted he was Harli's brother, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  denied the fact and I d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 o not think I ought to pay much}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 attention to it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 The next five items have been re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 lin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
quished by the plaintiff -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 cash to priest, dancers, dhot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 i bearer}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  and barber, and sundry }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 small donation}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 s, not, I infer, because they c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 e outside the spirit }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 of the section, but because they}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 are outside its letter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I am therefore not concerned to decide with regard to them.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par The next item is "Food, \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 7 18}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  6}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 d.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3438416 " With regard to this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 item I have felt considerable doubt. I think, apart from the fact that the evidence has not established the payment of all this money, that it has established that (1) it was expended on the feast at the father's house, (2) it would not have been expende
d but for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028015 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028015 c}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 t }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028015 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 a mar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028015 riage ceremony was taking place,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 and (3) it is in a sense part of the marriage ceremony, in that it is as customary for the bridegroom's people to give a feast, as for the bride's to do likewise; but I cannot find either (1) tha
t it is an essential part of the ceremony, or that the expenditure constitutes a gift to the bride or her parents or guardians.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I think I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
ust disallow it, for if not, where is the matter to stop. Is an Indian to be allowed to entertain his friends sumptuously and lavishly and to recover afterwards if events turn out as in this case, or i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  the Court to decide on a reasonable expenditure and allow that only, or does the section restrict the right of recovery to those gifts of which the bride or her parents 
or guardians have had the benefit. I think I should be placing too wide a construction on the section if I said that the words "shall have made to any female immigrant or her parents or guardians" included the husband's feast. I hope that in the course of
 my decision at the end of the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
s case I did not make it appear that I definitely held the husband's feast to be an item I intended to allow. I am afraid my words delivered without opportunity for consideration may have implied as much. All I wishe
d to do was to give my view of the general intention of the section and to say I considered there was a case for the defendant to answer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028015 I have also in the next item dec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 ided to admit only those items which in my opinion were either directly given to the 
bride or her people or were given directly as part of the wedding ceremony at the bride's home, and of which she or her people obtained the benefit.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par The item claimed is \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 3 16}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
, and is made up of a variety of small items. I disallow items from that claim a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 mounting to 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 7}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  10}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid4922155 d.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 , leaving \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 2 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 18}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid14822752 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 d.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 The next item, or series of items are for "Jewellery, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 \'a3}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 2 10}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  and \'a316 6}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 On the whole I am inclined only partially to believe the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
s story with regard to these items. It is unlikely, or so far as I can gather at least unusual, for a Hindu marriage to take place without gifts of jewellery being given. The girl's departure is wrapped in mystery, but if, as I have held, she departed whe
n she was only eight years old, it is unlikely that she had charge of her own jewel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
ery when she was with her husband's people, and further than this she was found with only the pair of kharua, the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid14822752 has}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 li}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  and eight churis in her possession.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I believe that t
hese were given her by the plaintiff and that they are the ornaments which she habitually wore, which would account for her having taken them away with her. The incident of the search warrant makes me doubtful, but after all they did find only the items I
 have mentioned. As to the other items they may or may not have been given, but I cannot hold that plaintiff has proved that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 have been taken away.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I have no evidence before me as to the value of the kharua, hasli and churis. I propose to order }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 their return, or half the item 
\'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 16 6}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
 as their value, unless either party wishes to dispute this valuation, in which case I shall be prepared to hear evidence and make an award.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 The last item is two cows valued at \'a34. I intend to disallow this item. The evidenc
e tends to show that a gift of cows from father to daughter is customary, and further I have the fact that the father in this case was owner of a number of head of cattle.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 Furthermore, we come back to this mysterious departure. I do not believe in the sto
ry of the border raid and the carrying off of the woman and presumably the cattle with her, and if this did not take place, how, even supposing the cattle were given, did they get away from the plaintif}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 s home. I suppose the suggestion is that that they n
ever left the defendant's, but surely this is unlikely if they were ever given to the girl.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 On the whole I think the evidence is too doubtful to justify my holding that the plaintiff has prov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 
ed his case with regard to them}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 Judgment will accordingly be entered for \'a324, \'a32 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14822752 18}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid14822752 s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 d.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795  and the return of the pair of kharua, 1 hasli, 8 churis, or \'a38 3}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid4922155 s.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 The case is not without importance in its way, and has raised one or two points of difficulty. The plaintiff has only succeeded on, roughly speaking, half the v
alue of his claim it is true; but on the other hand I am quite satisfied that the evil conduct of the defendant has given rise to exactly the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 class of case the section is designed to suppress. And further}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 the parties were advised to take their case before the Supreme Court by the District Commissioner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155\charrsid11743795 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14822752 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 (After hearing arguments.)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11743795 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4922155 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11743795\charrsid11743795 I make order for costs.
\par }}