{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang3081\deflangfe3081\themelang3081\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings{\*\falt Wingdings};}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\f44\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Segoe UI{\*\falt Arial};}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030303020204}Candara;}{\f165\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050305030304}Book Antiqua;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f277\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f278\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f280\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f281\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f282\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f283\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f284\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f285\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f297\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f298\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f300\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}
{\f301\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f302\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f303\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}
{\f304\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f305\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f617\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f618\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f620\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f621\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f624\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f625\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f667\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f668\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f670\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f671\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f672\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f673\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\f674\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f675\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f717\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE{\*\falt Arial};}{\f718\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f720\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek{\*\falt Arial};}{\f721\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur{\*\falt Arial};}{\f722\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Segoe UI (Hebrew){\*\falt Arial};}
{\f723\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic){\*\falt Arial};}{\f724\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic{\*\falt Arial};}{\f725\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial};}
{\f817\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Candara CE;}{\f818\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Candara Cyr;}{\f820\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Candara Greek;}{\f821\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Candara Tur;}
{\f824\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Candara Baltic;}{\f825\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Candara (Vietnamese);}{\f1927\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1928\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}
{\f1930\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1931\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}{\f1934\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}
{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
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\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red191\green191\blue191;\red255\green255\blue255;}{\*\defchp \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\langfenp1033 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
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\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8 \sbasedon10 \slink16 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid7611775 Other_;}{\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sa180\sl374\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 \slink15 \spriority0 \styrsid7611775 Other;}{\s17\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext17 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid11632372 List Paragraph;}{\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 \slink19 \sunhideused \styrsid3808015 header;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink18 \slocked \styrsid3808015 Header Char;}{
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \sunhideused \styrsid3808015 footer;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink20 \slocked \styrsid3808015 Footer Char;}{
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af44\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\fs18\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext22 \slink23 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid3943975 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af44\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\fs18 \sbasedon10 \slink22 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid3943975 Balloon Text Char;}}{\*\listtable
{\list\listtemplateid-378530992\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916443\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916431\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916443\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916431\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916443\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\leveltemplateid201916431\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916443\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916431\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916441\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid201916443\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
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}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1063\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid11536430\charrsid3109452 SAVERANI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs22\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid4874563\charrsid3109452 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 APPELLANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid4874563\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1063\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-850\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\insrsid11536430\charrsid3109452 BETI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 
\par RESPONDENT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-850\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh754\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Appearances:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 Mr. G. O' Driscoll for the Appellant. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 Ms. M. Rakai for the Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh754\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-547\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Date/Place of judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs22\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 Wednesday, 29th December, 2010 at Suva.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-547\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-628\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Judgment of:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 
The Hon. Justice Anjala Wati.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-628\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1315\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Category:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3109452 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 All identifying information in this judgment ha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid3109452 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 
 been anonymized or removed and pseudonyms have been used for all persons referred to. Any similarities to any persons is purely coincidental.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs22\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7611775 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1315\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3238\clshdrawnil \cellx3130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5688\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-572\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl
\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs32\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7611775\charrsid7948498 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-572\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-2749\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Catchwords
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 
APPEAL - PARENTING ORDERS- APPLICATION FOR VARIATION-Trial Magistrate ordered that the father must have residence of the two children of the marriage-initial orders gave joint residence to the parents-aggrieved at the decision the mother appealed on the g
r
ound that the children's wishes were not taken into account, the social welfare reports not made available before the verdict of the court and that the children' s best interest factors were not considered by the court-what constitutes best interest facto
r
s discussed- also discussed was the means of ascertaining children's wishes-the legislative provisions on social welfare report discussed- the need for a social welfare report in the matter based on the facts of the case also discussed-appeal allowed-matt
er sent back for re-trial before another Magistrate-no order for costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775\charrsid4874563 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-2749\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-976\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 Family Law Act No.18 of 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775\charrsid4874563 \trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-976\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow11\irowband11\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1441\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 /}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 Texts
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid11632372\charrsid3109452 In the Marriage of Rice and Asplund [1979) F.L.C. 90-725.
\par Dickey, A, "Family Law" 4th Edition (2002) Lawbook Co; Sydney.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1120682 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs15\insrsid7611775\charrsid3109452 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7611775\charrsid4874563 \trowd \irow11\irowband11\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1441\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8926\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8140313\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone 
\clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8926\clshdrawnil \cellx8818\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1770981 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1120682 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid2896513 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1120682 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 The Appeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The mother filed an appeal against an order of the trial Magistrate where his worship had on the 15th day of February, 2010, after a defended hearing, varied the order where both parents had joint residence of the children and made residence 
orders in respect of two children of the marriage in favour of the father. Further order was made that the mother was to have contact of the children during the entire summer holidays and that the father was to pay the airfare of the children.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 The Grounds of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
There are 5 grounds of Appeal and they are:-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid15021885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to adhere to his orders of 17th day of November, 2009.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 b.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to call for a welfare officer's report for the children before making a decision as to their residency.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 c.\tab}That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to allow the Social W
elfare Officer time to compile the report.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 d.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to interview the children in order to establish their wishes rather than basing his decision on the evidence of the respondent father.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 e.\tab}That the
 learned Magistrate failed to take into consideration all relevant factors in determining the best interests of the children.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 Orders Sought by Appellant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The appellant seeks an order that the new parenting orders be set aside. In his submission Mr. Gavin
 O'Driscoll also asked for an order for re-trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 The Parties/ Case Background
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The parties were married }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  2000. They separated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 n June, 2006. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 2007 the parties had their marriage dissolved. A conditional order was granted to become final after one m
onth from the date of the order. On this date a further order was made that both parents were to have joint residence of the children. The order was made on an application for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The parties have two children of the marriage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 first child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 , a male, born }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  2002 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 second child, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 also a male, born }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15758076 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  2004.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The mother lives in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3109452 Town D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  and the father lives }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 7. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The children were living with the mother and schooling in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3109452 Town D}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  when the trial Magistrate had ordered that their residence be awarded to the father.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The application for variation of the residence order was filed by the father. The mother is the \'b7appellant and the father is the respondent. For convenience sake I shall refer the parties as "mother" and "father".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 Appellants Submission
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The appellant has dealt with grounds 1 to 3 together. The counsel for the appellant submitted that on the 17th day of November, 2009 the court had ordered a social welfare report and made a further order that the full hearing of the c
ustody application be done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
after receipt of the social welfare report. There is a memorandum of 24th December, 2009 sent by the Labasa Court Registry to the Social Welfare Department in Labasa which directs a report to be made. On the 2nd day of February, 
2010 a reminder was sent to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Social Welfare Department in Savusavu whereby the Department was informed that a report was needed before the 15th day of February, 2010 when the matter was going to be called in court next. On the 15th day of February, 2010, the Department of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Social Welfare requested for an adjournment to compile the report because the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Department was still waiting for the required supporting documents and further interviews from respective parties. The report was not made available and his worship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 determined the case. He should have instead adjourned the proceedings and waited for the social welfare report. There is no indication in the judgment why he failed to do this.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The order of 1 7th November, 2009, the memorandum of 24th December, 2009 and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\super\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
February, 2010, all indicate that the proceedings of 13th November, 2009 were not complete without the social welfare report despite which a verdict was delivered.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 10. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
In respect of grounds 4 and 5, the counsel for the appellant submitted that in order to make the orders the learned Magistrate had to take into account the best interest of the children and the factors to be considered are outlined in section 121 of the F
a
mily Law Act No. 18 of 2003. The learned Magistrate failed to take into consideration important factors like the wishes of the children. A social welfare report or interview by the Magistrate should have ascertained the wishes of the children. The counsel
 further submitted that another factor that was not considered was the relationship of the children with the fathers' new partner.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 11. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Mr. O' Driscoll further submitted that the judgment falls short of explaining and giving reasons why a later application 
for variation was entertained; there was nothing to show that the earlier orders were not workable. It was contended that in applications for variation of parenting orders, one has to show some change in circumstances and this was not done by the responde
nt or the Magistrate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 The Respondents Submission
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 12. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The order for social welfare report was made after the hearing of the residence orders. They were made in relation to ex-parte orders sought by the applicant for a surety for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 the safe return of children 
of the marriage. It had nothing to do with the hearing of the application for variation of parenting order. The appellant could have called for a social welfare report if she so wished to rely on the same. It was the appellants' duty to present all the ev
idence that she wanted the court to consider.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 13. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Wishes of children are important but it is not the determining factor. The Magistrate exercised his discretion in not ascertaining the wishes of the children as they are only aged 6 and 8 years and there was ample evidence on wishes of the children.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 14. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
On ground 5, the respondent submitted that it does not constitute a ground at all since it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
is simply a way of saying that the Magistrate's decision was wrong.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4874563 The Determination
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 15. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 I will first deal with gr
ounds 1 to 3 which relates to ordering of social welfare report after hearing of the matter and the delivery of the judgment without waiting for the report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 16. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
On the 2nd day of March, 2009, the respondent father filed an application for variation of the
 parenting order in respect of the two children of the marriage. The matter was first listed and called in court on the 13th day of March, 2009. On this day the learned Magistrate ordered that the matter be heard on the 13th day of November, 2009. On the 
13th day of November, 2009 the matter was heard and adjourned for ruling on the 24th day of December, 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 17. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
On the 17th day of November, 2009 the mother made an application to the court seeking an order that the father be allowed to take the children out of the jurisdiction to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid7888100 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 country }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 and return them to the mother on or before 26th January, 2010. She sought a further order that a surety be provided by the respondent for compliance with the orders prior to the removal of the children. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Crucia
l to this application was the application by the mother whereby she sought an order that a full hearing of the custody application be conducted after the receipt of the social welfare report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  She supported her this application with reasons in the affidavit and her reasons were:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
"1. That on Friday the 13th day of November, 2009 I attended Family Court sitting at Savusavu.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
That I was not represented. However my ex-husband was represented by a lawyer. I did not think that I required a lawyer as in the past my ex-husband and I were able to work things out amongst ourselves without legal representations.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 I am informed and verily believe that the hearing was about custody of the children.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 I am informed and verily believe that a welfare officer's report w
as not made available to the court..."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013 18. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The application was heard in absence of the father on the 17th day of November, 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 and amongst other orders was granted an order that:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 "That the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\ul\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 full hearing of the custody application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  be conducted after receipt of Welfare Officer's Report".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271\charrsid4327271 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4327271 Underlining is Mine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271\charrsid4327271 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid4327271 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 19. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The orders were made by the same Magistrate who heard the case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11496013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The matter was not called in court as scheduled for judgment on 
the 24th day of December, 2009. However the matter was next called in court on the 21st day of January, 2010. I do not see any notes to the effect on the court record as to why the matter was called in court on this date and whether any party was informed
 of the new date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Neither party appeared in court, and his worship after ordering that "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 residence report be provided by Divisional Social Welfare Officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
", adjourned the matter to the very next day of 22nd January, 2010. Again on 22nd January, 2010 neither 
party appeared in court. His worship adjourned the matter to the 15th day of February, 2010 and ordered that Notice of Adjourned Hearing be served on the parties. There was no indication that the day of 15th February, 2010 would be the judgment date. On t
he 15th day of February, 2010 judgment was delivered. Before the judgment was delivered the court registry sent two reminders to the Social Welfare Department. One to the Labasa Office on the 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\super\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11632372\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
day of December, 2009 and the other on the 2nd day of February, 2010. Both the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
reminders asked for welfare officers' report. On the 15th day of February, 2010 the request from the Department of Social Welfare Savusavu was made for an adjournment to obtain documents and interview parties before compilation of the report.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 21. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The order of 17th November, 2009 by his worship does indicate that a report was ordered and full hearing was to take place after receipt of the report. This order was made in absence of the father. It was an error on his worships part to have ma
de this order in absence of the applicant father when the trial in respect of the residence issue had closed and the matter was adjourned for judgment on 24th December, 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 22. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
However, his worship did order a full hearing of the application for variation of parenting order after receipt of the social welfare report. Whether an order is made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 rightly or wrongly, it must be obeyed and followed until such time it is set aside or varied. I believe that the reason why the judgment was not delivered on the 24t
h day of December, 2009 was because of the fresh order for social welfare report and full hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 of the application for variation of parenting order. That is the reason why a reminder was sent to the social welfare office, Labasa, to present the report. On the 21st day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 January\'b7, 2010 his worship again ordered that the residence report be provided. A further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 reminder was sent to the Social Welfare Department on the 2nd day of February, 2010 for submission of the report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 23. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The order
s of his worship are clear indication that he was going to further hear the matter or at least consider the social welfare officers report before giving a verdict. The report was definitely for the purpose of the parenting order application. I reject the 
submission of the counsel for the respondent that it was not in relation to the same. The orders and the record of the court are very clear to this effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 24. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
When the Welfare Officers report did not reach the court, his worship proceeded to give the judgment without waiting for the same.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 25. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The issue is whether his worship should have waited for the social welfare report and granted an adjournment?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 26. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The Magistrate had ordered a full custody hearing after receipt of the welfare report. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013\charrsid11496013 post-trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
 order of the 17th day of November, 2009 indicates that more evidence was to be adduced in the case. In essence, the hearing was to continue. If the report was waited only for the purpose of the judgment than again the hearing was incomplete as the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 parties
 are entitled to clarify matters contained in the social welfare report and give evidence to substantiate or contradict the same. The magistrate cannot consider the report in isolation especially if he is going to use the same as evidence in the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 proceeding
s. Any piece of evidence in courts needs to be tested and proved and the court must not receive evidence behind the back of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 27. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Having made an order to further hear the matter after receipt of the social welfare report, it was improper and erroneous on his worships part to deliver a verdict without receiving the report and completing the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
I have not lost sight of s.54(3) of the Family Law Act No. 18 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3109452 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 f 2003 which states that if a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 report is ordered in proceedings for the care, welf
are and development of the child then the court may "if it thinks is necessary adjourn the proceedings until the report has been given to the court". The use of the words "may" and "if it thinks is necessary"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 indicate that it is the discretion of the court
 to either wait for the report or proceed without the same. However in any judicial proceedings the exercise of the discretion must be a judicial act. In the matter at hand his worship had not only ordered a social welfare report but had also ordered the 
full hearing to take place after the receipt of the report. Having made that order he proceeded to give a judgment without setting aside the earlier orders for full custody hearing. He did not give any reasons why the order he made ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid938130\charrsid11496013 rl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 ier was ignored and w
hy he would not wait for the social welfare report. He should have at least given reasons for not giving any recognition to his earlier orders.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 29. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The social welfare office had also requested for an adjournment. There is no reason recorded in the judgment and the court records as to why the request of the social welfare office for an adjournment was not considered and an adjournment not granted.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 30. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
I understand that presiding officers do not wish to delay their judgments because of incomplete work of other personnel involved in the matter. Family proceedings are such that not only court is involved in the proceedings but welfare officers, child}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
representatives, court and family counsellors and human rights officers often get involved. The resources are s
carce in every department and sometimes it takes some officers' time to complete certain investigations and file reports. This means that everyone in the proceeding has to be vigilant, diligent and patient especially when it comes to matters affecting chi
l
dren as work done in haste without completion of all formalities will at the end of the day affect the children. The obligation of the court is to have regard to the best interest of the children and this best interest of the children is not only consider
ing the section 121 factors of the Family Law Act but also observing and implementing some practical efficient means of considering those factors.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 31. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Section 67 of the Act mandates that before a parenting order is made, the parties to the proceedings must
 attend a conference with a family and child counsellor or a welfare officer to discuss the matter to which the proceedings relate unless it is not practicable to require the parties to do so, or there is an urgent need for a parenting order, or there are
 some other special circumstances such as existence of family violence order which makes it appropriate to make the order even if the parties have not attended the conference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 32. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
His worship has not provided any reasons why he has proceeded to make a parenting order without complying with the general requirement for counselling. His worship erred when he proceeded to make the said orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 33.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 In his judgment his worship states that he did not call for a welfare report because the father resides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  and that even if he had ordered the same the discretion to award residence is his sole prerogative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 34. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
His worship is not correct in saying that he did not order a report. The court record is clear that he did albeit not before or during the hearing but after the hearing and before the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 35. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
I am also surprised at the comments of his worship that "
However, as far as I am concerned, although I may receive the Residence Report in the evidence, if requested, no matter how persuasive the report is, the discretion to award residence remains my sole prerogative". A residence report will not make any find
i
ng of who shall have the residence of the children. It may contain recommendations if the court asks for the same. It is made after investigation on matters that are relevant. It is received in evidence and like any evidence; the court may accept or rejec
t it. The court is the ultimate judge of the cause. However this does not mean that because it is the prerogative of the court to judge the cause, evidence should not be received or must not be received.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 36.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
I turn to the respondents' submission that the ap
pellant should have asked for welfare report at the time of the hearing. She did not do so and she cannot now complain that the welfare officers' report was not awaited and taken into consideration. I reject this submission. When the appellant realised th
a
t there was no report by the social welfare officer, she immediately, within 4 days, made an application to the court for a report to be ordered and full hearing to take place. After considering the application, the orders were granted. The issue then is,
 why were the orders not respected and judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
delivered in defiance of the existing orders? This is where his worship fell in error. I uphold grounds 1 and 3 of the appeal and allow the same. Ground 2 states that the Magistrate failed in calling for a soc
ial welfare report. This ground is inconsistent with ground 1 and 3. In any event, the court record is clear that his worship did call for social welfare report.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 37. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
I will now deal with grounds 4 and 5 combined. Grounds 4 and 5 basically state that his worship did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid938130\charrsid11496013 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 ot consider the best interest of children factors out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid938130\charrsid11496013 lin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
ed in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid938130\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 section 121 of the Family Law Act, 2003.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 38. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
When making parenting orders the court must regard the best interest of the child as paramount consideration: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 s. 66 (4) of the Family Law Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 39. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
A residence and contact order is a parenting order: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 s. 63(2), (3) and (4) of the Family Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 40. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The court has powers to make orders varying earlier parenting orders: s. 66 (2) of the Family Law Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 41. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
A variation of a parenting order is in essence a parenting order: s. 63(1) (b) of the Family Law Act 2003.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 42. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Section 121(2) of the Family Law Act outlines the best interest factors. I will take each factor and examine whether the same was taken into consideration by his worship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 43. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 "A
 court must consider any wishes expressed by the child and any factors (such as the child's maturity and level of understanding) that the court thinks that are relevant to the weight it should give to the child's wishes".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 44. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid11496013 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
One of the reasons why his wo
rship gave the residence of the children to the father was that the children had expressed the view to be with the father. This view was given to the Magistrate by the father through evidence in court. His worship said "my decision firstly stems from the 
children's view to be with the Applicant. Despite the children's absence to give evidence on which of the parties they wish to reside with I am convinced and chose to accept the Applicant's evidence over the Respondent".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10236553 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 45. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The question that arises is whe
ther ascertaining the wishes of the children through evidence by the father is proper and should have been allowed. S. 122 (1) of the Family Law Act provides that the court may inform itself of wishes expressed by a child by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 having regard to anything conta
ined in a report given to the court under section 54(2). It also provides that, subject to the Rules of the Court, the court may inform itself of the wishes of the child by such other means as it thinks appropriate. The Act does not specify the other mean
s by which a court may ascertain wishes of a child. The various case authorities however are of assistance and upon perusal it is apparent that the other means are:-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sb200\sa240\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid10236553\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Permitting a child to give formal evidence, either orally as witness or by affidavit. One must however note thats.186 of the Family Law Act prohibits:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li1071\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1071\itap0\pararsid10236553\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Any child in a court room except a child who is a party to the proceedings or who is called to give evidence and then only while the child is giving evidence;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 b.\tab}Any calling of child witness without the leave of the court; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 c.\tab}Filing of an affidavit or admitting into evidence affidavit of a child without the leave of the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10236553 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 In deciding whether to give leave 
to call a child to give evidence or to file an affidavit of a child, a court must regard the best interests of the child as the paramount consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid10236553\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 By a private interview by the magistrate in chambers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  The Magistrate may indicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid7888100 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 n court what the wishes of the child are.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
By an interview by the magistrate in the courtroom, in the presence of the parties and their lawyers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
 This procedure is justified as everyone has the benefit of hearing the wishes of the child and their demeanour when expressing s
uch wishes. The parties can then submit on the weight to be given to the wishes of the child considering the child's behaviour as well and whether at the time of the expression of the wishes there was an indication that the child was not having a sufficie
nt level of maturity or understanding to express the wish or whether the child was brainwashed by a parent and so forth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10236553\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
By hearsay evidence presented by a party or a witness (and especially a child psychiatrist or similar expert witness). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 S. 186(3) state
s that "evidence of a representation made by a child about a matter that is relevant to the welfare of the child or of another child, which would not otherwise be admissible as evidence of the law against hearsay, is not inadmissible solely because of the
 law against hearsay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid10236553\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Through the agency of a child's separate legal representative, especially one appointed under section 125 of the Family Law Act.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5339707 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 46. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 It is not improper to adduce the wishes of the children through the evidence of the father. Therefore it is in correct to say that the Learned Magistrate did not consider the wishes of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707\charrsid11496013 children. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The issue is more of whether the father was unambiguous in expressing the wishes of the children in his evidence and whether in the circumstances it was proper to ascertain the wishes of the children in the manner his W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid938130\charrsid11496013 orship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  did.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5328418\charrsid11496013 47. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
n the examination in chief of the father, the notes of which appear at page 97 of the court records, the father gave evidence that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 "children liked to go back to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid7888100 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid4327271  country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 . They never complained about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid7888100 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 . They have been complaining about coming back to Fiji".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
 In the cross examination notes of the father, there is a piece of evidence recorded at page 99 of the record which states that "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
children don't know what they want. They want to please both parents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
". It is not clear as to who gave this evidence. It appears to be a statement of the father as it is recorded under his cross \'ad examination notes. However it could also be the evidence of 
the mother as there are certain statements recorded under the fathers cross examination notes which indicate that the statement is the mothers and not the fathers. If it is the fathers' evidence, then there is in consistency in the evidence and it was imp
r
oper to accept the fathers' version on the children's wishes. Further, the mother contradicted the fathers evidence and said that the "children were not upset with their life in Fiji". I appreciate that it is the prerogative of the trial Magistrate to acc
e
pt or reject a piece of evidence looking at the demeanour and the deportment of the witness and the entire evidence in the case. His worship preferred the fathers' evidence on this aspect of children's wishes without indicating why he rejected the mothers
' evidence. Given the contradiction in the evidence his worship should have employed another method of ascertaining the children wishes. There could have been a social welfare report to the effect or a direct interview or examination of the children.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 48. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
His worship has placed sufficient weight on the factor of wishes of children and if he was to do that, he must have clear, consistent and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12074501\charrsid11496013 uncontradicted}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  evidence on the children's wishes.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 49. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12074501\charrsid11496013 Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  4 succeeds in that the wishes of the children were not ascertained duly and properly based on the facts of the matter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
est interest factor that the court must take into account is the nature of the relationship of the children with each of the parents and with other persons. The record does not
 say anything on the children's relationship with each parent. How attached they are to each parent, the bonding they have with each parent, the level of discipline with each parent and so forth. There is one statement under the fathers cross examination 
notes to the effect that the father is a wonderful father. Apart from this there is nothi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
g on this crucial factor that has been recorded. There also should have been evidence of the children's relationship with the father's partner because she would be an 
important person in the children's life as evidence is that she would be looking after them. The court has to look at this relationship to ensure whether it would be in the interest of the children to be with the father because of the presence of the part
ner. There is a fatal shortfall in the evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 51. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The third factor is the likely changes in the child's circumstances, including the likely effect on the child of any separation from either of his or her parents or any other child, or other person, with
 whom the child has been living. There is evidence on the effect on children if they stay in Fiji longer and not go }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 to the overseas country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 . The main issue was that the children's education will be affected. Much emphasis has been given on children's educa
tion. However there is an overlook on the part of the counsel, the parties and the court to ascertain evidence on the effect of the children separating from each parent and with the mother with whom the children had been living with when the trial took pl
ace.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 52.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Another best interest factor is the "practical difficulty and expense of a child having contact with a parent and whether that difficulty or expense will substantially affect the child's right to maintain personal relations and direct contact with 
both parents on regular basis". There is enough evidence on this aspect that both parents have the means and the willingness to facilitate contact. Evidence was properly adduced in this instance.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 53. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
There should also be consideration of "the capacity of 
each parent, or of any other person, to provide for the needs of the child, including emotional and intellectual needs". There is evidence on the parties' ability to provide for the needs of the children in terms of finance but there is no evidence on the
 capacity of each parent to provide emotional and intellectual support. However his worship goes on to record in his judgment that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 it is apparent that the parties love and adore the children and wants to contribute in one way or another, if not solely, tow
ards the welfare of the children. Both are seeking residence of the children. At the same time, both are not denying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 contact or access by the other parent to the children. It is also apparent that the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 are in equally good position to provide good li
fe, good household, good health and good family to the children. I am also convinced that the parties wishes to see their children obtaining the best education whether in Fiji or in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 
the overseas country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
. It appears that there was some evidence given and not recorded for his worship to have come to an assessment of such a nature.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 54. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Anoth}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  factor the court has to consider is the "Child's maturity,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 sex and background (including any need to maintain a co
nnection with the lifestyle, culture and traditions of the child)". The court did consider the children's age and sex and their background and the need for them to be in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid7888100 verseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 country }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 to learn their language and maintain a steady education. Evidence is also apt on this factor.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 55. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The other factor that the court needs to consider is the need to protect the children form physical or psychological harm that may be caused by being subjected or exposed to abuse, ill-treatment, violence or other behaviou
r or being directly or indirectly exposed to abuse, ill-treatment, violence or other behaviour that is directed towards, or may affect, another person. In the evidence recorded under father's cross - examination notes at page 99, it is recorded "Concern-c
h
ildren not to be hurt". I do not know whose evidence that was, whether it was the fathers or the mothers. Whoever had said that was concerned about the children being protected from being hurt. His worship failed to give any consideration to that evidence
 and the factor that specifically requires that evidence to be taken into consideration for the best interest of the children.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 56. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The court must also consider the attitude to the child, and to the responsibilities of parenthood, demonstrated by each of the child's parents. The court has considered this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 factor and as I have said it is recorded in his worships judgment and the excerpt appears in paragraph 53 of my judgment.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 57. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The other factor the court must consider is if there is any family violence orde
r that involves or applies to a child or a member of the child's family. The record shows that there was no such order and therefore there was no need for emphasis on this factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 58. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Succinctly, all the best interest factors have not been taken into consideration. It is for the parties and the counsels to present their case in accordance with all the factors and for the court to consider them. If the parties do not present evidence th
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 court must direct them to present evidence on each factor so that
 it is properly able to assess the interest of the children. Generally, it is not the duty of the court to hunt for evidence and assess the matter before it. The onus is normally on the parties. However section 121 of the Act mandates the court to conside
r all the factors, thus, the court must call upon the parties to give evidence and submit on all such factors to assist the court in arriving at a proper verdict.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 59. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Grounds 4 and 5 succeed for the above reasons.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5339707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 60. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 I must also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 briefly deal with Mr. Driscoll'}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
s submission that the application was for variation of parenting order and both the father and the court must indicate why the applicant was entertained. Was the initial order not workable? Mr. Driscoll submitted that neither the father nor the court
 showed any change in circumstances of the parent s or the children to entertain such an application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 61. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
There are no statutory grounds upon which a court may vary a parenting order. The Full Court of the Family Court in the case of In the Marriage of Ri
ce and Asplund (1979) F.L.C. 90-725 at 78,905 m ad e it clear that the court should not entertain proceedings to vary such an order lightly. What normally needs to be established before a court will con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 ider varying an existing parenting order is either a 
subsequent change in the circumstances of one of the parties or of the child which makes it in the interests of the child to review the original order, or an awareness of a factor relating to the welfare of the child which was not disclosed to the court a
t the original hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 62. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
There are so many problems with the initial order. First it was made in divorce proceedings when it should not have been made. In divorce proceedings ancillary issues must be dealt with separately. Secondly the order was made by consent and no regard to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
the best interest factors was made. By virtue of s. 121 (3) of the Family Law Act, "if a court is considering whether to make an order with the consent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 
 all the parties to the proceedi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 ngs, the court may, but is not required to, 
have regard to all or any of the matters set out in subsection 2" (the best interest factors). It is in the discretion of the court whether or not to take into account the best interest factors when it is proposing to make consent orders. In this case the
 
court did not take into account the best interest factors but it just made the consent orders. So, in the circumstances, a subsequent application to vary the order cannot show a change in the circumstances as no one knows or has the benefit of the circums
tances based on which the initial orders were made. What the court had correctly done was to consider afresh all the factors that determine the best interest of the children as it is also a specific requirement of section 66}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 (4) that the best interest of th
e child be a paramount consideration when any parenting order is made and that includes a variation of a parenting order.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 63. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
Be that as it may, the judgment is clear that a variation application was filed because education in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13255440 verseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271  country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13255440\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
is obtained in German language. The delay in the education would have slowed down the learning progress of the children. It is also obvious that when the initial order was made the children were only 3 and 5 years respectively. They did not attain age for
 schooling. At the time of the hearing of the application for variation, the children had both started school. There definitely was a change in the circumstances of the children for the variation application to be filed and entertained in court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 64. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 His wo
rship had given 3 specific reasons why he changed the orders to awarding residence of the children to the father. The first was based on the wishes of the children. I have dealt with this factor in detail in my judgment. The second was that due to the unc
e
rtainty of their status in Fiji, the children will not be able to concentrate on their academic development and this will cause a lot of unwanted disruptions to their academic growth. I do not see how his worship came to this conclusion safely. There was 
n
o evidence of the children's performance at school by the school or the welfare office. There was also no evidence whether they were mentally instable and what was their position at the time of the trial. Whether they would face disruption and whether the
y
 had any feelings of insecurity regarding their status. There was evidence by the mother that the elder child was a class prefect and came second in class. This definitely does not indicate any disturbance that the children are facing at the moment. It wa
s improper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
inference of the state of mind of the children based on their status in Fiji. There was also insufficient evidence for such an inference to be drawn. The fact could be that the children may not at all be worried about their status. Was their secu
rity linked to the parent or their legal status in Fiji? All this needed discovery.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 65. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
His worship also gave a reason that the environment offered by the father was more conducive for the proper upbringing and development of the children. The only evidence the father gave in regards to the environment was that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6886914\charrsid11496013 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 e children will have their own room in the apartment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 
the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13255440 overseas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13255440\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4327271 country }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 and that the father would offer good household, good education, good health care and good family. The mother gave evide
nce that children have a secure life in Fiji. The children have great friends. The children go to school and play sports like sailing, biking, running, snorkelling. I do not see what conducive environmental factor his worship relied on to reach the conclu
sion he did.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 66. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
This case falls far short of the evidential requirement necessary to make any orders varying the initial parenting plan. Too much emphasis has been placed on the children's education which has not been balanced with other factors. The judg
ment and order cannot stand in light of the above observation.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 67. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
The appeal is allowed. A proper hearing is required based on the same application for variation. An order for re-trial on the same application before another magistrate will justify the circumstances.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 68. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
On the issue of costs, each party is to bear its own costs. Both parents are determined to provide the best to the children of the marriage and thus the application and the appeal. There is no misconduct by the parties in initiating, pros
ecuting and defending the matter. Any orders against any party for costs will not be justified.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid5339707 The Final Orders
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 69.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 The appeal is allowed. The orders of the trial Magistrate is set aside.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5339707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 70. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 A fresh hearing must be conducted by another Magistrate in Savusavu on the same application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3292287 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 71. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid5339707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Each party to bear their own costs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1770981 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid10440460\charrsid11496013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236553 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid3292287\charrsid11496013 ANJALA WATI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981\charrsid11496013 Judge
\par 29.12.2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1770981 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid10440460\charrsid11496013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1770981 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12876694\charrsid11496013 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid3292287\charrsid10236553 To:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs20\insrsid1770981\charrsid10236553 Mr. Gavin O' Driscoll for the Appellant.
\par Ms. Rakai for the Respondent.
\par File Number 07/SAV/0037.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1770981 
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