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{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
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{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f381\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f411\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Candara CE{\*\falt Candara};}
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{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Candara Baltic{\*\falt Candara};}{\f439\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Candara (Vietnamese){\*\falt Candara};}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sb51\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 RESPONDENT\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Appearances:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid5771077 TERESIA LAGILAGI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 
\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5771077 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Date/Place of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Judgment:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid5771077 Tuesday 19 January 2016 at Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Coram:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid5771077 Hon. Madam Justice Anjala Wati.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow
\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Category:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell 
}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7826544\charrsid7826544 
All identifying information in this judgment have been anonymized or removed and pseudonyms have been used for all persons referred to. Any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid12983454\charrsid7826544 similarity to any persons is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7826544\charrsid7826544  purely coincidental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid5771077 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow
\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5073660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 Anonymised Case Citation:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sb51\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10447683 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10447683\charrsid9050833 Mamanuca v. Tina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid10447683  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9050833\charrsid9050833  Family Appeal number 13 of 2013 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5771077\charrsid9705301 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trleft52\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5073660\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind160\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3453\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx3466\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5747\clpadl0\clpadt108\clpadb0\clpadr108\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14361216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5771077 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14361216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3280145 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 Catchwo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 s:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 AMIL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 Y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 LAW -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 PROPERTY L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 AW \'b7 LEAVE TO ISSUE APPLICATION F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
OR PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION AFTER TWO YEARS OF DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE - FACTORS TO BE CONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 RED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 \'b7 HARDSHIP TO PARTY OR ANY CH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14361216 LD }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 IF LEAVE IS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  REFU5ED.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 Legislation:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
\par 1. The Family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 aw Act No.18 of 2003 ("FLA"):ss.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  (d); 27(3 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 and (4).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 Cause and Background
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
1. The appeal is against the decision of the Resident Magistrate ("RM") of 24 May 2012, where, upon the application of the wife, leave was granted to file the application for distribution of property after two years of dissolution of marriage.
\par 2. The need for leave arose because s. 27 (3) of the FLA bars any party to the marriage from filing an application for distribution of the property of the parties to the marri
age after expiration of 2 years from the date of marriage or the date of commencement of the FLA, whichever is later except by leave of the Court in which proceedings are to be instituted.
\par 3. S. 27 (3) reads:
\par " Where a final order for dissolution of marria
ge or of nullity of marriage has been of the definition made, proceedings of kind referred to in sub-paragraph (c) or (d) of the definition of "matrimonial cause" in section 2(1) ( not proceedings seeking the discharge, suspension, revival, or variation o
f
 an order previously made in proceedings with respect to the maintenance of a party) cannot be instituted after the expiration of 2 years from the date of the making of the order or the date of commencement of this Act, whichever is later, except by leave
 of the Court in which the proceedings are to be instituted".
\par 
\par 4. The definition of" matrimonial cause" in s. 2(d) means:
\par "Proceedings between the parties to a marriage with respect to the property of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 parties to the marriage or either of them, being proceedings-
\par (i) arising out of the marital relationship;
\par (ii) in relation to concurrent, pending or completed proceedings between those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 parties for principal relief; or
\par (iii) in relation to the dissolution 
or annulment of that marriage or legal separation of the parties to that marriage, being a dissolution, annulment or legal separation effected in accordance with the law of an overseas jurisdiction, where that dissolution, annulment or legal separation is
 recognized as valid in the Fiji Islands under Part XI".
\par 5. It is clear from the definition of s. 2(d) that the application for distribution of property is caught by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 s. 27(3).
\par 6. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409 parties were married in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  1994. They separated sometime in 2003 and finally their m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409 arriage was dissolved in}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  2004.
\par 7. The parties had one child of the marriage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409 born in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  1991.
\par 8. The residence of the child was granted to the father and he was also ordered to pay spousal maintenance in the sum of $60.00 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 fortnight with effect from 
26 May 2004.
\par 9. The application for leave was filed on 22 March 2011. The leave was sought to apply for property distribution and interim maintenance.
\par 10. The grounds before the Court based on which the application was opposed was through the affidavits filed by the parties.
\par 11. The affidavit of the wife deposed that despite the divorce, the parties continued living together with the child at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409  Nakasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 12. Since the parties continued living together, she did not apply for distribution of property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216  2011, 
the husband moved out of the house to live somewhere else. Due to this she seeks leave for distribution of the property whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328409 h is the house in Nakasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
 registered under the husband's name.
\par 
\par 13. The husband also deposed an affidavit to the effect that after the dissolution of marriage, the wife immediately left for her father's residence at Nasinu. She started visiting the daughter under the pretext of cooking for her during the exams. On one
 of his field trips for TFL, he found that she had permanently moved in the property.
\par 
\par 14. The husband further deposed that since he had been frequently absent from the property, this gave the wife a chance to exploit the property and since she has been liv
ing there permanently, she is under the misapprehension that she can make a claim in the property.
\par 
\par 15. It was also deposed by the husband that at the time of dissolution of the marriage, the wife was asked whether she wanted property and she had declined that. She should now be ashamed of herself. The application is an abuse of the process of court.

\par 
\par Magistrates' Courts Findings
\par 
\par 16. The Court found that it had to determine the application for leave based on two factors which were the length and the reasons for delay and whether there would be any hardship caused to the wife or the child if leave was refused: s. 27(4) of the FLA.

\par 17. The Court found that the only property for consideration is the house and the land situated at  Nakasi.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 18. On the question of delay, it was found that the application for distribution was made after 6 years but since the wife had the benefit of the property by virtue of living there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 with the husband, she did not apply for the same until the husband moved out of the ho use . Th
e delay and the reasons were both excusable and satisfactory. The Court did find that there was no need to make a finding on whether the parties lived in the house as husband and wife but the fact that she occupied the property with him and had the benefi
t of the same.
\par 19. The Court then dealt with the issue of hardship. It found that the wife will suffer substantial detriment if she was not given leave because she would lose out on her entitlement from a ten year marriage. There would not be any hardship t
o the husband as he was already the registered owner of the property.
\par The Appeal
\par 20. Aggrieved at the findings, the husband appealed on the grounds that the Court erred in law and in fact:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15217252 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 . in finding that it was not crucial for the court to investigate 
if the parties were living as husband and wife after the divorce as this was a disputed fact which was contested by the husband.
\par 2. in finding that the wife's explanation for the length of delay was satisfactory and excusable.
\par 3. in finding that any refusal to grant the wife leave to apply for property distribution out of time would amount to substantial detriment.
\par 4. by relying substantially on the submissions of the wife and not fully taking into account the arguments advanced by the husband thus failing to determine the issue from the perspective of both parties resulting in unfairness to the husband.
\par 
\par Appellant's Submissions
\par 
\par 21. Ms.Vaniqi argued that the Family Law Act came in force on 1 November 2005. When the parties were divorced, they were still bound by the Matrimonial Causes Act.
\par 
\par 22. Under the old law, all applications for various reliefs were filed in one petition. There was no application for property distribution filed then. It is safe to assume that the wife, who was represented by the Legal A
id, would have asked her whether she wanted a division in the property. The Court record is silent on whether the wife made any request for distribution of the property but if she was interested in getting her share, she would have included that in her pe
tition.
\par 23. Even after she moved in the property, she still made no request for the division. She had been divorced and her not applying made the husband believe that she was not interested in the property. After a lapse of such a long time, allowing her to
 make a claim in the property is detrimental to the husband.
\par 24. It was crucial for the Court to decide whether the parties having lived under the same roof had resumed cohabitation as husband and wife. The wife said that she believed that they started liv
ing together as husband and wife. This goes to the root of her reasons for the delay in filing the application.
\par 
\par 25. Ms. Vaniqi also argued the Court failed to consider the hardship 
that the husband will face, if leave were to be granted. The husband will face hardship because he is either hoping to move back in the property or develop the same but cannot do so because of the pending application for distribution.
\par 
\par 26. Ms. Vaniqi furth
er argued that the RM has almost cut and pasted the submissions of the wife's counsel in her judgment. For example paragraph 18 of the ruling is the same as paragraph 3.4.2 of the respondent's submissions; paragraph 27 of the ruling is the same}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 as paragraph 3.5 of the submissions; and paragraphs 28 and 29 of the ruling is the same as paragraph 3.6 of the submissions.
\par 27. In following the wife's submissions, the court went on to rule in her favour without justifying its decision. This shows that the husband's submission was not considered by the Court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 Law and Analysis
\par 
\par 28. S. 27(4) of the FLA only requires that the Court considers the hardship that would be faced by a party to the marriage who is making the application for leave or any child of the marriage.
\par 29. The husband did not dispute that after a year of the divorce, the wife had the benefit of living in the house. He allowed her to live in the property. She therefore had the benefit and comfort of the house the parties had acquired during their marri
age.
\par 30. The husband also lived on the same property without interfering with her peaceful occupation. At least there is no evidence of him doing so. This caused the wife to believe that she had the benefit of the property until she was faced by another se
paration from the husband who left the home in 2011 and started living separately.
\par 31. The physical separation of the parties made the wife realize that she may not have the benefit of the property anymore so she quickly acted to file an application for leave.
\par 32. If the parties lived together under the same roof, there was no reason for her to actually ask for her entitlement because she had the benefit of the property without any fear of losing the same. Now there is potential that she may lose the occupa
tional and equitable benefits, there is good reason why she has to apply and apply late.
\par 33. She will definitely suffer detriment because there is potential that she would deprived of a home in which she may have made contributions post the dissolution of marriage in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
any form she could. Her contribution to the welfare of the family is admitted by the husband as he is the one who deposed in his affidavit that she came back in the house to assist the child in cooking her meals when she was studying for her ex
ams. This is the wife's material contribution that would not be lightly dismissed in assessing her entitlement.
\par 34. If leave were not granted, she will not only lose her occupational benefits but her entitlement as well which would not be equitable on the facts of the case.
\par 
\par 35. By allowing the wife to stay in the property, the husband did insinuate that she can have the benefit of the same. She was led to believe that she can live in the same until I repeat she faced the reality of the physical separation.
\par 
\par 36. I agree with the RM that there was no need to make a finding on whether or not there was cohabitation as husband and wife. What is material is that the wife was allowed to live in the property on the impression that she will not lose the benefit of h
er share and be allowed to occupy the same.
\par 
\par 37. Ms. Vaniqi stated that the dissolution of marriage took place under the Matrimonial Causes Act and if she wanted a distribution she would have filed one in the same petition.
\par 38. I cannot say why any such application was not filed but there never used to be any realistic division of property under the old Act. Whatever the reason maybe, the FLA allows the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 parties who have had dissolution under the old Act to file for distribution under the new Act as long as it is made within two years of its commencement. As such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 the wife cannot be precluded on the grounds that she did not ask for her share then.
\par 
\par 39. Ms. Vaniqi also argued that The RM had cut and paste the wife's counsel submissions in her judgment. I find t
hat only the parts containing the legal principles were reflected in the judgment and there is nothing legally wrong in accepting and reflecting verbatim the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293057  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
principles of law cited by a counsel in his or her submission as long as the principles are correctly reflected.
\par 40. The issue of hardship to the wife if leave were not granted was correctly determined and I find that the appeal has no basis.
\par Final Orders
\par 41. The appeal is dismissed. The wife is entitled to file an application for distribution of prope
rty within 21 days if the same has not been filed yet. The Registrar to assign a date to any such application being filed or if it is already filed then a date to be fixed for the action to take its normal course.
\par 42. Each party shall bear their own costs of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
 appeal proceedings.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14361216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3280145 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321\charrsid3280145 Anjala Wati
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216\charrsid3280145 Judge
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12353321\charrsid3280145 19.01.2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216\charrsid3280145 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14361216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361216 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12353321\charrsid3280145 To:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14361216\charrsid3280145 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12353321\charrsid3280145 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14361216\charrsid3280145 . Ms. Vaniqi for the Appellant,
\par 2. Respondent.
\par 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12353321\charrsid3280145 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14361216\charrsid3280145  File: 13/Suv/0013.
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