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{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 [1877] 1 FLR 15
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8217880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 Civil Jurisdiction
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 HARDING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 LIARDET.*
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 1877 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  25.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Action for assault and wrongful arrest and imprisonment in Samoa - Juri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 sdiction - Privilege of Consul.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
The Supreme Court of Fiji has jurisdiction to entertain an action between two British subjects for a tort committed in a foreign country such as Samoa; and the fact that the defendant was the British consul for Samoa and that the act charged against him 
was done in suc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409575\charrsid11756942 h capacity as consul, affords no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  defence to the action, there being no suggestion that such act had been sanctioned by the Government or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 chiefs of Samo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 a.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 *See next case.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Mr. Solomon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  for the plaintiff.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Mr. Forwood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 Mr. Truscott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  for the defendant.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 On the conclusion of the case, the facts and arguments in which sufficiently appear from the judgment, His}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
Lordship took time to consider his decision, and on 30th October, gave judgment as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 J. GORRIE, C.J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  In this case the p
laintiff, Harding, claims damages to the amount of 2,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 l.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 from Mr. E. Albert Liardet, Her Majesty's Consul at Samoa, for that he did with force and arms make an assault on him at Samoa, an island of the South Seas, and beat, wounded, and ill-treated him, and imprisoned him on board a vessel called the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Canterbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
, without reasonable or probable cause, for thirty-four hours, and for a further imprisonment of six hours on shore.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 The defence was, first, That the Court had no jurisdiction; and, second, That the defendant was not guilty of the wrong with which he was charged.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
As to the question of jurisdiction the defendant admitted that there could be no doubt of the jurisdiction if it were matter of contract which was being inquired into, but he contended tha
t this Court could not inquire into or grant damages in consequence of a tort committed in Samoa; and at all events, as to the acts of a consul, he was only liable to answer in the courts of England.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
But it seems, to me that the jurisdiction of Courts of justice is not limited to inquiries into contracts which may have been entered into abroad, but that they may competently inquire into civil remedies for alleged torts. In this case, for example, we a
r
e not asked to vindicate the laws of Samoa as regards assaults and batteries; but one of Her Majesty's subjects comes to this Court and complains that the defendant another British subject, who is at present within this Colony, did him a wrong in Samoa, f
or which he seeks reparation. Is the mere fact that the wrong was done in Samoa a good reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 for the Court shutting its ears to the complaint and denying justice to the plaintiff even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409575\charrsid11756942  if he could establish his case?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
\par 
\par There are some actions which are in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852457\charrsid11756942 eir nature local and could not b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 e tried beyond the country in which the cause of action arose, but there are others which are equally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
in their nature transitory and may be tried elsewhere. They do not frequently occur, because the plaintiff may not always find the defendant within the same jurisdiction as himself, and, if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852457\charrsid11756942 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  the difficulties of proving what happened in a foreign country are necessarily great. In England, formerly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 when fictions were a favourite method with lawyers of overcoming difficulties, the venue in such cases was laid within the body of an English county, but that is no longer required, and we have no such diff
iculty in our mode of procedure. The resort to fiction, however, showed that such actions in England were not unknown even at an early period. If actions upon contracts entered into abroad can be tried elsewhere - which is admitted by the defendant -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 it al
most necessarily follows that actions for damages arising from torts can be so tried. A contract; an obligation; and where one person undertakes to do, or pay, something to another, the agreement is binding between the two persons, not on account of the l
o
cality where the obligation was contracted but of the mutual undertaking of the parties to the bargain. The law of obligations is not peculiar to one country, but is common to all; and the enforcement is part of that universal law which all nations recogn
ise. But the claim of d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 amages which arises from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9449924\charrsid11756942 a delict }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 or tort
, has, if traced back to its underlying principle, the same legal basis as an obligation.
\par 
\par There is no written contract between men that each shall give to the other his due and respect his per
son and his liberty, but there is an implied obligation to that effect, and the civil claim of damages for a tort arises from a breach of that implied obligation. The civil results of de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ts form part of the general law of obligations in the Roman la}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  and t
he laws derived from it; and in England such actions are personal actions, in the same general category as actions arising }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447464\charrsid11756942 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  contracts.
\par 
\par There is, therefore, no reason in the nature of the claims themselves why they should be treated differently from thos
e arising from contracts as regards the place where the damages may be recovered, but every reason to place them on the same footing. There is one limitation, however, which must not be lost sight of in regard to torts committed abroad. If they are commit
ted in a British colony where English law prevails, or in England itself, the principles of the law being the same, that which is a tort in the Colony will be a tort in England, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 vice vers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447464\charrsid11756942 \'e1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 , so that there can be no inconvenience and no injustice in tryin
g the case either in the Colonial courts or in the English courts according as the litigants are within the jurisdiction of the one or the other. But it may happen that what is a tort by English law is not so by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 lex loci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
, and raises the very important question whether British subjects temporarily resident in a foreign country are to be so entirely governed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 lex loci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 that they cannot recover damages from each other for what are clearly torts by their own law, although they might not carry damages in the countr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 y}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 of their sojourn. That question again subdivides itself into what is to be the rule with regard to civilised communities, and with regard to such islands as those by which we are surrounded where no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 regular s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 stem of law prevails and where the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 lex loci commissi delicti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 might be nothing but the customary habits of barbarians.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Now, as to the first of these questions, I take it that the law as to civilised communities is that British subjects can recover damages f
or torts committed in foreign countries, but that if the act was authorised by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1472009\charrsid11756942 law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 of the country it cannot be the foundation of an action in a British court. That was laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Regi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  v. Lesley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  in regard to curtain persons brought from Valparaiso to Engl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 
and in an English ship by order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 of the Chilian Government. The acts of the master were held to be justifiable for what he did in Chilian waters at the request or by the order of the Chilian Government, but not beyond. That case was commented on an
d accepted as the law on the subject in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Phillips v. Eyre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 (2)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 (1) 29 L.J. (M.C.) 97.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 (2) L.R. 4 Q.B. 225. Affirmed 6 Q.B. 1.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 With regard to savage communities, or islands which have been Christianised but not yet moulded into a law-abiding state, acts done
 by one British subject to another which are torts by their own law will all the more be a good foundation for legal proceedings before a British Court of justice, as, if not inquired into there, they can scarcely be inquired into anywhere else. There is 
no question in this case as to any sanction of the Governmen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 t or chiefs of Samoa to the act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  of the defendant. That is not alleged; and the only allegation that is made to take it out of the ordinary class of cases is that he is the British consul, and that 
his proceedings were in fulfilment of his duties as such. Such a plea can be best judged of in a British court, where the law as to assaults and false imprisonment is well known,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 and where the privileges of consuls under the law can be inquired into and de
cided.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 But it is contended b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 
y the defendant that, being con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
sul, he can only be sued in England. No authority was brought forward to support the proposition; and I think it untenable. By admitting such an exemption of the defendant from the jurisdiction of this Court I would practically be denying justice to the p
l
aintiff; that justice, viz., which consists in having his suit heard and determined, whether in his favour or against him. The plaintiff in all probability may never be in England, and, if he were, the defendant might not be there to meet him before the c
ourts. But fortunately British subjects do not require to be within the realm of England to obtain justice. The Queen has established courts with ampl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 e jurisdiction throughout the w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ide bounds of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 he empire, so that those who may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942  never tread the precincts of We}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 stmi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 ns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 ter H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942  y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 et enjoy
 all the benefit of those principles of justice which have founded and which s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 ustain the fabric of the common}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 wealth. In the ol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 d law certain provisions were m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ade for the security of persons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 n the service of the Crown, such as ambassadors, commander}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984970\charrsid11756942 
s of armies, and governors. But}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
 in modern times these privileges have been looked upon with great jealousy; and it has been held by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Hill v. Brigge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
, differing from the doctrine which Lord Mansfield seemed to lay down}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 Mostyn v. Fabrigas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 , which, howev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 er, was in a late case adopted, that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 overnor even ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942  sued in the courts of his own g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 overnment, although probably no exec}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 tion would be allowed to iss}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
e which might impair the efficient carrying out of his commissio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 . Consuls are not such a class of officers as to come within the cat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 gory of the high officials I have named. If exceptions were to be made in their favour where would they end? I reco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 llect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  t
hat in the colony I have just left,* the Supreme Court was one day asked to sanction the proposition (which had been listened to by one of the District Magistrates) that a person was not subject to arrest for debt because he was the clerk of the French co
nsul!}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
This Court, and all courts, will recognise the commission of the defendant and will aid him in executing that commission when they can do so with due regard to the interests of others; and thus it is that to enable him to return to the sphere of his d
uties I have given these causes a preference, but cannot admit that he is above and beyond the jurisdiction of this Court because of his consul's commission, and I will therefore proceed to inquire into the merits of the cause.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 (1) 3 Moo. P.C.C. 465}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 (2) 1 Sm. L.C. 658.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942 *Mauritius
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 [His Lordship then proceeded at some length to review the facts relating to the alleged wrongful arrest and imprisonment and then continued:-]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Now; had the defendant any authority under his consul's commission - any authority at 
all - to order such an arrest, for if he had no authority it would be of less consequence to inquire whether he had probable cause?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 
\par This is a question by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  no means so easy to determine as the plaintif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13720560\charrsid11756942 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 s counsel seemed to imagine. The power and authority of consuls vary very m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002647\charrsid11756942 u}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
ch in different quarters of the globe. They are not as a rule recognised as judicial officers, and yet in some countries they have magisterial and judicial powers. The consul, for example, at Madagascar has the power to arrest and com
mit prisoners for trial to the Supreme Court of Mauritius. He has also civil judicial power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  This is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942 onferred by an Order in Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ; and the right to establish such a jurisdiction over British subjects must rest upon the concessions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942  in a treaty with a foreign pow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
er. The defendant is unable to refer us to any Order in Council giving him like powers; but on the other hand it is undoubted that the consuls in such places as Samoa have been accustomed to e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 xercise an authority wider than}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  elsewhere. Probably the
 extent to which this was carried depended a good deal upon the personal character of the consul himself, and the willingness of the resident British subjects that for the general good such a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  authority should be exercised. Mr. Thurston,* who was well acqu
ainted with the mode in which the consular office had been executed in Fiji in former times, gave us the information that many persons had been arrested and deported from the group by the consul, although he would not venture to go the length of saying th
at such powers came within the consul's commission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11816157 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 * Afterwards Sir John Bates}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942  Thurston, K.C.M.G.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942 Governor of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 Fiji, and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 The consul's commission, as we see from that put in by the defendant, is simply by all lawf
ul means to aid and protect merchants and other subjects of the Queen who may trade with, visit, or reside in the place to which the consul is accredited. The primary idea is to prevent merchants being imposed upon and interfered with by the foreign power
;
 but Her Majesty has further ample powers under the Acts of Parliament 35 & 36 Vict. c. 19, and 38 & 39 Vict. c. 51, to confer much wider and comprehensive powers over her subjects in the islands of the Pacific. The consul indeed by the first of those Act
s has power to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942  se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244426\charrsid11756942 iz}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 e a certain description of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
vessels and to bring them before a Vice-Ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 iralty Court. By the second of those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 Acts Her Majesty has power to create and constitute the office of High Commissioner, to make regulations for the government of Brit
ish subjects in the islands of the South Seas, and to impose penalties, forfeitures or imprisonments for breach of such regulations, and also to erect a Court of justice for British subjects in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 e islands of the Pacific,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  and to make Orders in Council for 
the government of such subjects. But no such High Commissioner has as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 et }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 been appointed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  no such Court as yet has been created, no such Order in Council has been received,* and the consul's powers must be judged of as they stand. T
hese have not been shown by defendant to be magisterial or judicial. He might have shown some strong necessity laid upon him to do as he had done as a justification of his acts, but I doubt if in this case he has been able to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756942\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11816157 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8086265\charrsid11756942 *S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 ee now, however, the Western Pacific Orders in Council 1877-1893, by which the Office and Court of the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific have been constituted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13720560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
\par [His Lordship then further referred to the evidence and concluded by saying:-]
\par 
\par I must therefore hold the respondent responsible fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 r the latter part of the arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ; and I regard it as having been done beyond the scope of the defendant's authority and without reasonable or probable cause. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 o malice is alleged, and doubtle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 ss the defendant is en
titled to the presumption that he believe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 
, however erroneously, that he was acting in the discharge of his duty. I believe that the justice of this case, however, will be fairly met by awarding a su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  of 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 l.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942  in name of damages which will also carry the co
sts of the cause, which, however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 , I will reserve the right to m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8942172\charrsid11756942 odify, if necessary, when the bill is taxed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11816157 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 Judgment for plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816157\charrsid11756942 
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