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\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13774790 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1141862\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\ltrrow\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-813\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8868 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 IN THE FAMILY DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953  APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par AT LAUTOKA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-813\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8868 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-528\trleft-108
\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 CASE NUMBER:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa660\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\pararsid4542091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 
06 OF 2017\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-528\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-577\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 BETWEEN:\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 SADHNA\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-577\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-465\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 AND:\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 SAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 ISH\cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-465\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh802\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 Appearances:\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 Ms. Jowen Singh for the appellant
\par 
\par Mr. Tevita Kaloulasulasu for the respondent
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh802\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-728\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid14122159 Date/Place of judgment:\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 Tuesday, 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122  August, 2020 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 at Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-728\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-559\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 Judgment of:\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 The Hon. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16599953 Jude Nanayakkara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid603122 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-559\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1314\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 Category:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 
All identifying information in this judgment have been anonymized or removed and pseudonyms have been used for all persons referred to. Any similarities to any persons is purely coincidental.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1314\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-719\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953\charrsid12333765 Anonymized Case Citation:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599953 
SADHNA V. SARISH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599953\charrsid2127105  - Fiji Family High Court Appeal Case\line Number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599953  06 of 2017}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599953\charrsid2127105 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16599953 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-719\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3150 \cellx3042\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5718 \cellx8760\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow9\irowband9\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-597\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8868 \cellx8760\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posxc\posy1455\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4542091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\insrsid16599953\charrsid7948498 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16599953 
\trowd \irow9\irowband9\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-597\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \tpvpg\tphmrg\tposxc\tposy1455\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8868\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4542091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8868 \cellx8760\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3546656 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3151201 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530773 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14230480 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3151201 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 [A]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14230480\charrsid11213952 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10511567 ntroductio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16584633 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3546656\charrsid14230480 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3546656\charrsid11888587 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 (01)\tab This is an appeal from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1008448 decision of the L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 earned Magistrate at Lautoka, delivered on 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid3546656\charrsid3546656 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656  November 2016. In its decision, the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561941 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656  Court made }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1008448 a finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656  that the appellant and the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 did }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923  live}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 
 in a de facto relationship within the definition of Section 154(A) of the Family Law Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561941 No. 18 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 2003 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656  dismissed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 appellant\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3546656  application for de facto property settlement. 
\par 
\par (02)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8611016 The essence of the matter before the lower court stemmed from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 an application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid418327 filed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 appellant-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 applicant seeking property distribution. Initially the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 appellant-a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 pplicant filed a Form 9 application on the 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid418327\charrsid418327 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327  October 2014 seeking 50% share of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9523505 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327  Beauty Salon, 50% of a property situated at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530773 Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 and 50% of a vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12534353 X}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid418327 . The Respondent filed his response on the 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid418327\charrsid418327 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 
 November 2014 seeking dismissal of the application of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 appellant-a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 pplicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3546656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 
\par (03)\tab Later on the 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid418327\charrsid418327 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327  December 2015 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 
appellant-a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 pplicant filed an amended Form 9 application seeking 100% share in the Beauty Salon, half share of the property situated at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3151201 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 Lautoka, 100% share from vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555570 X}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327  and 100% share of the proceeds of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9523505 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327  Beauty Salon from the year 2011 to 2015.
\par 
\par (04)\tab The Respondent filed his response on the 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid418327\charrsid418327 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid418327 
 February 2016 seeking that the amended Application be struck out.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8408131 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8408131\charrsid8408131 
\par (05)\tab The case was taken up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8408131  for hearing on the 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid8408131\charrsid8408131 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8408131  April 2016. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 appellant-a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8408131 pplicant and the Respondent gave evidence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8408131\charrsid16610188 no other witnesses were called by either of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434\charrsid206200 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6257434\charrsid11213952 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10774562\charrsid11213952 Magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10774562 \rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10774562\charrsid11213952 findings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6257434\charrsid11213952 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid9183339 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 \tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4290560 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 earned Magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 \rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 findings as to whether or not the appellant and the respondent were in a de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9183339 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 facto relatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4290560 nship are set out at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13067053 paragraph (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 23) and (24) of the reasons, where His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5734369 Worship said;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257434 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10511567 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434\charrsid10511567 (23) \tab 
I did not see any of the factors set out in Section 154A were established in this case to decide that the Applicant was in a de-facto relationship. The Applicant wa
s represented by the Legal Aid and it is very clear that the Applicant may have had sufficient legal advice regarding the matters that need to be proved in this case. For reasons best known to the Applicant no independent witnesses or other evidence were 
produced to corroborate her testimony. Further she gave evidence in a very vague manner especially in respect of the time periods and dates.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13067053\charrsid10511567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid10511567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10511567 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434\charrsid10511567 (24)\tab 
I am not satisfied that the Applicant was successful in passing the threshold set out in Section 154A of the Family Law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15689674\charrsid10511567 amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434\charrsid10511567  Decree to establish being in a de-facto relationship, for the Applicant to qualify to claim for property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15689674\charrsid10511567 distribution}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257434\charrsid10511567 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962\charrsid10511567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid206200\charrsid10318962 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par [C]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9183339 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9183339\charrsid11213952 The Legislation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9183339 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10318962\charrsid10318962 The Court relied on s.154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8280489  and s.154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13849858 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10318962\charrsid10318962  of the FLA. These sections read:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962\charrsid10318962 s.154 \endash  \'93de facto relationship means\'94
 the relationship between a man and a woman who live with each other as spouses on a genuine domestic basis although not legally married to each other;\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1141862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 \'93party to marriage\'94 includes a party to a de-facto relationship;\'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13849858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8419820 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 s. 154A \endash  \'93
In determining whether two persons are in a de facto relationship, all the circumstances of the relationship are to be taken into account, including but not limited to the following as may be relevant in a particular case \endash  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 (a) the duration of the relationship;
\par (b) the nature and exten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8419820 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962  of common residence;
\par (c)  whether or not sexual relationship exists;
\par (d) the degree of financial dependence or interdependence and arrangements for 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid206200 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962      financial support between the parties;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 (e) the ownership, use and acquisition of property;
\par (f) the degree of mutual commitment to shared life;
\par (g) the care and support of children, if any;
\par (h) the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6494602 performance of household duties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10318962 ; and 
\par (i) the reputation and public aspects of the relationship\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13849858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8279004 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid206200 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid206200 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12666032\charrsid11213952 Grounds of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12666032 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid6494602 The appellant relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494602\charrsid6494602 three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid6494602 (03) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid6494602 rounds of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid6494602 ppeal as follows:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid11213952 Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12666032\charrsid11213952 - (01)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid10511567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567 That the Lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7733434\charrsid10511567 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567 
ned Magistrate erred in law and in fact when stating that the factors set out in Section 154(A) were not satisfied when the evidence clearly were adduced on these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15606217\charrsid10511567 factors}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid11213952 Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12666032\charrsid11213952 - (02)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12666032 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567 That the Lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7733434\charrsid10511567 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567 ned Magistrate erred in law and in fact when failing to put much emphasis that was adduced as evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12666032\charrsid10511567  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid11213952 Ground \endash  (03)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid10511567 That the Learned Magistrate erred in law a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10645989 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid10511567  in fact, he stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7733434\charrsid10511567 that t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid10511567 here is a higher expected decree to be satisfied in a de-facto relationship when the evidence should be based on the balance of probabilities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid206200\charrsid10511567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11888477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid5598798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid207129 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid11213952 Legal Principles \endash  Appellate considerations 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10511567 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511567 (01)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid7896109 Williams v Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid3753923\charrsid7896109  of Aboriginal Land Rights Act , 1983}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf18\insrsid5598798\charrsid7896109  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid7896109 and The State of New South}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid7896109  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5598798\charrsid7896109 Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5598798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16016252\charrsid10974009 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16016252\charrsid4662759 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798 Heydon JA (Spigelman CJ & Sheller JA agreeing) said, in relation to challenges of that kind, that an appeal court:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200 \'85\'85is in the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200  as that ascribed to the Full Federal Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 Minist}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid11737099\charrsid206200 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200  for Immigration, Local  Government and Ethnic Affairs v Hamsher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200 [1992] FCA 184; (1992) 35 FCR 359 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200 
at 369 per Beaumont and Lee JJ:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2520\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 \lquote \'85..the court is not obliged to proceed to make new findings of fact on all relevant issues and discharge the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3871740\charrsid206200 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  appealed from if those findings differ from those of the trial judge and do not support the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3871740\charrsid206200 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 . The court must be satisfied that the judgment of the trial judge is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3871740\charrsid206200 erroneous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  and it may be so satisfied if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3871740\charrsid206200 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 reaches the conclusion that the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  failed to draw inferences that should have been drawn from the facts established by the evidence. The court is unlikely to be satisfied if all that is shown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 s that the trial judge made a choice between competing inferences, being a choice the court may not have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 inclined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  to make but not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 choice}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  the tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 ia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 
l judge should not have made. Where the majority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 Warren v Coombes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200  [(1979)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 
 [1979]HCA 9; 142 CLR 531] (at 552-553) states that an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 appellate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 
 court must not shrink from giving effect to its own conclusion, it is speaking of a conclusion that the decision of the trial judge is wrong and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200  that it should be corrected. (}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 Edwards v Noble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200  [1971] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 HCA 54; (197}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid7016790\charrsid206200 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 ) 125 CLR 296}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293\charrsid206200 , per Barwick CJ (at 304), per Menzies J (at 308-309) and per Walsh J (at 318-319).)\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2181293 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid206200\charrsid206200 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10511567 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511567 (02)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2181293 Heydon JA\rquote s observation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2181293  have been cited with approval in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid2181293\charrsid7896109 Adler v Australian Securi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10823118\charrsid7896109 ties and Investments Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\fs24\ul\super\insrsid16016252\charrsid7896109 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid16016252\charrsid7620725 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2181293\charrsid7896109 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10511567\charrsid7896109  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2181293\charrsid7896109 Dolber v Halverson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\fs24\super\insrsid1077196\charrsid13728071 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid1077196\charrsid7620725 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8721704 ; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid8721704\charrsid7896109 Leeder v The State of Western Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid8721704\charrsid7016790  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\fs24\super\insrsid16016252\charrsid13728071 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid16016252\charrsid7620725 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid13632424 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2181293 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12061004 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12061004 (03)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7016790 Those principles are to be applied in this case in the context of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 Resident Magistrat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4214060 e\rquote s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7016790  determination that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4214060 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7016790  and the respondent were not in a 
\lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7016790 \rquote  relationship for the purposes of the Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12061004 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12061004 (04)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118 The nature of the decision under challenge is relevant to the court\rquote s approach to the assessment of error by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3753923  Resident Magistrate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10823118 The following observation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14960372 of Al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10823118 lsop J ( as his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3753923 Lordship }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10823118 then was) in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10823118\charrsid7896109 Branir Pty Ltd v Owston Nominees (N}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid14960372\charrsid7896109 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10823118\charrsid7896109  2) P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid14960372\charrsid7896109 ty}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10823118\charrsid7896109  Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid553680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\i\fs24\super\insrsid4662759 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4662759\charrsid4662759 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10823118  (Drummond and Mansfield JJ agreeing) are relevant to a consideration of the appellate court\rquote s task in a case such as the present}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662759 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10823118 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12061004 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12061004 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4662759 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 
What is error in any given case depends, of course, not only on the evidence, but also on the nature of the findings or conclusions made by the primary judge. The demonstration of error may not be straight \endash 
forward where findings or conclusions involve elements of fact, degree, opinion or judgment\'85\'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid4662759 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 This is not to elevate ordinary factual findings to the protected position of those based on credit, but it is to make clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759  first, the advantages of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 trial judge and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 , secondly, the need for demonstration of erro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 . The inability to identify error may arise in part from the unwillingness of the appeal court to be persuaded that it is in a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 good a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759  position as the t
rial judge to deal with the issues, because of the kinds of considerations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759  to i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 n [24] above. Or, it may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 that the nature of the issue is one such that (though not a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 there}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10823118\charrsid4662759  cannot be said to be truly one correct answer. In such cases the availability of a different view, indeed even perhaps the preference of the appeal court for a different view}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759  may not be alone sufficient; see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 Zuvela v C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 smarnan Concrete Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 [1996] HCA 30;(1996) 71 ALJR 29 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 at 30-31; [1996] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 HCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 30; 140 ALR 227 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 
at 229-230. In circumstances }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 where, by the nature of the fact or conclusion, only one view is (at least legally) possible (for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 example, the proper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 construction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 
 of a statute or a clause in a document, where, although, as often said, minds might differ about such matters of construction, there can be but one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 
correct meaning: see generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 Enfield City Corporation v Development Assessment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 
Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 00] HCA 5; (2000) 199 CLR 135,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 
 151-156) the preference of the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15039589  court for one view would carry with it the conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15039589 of error.  However, other findings and conclusions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12934071\charrsid4662759 may be far more easily open to legitimate differences of opinion}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 eg valuation questions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 see Fenton }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2305810\charrsid4662759 Nominees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759  Pty Ltd v Valuer-General}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 (1981) 27 SASR 258}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 , 259-263; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 47 LGRA 71 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid4662759 at 73-76.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4662759\charrsid4662759 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid4662759 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2520266\charrsid206200 \'85\'85.in that process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 of considering the facts for itself and giving weight to the views }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8520768\charrsid206200 of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200  and advantages held by, the trial judge, if a choice arises between conclusions equally open and finely balanced and where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9711546\charrsid206200 there}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200  is, or can be, no preponderance of view, the conclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 error is not necessarily arrived at merely because of a preference of view of the appeal court for some fact or facts contrary to the view reached by the trial judge.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4662759 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 The degree of tolerance for any such divergence in any particular 
case will often be a product of the perceived advantage enjoyed by the trial judge. Sometimes, where matters of impression and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14297760\charrsid206200 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200  are concerned, giving \lquote full weight\rquote  or \lquote particular weight\rquote  to the views of the trial judge might be seen to shade into a degree of tolerance of divergence of views\'85
..However, as Hill J said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v Chubb Australia Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 
 [1995] FCA 1146; (1995) 56 FCR 557, 573, \lquote giving full weight\rquote 
 to the view appealed from should not be take too far. The appeal court must come to the view that the trial judge was wrong in order to interfere. Even if the question is one of impression or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14297760\charrsid206200 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200 , a sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14297760\charrsid206200 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294\charrsid206200  clear difference of opinion may necessitate that conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid206200 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662759 (05)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16348854 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid13332294\charrsid7896109 T and C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid553680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\i\fs24\super\insrsid3089855 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3089855\charrsid3089855 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 
, Thackray CJ noted the observations of Gleeson CJ concerning the concept of de facto marriage in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid13332294\charrsid7896109 MW v The Department of Community Services}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid553680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\i\fs24\ul\super\insrsid3089855\charrsid7896109 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid3089855\charrsid3089855 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16348854 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16348854 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294  that case, Gleeson CJ made the following observations which provide some guidance as to the interpretation of the expression \lquote marriage \endash like relationship\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3089855 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13395952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4934877 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877 
Finn J was correct to stress the difference between living together and living together \lquote as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union\rquote 
. The relationship between two people who live together, even though it is a sexual relationship
, may, or may not, be a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union. One consequence of relationships of the former kind becoming commonplace is that it may now be more difficult, rather than easier, to infer that they have the nature of marriag
e or civil union, at least where the care and upbringing of children are not involved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8608648 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13332294 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4934877 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877 
Marriage in Australia and New Zealand, involves legal requirements of formality, publicity and exclusivity. A person may be a party to only one marriage at a time. De fa
cto relationships, on the other hand, do not involve these elements. They are entered into, and may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid4934877 dissolved;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877  informally\'85.It goes without saying that there is no mandatory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid4934877 public registration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877  of sexual relationships, even if they involve cohabitation. De facto relationships may co-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid4934877 exist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877 
 with the marriage of one or both parties and, at least in some circumstances, people may be parties to multiple de facto relationships. Yet the law to be applied in this case acknowledges that some are, and some are not,
 in the nature of marriage. How is the difference to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid4934877 determined?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8608648\charrsid4934877 
 No single and comprehensive answer to that question can be given, but there is one test that applicable to the present case. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15159512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 (0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4934877 6}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341177 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid1341177\charrsid7896109 Stack v Dowden}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid553680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\i\fs24\super\insrsid4934877 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4934877\charrsid4934877 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341177 , Baroness Hale of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4140127 Richmond J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341177  said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8608648 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1341177\charrsid206200 \lquote Cohabitation comes in many different shapes and sizes. People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200 embarking}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1341177\charrsid206200  on their first serious relationship more commonly cohabit than marry. Many of these relationships may be quite short-lived and childless. But most people these days cohabit before marriage
\'85.So many couples are cohabiting with a view to marriage at some late date \endash  as long ago}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1341177\charrsid206200 s 1998 the British Household Panel Survey found that 75% of current cohabitants expected to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200 
marry, although only a third had firm plans: John Ermi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200 ch, Personal Relationships and Marriage }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200 Expectations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200  (2000) Working Papers of the Institute of Social an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200 d Economic Research: Paper 2000-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200 27. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16348854\charrsid206200 
Cohabitation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200  is much more likely to end in separation than is marriage, and cohabitations which end in separation tend to last fo
r a shorter time than marriages which end in divorce. But increasing numbers of couples cohabit for long periods without marrying and their reasons for doing so vary from conscious rejection of  marriage as a legal institution to regarding themselves 
\lquote as good as married\rquote  anyway: Law Commission, Consultation Paper No 179, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200 Part 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16678020\charrsid206200 
, para 2.45.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1341177\charrsid206200 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15159512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 (0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4665146 7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6380238 In the Federal Court case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul\insrsid6380238\charrsid7896109 
Lynam v The Director-General of Social Security}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\i\fs24\super\insrsid15159512 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15159512\charrsid15159512 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6380238 , the court considered whether a man and a woman were living together \lquote as husband and wife on a bona fide domestic basis\rquote . Fitzgerald J }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4140127 said;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411661 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6380238\charrsid206200 Each element of a relationship draws its color and its significant from the other elements, some of which may poi
nt in one direction and some in the other. What must be looked at is the composite picture. Any attempt to isolate individual factors and to attribute to them relative degrees of materiality or importance involves a denial of common experience and will al
most inevitably be produc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11411661\charrsid206200 tive of error. The endless scop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6380238\charrsid206200 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6380238\charrsid206200 
differences in human attitudes and activities means that there will be an almost infinite variety of combinations of circumstances which may fall for consideration. In any particular case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14230480\charrsid206200 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6380238\charrsid206200 
 will be a question of fact and degree, a jury question, whether a relationship between two unrelated persons of the opposite sex meets the statutory test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798\charrsid206200 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par 
\par [F]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3634704\charrsid3634704  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11927614 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3634704\charrsid11213952 The Witnesses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3634704 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid3634704 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15159512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 (01)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3634704 As I have said above (paragraph (5)), the appellant and the respondent gave evidence and no other witnesses were called by either of the parties at the hearing before the lower court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5598798 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15159512 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 [G]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11927614 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3634704\charrsid11213952 The affidavit of the Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3634704 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704 (01) \tab The appellant tendered in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 an affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317  evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 
chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704 sworn by her on 22/04/2015. The appellant submitted that her affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317  evidence in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  should be admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3761233 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  evidence. Without any objections from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11927614 respondent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927614 appellant\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  affidavit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317  evidence in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  sworn on 22/04/2015 was admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3761233 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704  evidence, with the leave of the lower court. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12481894 (02)\tab 
The appellant was available to be cross- examined about matters to which she has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188  explicitly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12481894  dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3761233 osed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12481894  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 in her affidavit evidence in chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894 which are inconsistent with the evidence of the respondent and matters which are important in this case. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11927614 (03)\tab The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894  following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2454536 exchanges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12481894  took place after the conclusion of the evidence in chief of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13395952 appellant (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12481894 at page 14 of the transcript)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2454536\charrsid16610188 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188  Ask him whether he wants to ask any questions from her?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 A:\tab No Sir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid16610188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2454536\charrsid16610188 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 You don\rquote t want to ask any questions from her? Could you ask him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562\charrsid16610188 again?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952\charrsid16610188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562\charrsid16610188 Whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188  he wishes to ask any questions from her?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 A:\tab I don\rquote t have any questions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12481894\charrsid16610188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8279004\charrsid16610188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8279004 (04)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 The respondent says \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16610188\charrsid16610188 I do not have any questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 \'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317 Later, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8279004 he respondent in his evidence in court stoutly denied that the relationship between them was a de facto relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522317  Put another way, he rejected the appellant\rquote s evidence that they lived together as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8279004  He deposed about matters which are inconsistent with the evidence of the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8279004\charrsid11495676 But the respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2171947  He refrained from cross-examining the appellant at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3371290\charrsid11495676 
 Not one question has been directed either to the credit or to the accuracy of the facts she has deposed to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4522317  in the affidavit evidence in chief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2171947  I say, by the absence of cross-examination upon evidence showing that they lived together as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union; the respondent does admit 
that the evidence of the appellant is true. What is there for the court?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8279004\charrsid11495676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1800056 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1800056 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1800056 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1800056\charrsid1800056 For example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1800056 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1800056 Cross on Evidence (2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\super\insrsid1800056\charrsid1800056 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1800056  Australian ed, 1979)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1800056  the authors stated (at para 10.50):
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1800056 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1800056 \'93
Any matter upon which it is proposed to contradict the evidence in chief given by 
the witness must normally be put to him so that he may have an opportunity of explaining the contradiction, a failure to do this may be held to imply acceptance of the evidence in chief\'94.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 
\par        
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1800056 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 See, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7896109\charrsid7896109 Phipson on Evidence (12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\super\insrsid7896109\charrsid7896109 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7896109\charrsid7896109 
 Edition, 1976) at para 1593}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1800056 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7896109\charrsid7896109 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371290 (05) \tab The evidence adduced by the respondent should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3371290\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15159512 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15159512\charrsid15159512 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371290 .  The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3371290\charrsid7896109 Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15628161\charrsid7896109 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3371290\charrsid7896109  v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371290  applies in both civil and criminal proceedings.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3371290\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371290  is a ground for the exclusion of evidence.  The court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15628161 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371290 
oes have the power to reject relevant and otherwise admissible contradictory evidence on the ground that it should have been, but was not, put to a witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13637287 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 (06)\tab The Learned Magistrate erred in law in failing to apply the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid531443\charrsid531443 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443   The inclusion of the contradictory evidence of the respondent, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.  The rule in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443  was neither considered nor 
applied.  Fairness ordinarily requires that if a challenge is to be made to the evidence of a witness, the ground of the challenge be put to the witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13637287 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 (07)\tab The Learned Magistrate did have the power to refuse to admit the evidence of the respondent that, was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10839402  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 put to appellant in accordance with the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 .  In }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Schneidas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13007252 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13007252\charrsid13007252 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid531443\charrsid531443  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 
the rule was applied even in circumstances where the accused was a lay person conducting his own defence. Schneidas was discussed by Hunt J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 All
ied Pastoral Holdings Pty Limited v FCT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13007252 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13007252\charrsid13007252 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid531443\charrsid531443  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 without dissent. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Regina v Body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13007252 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13007252\charrsid13007252 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid531443\charrsid531443 Gleeson CJ, Carruthers and Bruce JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 
, followed the decision in Schneidas.  The court upheld the decision of the trial Judge that evidence sought to be adduced by the accused should be rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the crown by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid531443\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531443 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3496986 (08)\tab In my opinion, the Learned Magistrate erred in law and the admission of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 respondent\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3496986  evidence, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15800627 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 [H]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15800627\charrsid15800627 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15800627\charrsid11213952 
The Findings that are subject to the appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11213952\charrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11297361 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15800627 (01)\tab 
Let me now concentrate on the findings of the Learned Magistrate that are subject to this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11297361 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12388575 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15800627\charrsid15800627 (A)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15800627\charrsid15800627 Duration of the relationship
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15800627\charrsid15800627 (02)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15800627 The appellant clearly deposed in paragraph (1) \endash  (5) of her affidavit of evidence in chief sworn on 22.04.2015, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11297361 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15800627 she commenced a relationship with the respondent in the year 2000.  She claims that they became de facto partners and remained so.  T
he appellant said in her evidence in court that she was in a de facto relationship with the respondent for 14 years and it ended in 2014.  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412165 was a long term relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15800627 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412165 (03)\tab 
The respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all.  That is a good reason for accepting her evidence.  Her evidence appears to be credible and convincing.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412165 As I said in paragraph (04) \endash  (08) in part (G) the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3412165\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412165  will result in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412165 exclusion of the contradictory evidence adduced by the respondent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637287 (04)\tab The Learned Magistrate erred in law and fact by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11297361 failing to determine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637287  the duration of the relationship.  The result was detrimental to the appellant\rquote s case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637287 (05)\tab 
The evidence overwhelming supports that the relationship between the appellant and the respondent was a long term relationship which lasted for 14 years.  It was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15021323 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637287 pen to the Learned Magistrate to arrive at that conclusion on the evidence found by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171947 His Worship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13637287 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12388575 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637287 (B) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13637287\charrsid13637287 The nature and extent of common residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13637287 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9636365 (06)\tab This includes things like how often 
the two people stay in the same residence and share household chores and duties.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9636365 (07)\tab The appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 explicitly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9636365 deposed in paragraph (5), (9), (10) of her affidavit of evidence in chief that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9636365\charrsid9636365 (5)\tab 
THAT as our relationship developed the Respondent would visit me at my father\rquote 
s house and stay for a day, at times weekend and sometimes even stay for a week.  At other times he would book a hotel room for us to stay in.  Such was the trend for the 14 years of my relationship with the Respondent man.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9636365\charrsid9636365 (9)\tab THAT 
throughout the 14 years of our relationship the Respondent would always drop me home from work and at times he would even have dinner with me at my home and then leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9636365 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12669992\charrsid9636365 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9636365\charrsid9636365 (10)\tab THAT most Sundays throughout the period of our relationship the Respondent would come to my father\rquote 
s home and help him in the garden and whenever my father would leave the country the Respondent would stay with me for at least one week.  I have photos to prove the same.  [Annexed marked \'93A\'94 are photos of some of our outings]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9636365 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5838754\charrsid15021323 The respo
ndent did not cross-examine the appellant at all. He accepted the appellant\rquote s account in its entirety.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4340826 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838754 (08)\tab The Magistrate\rquote s finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5838754\charrsid15021323 \'93He further said that he was married to his wife for 32 years and he never left his house\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838754  reflects the Magistrate ac
ceptance of the substance of the respondent\rquote s evidence recorded in the hearing.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4340826 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 (09)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15021323 As stated earlier, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 
he evidence adduced by the respondent should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 . The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109 Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15021323\charrsid7896109 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109  v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885  applies in both civil and criminal proceedings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885  is a ground for the exclusion of evidence.  The court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15021323 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 oes have the power to reject relevant and otherwise admissible contradictory evidence on the ground that it should have been, but was not, put to a witness in cross-examination.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7484885 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340826 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 (10)\tab The Learned Magistrate erred in law in failing to apply the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7484885\charrsid531443 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 
  The inclusion of the contradictory evidence of the respondent, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.  The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7484885\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885  was neither considered nor applied.  Fairness ordinarily requires that if a challenge is to be made to the evidence of a witness, the ground of the challenge be put to the witness in cross-examination.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11213952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 (11)\tab 
In my opinion, the Learned Magistrate erred in law and the admission of the respondents evidence, in the circumstances has led to a miscarriage of Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7484885 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11213952 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7739627 \tab \tab (C)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7739627 The degree of financial dependence or interdependence and arrangements 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7739627 for financial support between the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634704 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7739627 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7739627 (12)\tab The appellant deposed in paragraph (16) of her affidavit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13860513  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7739627  evidence in chief that she gave her bank card to the respondent.
\par 
\par (13)\tab The appellant deposed in paragraph (22) of her affidavit of evidence in chief that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7739627\charrsid13860513 \'93the respondent had gone to Malaysia on 07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7739627\charrsid13860513 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7739627\charrsid13860513  January, 2008 and withdrew from my account to fund the trip\'94.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7739627 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2305039 (14)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2305039 The respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2305039 
  I find that it was open for the lower court to accept the evidence of the appellant and find that the appellant has financially supported the respondent.  The learned Magistrate erred in fact by holding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2305039\charrsid13860513 \'93there was no financial dependency or interdependency existed in the relationship\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2305039 
 The learned Magistrate erred in law by seeking corroborative documentary evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13860513 from the appellant in relation to financial transaction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2171947 despite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13860513 the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171947 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13860513 fail}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171947 ure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13860513  to cross-examine her evidence at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2305039 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7477839 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16388262 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 
The evidence adduced by the respondent should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16388262\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7477839 \tab \tab (D)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7477839 The degree of mutual commitment to a share}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2171947 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7477839  life}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7477839 
\par 
\par (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7477839 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 In her affidavit, the 
appellant annexes a photograph depicting the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171947  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 enjoying lunch at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555570 a
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839  Resort.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7477839 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 
\par \tab Some photos depict the parties spending a night in a hotel room at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 Hotel.
\par 
\par (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 )\tab The appellant\rquote s evidence clearly establish that the respondent stayed overnight with the appellant at her father
\rquote s house more than occasionally.  They went out together for dinner or lunch.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 (17)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6890839 
The respondent failed to cross-examine her at all.  As I said, the rule in Browne v Dunn will result in the exclusion of the contradictory evidence adduced by the appellant.  Therefore, the appellant\rquote 
s evidence is uncontradicted by other evidence.  The appellant\rquote s evidence appeared to be credible and convincing.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388262 18)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 \tab As to the ownership, use and acquisition of property, the appellant deposed as follows 
in her affidavit of evidence in chief;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2775225 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225\charrsid2775225 (18)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 That unbeknownst to me the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12669992 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 
espondent would be withdrawing monies that I had deposited into my bank account.  For instance on the 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2775225\charrsid2775225 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 
 of March, 2008 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12669992 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 espondent withdrew $1,700.00 to buy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 
Vehicle Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 .  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12669992 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 espondent again withdrew $1,500 on the 31}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2775225\charrsid2775225 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225  of May, 2009 bought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 Vehicle Z}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 .  He failed to consult me at first but informed me only after I had queried with him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225\charrsid2775225 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2775225 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 (19)\tab 
That to date both the said vehicles bought from my money have been sold and the Respondent has bought in their place another Vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 Registration no. X}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7739627 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 
\par (21)\tab That the Respondent took loans from me to renovate and extend the property situated at Lautoka where he lives with his family.  I would record such loan sums in my little booklet.  Such loans have not been paid to date.
\par 
\par (29)\tab That on the 01}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2775225\charrsid2775225 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 
 of May, 2011 the Respondent and I set up and opened a shop once again operating at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 .
\par 
\par (30)\tab That I had solely given every little cent there is in order to operate the new business.  The Respondent only provided the emotional and moral support I needed.
\par 
\par (31)\tab That I paid for all assets there is inside the shop required to operate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15743126 the business}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2775225 .
\par 
\par (32)\tab That I paid for all utility bills just so to have the business up and running.  The Respond
ent did not in any way contribute financially to the business however I trusted him, loved him and took him to be an honest man who I expected to be diligent with our business operations but was unfortunately not as I have now come to know.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6039875 
\par (35)\tab That once the Salon was in operation I continued my tailoring business successfully inside the said shop and the Respondent would manage the Salon operations.
\par 
\par (36)\tab That at times when the Respondent was away from the shop, it was I who managed the Salon.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5863899 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5863899 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 19}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 )\tab The respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all. That is a good reason for accepting her evidence.  Her evidence appears to be credible and convincing.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6362813 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 (2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 \tab The evidence adduced by the respondent should have been rejected on the basis of the unfai
rness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6362813\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5863899 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5863899 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5863899 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 [I]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6516910 Remarks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 01}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 )\tab Unlike a legal marriage, which is presumed to continue until a party can prove that the marriage has broken down for the purpose of legally dissolving the marr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6362813 iage, in the case of a de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 
 relationship, it is the party asserting the continuance of the de facto relationship that must positively prove the existence of its defining characteristics, rather than being required to prove the negatives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b\fs24\super\insrsid6516910\charrsid145781 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5261893\charrsid10642445 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6516910 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 02}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 )\tab 
Therefore, the appellant in this case is required positively to prove the existence of a de facto relationship.  The ultimate question for the court is, therefore, whether or not the appellant has proven the existence of a relationship of the required sta
ndard.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 03}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 )\tab The appellant bears the onus.  The standard of proof that the court apply is one of \'93on the balance of probabilities\'94
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  The proceedings in the Family Court comprised of \'93Civil proceedings\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 04}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 The appellant tendered in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676 affidavit evidence in chief sworn by her on 22/04/2015. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 The appellant submitted that her affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476  should be admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 
 evidence.  Without any objections from the respondent, the appellant\rquote s affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  evidence in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 
 sworn on 22/05/2015 was admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476  evidence, with the leave of the lower court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13184727 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 )\tab The appellant was available to be cross-examined about matters to which she has de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 posed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 which are inconsistent with the evidence of the respondent and matters which are important in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  The respondent declined to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 06}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 )\tab The respondent in his evidence in court stoutly denied that the relationship between the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 m was a de facto relationship. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 He deposed about matters which are inconsistent with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 
the evidence of the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 But the respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all.  No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476  one question has been directed either to the credit or to the accuracy of the facts she has deposed to.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 )\tab The evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 deposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 by the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10774562 i.e.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2687516\charrsid2687516 they were friends but not in a relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 ,  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16610188    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11470476  should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11470476\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11470476 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 08}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 )\tab The Resident Magistrate was wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14380348  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 His Worship has accepted the evidence of the respondent.  His Worship has given weight to the evidence of the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516  that they were friends and not in a relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 
  The decision of the Resident Magistrate is erroneous.  His Worship failed to draw inferences that should have been d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9128721 rawn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 
 from the facts established by the unchallenged, credible and convincing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2687516  in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893  of the appellant. His Worship erred in law by seeking corroboration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 her version of events by way of documentary and independent evidence.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 There is unchallenged evidence that the respon
dent visited the appellant at her father\rquote s house more than occasionally. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685554 She says in her affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685554  in chief and it is unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138  that he stayed overnight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11216247 
with her more than occasionally, at her father\rquote s house. She says in her affidavit evidence 
in chief and it is unchallenged, that the respondent always dropped her home after work and sometimes had dinner with her at her home and then leave. Therefore, the parties were frequ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 
ently in each other\rquote s company. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11216247 They interacted on a frequent basis in a number of important respects, which demonstrated that they indeed live}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2687516 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11216247  together as a couple on a genuine domestic basis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5261893 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 )\tab 
Residing together is a characteristic of most marriage like relationships but some spouses have an intimate relationship but live
 at separate addresses. It is important to note that spending time apart is not necessarily fatal to the existence of a de facto relationship; common residence is only one of the factors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14380348  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 In the end, whether or not two parties are in a de facto relationsh
ip is a question of fact that will turn on an assessment of all of the elements of the relationship, no one factor, such as whether the parties are spending time apart.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 )\tab The Learned Magistrate erred in failing to adopt such an approach when focusing u
pon whether or not the parties had lived in a de facto relationship.
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 
She says in her affidavit evidence in chief and it is unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2495138  went out for dinner and lunch with the respondent.  He spent nights with her in hotel rooms.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 The parties presented themselves to the outside world as a couple. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 )\tab 
There was also a significant degree of financial dependence by the respondent on the appellant during the period of 14 years which I am satisfied that the appellant undertook on the basis that the respondent would provide for her as her partner. The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756  in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4466485  revealed that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14447517  and it is unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 
 the respondent has travelled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2359803 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485  in 2008 by the financial assistance of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650756 in chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
also revealed that appellant paid the rent for the joint business premises. The appellant paid the utility bills in the joint business premises. These are indicators that the appellant made commitment to financially support the respondent and the res
pondent relied upon the financial support of the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466485 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 )\tab There was a degree of common use of property.  The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3697722 affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3697722  in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6098465  reveals that on 01-05-2011, the appellant and the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 rented }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 a building}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465  formed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2359803 Beauty Saloon at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465  
Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14380348  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 The appellant continued a tailoring business in the premises and the respondent managed the Salon business in the sa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2300619 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 e premises.  They used the premises in common. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2300619 
They worked together from 2011 to 2013 to make sure that the household is supported. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 The evidence further reveals that the appellant financially supported the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14380348  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 to renovate and extend the property situated at Lautoka, where the respondent lived with his family.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2300619   She has made a significant contribution towards the others property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12669992 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 (15)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 These are indicators that they had a commitment to a shared life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2300619   The parties did not purchase any real property together.  The respondent was not prepared to support the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2300619 financially.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2300619   There were no children of the relationship. However, these did not mean that the parties were only less a \'93couple\'94. The relat
ionship that the parties shared provided each of them with support, companionship and a romantic relationship when they were in each other\rquote s company.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465\charrsid2300619 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12669992 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 
Having regard to those matters set out in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  the preceding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486  paragraph (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 09}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 ), (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 ) and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 
14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 ), taken togethe
r, I find that the appellant has established that she and the respondent lived as de facto partners.  I am satisfied from all of the evidence that the relationship between the appellant and the respondent was a personal and intimate relationship and not t
hat of a ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8083339 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 er and a person care}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5571076 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6105486  for.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 (17)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 \tab This is a finding which was open to the Learned Magistrate on the facts as found by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 is Worship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2427735\charrsid16403843 
The essence of the appellant\rquote s first and the second ground of appeal is that the Learned Magistrate erred in rejecting the appellant\rquote s evidence that they lived together as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4074318\charrsid16403843 The first and the second ground of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2427735\charrsid16403843 succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4074318\charrsid16403843 . The ground three is dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 
The relationship effectively changed in mid-October 2013 when the respondent brought another lady to the business premises and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074318 told the appellant to \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4074318\charrsid11220068 piss off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074318 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 
  I therefore find that the de facto relationship commenced in 2000 and ceased in mid-Octobe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13127365 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486  2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
\par 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8931869 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105486 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13127365 
erhaps because of the respondent\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13127365 
 denial at the lower court hearing that a de facto relationship had ever existed, His Worship was concerned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10768498  about the lack of corroborative evidence of the appellant\rquote s version and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 also the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  lack of documentary evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 His Worship accepted the respondent
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735  later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  denial that a de facto relationship had ever existed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2427735 
 to that of the appellant\rquote s claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074318  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11084024 
that they lived together as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1967708 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967708 (20)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4074318 Where conflicting evidence of a significant nature is given by the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13056588 , how could the respondent attribute falsehood to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12074537 her? He refrained from cross-examining her at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801474  He told the Magistrate \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid801474\charrsid801474 
I do not have any questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801474 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13056588  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12074537 Her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828 affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12074537 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828  in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12074537 
 had been let go unchallenged so far as the conduct of the respondent\rquote 
s case is concerned. By itself, it does prove that the respondent did not have reasonable grounds to suspect the evidence of the appellant. In other words, the absence of any grounds for
 suspicion has been provided by the respondent. It must be accorded weight. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12668811 The appellant on the other hand, had no practical scope for responding to the respondent\rquote 
s ultimate denial of the existence of such relationship. Clearly, it was open to the Resident Magistrate having regard to all of the evidence, to prefer appellant\rquote s version to that of respondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12668811\charrsid7896109 later denial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12668811  of the existence of such relationship. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12668811\charrsid9060263 
It was not available to the Resident Magistrate to prefer the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9060263\charrsid9060263 respondent\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9060263\charrsid7896109 later denial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9060263\charrsid9060263 of the existence of such relationship}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9060263  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12668811\charrsid9060263 without setting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11220068\charrsid9060263 out }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid801474\charrsid9060263 His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9060263 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid801474\charrsid9060263 orships }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11220068\charrsid9060263 findings as to how His Worship comes to accept the one over the other.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  This warrants reversing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263  primary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  court\rquote s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828 
 I confess, that I cannot resist my temptation to say that the respondent is not allowed to blow hot and cold in the attitude that he adopts. He cannot adopt two inconsistent attitudes. He must elect between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7896109 them,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828  and having elected to adopt one stance, cannot be permitted thereafter to go back and adopt an inconsistent stance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6098465 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16018569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967708 21}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 )\tab His Worship was plainly wrong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 The evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5571076 deposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 by the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5571076 , viz, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5571076\charrsid5571076 the relationship was not personal and intimate,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 
 should have been rejected on the basis of the unfairness caused to the appellant by contravention of the rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16018569\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 . The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16018569\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569  applies in both civil and criminal proceedings.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16018569\charrsid7896109 Browne v Dunn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 
 is a ground for the exclusion of evidence.  The court does have the power to reject relevant and otherwise admissible contradictory evidence on the grounds that it should have been, but was not, put to a witness in cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16018569 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2495138 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967708 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 )\tab 
Why should the appellant lead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7023115\charrsid9060263 corroborative evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  to satisfy the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060263  that they lived together as a couple in a relationship in the nature of marriage or civil union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  when the respondent failed to cross-examine the appellant at all}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  on the matters she has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15993676\charrsid9060263 explicitly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676 
 deposed in her affidavit evidence in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263  claiming that their relationship was in the nature of marriage or civil union? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
Why should the appellant produce documentary evidence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263 satisfy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060263 
 court as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid86580 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 accuracy of the financial transactions when the respondent failed to cross-examine her at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801474 financial transactions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676 she has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15993676\charrsid86580 explicitly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676  deposed in her affidavit evidence in chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  If the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676\charrsid15993676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15993676 matters she has deposed in her affidavit evidence in chief}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  false, why did the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801474 admit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  her evidence in its entirety by declining to cross \endash examine her at all? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546828 The respondent\rquote s later evidence to the opposite effect should 
have been rejected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid86580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid86580\charrsid86580 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562\charrsid86580 limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6322168 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6322168 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322168\charrsid6322168 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid86580 orroborative evidence refers to evidence that has the effect of \'93adding of strength or reinforcement from an independent source for the truth and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322168 accuracy}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid86580  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322168 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid86580 witness\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322168 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid86580  evidence\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322168 . The appellant\rquote 
s affidavit evidence in chief appeared to be credible and convincing and the respondent admitted it in its entirety. Therefore, it must be accorded weight. That being the case, why should the court look for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10774562 corroboration?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115\charrsid86580 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10642701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967708 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642701 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 
 recognize the wisdom of the words of Meagher JA in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5594174 NSW }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5594174 
Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642701  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10642701\charrsid7896109 
Beale v Government Insurance Office of NSW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10642701 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10642701\charrsid10642701 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10642701  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843\charrsid16403843 where His Lordship said;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10642701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14353658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10642701 No mechanical formula can be given in determining what reasons are required.  However, there are three 
fundamental elements of a statement of reasons, which it is useful to consider.  First, a judge should refer to relevant evidence.  There is no need to refer to the relevant evidence in detail, especially in circumstances where it is clear that t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2711825 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2711825 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10642701 he evidence has been considered\'85\'85
 Where conflicting evidence of a significant nature is given, the existence of both sets of evidence should be referred to.
\par 
\par Secondly, a judge should set out any material findings of fact and any conclusions or ultimate findings of 
fact reached.  Where one set of evidence is accepted over a conflicting set of significant evidence, the trial judge should set out his findings as to how he comes to accept the one over the other.  But that is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1997118  not to say that a judge must make explicit findings on each disputed piece of evidence, especially if the inference as to what is found is appropriately clear\'85\'85
 Further, it may not be necessary to make findings on every argument or destroy every submission, particularly where the arguments advanced are numerous and of varying significance\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10642701 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1997118 
\par Thirdly, a judge should provide reasons for making the relevant findings of fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1997118\charrsid3151201 (and conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1997118 
) and reasons in applying the law to the facts found.  Those reasons or the process of reasoning should be understandable and preferably logical as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1997118\charrsid10642701 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5571076 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9333452 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2367573 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967708 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 )\tab 
His Worship erred in failing to adopt such an approach when focusing upon whether or not the parties had lived in a de facto relationship.  This gave rise to a miscarriage of justice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16403843 So in the end, I
 am driven to conclude that counsel for the appellant is right. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 The appeal should be allowed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9333452 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9333452 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115\charrsid7023115 [J]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7023115 ORDERS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
\par (01)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9700995 The a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9700995  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  allowed.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (02)\tab The decision of the Learned Magistrate dated 18-11-2016 is set aside.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (03)\tab I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068 conclude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 that the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9700995 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11220068 ved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 in a de facto relationship }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 within the definition of Section 143 (A) of the Family Law Act, No. 18 of 2003 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11220068  the year}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  2000 to 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7023115\charrsid7023115 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
 October, 2014.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 (04)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 The case record is remitted back to the Magistrates Court for trial on the issue of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9700995  de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529  property distribution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 (05)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12260529\charrsid6428177 The trial on the issue of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9700995\charrsid6428177 
 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12260529\charrsid6428177  property distribution should be concluded within three (03) months from the date of this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9700995\charrsid6428177 judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12260529\charrsid6428177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3151201 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid553680\charrsid6428177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6516910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 (06)\tab 
Each party to bear their own costs of the appeal proceedings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13462767 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7023115 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid553680 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 Jude Nanayakkara
\par [Judge]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7023115 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13462767 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12260529 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 t Lau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16719869 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115 oka
\par Tuesday, 04}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7023115\charrsid7023115 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7023115  August, 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7023115\charrsid7023115 
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