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{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865237 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865237 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865237 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865237 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865237 }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715720  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5449077 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12865237 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715720 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715720 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\ltrrow\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-796\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth10225 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 IN THE FAMILY DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par 
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-796\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth10225 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-686\trleft5\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 CASE NUMBER:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6952523 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid6952523\charrsid6952523 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Family High Court Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid6952523 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6952523  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid6952523\charrsid6952523 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Case No.: 09 of 2020
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Case No.: 09 of 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-686\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-785\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid6952523\charrsid6952523 
\hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 HASEENA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 
\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-785\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-754\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5511446 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid6952523\charrsid6952523 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 SAAJID}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 
\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-754\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh868\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 Appearances:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4676500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\insrsid5511446\charrsid4676500 
\hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 (Ms) Jowen Singh with (Ms) Benazir Muhammed for the \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 appellant
\par \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Mr Mosese Naivalu for the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid5511446 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh868\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh641\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid1595887 Date/Place of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 
Tuesday, 10th November, 2020 at 9.00am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid3347151 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh641\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-714\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 Date/Place of judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5511446 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Wednesday, 17th February, 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid3347151 
\hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid3347151 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-714\trleft5\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-710\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 Coram: \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5511446 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid1133856 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Hon. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446 Jude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  Nanayakkara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid1133856 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid1595887 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-710\trleft5\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-892\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 Category:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 
All identifying information in this judgment have been anonymized or removed and pseudonyms have been used for all persons referred to. Any similarities to any persons is purely coincidental.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-892\trleft5\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-996\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 Anonymised Case Citation:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid4078831\charrsid4078831 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 HASEENA v. SAAJID \hich\f40 \endash \loch\f40  Fiji Family High }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid395092\charrsid4078831 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 Court Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid4078831\charrsid4078831 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40  Case Number: 09 of 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid4078831 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-996\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1133856\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3445 \cellx3450\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6780 \cellx10230\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow10\irowband10\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-655\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5511446\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth10225 \cellx10230\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posy1095\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1133856 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 \hich\af40\dbch\af40\loch\f40 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af40\hich\af40\dbch\af40\langnp3081\insrsid5511446\charrsid1133856 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5511446\charrsid2368431 
\trowd \irow10\irowband10\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-655\trleft5\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposy1095\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth10225\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5511446\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth10225 \cellx10230\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16712020 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5511446 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16712020 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15284618 [A]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15284618 INTRODUCTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16712020 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15284618 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15284618 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15284618 
This is an appeal from the decision of the Learned Magistrate at Lautoka, delivered on 26-03-2020.  In its decision, the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court made a finding that the appellant and the respondent did not live in a de facto relationship within the definition of Section 154(A) of the Family Law Act, No. 18 of 2003 and dismissed the appellant\rquote s application for property settlement. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 [B]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13113469 THE MAGISTRATE\rquote S FINDINGS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 

\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 The Learned Magistrate\rquote 
s findings as to whether or not the appellant and the respondent were in a de facto relationship are set out at paragraph (28) and (29) of the reasons where his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 orship said;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 (28)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid5335298 The duty of proving there was a de facto relationshi
p cast upon the applicant lady. And it is to be proved on the balance of probability.  However, on the above findings I am of the view that evidence is not sufficient for a reasonable person to come to a finding that they were in a de-facto relationship.

\par 
\par (29)\tab Accordingly, I conclude that applicant and respondent were not in a de-facto relationship. I further order that the substantive matter cannot proceed on the finding of this ruling and dismissed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid5335298 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 [C]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 The Legislation 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 The Court relied on s.154 and s
.154A of the FLA. These sections read:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 
\par s.154 \endash  \'93de facto relationship means\'94 the relationship between a man and a woman who live with each other as spouses on a genuine domestic basis although not legally married to each other;\'85\'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 
\par \'93party to marriage\'94 includes a party to a de-facto relationship;\'85\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 
\par s. 154A \endash  \'93In determining whether two persons are in a de facto relationship, all the circumstances of the relationship are to be taken into account, including but not limited to the following as may be relevant in a particular case \endash  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 
\par (a) the duration of the relationship;
\par (b) the nature and extent of common residence;
\par (c)  whether or not sexual relationship exists;
\par (d) the degree of financial dependence or interdependence and arrangements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 
\par      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469\charrsid13113469 for financial support between the parties;
\par (e) the ownership, use and acquisition of property;
\par (f) the degree of mutual commitment to shared life;
\par (g) the care and support of children, if any;
\par (h) the performance of household duties; and 
\par (i) the reputation and public aspects of the relationship\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 [D]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264 
GROUNDS OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113469 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13113469 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 \tab The appellant relied on two (02) grounds of appeal.  They are as follows;
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12914786 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264 Ground (01)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13113469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid16084108 That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in f}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5335298\charrsid16084108 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid16084108 
 when he stated that there was no de-facto relationship between the Appellant and the Respondent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264 Ground (02)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid16084108 That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact without properly considering the evidence adduced in the hearing that parties were in a common residence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 [E] \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Legal Principles \endash  Appellate considerations 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (01)\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535 Williams v Minister of Aboriginal Land Rights Act , 1983}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535 and The State of New South}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535 Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid4662759 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid4662759 
 [2000] NSWCA 255 [60]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  Heydon JA (Spigelman CJ & Sheller JA agreeing) said, in relation to challenges of that kind, that an appeal court:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \'85\'85is in the same position as that ascribed to the Full Federal Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Minister for Immigration, Local  Government and Ethnic Affairs v Hamsher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 [1992] FCA 184; (1992) 35 FCR 359 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 at 369 per Beaumont and Lee JJ:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2520\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \lquote \'85
..the court is not obliged to proceed to make new findings of fact on all relevant issues and discharge the judgment appealed from if those findings differ from those of the trial judge and do not support th
e judgment. The court must be satisfied that the judgment of the trial judge is erroneous and it may be so satisfied if it reaches the conclusion that the trial judge failed to draw inferences that should have been drawn from the facts established by the 
e
vidence. The court is unlikely to be satisfied if all that is shown is that the trial judge made a choice between competing inferences, being a choice the court may not have been inclined to make but not a choice the trial judge should not have made. Wher
e the majority judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Warren v Coombes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
 [(1979) [1979]HCA 9; 142 CLR 531] (at 552-553) states that an appellate court must not shrink from giving effect to its own conclusion, it is speaking of a conclusion that the decision of the trial judge is wrong 
and that it should be corrected. (See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Edwards v Noble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  [1971] }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 HCA 54; (1971) 125 CLR 296}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
, per Barwick CJ (at 304), per Menzies J (at 308-309) and per Walsh J (at 318-319).)\rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (02)\tab Heydon JA\rquote 
s observations have been cited with approval in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535 Adler v Australian Securities and Investments Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\ul\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725 
 [2003] NSWCA 131; (2003) 179 FLR 1[17]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Dolber v Halverson}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725 
 [2007] NSWCA 335; (2007) 70 NSWLR 151, 164-165}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 ; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1192535 
Leeder v The State of Western Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid7620725  [2008] WASCA 192 [58].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid469587 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (03)\tab Those principles are to be applied in this case in the context of the Resident Magistrate\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid469587 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid469587 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 determination that the appellant and 
the respondent were not in a \lquote de facto\rquote  relationship for the purposes of the Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (04)\tab 
The nature of the decision under challenge is relevant to the court\rquote s approach to the assessment of error by the Resident Magistrate. The following observation of Allsop J  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 [}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 as his Lordship then was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1256765 Branir Pty Ltd v Owston Nominees (No 2) Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid4662759 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid4662759  (2001) FCA 183}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720 3}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  (Drummond and Mansfield JJ agreeing) are relevant to a consideration of the appellate court\rquote s task in a case such as the present.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 What is error in any given case depends, 
of course, not only on the evidence, but also on the nature of the findings or conclusions made by the primary judge. The demonstration of error may not be straight \endash 
forward where findings or conclusions involve elements of fact, degree, opinion or judgment\'85\'85
\par 
\par This is not to elevate ordinary factual findings to the protected position of those based on credit, but it is to make clear, first, the advantages of the trial judge and, secondly, the need for demonstration of error. The inability to identify error 
may arise in part from the unwillingness of the appeal court to be persuaded that it is in as good a position as the trial judge to deal with the issues, because of the kinds of considerations referred to in [24] above. Or, it may be that the nature of th
e
 issue is one such that (though not a discretion) there cannot be said to be truly one correct answer. In such cases the availability of a different view, indeed even perhaps the preference of the appeal court for a different view may not be alone suffici
ent; see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Zuvela v Cosmarnan Concrete Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 [1996] HCA 30;(1996) 71 ALJR 29 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 at 30-31; [1996] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 HCA 30; 140 ALR 227 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
at 229-230. In circumstances where, by the nature of the fact or conclusion, only one view is (at least legally) possible (for example, the pro
per construction of a statute or a clause in a document, where, although, as often said, minds might differ about such matters of construction, there can be but one correct meaning: see generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Enfield City Corporation v Development Assessment Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 [2000] HCA 5; (2000) 199 CLR 135,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
 151-156) the preference of the appeal court for one view would carry with it the conclusion of error.  However, other findings and conclusions may be far more easily open to legitimate differences of opinion eg valuation questions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 see Fenton Nominees Pty Ltd v Valuer-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (1981) 27 SASR 258}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 , 259-263; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
47 LGRA 71 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 at 73-76.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \'85\'85
.in that process of considering the facts for itself and giving weight to the views of, and advantages held by, the trial judge, if a choice arises
 between conclusions equally open and finely balanced and where there is, or can be, no preponderance of view, the conclusion of error is not necessarily arrived at merely because of a preference of view of the appeal court for some fact or facts contrary
 to the view reached by the trial judge.
\par 
\par The degree of tolerance for any such divergence in any particular case will often be a product of the perceived advantage enjoyed by the trial judge. Sometimes, where matters of impression and judgment are concerned, giving \lquote full weight\rquote  or 
\lquote particular weight\rquote  to the views of the trial judge might be seen to shade into a degree of tolerance of divergence of views\'85..However, as Hill J said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v Chubb Australia Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  [1995] FCA 1146; (1995) 56 FCR 557, 573, \lquote giving full weight\rquote  to the view appealed from should not be take}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6384809 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
 too far. The appeal court must come to the view that the trial judge was wrong in order to interfere. Even if the question is one of impression or judgment, a sufficiently clear difference of opinion may necessitate that conclusion.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (05) \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1256765 T and C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid3089855 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid3089855  (2010) FCWA 91}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
, Thackray CJ noted the observations of Gleeson CJ concerning the concept of de facto marriage in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1256765 MW v The Department of Community Service}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid3089855 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid3089855  [2008] HCA 12; (2008) 244 ALR 205}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
. In that case, Gleeson CJ made the following observations which provide some guidance as to the interpretation of the expression \lquote marriage \endash like relationship\rquote . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
Finn J was correct to stress the difference between living together and living together \lquote as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union\rquote 
. The relationship between two people who live together, even though it is a sexual relationship, may, or may not, be a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union. One consequenc
e of relationships of the former kind becoming commonplace is that it may now be more difficult, rather than easier, to infer that they have the nature of marriage or civil union, at least where the care and upbringing of children are not involved}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Marria
ge in Australia and New Zealand, involves legal requirements of formality, publicity and exclusivity. A person may be a party to only one marriage at a time. De facto relationships, on the other hand, do not involve these elements. They are entered into, 
and may be dissolved; informally\'85
.It goes without saying that there is no mandatory public registration of sexual relationships, even if they involve cohabitation. De facto relationships may co-exist with the marriage of one or both parties and, at least in
 some circumstances, people may be parties to multiple de facto relationships. Yet the law to be applied in this case acknowledges that some are, and some are not, in the nature of marriage. How is the difference to be determined? No single and comprehens
ive answer to that question can be given, but there is one test that applicable to the present case. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (06)\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid1256765 Stack v Dowden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid4934877 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid4934877  (2007) 2 AC 432}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 , Baroness Hale of Richmond J. said:

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par \lquote Cohabitation comes in many different shapes and sizes. People embarking on their first serio
us relationship more commonly cohabit than marry. Many of these relationships may be quite short-lived and childless. But most people these days cohabit before marriage\'85.So many couples are cohabiting with a view to marriage at some late date \endash 
 as long ago
 as 1998 the British Household Panel Survey found that 75% of current cohabitants expected to marry, although only a third had firm plans: John Ermisch, Personal Relationships and Marriage Expectations (2000) Working Papers of the Institute of Social and 
Economic Research: Paper 2000-27. Cohabitation is much more likely to end in separation than is marriage, and cohabitations which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid15481264 end in separation tends}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264  to last for a shorter time than marriages which end in divorce. But increasing numbers of couples cohab
it for long periods without marrying and their reasons for doing so vary from conscious rejection of  marriage as a legal institution to regarding themselves \lquote as good as married\rquote  anyway: Law Commission, Consultation Paper No 179, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 Part 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 , para 2.45.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 (07)\tab In the Federal Court case of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid15481264\charrsid9638325 Lynam v The Director-General of Social Security}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\super\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15481264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid15159512 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15159512  (1983) 9 FAM LR 305}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
, the court considered whether a man and a woman were living together \lquote as husband and wife on a bona fide domestic basis\rquote . Fitzgerald J said;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15481264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15481264\charrsid15481264 
\par Each element of a relationship draws
 its color and its significant from the other elements, some of which may point in one direction and some in the other. What must be looked at is the composite picture. Any attempt to isolate individual factors and to attribute to them relative degrees of
 
materiality or importance involves a denial of common experience and will almost inevitably be productive of error. The endless scope for differences in human attitudes and activities means that there will be an almost infinite variety of combinations of 
circumstances which may fall for consideration. In any particular case, it will be a question of fact and degree, a jury question, whether a relationship between two unrelated persons of the opposite sex meets the statutory test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15812601 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid15481264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16712020 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16712020\charrsid16712020 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15812601\charrsid15812601 [F]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15812601 CONSIDERATION AND THE DETERMINATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16712020 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14689277 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14689277 (01)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 The question in this appeal is whether the Resident Magistrate was correct in finding that the parties were not in a de-facto relationship within the definition of Section 154(A) of the Family Law Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786  No. 18 of 2003. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 The factors 
that may be taken into account in determining whether a de-facto relationship exists for the purpose of the Act include the matters contained in Section 154(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 ) of the Family Law Act, No.18 of 2003. In determining whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141144 a de-facto relationship exists courts are often required to assess multiple piec}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 es of circumstantial evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141144 That is why the indicia set out in Section 154(A) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141144  inclusive but not exhaustive. If sufficient pieces of evidence exist which, when viewed cumulatively and through the applicatio
n of common sense and proper reasoning, satisfy the finder of fact that the relationship is a de-facto relationship then the statutory test is met.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601\charrsid15812601 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15812601 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812601 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3294772 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3294772 Section 154(A) factors
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3294772\charrsid3294772 (a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3294772 Duration of the relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3294772 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3294772 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3294772 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8209991 02}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3294772 )\tab 
Obviously, there has to be a relationship before it can blossom into a de-facto relationship, if at all. For there to be a relationship, there must be an emotional association between two persons. The determination whether two people did live together as 
a couple is ultimately a case-specific inquiry and no one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 formulaic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3294772  approach is prescribed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8209991 03}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 Concerning the duration of the marriage, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 he Resident Magistrate said; (reference is made to paragraph (9), (10), (11), and (12) of the decision).
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4946621 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 (09)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 Applic
ant in her evidence adduced that she was in a relationship with the respondent man from 2011 December.  Her position is that respondent came to Fiji for 5 days and did the \'93Nikar\'94
 Ceremony followed by two days stay with the applicant.  She further said that whenever respondent came to Fiji he used to stay with her and went to her relations as well.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 (10)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 \tab 
However, only one witness of the applicant confirmed that respondent visited their family house.  On the other hand, respondent provided his travel details
 and applicant admitted that he has visited twice to Fiji.  Applicant, is claiming the full time from the \'93Nikar\'94 in 2011 to the day they broke up in 2016 be counted towards the time they were in relationship.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 
\par (11)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 \tab Even though cohabitation in a single pla
ce is mandatory there should be other evidence suggesting they used to consider them as de facto partners even when apart.  Applicant said the respondent used to call him daily basis but failed to provide any details or at least the number he used to call
 her.  It is also evidence that respondent has not stayed in Fiji more than 6 days at any given time.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 (12)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4946621\charrsid4946621 \tab On the above finding, I\rquote 
m of the view that the period applicant claim cannot be considered as the full period she claims.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3294772 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8209991 04}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 )\tab The Resident Magistrate did not express any conclusion concerning \'93the duration of the relationship\'94
. His Worship made no finding on the point.  The absence of a finding in relation to a matter listed in Section 154(A) of the Family Law Act, No. 18 of 2003 in deciding 
whether the parties lived in a de-facto relationship is fatal because it is detrimental to the appellant\rquote s case.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8209991 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 )\tab The appellant\rquote s evidence established that on 25-12-2011, a \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2888456\charrsid9638325 Nikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 \rquote  ceremony took place at \lquote Madrassa\rquote  at the residence of Molvi.  The Islamic ceremony of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4676500 marriage was conducted by Molvi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid271273  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755520 
ikah ceremony photographs were tendered to Court by the appellant as exhibits. Furthermore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
Molvi gave evidence in Court and confirmed that he conducted the Islamic ceremony of marriage between the appellant and respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 
The respondent admits that there was an Islamic marriage ceremony, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5335298\charrsid9638325 Nikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 
 but he sought to argue that it was of no legal effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487  on the basis that there were no attesting witnesses. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 eave all that aside for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 moment;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 an Islamic marriage ceremony [a Nikah] is not treated as creating a valid marriage in English law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid158718  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
It is true that the appellant and the respondent had undertaken a religious marriage according to their faith which they themselves and the Islamic world considered made them husband and wife. I venture to say that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid9638325 Nikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
 ceremony would be followed by a civil marriage ceremony. Without such a ceremony, they will not be legally recognized as being married.  In this case, there was no civil ceremony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 for legal recognition after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid9638325 Nikah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5335298 That is unfortunate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 The appellant and the respondent will not be treated as validly married.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2888456 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 06}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 )\tab As can be seen from the transcript of evidence from the Family Court hearing, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid8390178 appellant gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15751325\charrsid8390178 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid8390178 that;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1800\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5064115 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 (i)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487 Following the customary marriage namely the Nikah ceremony, the appellant and the respondent travelled to Sigatoka as a couple to visit a respondent\rquote s friend and after that they came to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 a restaurant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027\charrsid1341487 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487  La}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487 utoka and had lunch.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10968183  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid9638325 [This piece }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid9638325 of evidence was not challenged in cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid9638325 .]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li1800\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5064115\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1800\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5064115 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 (ii)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487 After having lunch, the respondent took the appellant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14441027  the hotel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487  at Lautoka and spent two days in the hotel and cohabitated in a sexual relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487  The respondent denied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786  having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487 being with her at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12331005 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487 otel. However, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487  unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487  evidence of the appellant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676500\charrsid1341487 sister }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676500 lends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487  credence to the appellant\rquote s version that she spent two days at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid813197\charrsid1341487 hotel with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1341487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 I pause here to observe that Counsel for the respondent in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 lower court refrained from cross-examining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 the appellant\rquote s sister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 and therefore it is enticing to accept the unchallenged evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 appellant\rquote s sister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 toto.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6191441 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 (iii)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487 The following day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11623270 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10713472\charrsid1341487  respondent travelled to Ba with the appellant to meet the appellant\rquote s mother and share}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10713472\charrsid1341487  time with the appellant\rquote s mother.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10713472\charrsid1341487 
Before leaving Ba, the respondent had promised the appellant\rquote s mother that he will take care of her daughter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid1341487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid9638325 [This piece of evidence is unchallenged in cross-examination]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325\charrsid1341487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6191441 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 (iv)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 Following the Nikha cere
mony, the respondent and the appellant spent two days cohabiting, engaging in sexual intercourse and spending time together}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14441027 the h
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 otel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10713472\charrsid1341487 
On the third day, the respondent who is a permanent resident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 in New Zealand returned to New Zealand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10713472\charrsid1341487 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-720\li1800\ri360\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5064115\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid2556051 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1800\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5064115 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 (v)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 Before returning to New Zealand, the respondent had given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 a sum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 $400.00 to the appellant as a financial support and had asked her to make her passport and had told her that he will sponsor }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341487 and take }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 her to New Zealand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid9638325 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid9638325 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid9638325  piece of evidence is unchallenged in cross-examination and this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid9638325  is the telling piece of evidence concerning the respondent\rquote s intention to live with the appellant in New Zealand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5991405\charrsid9638325 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051\charrsid1341487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5064115 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6191441 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 
The above pieces of evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2556051  concerning cohabiting, sexual intimacy, shared activities and visiting parents provides a telling insight into the respondent\rquote s approach to his }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 relationship with the appellant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15751325 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 08}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 )\tab Based on the above mentioned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 pieces }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919  unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
 evidence, the Resident Magistrate should have found a de-facto relationship to ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 ve commenced in December 2011. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
This was open to his Worship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919  on the unchallenged evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 Unfortunately, his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 orsh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 ip made no finding on the point and this has resulted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 a serious miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 It was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 evidence of the appellant that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
fter he returned to New Zealand, the appellant lived with her sister at Ba for about three months and thereafter at the invitation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5510247 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10049841  she moved into the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5510247 respondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
residential property at Nadi in 2012.  The residential property at Nadi comprised of two apartments and the appellant moved into the apartment which was vacant. She continued to live at the appellant\rquote s apartment until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 July, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 2016. It was the evidence of the appellant that when she moved into the apartment, there was no elect
ricity and water and the respondent sent her $1,000.00 to apply for electricity and water. She said that the respondent communicated with her daily over the phone and used to send her monthly $200.00 for her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178 living}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841  expenses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 It was the evidence of the app
ellant that the respondent used to send her things including undergarments and he financially supported her from 2012 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8390178 July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
2016 while she was living in the respondent\rquote s apartment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061  She also said that during the period 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860  July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 2016, the respondent visited her thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 ee times}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 
each time he stayed with her in the apartment for about three days. During the three days}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 
 she cooked for him, washed his clothes and also had sexual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064115 relations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 
with him.  She said that the respondent could not live with her in Fiji because of his business commitments in New Zealand. It is clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212  from her evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6584061  that the appellant and the respondent continued to cohabit when he came to Fiji three times during the period 2012 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 2016. In 2016, the appellant had become suspicious as to the respondent\rquote 
s living arrangements in New Zealand and found that he was living with another woman in New Zealand. Nevertheless, the relationship continued thereafter, although it began to weaken and head towards a \lquote slow death\rquote . In July 2016,
 when the respondent visited her in Fiji, the appellant confronted the respondent over the female companion in New Zealand and as a result he fought with the appellant. The appellant obtained a DVRO against the respondent and the relationship finally came
 to an end in July 2016.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10049841 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13645288 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4588635 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13645288 )\tab Largely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13645288  as a result of the cross-examination of the appellant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 the following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13645288 body of evidence emerged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 which lends credence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13645288 
the proposition that the respondent was in a de-facto relationship with the appellant. The following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975  exchanges took place between the appellant and Counsel for the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212  in the course of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975  cross-examination of the appellant: (Reference is made to page (15) and (16) of the transcript of hearing).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6584061 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab And you say hotel and a house whose house?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 A:\tab It was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3214168 respondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 house which was located in Nadi but he told me stay in that house.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab No, staying together in whose house; not alone together?
\par A:\tab My husband I was staying with him.
\par 
\par Q:\tab Where?
\par A:\tab Nadi back road.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6191441\charrsid5976212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab For how long?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 A:\tab He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 uses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212  to come to Fiji for 2-3 days that is the time we use to stay together.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab How }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 much time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212  he came to Fiji?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 A:\tab 
3 times and there was a case against him; when the case was dealt with then after the case he came again.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab Did you ever stay with him together for one week; 7 straight days?
\par A:\tab No Sir he only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid5976212 uses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212  to come for 2 days to Fiji.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
So you stayed with him together for two days correct?
\par A:\tab Yes Sir.
\par 
\par Q:\tab Apart from sex what else did you do?
\par A:\tab I use to cook food for him I use to wash his clothes.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab But this is just two days correct?
\par A:\tab He only comes for two days so I use to do those things for two days.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab Did you ever do this for 7 days consecutively?
\par A:\tab He never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 uses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212  to come for 7 days.
\par 
\par Q:\tab Just two days?
\par A:\tab Only for two days.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab You agree this 
was a very short relations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 hip staying together would you }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 agree?
\par A:\tab Yes it was very short because he stated he can\rquote t come frequently and he cannot stay more than two days he has a business to operate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab 
And as husband and wife do you agree it was a very short relationship; you stayed together very short and husband and wife also very short?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 A:\tab Yes Sir.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab 
So you said you would talk to him on the phone almost every day, do you have any evidence?
\par A:\tab I use to talk with him every day and sometimes in a one day he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
 to call twice in a day.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1794142 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab Do you have any evidence?
\par A:\tab I don\rquote t have any evidence for that but he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1794142\charrsid5976212  to call me on the phone.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975\charrsid5976212 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid5976212 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 [Emphasis added]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6191441 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6191441 (11)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 And further down at page (21) and page (22)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
 it was even conceded by the respondent the relationship he had with the appellant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4554170 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab We put it to you that you have never lived together in a house for more than 3 years?
\par A:\tab I admit that I did not stay continuously 3 years with him but he use to come like sometimes not frequently; but whenever he use to come he use to stay with me.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab 
Duration of relationship was very short yes or no?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 A:\tab 
The respondent use to come for a short period of time so we only stayed for short period.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab So you agree short?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 A:\tab 
He use to come on those particular days and we stayed together for those days.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975\charrsid5976212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212                        \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976212\charrsid5976212 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12347358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab There were no children; the performance of household chores again was short?
\par A:\tab The duration I stayed in that house; I was looking after the house; I was doing the household chores.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab But he was no there?  You are doing it for you wasn\rquote t it?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 A:\tab 
The period he was here; he was staying with me that was the time I use to do the household chores; like cook his food; and wash his clothes.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 
\par Q:\tab Very short?
\par A:\tab Yes because he use to come only for those days; short period of time.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10968183 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid5976212 Q:\tab And finally the relationship was not really made public because it was a short relationship?
\par A:\tab Yes we use to visit the families openly we use to go and visit his families and my family.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4554170 
\par Q:\tab Yes it was only between your families correct?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4554170 A:\tab 
He use to come to my family and I use to go to his family; it\rquote s public.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4554170 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12347358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid10945992 Q:\tab But it was very short?
\par A:\tab No answer.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4554170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4554170\charrsid10945992 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid10945992 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6191441 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10945992 Emphasis added]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862975 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10945992 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15403134 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10945992\charrsid5205617 No suggestion was made to the appellant in the course of cross-examination that the above body of evidence emerged in cross-examination was not the case and had let go unchallenged as far as the respondent
\rquote s case is concerned. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975\charrsid5205617 The most glaring matter I gleaned from the above }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10945992\charrsid5205617 
body of evidence emerged in the cross-examination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975\charrsid5205617 is that there is an admission by the respondent that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13399966\charrsid5205617  he cohabited with the appellant in the Nadi property. This admission cuts across the respondent\rquote s evidence given under oath th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1130234\charrsid5205617 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid5205617 t a de-facto relationship never existed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10945992\charrsid5205617  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13113711\charrsid5205617 The Resident Magistrate should have rejected his evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129\charrsid5205617 , i.e, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129\charrsid5205617 a de facto relationship never existed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129\charrsid5205617 
as untrue, because the stance he has taken when he was in the witness box is an afterthought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129\charrsid5205617 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129\charrsid5205617  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15403134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15403134 (13)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 It should be firm
ly stated that if a witness is not cross-examined in relation to a particular matter upon which he has given evidence, then that circumstance would often be a very good reason for accepting the evidence of that witness upon that matter. For example, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3491540 Cross on Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\ul\super\insrsid3491540 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731  Australian ed, 1979}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3491540   the authors state (at para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 graph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3491540  10.50);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862975 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3491540 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 
Any matter upon which it is proposed to contradict the evidence in chief given by the witness must normally be put to him so that he may have an opportunity of explaining the contradiction, a failure 
to do so this may be held to imply acceptance of the evidence in chief.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491540 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 See; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 Phipson on Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid9715720 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731  12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15926731  ed, 1976 at para 1593}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3491540 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15403134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15403134 (14)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 The established practice is stated briefly by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9715720\charrsid9638325 Odgers, Pleading and Practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5205617\charrsid5205617 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7830543 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\super\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731  e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid15926731\charrsid15926731 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid5205617\charrsid15926731 , (1912), page 312}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205617\charrsid5205617 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9715720  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9715720 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7830543 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497558 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11623270 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9715720 Cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9715720 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862975 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
\'93This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15403134 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 uch counsel is bound to do, when cross-examining: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9715720 
he must put to each of his opponent\rquote s witnesses, in turn, so much of his own case as concerns that particular witness or in which that witness had any share.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
  Thus, if the plaintiff has deposed to a conversation with the defendant, it is the duty of the counsel for the defendant to indicate by his cross-examination how much of the plaintiff\rquote 
s version of the conversation he accepts, and how much he disputes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9715720 and to suggest what the defendant\rquote s version will be.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9715720   If he asks no question as to it, he will be taken to accept the plaintiff\rquote s account in its entirety.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab [Emphasis added]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15926731 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (15)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 respondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 Counsel proposes to submit that the evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 on t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 he above pieces of evidence should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544  not be accepted, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 should be allowed an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 opportunity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 
 to deal with the suggestion. The significance in that suggestion is that (A) It gives }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 the opportunity to de}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 ny the suggestion on oath. (B) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 It gives the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13113711 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 the opportunity to call corroborative evidence which in the absence of such a suggestion is unlikely to have b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1788498 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 en called.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15926731  There was no suggestion made to her that the above mentioned body of evidence emerged in cross-examination was not the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11623270 case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9715720 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (16)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 The evidence adduced by the respondent should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525926 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid525926\charrsid7830543 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525926\charrsid15159512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525926\charrsid15159512 (1894) 6 The Reports 67 (H.L.)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 .  The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
 applies in both civil and criminal proceedings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614  is a ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 for the exclusion of evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
The court does have the power to reject relevant and otherwise admissible contradictory evidence on the ground that it should have been, but was not, put to a witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (17)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 The Learned Magistrate erred in law in failing to apply the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614   The inclusion of the contradictory evidence of the respondent, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.  The rule in }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614  was neither considered n
or applied.  Fairness ordinarily requires that if a challenge is to be made to the evidence of a witness, the ground of the challenge be put to the witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (18)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 The Learned Magistrate did have the power to refuse to admit the evidence of the respondent that was not put to appellant in accordance with the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 .  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Schneidas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525926 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252  (1981) 4A Crim-R 101}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
the rule was applied even in circumstances where the accused was a lay person conducting his own defence. Schneidas was discussed by Hunt J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 A
llied Pastoral Holdings Pty Limited v FCT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525926 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252  (1983) 1 NSWLR 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 without dissent. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Regina v Body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525926 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525926\charrsid13007252  Unreported, NSWCCA, 28.08.1994}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Gleeson CJ, Carruthers and Bruce JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 , followed the decision in Schneidas.  The court upheld the decision of the trial Judge that evidence sought to be adduced by the accused shoul
d be rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the crown by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid525926 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525926 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2063727 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (19)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525926\charrsid8211614 In my opinion, the Learned Magistrate erred in law and the admission of the respondent\rquote s evidence, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862975 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6374544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (20)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 The appellant was cross-examined about the evidence concerning the monies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 sent to her by the respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 The transcript of the appellant\rquote s evidence given under cross-examination contains this; (Reference is made to page 17, of
 the transcript of hearing).
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab We will bring evidence for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3214168 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  himself that these monies were actually send to you for maintenance and repairs of the house and not because of that \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ik}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 a\rquote 
 so I am putting it to you that these monies were not send to you following the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ik}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 a it was send for the upkeep of the house?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab That money was for my expense and also for the household expense; the house maintenance was done through the money which I received from rent income.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab 
Then how do you explain these on the first page; the first 3 payments which was before what you are claiming was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ik}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
a?  How do you explain those monies?  Page 1 how do you explain those monies?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab These was given to me for my expenses.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab 
What about the house repairs?  These monies were not send to give color to the de-facto relationship; 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  Sept 2011.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Court:\tab 
Exhibit 2 shown to the witness [page 3 of the court record]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 \tab \tab Showing page [1] of exhibit 2

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab We put it to you the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 se first 3 if you say N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha took place on 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  December 2011; these dates 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  September 2011; 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  November 2011; and 12 December 2011; these were all before the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha dates do you understand?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab No answer.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab So our question is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid4865129 these monies were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  send for the upkeep of the house yes or no?
\par A:\tab When I went to house there was no water and electricity in that house so he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid4865129 sends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
 me $1000 to do all that?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab Yes it was not because of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha it cannot be understand?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid4865129 sends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  me those monies to go and apply for the water and electricity and to stay.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab Yes but for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha; because your evidence is before the4 court he kept sending monies because of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha and upkeep of the house?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab When the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 ikha was done he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid4865129 uses}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129  to send me $200 every month.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab Yes but it\rquote s not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3372437\charrsid4865129 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11809160 ikh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 a yes?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3349413 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3349413\charrsid4865129 A:\tab 
Apart from him no one else send me the money he was the only one who send me this monies. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3372437 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2063727 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2063727 (21)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid4865129 And further down at page 21;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862975 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3372437 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid4865129 Q:\tab 
The financial arrangement was not for you but for the upkeep of the house?\tab Yes or no?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 A:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid4865129 At 
the very first time he gave money for the electricity and water to put it in the house and then later he use to give money for my expenses and to provide things for the house.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13654837 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13654837 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 22}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 )\tab As can be seen, she maintains that the respondent provided her a significant financial support and there is no evidence that she received a benefit or other income between 2012 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 and July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 2016, apart from the money she received from the respondent. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 
he onus is upon the respondent, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 f he can, to satisfy the court on the balance of 
probability that the monies were sent only for the maintenance costs of the residential property.  No single document has been produced by the respondent to show that the monies were sent for maintenance cost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 s of the residential property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 There is nothing to suggest that such money had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 sent or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 spent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182  on maintenance of the house owned by the respondent.  In his evidence, the respondent never spoke of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 maintenance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 work which was done }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10316598 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 
 the house. What was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 maintenance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 work carried on the respondent\rquote s house? This was not put into evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654837 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3286182\charrsid4865129 
It was the evidence of the respondent given under oath that he did not provide accommodation to the appellant and she was the caretaker of his residential property at Nadi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 
  As I said, the onus is upon the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 f he can, to satisfy the court that the appellant was the caretaker of his residential property between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9130615 periods}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3286182  2012 to 2016.  No single document has been produced to court by the respondent to show that he paid wages to the appellant.  The 
truth is that the respondent failed to show that the appellant was the caretaker of his residential property at Nadi during the period between 2012 and 2016.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3286182\charrsid4865129 
Besides, there was no suggestion made to the appellant in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 the course of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3286182\charrsid4865129 cross-examination 
that she was the caretaker of the property in Nadi during the period 2012 and 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 
.  By itself, it does prove that Counsel for the respondent in the lower court did not have any reasonable grounds to suspect the evidence of the appellant lady concerning her accommodation at the respondent\rquote 
s premises in Nadi. In other words, the absen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 ce of any grounds for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 suspicion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3286182  has been provided by counsel for the respondent in the lower court.  It must be accorded w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 eight.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3286182 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13969815 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13969815 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13969815 stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid921529 above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13969815 if a witness is not cross
-examined in relation to a particular matter upon which he has given evidence, then that circumstance would often be a good reason for accepting the evidence of that witness upon that matter,  See;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13969815 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3946111 \tab 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3946111\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 Cross on Evidence, (2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529  Australian Edition, 1979] at paragraph 10.50.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3946111\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3946111\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 Phipson on Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid605647\charrsid921529 , (12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid605647\charrsid921529 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid605647\charrsid921529 
 Edition) at paragraph 1593.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3946111\charrsid921529 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13654837 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13654837\charrsid921529 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966987 26}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 The evidence adduced by the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 , i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7830543 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7830543 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2693969 
 the appellant was the caretaker of his residential property,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8211614 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid7954842 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9715720\charrsid15159512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid15159512 (1894) 6 The Reports 67 (H.L.)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7830543 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7830543 As stated above, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 he rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
 applies in both civil and criminal proceedings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  is a ground for the
 exclusion of evidence.  The court does have the power to reject relevant and otherwise admissible contradictory evidence on the ground that it should have been, but was not, put to a witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 27}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 The Learned Magistrate erred in law in failing to apply the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
  The inclusion of the contradictory evidence of the respondent, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.  The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  was neither considered n
or applied.  Fairness ordinarily requires that if a challenge is to be made to the evidence of a witness, the ground of the challenge be put to the witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 28}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid921529 At the costs of some repetition, I state that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
he Learned Magistrate did have the power to refuse to admit the evidence of the respondent that was not put to appellant in accordance with the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid921529 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Schneidas}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8211614 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252  (1981) 4A Crim-R 101}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
the rule was applied even in circumstances where the accused was a lay person conducting his own defence. Schneidas was discussed by Hunt J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
Allied Pastoral Holdings Pty Limited v FCT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8211614 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252  (1983) 1 NSWLR 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 without dissent. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Regina v Body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8211614 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9715720\charrsid13007252  (Unreported, NSWCCA, 28.08.1994)}}
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Gleeson CJ, Carruthers and Bruce JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 , followed the decision in Schneidas.  The court upheld the decision of the trial Judge that evide
nce sought to be adduced by the accused should be rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the crown by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8211614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614\charrsid8211614 
In my opinion, the Learned Magistrate erred in law and the admission of the respondent\rquote s evidence, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13654837 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605647 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid605647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8211614  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 29}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605647 )\tab Concerning the duration of the de-facto relationship, the Resident Magistrate should have fixed the time span as commencing in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4614931 
January}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605647  201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4614931 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605647  and terminating in July 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605647 .  The absence of 
finding by the Resident Magistrate concerning the duration of the de-facto relationship is detrimental to the appellant and therefore is fatal.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7629907\charrsid7629907 (b)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7629907\charrsid471060 The nature and extent of common residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907\charrsid7629907 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907\charrsid7629907 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 It was the un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 challenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907  evidence of the appellant that du
ring the period between 2012 and 2016, the respondent visited and stayed in the property at Nadi three times for short periods, not m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 ore than three days at a time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 He cohabited with the appellant in the Nadi p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 roperty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 There is evidence t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 hat sexual relations occurred. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 
She cooked for him and washed his clothes. She said that he cannot live with her in Fiji because of his business related activities in New Zealand.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 )\tab The extent of the common residence over a period of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 three }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 ) years was not great.  But when it occurred it presente}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4865129 d in the nature of the de-facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907  couple sharing accommodation, sexual activity and social engagements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4614931   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639214 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10639214 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4614931 There are many examples }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2246503 in the common }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 
law of parties residing in different residences, or with different families, but nevertheless there was cohabitation so long as the parties retained the intention of cohabiting whenever possible so that their \'93consortium\'94
 was regarded as continuous (see for example }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 Huxtable v Huxtable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041\charrsid15432041  (1899) 68 LJ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 P 83 (DC) per Jeune P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16389522  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 at p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16389522 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041  85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16389522 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid605647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15432041\charrsid15432041 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10968183 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 
What is or is not cohabitation is not a simple question.  Cohabitation may be of two sorts, one continuous, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660445 and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 
 other intermittent. The parties may reside together constantly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13136664  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 
or there may be only occasional intercourse between them, which may, nevertheless, amount to cohabitation in the legal sense of the term.  Such cohabitation may indeed exist together with an agreement to live apart.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2915543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2915543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2915543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2915543 Couples may cohabit from time to time w
here, for example, one party has to spend long periods away from home for reasons of occupation, or is a member of the Armed Forces, or a merchant seafarer or otherwise, but intermittent cohabitation of that kind amounted to consortium and even }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 in more limited circumstances. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2915543 
Once a relationship (de facto or marriage or civil union) commences then where a physical separation thereafter occurs on a voluntary basis the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7164683 
 has to closely examine how that originally came about and what a party\rquote s attitude to t
he relationship then was and whether the Court is satisfied that then or at some time later the parties or one party ceased to recognize the existence of the relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7164683\charrsid13136664 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\super\insrsid7164683\charrsid13136664 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7164683\charrsid13136664  Scragg
 v Scott 2006 NZFLR 1276 at page 1088 and 1089}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3674006 , Gendall, Ellen and France JJ}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7164683 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2915543 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid605647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15432041 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 )\tab The Resident Magistrate said;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7629907 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7629907 (15)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7629907\charrsid4865129 In my opinion this short stay cannot be considered as common residence, as this can be a visit to his house where the applicant is looking after the house; as claimed by the respondent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857070 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4857070 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid353939 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid353939 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid353939 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 The Resident Magistrate err}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 ed in the assessment of facts. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 
His Worship was wrong in accepting the respondent\rquote s evidence in this regard.  No cogent reason appears why his Worship accepted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 responden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3765164\charrsid4865129 t\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129  evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid353939 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid353939 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 I said in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13136664 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13136664  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13136664 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 
above, the respondent\rquote s claim that the appellant is the caretaker of his residential premises should not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 accorded weight. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 The evidence concerning sexual intimacy, shared activities and attendance at family friends provides a telling insight into the respondent\rquote s approach to his re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 lationship with the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 In cross-examination, the appellant gave emphatic evidence to the effect that she considered the house was to be a ho}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786 me for her and the respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 
The relationship continued notwithstanding that the parties were apart. The Resident Magistrate was wrong in finding that the appellant was the caretaker of the respondent\rquote s residential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5138383\charrsid4865129  premises at Nadi. The Resident Magistrate failed to take into account the matters I set out in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16726273 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16726273  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16726273 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16726273  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5138383\charrsid4865129 
above. They have been overlooked by the Magistrate in the credibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860  assessment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16257338\charrsid4865129 The true nature and 
characteristic of a de-facto relationship remains the fact that a common residence is not shared at times,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420385\charrsid4865129  does not break the period }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14165194\charrsid4865129 of qualifying de-facto relationship.  The Resident Magistrate\rquote s conclusion concerning the \'93nature and extent of common residence\'94 seems to be based upon the contention that the extent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10386509\charrsid4865129 common residence, in the sense of physically living together, was the pre-requisite to a de-facto relationship and therefore, when not sharing the same accommodation the parties were not \'93
living }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1473307\charrsid4865129 together\'94 for the purpose of Section 154 (A) of the Family Law Act, 2003. I do not accept that contention due }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16543773\charrsid4865129 to the reasons I have set out in paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16726273 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16726273  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16543773\charrsid4865129 above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4857070\charrsid4865129 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16543773\charrsid4865129 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12532177 (c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 
Whether or not a sexual relationship exists}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid4865129 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid3765164 Following an evaluation of the evidence of the appellant and the respondent his Worship concluded that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid3765164 were}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid3765164  no sexual relations between the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5338330\charrsid3765164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid3765164 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid3765164 )\tab In paragraph (16) and (17) of the decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid3765164  the Resident Magistrate said;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8854322 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7089066\charrsid4865129 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid4865129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8854322 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid4865129 (16)\tab The only avai
lable evidence and practically possible is the evidence of the parties in this regard.  Applicant claims that they had sexual intercourse on the day they had \'93Nikhar\'94, the following day and on respondent\rquote 
s visit to Fiji on second time whereas respondent even denies staying with the applicant in the same hotel.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid8854322 (17)\tab 
Applicant produced an invoice of the hotel but same was objected by the respondent as the invoice has not been issued to applicant.  Same was later marked while respondent gave his evidence.  It
 is to be observed that name of the applicant is not on the invoice and no other confirmation that she was with the respondent.  Had that been established I would have safely assumed that the probability is high for a sexual relationship in its narrowest 
meaning.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4857070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089066 )\tab 
In reaching the essential conclusion did the Magistrate adequately evaluate the essence of the personal relationship between the parties? In my view, the Magistrate fell into the trap of reasoning. I venture to say that acceptance of the respondent
\rquote s evidence did not conclude the matter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494741 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494741 ) \tab The respondent denied accompanying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid921529  the appellant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1646013  the hotel. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid921529 On the other hand, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6494741 he appellant says that the respondent took her to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1646013 the hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494741 
and spent two days in the hotel and cohabited in a sexual relationship before returning to New Zealand. The Magistrate erred. His Worship failed to accord proper weight to the factual evidence of the sister of the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 lends credence to the appellant\rquote s version that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11234290 respondent spent two days at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1646013 the hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11234290 with the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494741 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11234290 
\par \tab The transcript of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1646013 appellant\rquote s sisters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11234290 
evidence in chief contains this; (Reference is made to page 29 of the transcript of hearing).
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11234290\charrsid3765164 Q:\tab What happened after the Nikah ceremony?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11234290 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11234290\charrsid3765164 A:\tab 
We all had food over there; the visitors who came they had food and all that was done then my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3765164\charrsid3765164 sister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11234290\charrsid3765164 and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3765164\charrsid3765164 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11234290\charrsid3765164 
 partner they went from there; and the very next day they went }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11796591\charrsid3765164 to one room }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12920120\charrsid3765164 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12920120 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1646013  hotel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11796591\charrsid3765164 
, and then on that day they picked us and we went to Denarau; and whilst returning back we had lunch at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1646013 restaurant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11796591\charrsid3765164 and then after that we went back to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1646013  the hotel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11796591\charrsid3765164 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11234290\charrsid3765164 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid605647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7629907\charrsid3765164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11796591 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11796591 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031775 
The appellant\rquote s sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11796591  was not cross-examined on this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347 . S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 ee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325  paragraph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 6(ii) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14354347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14354347  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11796591 . This piece of evidence sheds light on the appellant\rquote 
s evidence.  This is the most telling piece of evidence.  Hence, it is safer to infer that the appellant and the respondent cohabited in a sexual relationship in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031775 another hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11796591 before returning to New Zealand.  The Magistrate overlooked this piece of evidence and therefore his assessment of credibility was flawed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid353939 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 )\tab Furthermore, it is the evidence of the appellant that during the period between 2012- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 2016 the respondent visited her thrice at the 
residential property owned by the respondent at Nadi and each time he stayed with her in the property for about three days.  She said during his stay, she cooked for him, washed his clothes and also had sexual relations with him.  This he accepted when th
e appellant was giving evidence under cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354347  (See paragraph 10 to 18).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 
 The following exchange took place between the appellant and counsel for the respondent when the appellant was giving evidence under cross-examination; (Reference is made to page 15 of the transcript of hearing).
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9772390\charrsid9638325 Q:\tab How many times he came to Fiji?
\par \tab \tab A:\tab 3 times and there was a case against him; when the case was dealt with 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9772390 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9772390\charrsid9638325 then after the case he came again.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9772390 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9772390\charrsid9638325 
\par \tab \tab Q:\tab Did you ever stay with him together for one week; 7 straight days?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9772390 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9772390\charrsid9638325 A:\tab No Sir, he only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12914786\charrsid9638325 uses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9772390\charrsid9638325  to come for 02 days to Fiji.
\par 
\par Q:\tab So, you stayed with him together for two days, correct?
\par A:\tab Yes Sir.
\par 
\par Q:\tab Apart from sex what else did you do?
\par A:\tab I use to cook food for him.  I use to wash his clothes.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9772390 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739 41}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 )\tab No suggestion was 
made to the appellant in cross-examination that this was not the case and had been let go unchallenged so far as the evidence concerning sexual relations are concerned.  By itself, it does prove that counsel for the respondent in the lower court did not h
ave reasonable grounds to suspect the evidence of the appellant in relation to her sexual relations with the respondent. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390 
 other words, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 absenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860  of any grounds for suspicion}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9772390  been provided by the respondent.  It must be accorded weight.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1739 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7934517 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1739 \tab This piece of evidence was either overlooked, or given inadequate weight, in the course of credibility assessment and therefore it is flawed.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4270363 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4476538 The degree of financial dependence or interdependence and arrangements for financial support between the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 )\tab In paragraph (18), (19) and (20) of the decision, the Resident Magistrate said;
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8854322 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 (18)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 \tab 
There is no interdependence of parties in this matter.  Applicant marked some money transferred receipts by the respondent and claimed that they were for her maintenance.  She also said that respondent had let her receive the rent from one of his flats.

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 (19)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 \tab 
During the cross examination it was revealed that some receipts she marked are dated even before their first meet.  Respondent claimed that money is not as maintenanc
e but to look after his house.  Court also noted that payments are not regular in time wise or amount wise, thus hard to accept as maintenance.  There is no clear clarification by applicant as to how she received money from respondent even before she has 
been introduced to the respondent.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 (20)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854322\charrsid3765164 \tab 
In the given circumstances it is much probable that money could have sent for maintaining and looking after the house.  Thus I am not satisfied that there was a financial support or any such arrangement existed in a capacity of a de facto relationship.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9772390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4476538\charrsid3765164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 \tab 
It was the evidence of the appellant that when she moved into the apartment owned by the respondent there was no electricity and water and the respondent sent her $1,000.00 to apply for electric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 
ity and water. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 She further deposed that the respondent used to send her monthly $200.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860  for her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6316972  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 living }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 
expenses. It was the evidence of the appellant that the respondent used to send her things including undergarments and he financially supported her from 2012 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 2016 while she was living in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739  respondent\rquote s apartment at Nadi, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739 ee para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 graphs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4136739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940  above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4476538 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6316972 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920843 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 )\tab Therefore, it is difficult to believe that the respondent sent money for the maintenance costs of the house.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920843 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 )\tab His Worship made a mistake when his Worship said he was satisfied with the respondent\rquote 
s evidence that he sent money only for the maintenance costs of the house.  His decision sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 uld be altered in this regard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 
The appellant is more readily to be believed as to the pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 rpose of sending money to her. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316972 
The Magistrate misconstrued the evidence regarding financial support.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 
  Leaving all that aside, however there was no evidence that the appellant received a benefit or other income between 2012 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 
2016, apart from being financially supported by the responden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 t. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 
She lived rent free with the respondent paying rates, insurance and other recurring outgoings on the home over a period of 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 
 years.  Hence, there was financial support for the appellant made by the respondent.  The Magistrate overlooked this matter and his findings of fact and conclusion concerning the financial dependence was flawed.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8607114 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7019395 The ownership, use and acquisition of property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019395 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 \tab This was not a feature in this case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3891132 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8607114 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7765000 The Degree of Mutual Commitment to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3765164 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7765000 hared Life}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1862975 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1862975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920843 46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 )\tab The word \'93mutual\rquote  involves a commitment on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 
part of both parties and that is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765000  to a \'93shared life\'94.  This paragraph also refers to \'93the degree\'94
 of such mutual commitment.  It may be high, moderate or law.  But of course it should exist.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920843 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765000 )\tab In paragraph (23) and (24) of the decision, the Magistrate said;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4805337 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3429748 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid5584209 (23)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 
As I have already stated they have not lived together more than 6 days at a raw.  Therefore evidence regar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 ding a shared life is limited. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 
Only relevant evidence of applicant lady trying for a shared life is her attempt to migrate to New Zealand.  She stated that respondent did not provide with the necessary documents.  However during the cross examination it was revealed the reason for reje
ctio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3429748 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 of her visa has nothing to do with the respondent.  After all there is no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3429748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 evidence that respondent was willing to sponsor her; it\rquote s all what she thought of it.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 (24)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164 \tab The care and support of children is not applicable in this c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3765164 ase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3429748\charrsid3765164  and the performance o
f household duties is similar to what I have already discussed the ownership use and acquisition of property as they have not lived more than 6 days in the house and that also hasn\rquote t been proved as husband and wife.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13900132 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 )\tab It was the evidence of the sister 
of the appellant that she reg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 arded the parties as a couple. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 This was never challenged by way of cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 . I say, by the absence of cross-examination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 upon evidence how the couple in a particular relationship project themselves to the outside world,
 the respondent does admit that the eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 ce of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031775 appellant\rquote s sister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 is true. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 
Then what is there for the Magistrate to say it is unsafe to consider the evidence of family members and insist on the evidence of third parties.  I venture to say that the evidenc
e of third parties as to the appearance of the parties as a couple is of marginal assistance because appearances can be deceptive.  Of course, I do not deny for a moment that how a couple in a particular relationship project themselves to the outside worl
d may assist in revealing how they view their relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342366 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 )\tab 
There is evidence from members of the appellant family regarding the appellant and the respondent as a couple. This is a relevant piece of evidence as to the reputation or public aspects of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9638325 
parties\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245  relationship.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13922245 )\tab I am deposed to interfere with his Wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 rship\rquote 
s findings concerning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860  the degree of mutual commitment to shared life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9646940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14903860 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 \tab So in the end, I am driven to conclude that counsel for the appellant is right. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077 grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8607114 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1337077  succeed. The appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391  should be allowed.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5984391 ORDERS:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 
\par 
\par 1.\tab The appeal is allowed.
\par 
\par 2.\tab The decision of the Resident Magistrate dated 26-03-2020 is set aside.
\par 
\par 3.\tab I conclude that the parties lived in a de-facto relationship within the definition of Section 154(A) of the Family Law Act, No. 18 of 2003 since }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13900132 January}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 , 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13900132 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391  to July 2016.
\par 
\par 4.\tab The case record is remitted back to the Magistrates Court for trial on the issue of property distribution.
\par 
\par 5.\tab The trial on the issue of property distribution should be concluded within three (03) months from the date of the judgment.
\par 
\par 6.\tab There will be no order as to costs.
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11428374 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10638738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10638738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10638738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5984391 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5984391\charrsid5984391 Jude Nanayakkara
\par [Judge]
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049841 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10638738 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2565995 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5984391\charrsid5984391 High Court \endash  Lautoka,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 Wednes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5984391\charrsid5984391 day, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9646940 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5984391\charrsid5984391 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5984391\charrsid5984391  February, 2021
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