{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang3081\deflangfe3081\themelang3081\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030303020204}Candara;}
{\f165\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050305030304}Book Antiqua;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f277\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f278\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f280\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f281\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f282\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f283\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f284\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f285\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f617\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f618\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f620\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f621\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f624\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f625\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f667\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f668\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f670\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f671\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f672\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f673\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\f674\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f675\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\f817\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Candara CE;}{\f818\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Candara Cyr;}{\f820\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Candara Greek;}{\f821\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Candara Tur;}
{\f824\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Candara Baltic;}{\f825\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Candara (Vietnamese);}{\f1927\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1928\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}
{\f1930\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1931\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}{\f1934\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}
{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
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\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-635\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-930\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid8998613 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 MAGISTRATES' COURT CASE NUMBER:\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sb260\sa660\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 08/BA/0032\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032341 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-930\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-858\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \cbpat8 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4002179\charrsid13636222 PRITIKA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8998613 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 APPELLANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 
\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-858\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-984\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \cbpat8 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid4002179\charrsid13636222 PRAVESH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8998613 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-984\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh678\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Appearances:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Dr. M. S. Sahu Khan for the appellant. 
\par Ms. Natasha Khan for the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh678\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-547\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Date/Place of hearing:\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Friday, 26th March, 2010 at Lautoka.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032341 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-547\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Date/Place of judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Tuesday, 6th April, 2010 at Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 
\trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-547\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-628\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Judgment of:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Actg. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Justice Anjala Wati.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-628\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Delivered By:\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13636222 
The Hon. Justice Sosefo Inoke.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032341 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-628\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1350\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7168753\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Category:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13636222 \cbpat8 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 All identifying information in this judgment ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs24\insrsid13636222\charrsid13636222 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222  been anonymized or removed and pseudonyms have been used for all persons referred to. Any similarities to any persons is purely coincidental.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 \trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1350\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7168753\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3262\clshdrawnil \cellx3154\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5777\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow11\irowband11\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-572\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs32\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563\charrsid7948498 
\trowd \irow11\irowband11\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-572\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow12\irowband12\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-4820\trleft-108\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid8998613 Catchwords
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 
APPEAL - MARITAL STATUS PROCEEDINGS - application for dissolution of marriage filed by the husband - response filed by wife disputing the date of separation-court also informed verbally that date of separation was disputed-court relies on the date of sepa
r
ation stated in the maintenance application by the wife and grants dissolution of marriage on the grounds that at the time of the grant of the order for dissolution of marriage, the parties had been separated for a period of 12 months and that it was in t
h
e interest of the parties to get a dissolution of marriage as there was no possibility that the parties would ever live together- order granting dissolution appealed-computation of time for dissolution of marriage discussed-courts duty to find out whether
 the marriage has broken down irretrievably - time period when the conditional order should become final discussed- power to reduce time period under special circumstances also discussed - appeal allowed with costs to appellant.
\par COSTS - powers of Family Court to award costs discussed-powers of Family Court to award costs against solicitor personally discussed-opportunity granted to solicitor to show cause why an order for costs should not be made against the solicitor personally.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs15\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563\charrsid12333765 
\trowd \irow12\irowband12\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-4820\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8998613\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow13\irowband13\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1609\trleft-108\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f54\fs22\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Family Law Act No. 18 of 2003. 
\par Family Law Rules 2005.
\par Family Law Regulations 2005.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f54\fs22\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 High Court (Amendment) Rules 1998.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563\charrsid12333765 
\trowd \irow13\irowband13\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-1609\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow14\irowband14\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-2938\trleft-108
\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1
\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af165\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f165\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 Texts
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f54\fs22\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 In the Marriage of Todd (No.2) (1976) 25 F.L.R. 260.
\par In the Marriage of Pavey (1976) 25 F.L.R. 450.
\par In the Marriage of Falk (1977) 29 F L.R. 463.
\par In the Marriage of Wiggins (1976] F.L.C. 90-004.
\par In the Marriage of Bozinovoc (1989) 99 F.L.R. 155
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl386\slmult1\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpg\phmrg\posnegx-16\posy1941\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f54\fs22\insrsid2032341\charrsid13636222 Dickey, A, "Family Law" 4th Edition (2002) Lawbook Co. Sydney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af165\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs22\insrsid1208563\charrsid13636222 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563\charrsid12333765 
\trowd \irow14\irowband14\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh-2938\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\tpvpg\tphmrg\tposnegx-16\tposy1941\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15603802\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12941317 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1208563 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid13636222 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Appeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 This is appeal from the decision of the Ba Magistrate against an order for dissolution of marriage granted }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8998613 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988  March, 2009.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
His worship had ordered on the day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8998613 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
 March, 2009 that a conditional order be granted dissolving the marriage of the parties and that the order was to become final within 28 days of the grant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The conditional order was issued by the registry on the 10th day of March, 2009.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The sealing of the final order was suspended. The court was informed by Dr. Khan that he obtained an order for stay against the grant of a final order. Apparently there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 was nothing in the file or the court record which gave me any indication that the order granted by his worship was stayed at any point in time.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The appeal is opposed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Grounds of Appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The grounds of appeal as outlined in the Notice of Appeal are as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Learned Trial Magistrate had no 
jurisdiction to grant the dissolution of Marriage when 12 months had not expired from the date of separation and the filing of the application for Dissolution of Marriage by the respondent particularly when the counsel for the Appellant specifically raise
d an objection as to this issue.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The learned Trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in holding that he could take into account facts of the period after the filing of the application for Dissolution of Marriage by the appellant and this particularly 
when Counsel for the Appellant specifically raised objection as to this issue.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Learned Trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in not taking relevant matters into account and taking irrelevant matters into account in making his decision.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The 
decision of the Learned Trial Magistrate is unreasonable and cannot be supported having regard to the clear Mandatory Provisions of the Family Law Act 2003.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Learned Trial Magistrate had no jurisdiction to make the order that the Conditional Order would become final after the expiring of 28 days as had been done.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Learned Trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in making the decision without hearing any evidence particularly Oral Evidence when Counsel for the appellant specifically required him to do so".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Orders Sought
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 7. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The appellant seeks the following orders in this appeal:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15603802 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988  That the order by the Learned Trial Magistrate for the dissolution of the Marriage of the Appellant and the Respondent be set aside.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
That the Decree Nisi not be made absolute until the determination of the Appeal and/or further Order of the court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
That the respondent do pay costs on indemnity basis as the Application at the hearing by the respondent was absolutely frivolous and without any ground whatsoever".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Reference to Parties.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The husband was the applicant in the dissolution of marriage proceeding and was represented by Ms. Khan. He is the res
pondent in the appeal. I shall refer to the origin al applicant/ respondent as the "husband" throughout my judgment. The original respondent/ appellant, the wife, who was and is represented by Dr. Khan shall be referred to as the "wife". This is done for 
reasons of convenience and to comply with the rule restricting publication of proceedings identifying a party to the proceeding: s. 210 (1) (a) and s. 210 (2) (a) (i) of the Family Law Act No. 18 of 2003.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Appellant's Submission.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 In support of his appeal, Dr. Sahu Khan succinctly submitted as follows:-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid2167666 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 The application for dissolution of marriage was filed on the 29th day of February, 2008, in which the husband had indicated that the parties had separated on the 20th day of February, 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13636222 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 b.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 In resp
onse to the application for dissolution of marriage, he filed a response on behalf of the wife wherein he had specifically said that the parties had not been separated for a period of 12 months and that the Magistrate in light of that had no jurisdiction 
to grant the dissolution of marriage. It was also stated that the families had not concluded the marriage as over.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13636222 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 c.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 
In Court, the separation date was also raised as an issue on numerous occasions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13636222 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 d.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2167666 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 Once the learned Magistrate was 
aware that the date of separation was in issue, he was bound to hear oral evidence and make a determination on the issue which he failed to do. The Magistrate relied on a date of separation provided by the wife in a maintenance application form, in which 
the wife had stated that the date of separation was 23rd August, 2007. Even if this date of 23rd August, 2007 was the date that was properly applied, then the period of separation preceding the date of filing the application would be less than 12}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13636222  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 months as 
the application was filed in February, 2009. The period of separation must not be 12 months preceding the date of filing the application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13636222 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 e.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid2167666 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13636222 
The Magistrate cannot take the date of separation as being 12 months at the date of hearing as the law specifically requires the 12 month period to be met preceding the date of filing the application for dissolution of marriage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13636222 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 f.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb120\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2167666\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Magistrate's power to hear a dissolution of marriage application is derived by section 3 (1) (a); section 21 (1) (a); section 24(1) (b)
 and section 25 (1) of the Family Law Act No. 18 of 2003. Section 30 of the Act requires that the marriage must breakdown irretrievably as evidenced by 12 months separation preceding the date of filing the application for a court to grant dissolution of m
arriage. Since the ground under the Act was not established, his worship had no jurisdiction to grant the dissolution of the marriage.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Respondent's Submission
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 10. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Counsel Ms. Natasha Khan on behalf of the husband submitted the following:-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Under Rule 6.0
7 (1) of the Family Law Rules 2005, any person who wishes to oppose an application for dissolution of marriage must file a response in accordance with Form 4. Part D in Form 4 contains an affidavit which is required to be signed by the wife but she did no
t
 sign it, instead the solicitor for the wife Dr. Khan signed it making the Form 4 defective. Since Form 4 was defective, the only date of separation that was before the court was the date in the application for dissolution of marriage. That date in the ap
plication for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
dissolution of marriage indicated that parties had been separated for 12 months preceding the date of filing the application and so the magistrate was right in granting an order for dissolution of marriage based on the date outlined in the app
lication for dissolution of marriage.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid2167666 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 In light of the defective Form 4, there was
 no need to hear the evidence. In any event Dr. Khan should have been in a position to be able to present evidence which he was not because he sought an adjournment from the court. His client was not present either, to present evidence on the separation d
ate so the Magistrate was quite correct in dealing with the matter on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
the documents available before him.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Magistrate had not relied on the date of separation in the application for maintenance filed by the wife but if he did then he was still correct
 in granting the dissolution as the time when the order for dissolution of marriage was granted, the 12 months period was already met. It was further argued that under Rule 5.01 of the Family Law Rules, the court had the powers to waive the requirement of
 12 months separation period preceding the date of filing the application and rely on the 12 months separation period as at the date of granting of the application for dissolution of marriage.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Appellant's Submission In Reply
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 11. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
In response to the submission by Ms. Natasha Khan, Dr. Khan raised the following:-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-357\li714\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin714\itap0\pararsid15603802 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 He had never asked for an adjournment from the court. He agrees that his client was not present in court but he stated that he did not need his client as he was confident that he could establish hi
s case by way of cross-examination of the husband who would have been cross examined on the date of separation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
No objection was taken on the defective Form 4 as it is raised now. In any event, Regulation 7 of the Family Law Regulations 2005 states that non\'ad
compliance with the Regulations or the Rules does not render proceedings void unless the court so directs. In exercising its discretion under the Regulation, the court must have regard to the real merits of the case, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 minimizing of expense, and whe
ther any party to the proceedings has suffered injustice or has been prejudicially affected by non-compliance. The Magistrate had not rendered the proceedings void although the Form 4 was signed by him but the signing of the form by him does not affect th
e merits of the case. It did bring to the attention of the parties and the court the fact that the date of separation was in challenge and as such there should have been a hearing on merits instead of determination of the issue on papers.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Determination 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
All the grounds need to be discussed together as they are inter-related and overlap.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 13. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
By virtue of section 21 (1) (a) and section 24 (1) (b) of the Family Law Act No. 18 of 2003 hereinafter referred to as the "Act", the Magistrates' Court has power to hear and determine an application for a matrimonial cause.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 14. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
By virtue of section 2 of the Act, matrimonial cause means to include proceedings between the parties to a marriage, or by the parties to a marriage, for an order for dissolution of marriage.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 15. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Section 2 of the Act reads as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"2 (1)...."matrimonial cause" means-
\par (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988\charrsid13329988 Proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
 between the parties to a marriage, or by the parties to a marriage, for an order of -
\par (i) dissolution of marriage; or..."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 16. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Section 21(1) (a) of the Act reads as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"21 (1). The Family Division of the Magistrates' Court has jurisdiction in-matrimonial causes and all other matters instituted or continued under this Act; ..."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Section 24 (1) (b) of the Act states that:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "24 (1). Subject to
 this part a person may institute a matrimonial cause under this Act-
\par (a) ...In the Family Division of the Magistrates' Court."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 18. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The issue raised by Dr. Khan is that although the magistrate had the powers to hear the application for dissolution of marr
iage, he did not have powers to grant an order for dissolution of marriage. In order to determine this issue I have to look at the grounds for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 19. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The ground for dissolution of marriage is outlined in section 30 of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1861199\charrsid13329988 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
e Act and I shall recite the entire section in full as it is of so much relevance and the entire appeal hinges on this section.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13329988 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Section 30 of the Act reads as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"30 (1). An application under this Act by a party to a marriage for an order for dissolution of the marriage must be based on the ground that the marriage has broken down irretrievably.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Subject to subsection (3), in a proceeding instituted by an application, the ground will be held to have been established, and an order for dissolut
ion of marriage must be made, if, and only if, the court is satisfied that the parties have separated and have thereafter lived separately and apart for a continuous period of not less than 12 months immediately preceding the date of filing of the applica
tion for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
An order for dissolution of marriage will not be made if the court is satisfied that there is reasonable likelihood of cohabitation being resumed".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 21. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 It might appear from an initial reading of s. 30(1) and (2) that an initial question to be asked in respect of these two sub}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid13968411\charrsid13329988 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
ections is whether the effect of subs. (2) is that 12 months' separation alone establishes their retrievable breakdown of marriage for the purposes of subs. (1), or whether it must be demonstrated 
that both the marriage has broken down irretrievably and that the parties have separated for not less than 12 months. I must say that there is only one requirement for the dissolution of marriage. This is the irretrievable breakdown of marriage as establi
shed by the fact that the matrimonial relationsh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
p between the parties has effectively broken down for at least}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 12 months: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Dickey, A, "Family Law" 4th Edition (2002) Lawbook Co. Sydney at page 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 22. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Having stated what the ground for dissolution of marriage is, I will now have to determine whether this ground for dissolution of marriage was met when his worship granted the conditional order for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The app}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 cation for dissolution of marriage was filed on the 29th day of February, 
2008. The application states the date of separation to be the 20th February, 2007. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
also states that the husband regarded this date as the date when the marriage was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
over. The application also states that the husband had attempted to contact the wife to revive the marriage but the wife had not been forthcoming. Both families had met and concluded that the marriage be dissolved.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 24. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
In response to the application for dissolution of marriage, Dr. Khan filed a response on the 29th day of February, 2008 in the prescribed Form 4 in accordance with the rules. The response states as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"l. That we have not been separated for minimum period of 12 months as claimed by the applicant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Accordingly, this Honourable Court has no jurisdiction to grant the appl
ication for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 It is also false that both families concluded that the marriage be dissolved."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 25. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The application for dissolution of marriage was listed in court for the first time on the 6th day of May, 2008. On this day her wors
hip adjourned the matter to the 17th day of June, 2008 to fix a date of hearing of the application on the issue of date of separation. After that the matter got adjourned on various occasion, most}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 adjournments being due to the fact that the magistrate was not available to deal with the matter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 26. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
On 5th March, 2009 Ms. Natasha Khan advised the court that she wished to proceed with her application for dissolution of marriage. She told the court that the dates in the application for dissolution of marriage,
 the response and the maintenance application all indicated that the parties have been separated for over a year.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 27. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Dr. Khan advised the court that the application for dissolution of marriage was challenged on the grounds that the separation date was di
sputed. The court then remarked to Dr. Khan as appears from page 5 of the Magistrates' minutes in the court records that even in Dr. Khan's application for maintenance for his client the date of separation was 23rd August, 2007 which indicated that the pa
r
ties have been separated for a period of over a year as at the 5th day of March, 2009. Dr. Khan maintained his objection that dissolution of marriage cannot be granted on the application still because the date of separation was in issue. Ms. Natasha Khan 
t
hen said that the Family Law Act gave the husband liberty to apply for 4fvorce as of right after the expiry of one year. She added that she saw no reason why the dissolution could not be granted. Dr. Khan then added that he was also objecting because the 
interim maintenance as ordered was not paid and the items were not returned to her. The husband was in contempt as a result. Ms. Khan replied and said that they had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 written to Dr. Khan on the 5th February, 2009 to advise his client to make arrangements to p
ick her items and the wife had failed to do that. The maintenance could be updated as it was sitting in her trust account. The principles of contempt did not apply as it was a new application for dissolution of marriage. Dr. Khan then replied that the cou
rt had no jurisdiction to grant the divorce.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 After hearing the parties, his worship gave a very brief ruling as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"The parties have come again before the court this morning for the granting of dissolution orders.
\par Dr. Khan for the respondent lady vehemently objects to the granting of the Divorce Orders simply because they have filed a response disputing the alleged date of separation on 20/02/07 by the Applicant Man.
\par This application for dissolution was filed on 29/02/2008. The matter was listed for 6/5/2008.
\par When the matter was called on 6/5/2008 the Magistrate noted that the matter will be set for Hearing on the issue of date of separation.
\par Then there were several adjournments as no Magistrate was available.
\par On the 9/4/2008 respondent/lady filed an application for maintenance. On this maintenance application she cited the date of separation as 23/08/07. This, on the Form is cited as the final date of separation.
\par Meanwhile the matter had been continuously listed for maintenance application by the respondent/lady and dissolution application by the applicant/man.
\par On 25/11/08, due to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557\charrsid13329988 non-appearance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
 of the applicant/man for the maintenance application, orders of interim maintenance were given in favour of the respondent/lady. The court considered the date of separation of, 23/08/07 on her application as the final date of separation.
\par I don't find any reason why I should not take this as the date of separation even for the dissolution application.
\par The applicant/man is consenting to this even if the court is going to take the 23/08/07 as the date of separation. They are still entitled to their divorce.
\par T
he only issue in the response of the respondent/lady on the dissolution application was date of separation. She has clarified that on her application for maintenance on which she has interim orders of. I can't see how she can expand on that on a hearing o
f the dissolution application to such an effect that dissolution won't be granted.
\par Further there is no indication whatsoever that parties will get back together. The respondent/lady is already in Australia with child.
\par The greater issues here are maintenance and matrimonial property. There is no point on holding the parties from moving forward in bringing this marriage to an end.
\par Even though the applicant/man has not paid into Court the orders of interim maintenance, I am told by his solicitors that that will be done tomorrow as the monies are in their trust account.
\par The non payment of interim maintenance can be dealt with in a separate way. Therefore the marriage between the applicant/man and the respondent/lady is hereby dissolved.
\par Decree nisi will become absolute within 28 days".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 29. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
It is very clear from the record and the ruling that Dr. Khan had made it known to Ms. Khan, her client and the Court that he was challenging the date of separation and the jurisdiction of the court to grant dissolution of marr
iage. He had said that in his response form and he said it in court over and over again. His worship also acknowledged that in his ruling:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"Dr. Khan for the respondent lady vehemently objects to the granting of the Divorce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Orders simply because they have filed a response disputing the,, alleged date of separation on 20/02/07 by the Applicant Man".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 30. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The court record is also clear that his worship did not hear evidence on the date of separation. He chose to deal with the matter on papers. He chose to tak
e the date of separation stated by the lady in her maintenance application so that the lady could not herself raise any challenge to the date of separation after having stated in her application that the final date of separation was the 23rd day August, 2
0
07.His worship was of the view that no hearing was needed if the date of separation stated by the wife was taken instead of the date of separation by the husband. His worship specifically mentioned in his ruling that he does see fit to hear the case as th
e wife will not be able to expand on the date of separation as she had already committed herself by giving a final date of separation in her application for maintenance.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 31. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I must say that once the court is made aware that the date of separation is in dispute, the Court must then, to be able to establish the actual date of separation, hear the parties on the\'b7
 date of separation. His worship grossly erred when he failed to ensure that the disputed ground for dissolution of marriage was established before granting an order dissolving the marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 32. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The date of separation in the maintenance application must not be equated with the date of separation in a dissolution of marriage application. In a maintenance application, the date of separation usually means
 the date on which one party has fin all y stopped providing for the family since the liability only starts when one party ceases in his or her obligation to maintain the other party and/or the child (ren). The date therefore could be a date when the part
ies still cohabit together but the financial support ceases or it could also be a date of physical separation. A person can still apply for maintenance if the earning partner has stopped providing for the family but has still maintained the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 marriage in othe
r aspects. The person applying for the maintenance relief who states the date of separation in the maintenance application is the person who would clarify what is meant by that date of separation. The court cannot speculate that that is the date when the 
p
arties have regarded their marriage as over specially when it made known to the court that the date of separation provided for by the husband is not proper or disputed or that 12 months separation period preceding the date of filing the application has no
t been met
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 33. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The notion of "separation" in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
s. 30 of the Act concerns not only physical separation but the effective breakdown of the matrimonial relationship, or "consortium vitae" (literally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "partnership of life") as it is sometimes referred to.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 34. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Th
e modern classic statement of what constitutes separation for the purposes of s. 30 is that by Watson J. in In the Marriage of Todd (No .2) (1976) 25 F. L. R. 260 at 262, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2361145\charrsid13329988 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 was subsequently cited with approval with just two minor amendments by the Full
 Court of the Family Court in In the Marriage of Pavey (1976) 25 F. L. R. 450 at 453-456 (this amended statement was subsequently referred to with approval by the Full Court of the Family Court in In the Marriage of Falk (1977) 29 F. L. R. 463 at 470).

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "'S
eparation' means more than physical separation - it involves the breakdown of the marital relationship (the consortium vitae). Separation can only occur in the sense used by the Act where one or both of the spouses form the intention to sever or not to re
s
ume the marital relationship and act on that intention, or alternatively act as if the marital relationship has been severed. What comprises the marital relationship for each couple will vary. Marriage involves many elements some or all of which may be pr
e
sent in a particular marriage-element s such as dwelling under the same roof, sexual intercourse, mutual society and protection, recognition of the existence of the marriage by both spouses in public and private relationships, and the nurture and support 
of the children of the marriage ".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 35. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
With the above notion, any problem concerning the relationship between subsections (1) and (2) disappears. Taken together, these two subsections state that a decree of dissolution is now based on the irretrievable bre
akdown of marriage as established by effective breakdown of the matrimonial relationship for a period of not less than 12 month s immediately preceding the date of filing of the application for dissolution: In the Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 rri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 age of Wiggins (1976) F. L. C. 90-004 at 75,065. Sub section (2) thus does little more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
than require a minimum period of time for which a matrimonial relationship must have been broken down before a court can find that the marriage has broken down irretrievably.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 36. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
In this case, the minimum 
period of 12 months separation was in challenge and to make a finding of irretrievable breakdown of marriage the parties needed to give evidence on the date of separation. His worship failed to take evidence from the parties and decided to use the date in
 
the application for maintenance. There was also no clarification obtained under oath as to what the wife meant to be the date of separation in her maintenance application. Was it the date of physical separation or was it the date on which the man stopped 
providing support financially to her and the child. All this must have been clarified under oath and as such a hearing on the issue of separation date was essential.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 37. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I do not see how Ms. Natasha Khan can say that the separation date in the maintenance 
application was not the date that his worship took into account when granting the dissolution of marriage. The plain reading of his worship's ruling indicates that he just relied on the date of separation in the maintenance application. Comments of nature
 
by Ms. Khan that such date was not relied on by his worship is either a deliberate misreading of the ruling to suit the counsels submission or a deliberate misleading of the Court with the hope that the court may also misread to counsels advantage. Why wo
uld his worship make comments like:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"On the 9/4/2008 respondent/lady filed an application for maintenance. On this maintenance application she cited the date of separation as 23/08/07. This, on the Form is cited as the final date of separation.
\par Meanwhile the matter had been continuously listed for maintenance application by the respondent/lady and dissolution application by the applicant/man.
\par On 25/11/08, due to the non appearance of the applicant/man for the maintenance application, orders of interim maint
enance were given in favour of the respondent/lady. The court considered the date of separation of 23/08/07 on her application as the final date of separation.
\par I don't find any reason why I should not take this as the date of separation even for the dissolution application.
\par The applicant/man is consenting to this even if the court is going to take the 23/08/07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
as the date of separation. They are still entitled to their divorce.
\par The only issue in the response of the respondent/lady on the dissolution applica
tion was date of separation. She has clarified that on her application for maintenance on which she has interim orders of. I can't see how she can expand on that on a hearing of the dissolution application to such an effect that dissolution won't be grant
ed".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 38. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Ms. Khan stated that the court did not need to hear the evidence as Form 4 was defective for want of being signed by the wife. It was contended that the signing of the Form 4 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 the counsel instead of the wife made the response defective which was
 not entitled to be used in the proceeding. It was further argued that since the only evidence of the date of separation was in Form 1 which was not disputed at all because of any proper response form, there then was no need to hear the case. It was also 
s
aid that the date in the maintenance application was another date of separation which the magistrate did not rely on but if he did then he waived the requirement for the grounds outlined in s. 30 as Rule 5.01 provides for dispensation of compliance with r
ules by Court. Ms. Khan further added that when the matter was heard the requirement for 12 months separation was already met.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 39. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I find Ms. Khan's argument totally absurd. She says that Dr. Khan, by signing the Form 4 made the response defective and as s
uch there was no dispute as to the separation date. Without even dealing with the issue of defective form, I must say that Ms. Khan and the court always knew that Dr. Khan was vehemently challenging the date of separation. One cannot turn a deaf ear to Dr
.
 Khan's repeated submissions that the date of separation was disputed. If Ms. Khan thought that the form was defective and as such no hearing ought to be accorded to the wife despite Dr. Khan otherwise by his oral submissions making it known to the court 
that the separation date was in issue, then of course there is an incursion to the rule of access to justice which shall not be allowed by any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 court of law. The public might think that we have taken leave of our senses.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 40. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I must deal with the issue of who is to sign the form. This may for once and for all clear the issue on procedure.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 41. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Rule 3.07 (2) of the Family Law Rules 2005 states that "strict compliance with the forms in Schedule I is not required and substantial compliance is sufficient". I must
 say that Form 4 that was filed had substantially complied with the rules and as such the Form 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 was valid and proper in its current form. It was before the Court and through it were the objections of the wife on the date of separation. The husband and the
 court could not ignore it and determine the dissolution of marriage application on the date of separation listed either in the application for dissolution of marriage or maintenance application.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 42. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Rule 3.07(7) states that "unless the contrary intention appears, a form or notice pursuant to these Rules may be signed or given by a party or by the solicitor for the party". Is the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 e any contrary intention to this rule?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 43. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Form 4 contains Part D which is headed "your affidavit". It also states in its mandatory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
form that "you must complete the following affidavit. You must sign it in the presence of a Justice of Peace, notary public or lawyer. The person witnessing the affidavit will fill in the place and date". A careful perusal of the form indicates that t
he affidavit is required to be signed by the wife as the reference to the use of the word "you" is to the respondent or the interveners. Part B of Form 4 is headed "About }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6388556\charrsid13329988 you}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988  [the Respondent or Int
ervener]" so definitely the use of the word "you" is referring to a party or the intervener to the proceeding. This may give a contrary intention of the legislature to that of the rule. In this way Ms. Khan' s that part of the argument that Form 4 must ha
ve been signed by the wife is not wholly without substance. However the signing of the form by Dr. Khan does not make the form defective as there is no need for strict compliance as long as there is substantial compliance.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 44. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
If this defective form was an
 issue for Ms. Khan then she should have raised this in the lower court so that Dr. Khan was aware that the propriety of the response was in issue. The court would then have had to determine whether it was going to allow use of Form 4 or not or what order
s it was going to make to meet the interest of justice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 45. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
By virtue of Rules 5.01 and 5.02 of the Family Law Rules, the court has powers to either dispense with the compliance of the rules either before or after the occasion for compliance has arisen or 
for non-compliance dismiss the application or response, or stay the proceedings or make any other order it considers fit. No objection on Form 4 was taken and no orders were made under Rules 5.01 or 5.02 and as such Form 4 could not be assumed as rendered
 void.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 46. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Regulation 7(1) of the Family Law Regulations 2005 also states that non-compliance with a rule of procedure does not render proceedings void unless court so directs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 47. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I do not see how Ms. Khan would have suffered any injustice by Dr. Khan signing Form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
4. The merits of the case would remain the same irrespective of who signed the form. If there was anyone to suffer hardship by Dr. Khan signing the form then it would have been his client but incidentally the court did not render Form 4 null and
 void so the issue of prejudice to the wife even does not arise.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 48. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Dr. Khan further stated that when the Learned Magistrate took into account the date of separation from the maintenance application the ground even then was not met. Ms. Khan submitted th
at there was 12 months separation as at the date of grant of the order. She further submitted that even if the ground was not met, the magistrate has the power under rule 5.01 to waive the ground.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 49. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I must state the law clearly in regards the time frame
 when the period of 12 months must be met. The party applying for the dissolution must establish that the marriage has broken down irretrievably as established by 12 months separation immediately preceding the date of filing the application. The words spe
cifically used in s. 30(2) are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 "immediately preceding the date of filing"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
. The date of hearing or any other date is therefore immaterial and irrelevant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 50. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The. case of In the Marriage of Bozinovoc (1989) 99 F. L. R. 155 states that in computation of the 
time of 12 months, it must be 12 months preceding the date of filing the application, the date of filing is not to be taken into account. If the rule has been so strictly applied in this case, then the 12 month period as established on the date of hearing
 or grant of the order is out of question.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 51. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I also find Ms. Khans interpretation of Rule 5.01 as totally misconstrued. The rule says that if there is any non-compliance with the rules then the court can dispense with the non-compliance. Even Regulation 7 (1) says that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid6388556\charrsid13329988 non-compliance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
 on a rule of procedure does not render proceedings null. The essence of the Rule and the Regulation is to deal with procedural non-compliance. It cannot be used to invoke or waive a ground giving rise to a matrimonial causes 
proceeding not in accordance with the Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 52.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Section 3 (1) (a) of the Act states that "proceedings by way of matrimonial cause cannot be instituted except under this Act". Section 25 (1) states that "the jurisdiction conferred on a court, or with which 
a court is vested, by this Act must be exercised in accordance with this Act". The ground for dissolution of marriage is stated in the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The court has to exercise its jurisdiction to hear the dissolution of marriage in accordance with the Act. The rules
 cannot dispense with the requirements of the Act as they merely set the procedure to meet the requirements of the Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 53. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
His worship in his ruling had said that the greater issues were maintenance and property settlement. He had also said that there was no point in holding the parties from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 moving forward in bringing the marriage to an end. Emotion and Sympathy and reasons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 of good future of parties must not dispense with mandatory re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1861199\charrsid13329988 q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 uirement that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
marriage must only be dissolved if and only if the marriage of the parties have broken down irretrievably as established by 12 months separation preceding the date of filing the application for dissolution of marriage.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 54. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Ms. Khan stated that Dr. Khan should have been ready to go ahead with the matter and 
that his client should have been present in court. There is nothing on the record to suggest that Dr. Khan was afforded an opportunity to present his case to the court and that he failed to do so or asked for an adjournment. He was not at all given the op
portunity to present the evidence, and, to add to that, he does not have to have his client in court to give evidence on matters he thinks would be clarified by evidence of the husband in cross-examination.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 55. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Since there was no determination of the issue
 as to whether the parties marriage had broken down irretrievably as established by 12 months separation immediately preceding the date of filing the application, the magistrate did not have jurisdiction to grant the dissolution of marriage as he did . Th
e 12 months period that the magistrate computed was erroneous and as such no dissolution of marriage could have been granted on his worships computation of the separation date.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 56. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
His worship also erred when he ordered that the conditional order must beco
me final after 28 days. A conditional order by virtue of 35 (1) of the Act becomes final after a period of one month after the making of the order. Section 35 (2) (b) of the Act empowers the court to reduce the period at the expiration of which the condit
i
onal order shall become final if there are special circumstances. The record shows nothing of what the special circumstances were by virtue of which his worship dispensed with the requirement that the order should become final after a period one month fro
m the grant of the conditional order. His worship erred when he did reduce the time period without the presence of special circumstances.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
For the above reasons I must say that his worship fell in error when:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 a. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 He did not hear the evidence to establish the ground for dissolution of marriage when the date of separation was in issue;

\par b. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
He used the date of separation in the maintenance application form which did not in any way absolutely establish the ground for dissolution of marriage to grant a conditional order for dissolution of marriage;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 c. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
He granted the dissolution of marriage on the ground that the date of separation was the 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
h day of August, 2009 when this date did not meet the 12 month period preceding the date of filing the application for dissolution of marriage;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
He granted the dissolution of marriage on the consideration that the parties need to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
ove on with their lives which was a blatant disregard of the man d a tory requirement of the Family Law Act that matrimonial causes proceedings must only be dealt with in accordance with the Act; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid2369580\charrsid13329988 e. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
He ordered that the conditional order become final in 28 days instead of ordering it to become final after one month without existence of special circumstances.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 58. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
All 'the grounds of appeal are allowed except ground 3 which is a very general ground and no specific argument was raised under this ground. In any event as shortl
y as I may, ground 3 is very poorly drafted. One cannot just draft a general ground of this nature and expect to introduce specific arguments and surprise the other party. Grounds of appeal must specifically allege the error of the lower court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 59. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 I must
 now turn to the issue of costs. Dr. Khan submitted that he claims costs in the sum of $3,500. His reason for asking for that sum is that he had to make an application for stay of his worship's orders; he instructed agents and paid the Suva agents, the le
n
gth of the ruling itself indicates what argument was involved; he had to prepare the substantive appeal application and conduct the argument on the same. He has paid filing fee and hearing fee as well for the appeal. Although Ms. Khan had at one point ind
icated that she would concede the appeal; she did not want to pay costs and he was not ready to let the appeal be determined without the issue of costs being determined.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 60. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Ms. Khan submitted that there should be no costs. She had indicated to Dr. Khan that she would concede to the appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 61. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
In this case I am of the judgment that although the applicant had filed a dissolution of marriage, it was his counsel who always handled the matter when it came to court. She was the one who knew that the separation
 date was in dispute. She is a very senior counsel and she tried to get an order for dissolution of marriage without a hearing. There was no harm to the husband if he presented evidence to prove his case. I do not know why this was not preferred. Having o
btained a dissolution of marriage erroneously, she opposed the appeal very strongly without any merits and I am of the judgment that Dr. Khan has unreasonably incurred costs because of the counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid15603802 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 s failure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 to conduct the proceedings with reasonable competence. Ms Khan's client would expect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1861199\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
to advise him on matters of law that is why he engaged her. If she does not advise him and the case is prolonged and erroneously determined without merits, then the client should not suffer the consequences of a succe
ssful appeal merely on procedure that was not followed by the lower court. In my record there is nothing to suggest that there was a stay application and whether it was opposed. However the appeal was opposed and it went for a hearing. The appeal went for
 hearing on a matter of law and it is not the client who would be instructing solicitors on matters of law. It should be the solicitors who should advise what merits if any the appeal holds on matters of law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 62.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 I am of the judgment that the costs in this
 matter should be paid by counsel Ms. Khan. I urge that the counsels discuss this issue on costs and come to some agreement failing which I will on the next occasion hear from Ms. Khan why she should not be made personally liable to pay the cost.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 63.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 In t
his aspect I am bound by Order 62 rule 11 (4) of the High Court (Amendment) Rules 1998. I get my powers to use Order 62 Rule 11 (4) of the High Court (Amendment) Rules from section 22(2) of the Family Law Act. I must first quote section 22(2) of the Act a
nd then Order 62 Rule (11) (4) of the High Court (Amendment) Rules 1998.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 64. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Section 22 (2) of the Family Law Act states that:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"In so far as the rules of the respective Division are in sufficient, the High Court rules or the Magistrates' court Rules respe
ctively apply (so far as they are capable of such application and subject to any directions of the judge of the Family Division or the Chief Magistrate, as the case may be) to the practice and procedure of the Division".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 65. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Under the Family Law Act there
 is no provision on personal liability of legal representatives for costs so I have to be guided by the High Court Rules.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 66. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Order 62 Rule 11 states, and I quote the material parts of the same:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
"11 (1) ..., where it appears to the court that costs have been incurred unreasonably or improperly in any proceedings or have been wasted by failure to conduct proceedings with reasonable competence and expedition, the Court may-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1446557\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Order-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li1800\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid1446557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The legal representative whom it considers to be r}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 sponsible ( whethe
r personally or through a servant or agent) to repay his client costs which the client has been ordered to pay to any other party to the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 eedings; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 (ii)\tab}The legal representative personally to indemnify such other parties against costs payable by them; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 \hich\af54\dbch\af0\loch\f54 (iii)\tab}The costs as between the legal representative and his client to be disallowed; or...
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Subject to paragraph (5), before an order may be made under para
graph (1) (a) of this rule the Court shall give the legal representative a reasonable opportunity to appear and show cause why an order should not be made.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 67.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Before I make an y orders against the counsel for costs I shall allow her an opportunity under O
rder 62 rule 11 (4) to show cause why an order for costs shall not be made against her personally.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid1446557 Final Orders
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 68. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
For the above reasons, the appeal is allowed on all grounds except ground 3.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 69. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Consequently, I now set aside the conditional order made by his worship on the 5th day of March, 2009.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 70. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
I order the parties to return to the court all original conditional orders that were forwarded to them (if any).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 71. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
The Registry must now endorse on all the conditional orders a note indicating that it is set aside and the date of setting aside.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 72.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 The Form 1 application must now be assigned a date of hearing or call over to fix a date of hearing in the Magistrates' Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 73. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 There shall be costs in favour of the appellant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 74.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
Counsels to agree on costs failing which counsel Ms. Khan to show cause why an order for costs should not be made against her personally.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 75.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 I will also hear the parties on quantum of costs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 76. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Matter adjourned to the 28th day of April, 2010 at 10.00 to determine the issue of costs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 77. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 Orders Accordingly.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15603802 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15603802\charrsid13329988 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15603802 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid8615338\charrsid13329988 ANJALA WATI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid12941317\charrsid13329988 
\par Acting Judge
\par 6.04.2010
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13329988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid1446557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f54\fs24\insrsid15603802 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid8615338\charrsid15603802 TO:
\par 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid12941317\charrsid15603802 DR. M. S. SAHU KHAN OF SAHU KHAN AND SAHU KHAN FOR THE APPELLANT.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid8615338\charrsid15603802 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid12941317\charrsid15603802 MS. NATASHA KHANOFYASHLAW FOR THE RESPONDENT.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1446557 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid12941317\charrsid15603802 3. FILE: 09/BA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid8615338\charrsid15603802 /0001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f54\fs16\insrsid12941317\charrsid15603802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs16\insrsid12941317\charrsid15603802 
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