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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 IN THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS COURT OF FIJI \line AT LAUTOKA -EX
ERCISING APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par 
\par ERC APPEAL NO: 11 of 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 ERT DISPUTE NO: 10 of 2020
\par 
\par BETWEEN             \tab : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid4261279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 NATIONAL UNION OF WORKERS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 APPLICANT-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 APPELLANT
\par 
\par AND \tab \tab \tab : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid4261279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 DANAM (FIJI) PTE LTD
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 -RESPONDENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid88186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par BEFORE\tab \tab : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 \tab A.M. Mohamed Mackie- J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par 
\par COUNSEL \tab \tab : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 \tab Mr. M. Anthony- For the Appellant
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr. N. Kumar -with Ms. R. Prasad for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par DATE OF HEARING\tab :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279  \tab 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279  November 2023.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS: \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 Tendered by both parties on 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279  November 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par DATE OF JUDGMENT\tab :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279  \tab 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279  February 2024 at (10.00 am)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid88186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid88186\charrsid4261279 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 INTRODUCTION:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 This is an Appeal dated and filed on 05}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  November 2021 by the Applicant - Appellant (\'93the Appellant\'94) against the determination
 of the learned Resident Magistrate of the Employment Relations Tribunal in Lautoka in ERT dispute No- 10 of 2020.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 B.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 BACKGROUND:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 The dispute, between the workers represented
 by the Appellant Union and the Respondent Employer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186  (Respondent)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
, was the alleged failure of the Respondent to pay Union members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  the Lautoka COVID -19 Lockdown period from 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  March 2020 to 06}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  April 2020, which consisted of 18 days.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Mediation being attempted between the parties, with the facilitation by the Ministry of Employment and as the same was unsuccessful, the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186  being referred,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  was heard by the Employment Relation Tribunal and the learned Tribunal Magistrate delivered his determination on 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  October 2021 dismissing the Application of the Union.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
It is against the impugned determination of the Tribunal; the Appellant has preferred this Appeal on the following 03 grounds of appeal;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-1134\li1843\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 Ground-1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 - \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
That the learned tribunal erred in fact in paragraphs 21, 32, 33, 34 of his Ruling when he failed to consider that the section 24 ERA Amendment introduced on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435  May 2020 came into effect after the Lautoka Lockdown and does not have retrospective effect. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 Ground-2-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435  \tab 
That the learned Tribunal erred in fact and in law in paragraph 23 of his Ruling that the clause 2 of the ERA (Amendment) Act 2020 only provides clarification on \lquote Act of God\rquote  when in fact it is an amendment to the Act itself.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 Ground-3-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 \tab 
That the learned Tribunal erred in law when it did not consider the principles of   Frustration and Act of God under section 24 of the ERA in determining the obligations of the employer to provide work.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid9989912 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 C.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 HEARING OF APPEAL:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 At the Appeal hearing held before me on 09}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  November 2023, learned counsel for both parties
 orally addressed the court and additionally filed their respective written submissions as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 Submissions by the Appellant\rquote s Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
The contention of the Counsel for the Appellant in relation to the ground of Appeal No-1 is that the Lautoka Lockdown was not an Act of God, it was a resultant effect of the COVID 19 pandemic. It has only been classified as an Act of God as per section 24
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  of the Employment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 elations Act (Amendment), which came into effect only on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 May 2020.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Counsel added further that the amendment came into effect 3 months after the lockdown period when everything had returned to normalcy. Thus, the amended law in this case cannot and does not have retrospective effect
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 In relation to ground No-2, Appellant\rquote 
s Counsel submitted that the amendment to section 24 was a substantive amendment   and not a clarification as cited in the impugned determination. He also submitted that the learned tribunal erred in citing the explan
atory note that section 24 is merely a clarification when it was in fact an addition and substantially changed the scope of the law.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
On ground No-3, counsel submitted that the doctrine of frustration does not apply to the matter in hand, because the Contract of Employment of the Appellants had not been frustrated. The Appellant at the time of filing the dispute had relied on section 24
 (b) of the ERA prior to its amendment.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Counsel for the Appellant added further that the Respondent employer ought to have consulted and negotiated with the Appellants prior to the lockdown on the alternative change to the workers\rquote 
 terms and conditions of the employment. Those measures by the E
mployer for workers was not prevented by an Act of God and it could and should have been explored by the Respondent. Counsel added finally that the amendment does not have retrospective effect, the Respondent Employer must pay the workers for the lockdown
 period of 18 days under the previous section 24(b) of the ERA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid88186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 Submissions by the Counsel for the Respondent:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
In relation to ground 1, Counsel for the Respondent, while justifying the findings of the learned Magistrate, referred to the paragraph 21 of the determination, wherein the learned Magistrate stated that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 COVID}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  19 outbreak, which was declared as a pandemic by World Health organization on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  March 2020, qualifies as an \lquote Act of God\rquote  under section 24 as per the amendment introduced on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  May 2020\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Counsel also alluded to paragraph 32, 33 and 34 of the impugned determination, where in paragraph 32 it is stated by the Magistrate that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Accordingly, there is a casual link between the COVID 19 pandemic and non-performance by Employer of its contractual obligation to provide work to these workers throughout 18 days lockdown period\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 In Paragraph 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186  of the determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  it is stated that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 Available}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  evidence indicated that the COVID-19 Pandemic, which qualifies as an \lquote Act of God\rquote 
 is the ultimate cause that prevented the Employer from providing regular work to these workers during the relevant time period\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 As per p
aragraph 34 of the impugned determination, the learned Magistrate has finally observed to the effect \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  the circumstances, Employer is not required under sec 24 of ERA to pay regular wages to the workers as agreed under the employment contract\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Finally, counsel for the Respondent emphasized his position that the learned Magistrate did not err in fact and/ or in law on his findings in paragraphs 21, 32, 33 and 34 of his determination. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Countering the ground of Appeal, No-2, Counsel for the Respondent has drawn my attention to paragraph 23 of the impugned determination wherein it is stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 Explanatory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435  notes 2.2 of Employment Relations (Amendment) Bill 2020 provides that \lquote Clause 2 of the Bill amends sec.24 of the Act to \lquote clarify
\rquote  that an Act of God, for the purpose of this this section, includes a pandemic declared by the world health organization.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 By drawing this Court\rquote 
s attention to the relevant amendment in the Amended Act No 11 of 2020, Counsel for the Respondent argued that the purpose of incorporating a definition in the Act; that is explanatory notes, is to provide clarification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 With regard to the ground No-3, counsel argued that this ground of appeal simply does not have any merits as the learned Magistrate has given justification for his }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 D.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 DISCUSSION:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 12.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
The pivotal issue that begged answer before the learned Resident Magistrate of the Tribunal was, whether the Amendment to the Section 24 of the Employment Relations Act, which was brought into operation on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 of May 2020, had the retrospective effect on the greater Lautoka Lockdown period, which had to be imposed on account of COVID -19 Pandemic from 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  March 2020 till 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  April 2020?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
The facts that there was an outbreak of Covid 19 Virus Pandemic during the time material, it was an \'93Act of God\'94
, it had its adverse effects in Fiji as well, and it crippled all the non-essential activities and movements throughout the Country, including the Greater Lautoka, area were not in dispute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 14.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
It is also to be noted that nowhere in the Employment Relations Act or in its Amendments or in the collective Agreement entered into between the Employer and the Member Employees, a definition is given as to what is an \'93Act of God\'94
. What has been introduced by the Amendment to the section 24 of the ERA is the inclusion of a Pandemic, which was declared as an \'93ACT of God\'94 by the World Health Organization.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
An Act of God is neither predictable nor preventable and no one can say for sure as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 how and in what foam it will befall and what would be the extent of devastation and/ or annihilation it could possibly cause. Any subsequent decisions and/ or measures taken by the government and/or respective authorities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 during the outbreak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 of the COVID-19 Pandemic to face the calamity were also instant and the Respondent Employer could not have had any role to play in taking such decisions and implementation of them. So
, the position taken by the Counsel for the Appellant in paragraphs 14 and 15 of his submissions that the Respondent ought to have consulted and negotiated with the Applicants prior to the lockdown on the alternative to the workers\rquote 
 terms and conditions of employment, cannot be accepted. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
Section 11 of the Interpretation Act 1967 states as follows;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid88186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid88186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 \'9311. Where any written law is a
mended by any subsequent written law, the original law together with all amendments thereto shall be read and construed together from the date of commencement of the amendments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435  retrospectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
, as the case may be, and the short title or citation of the original law shall be construed to include all written law covered by the same short title or citation. (Emphasis mine)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 17.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
There is no dispute, as highlighted by the learned Magistrate in paragraph 21 of the determination, that the COVID 19 outbreak, which was declared as a Pandemic by World Health Organization on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  March 2020, qualifies as an \lquote Act of God\rquote  pursuant to section 24 as per the amendment introduced on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  May 2020. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
In my view, for the following reasons , the learned Magistrate\rquote 
s finding that there is a crucial link between the COVID -19 pandemic and non-performance by the Respondent Employer of its contractual obligation to provide work to those workers throughout  
the 18 days lockdown period , the COVID 19 was the ultimate cause  that prevented the Employer from providing regular work and in the circumstances , the  Employer is not required under  section 24 of ERA to pay wages to the workers as agreed under the co
ntract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  are not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 blameworthy and his findings can remain unassailed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 Chang v Laidley Shire Council 234 CLR 1, (111) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 referred to by the Counsel for the Respondent, the term \lquote Retrospective effect\rquote 
 is defined as follows;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 \'93\'85\'85.A retrospective statute \'85\'85
is prospective , but it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 imposes  new results  in respect of the past event \'85\'85\'85
A retrospective  statute operates  forwards, but it looks  backwards  in that it attaches  new consequences  for the future  to an event that took place  before the statute was enacted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
\'94 (Emphasis added )
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 19.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 Saumatua v Suva City Council [2020 ] FJHC 482; HBC 88 .2012 (30 June 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 ) his lordship Deepthi Amarathunga-j  stated as follows;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
[13] Accordingly the text of the amendment cannot be read in isolation. It has to be read in conjunction with the principal Decree. Such reading makes it abundantly clear that the intention of the legislature was for the amendment to have retrospective ef
fect and therefore the Learned High Court Judge has correctly applied section 11 of the interpretation act and given effect
 to the intention of the legislature and any contrary interpretation would have caused harm to the intention of the legislature. Therefore, I do not agree with the Learned Counsel of the Appellant on his averment that the Learned High Court Judge has erre
d in law.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 20.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
The main intention of the legislature in bringing this amendment to the ERA on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 May 2020, soon after the lockdown period, appears to have been for the purpose of covering the immediate past period of lockdown as well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186  in order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 to serve the sectors that were affected in numerous ways in their day-to-day activities during the very time period of lockdown. Because, the affected sectors were in need of immediate relief for the period they suffered before contemplating on the futur
e. The amendment does not state that it will not have the retrospective effect.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 21.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 If the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
, being a non-essential sector, had dared to offer work to the members during the period of lockdown, despite the imposition of Curfew, boarder closure, mandatory Testing, isolation and quarantine, it would have led to the arrest of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  workers and prosecution against both the workers and the Employer, which would have made the situation even worse to the workers. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
As far as the ground 2 is concerned, it is my considered view that the clause 2 of the ERA (amendment) Act 2020 is an Amendment that provide a clarification on \lquote Act of God\rquote 
 for the purpose of this section, which includes a pandemic declared by the WHO and the purpose of incorporating a definition in the Act; that it is an explanatory note to provide clarification.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 There is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid88186\charrsid6389214 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 reason for me to disagree with the findings of the learned Magistrate in paragraph 28 of his impugned determination, wherein the learned Magistrate states as follows; 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \'93
Legislative language of Employment Relations (Amendment) Act No-11 of 2020 does not suggest that the legislature intended to introduce a new meaning to \lquote Act of God\rquote 
 in sec.24. The explanatory notes discussed earlier indicates that the general effect of the amendment was to clarify and better reflect what the phrase \lquote Act of God\rquote  
already meant. I conclude that the amendment introduced to section 24 of ERA to include a pandemic declared by the world Health Organization as an \lquote Act of God\rquote 
 is a clarification of law restating that the law has been, rather than a substantive amendment,\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 24.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
In relation to ground 3 of Appeal, I stand convinced that the learned Magistrate from paragraphs 16 to 20, has duly considered the principle of Frustration of a contract. He has found that the supervening events had not caused the end of the employment re
lationship and the Respondent had called the workers on 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
 April 2020 to resume the work after lifting of the lockdown, and thus the COVID 19 outbreak had not frustrated the employment relationship. I find that the ground of Appeal No-3 is also unmeritorious. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 25.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 I don\rquote 
t find any reason to interfere with the findings of the learned Magistrate of the Employment tribunal in this matter. He has given due consideration to the evidence placed before him, the relevant Law in the amended Act, and the decided authorities 
on the subject and accordingly arrived at a justifiable determination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 26.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 I don\rquote 
t find any merits in the Grounds of Appeal adduced by the Appellant Union to warrant the intervention of this Court with the findings of the learned Magistrate at the Tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 .  Thus, I am}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  of the view that the Appeal has to be dismissed. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 27.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
The Respondent claims to have incurred a considerable amount by way of Costs in the Employment Tribunal and before this Court, on account of this matter. But the Magistrate has chosen not to impose costs on account of the proceedings before him. The Respo
ndent has claimed a sum of $5,500.00 being the costs before this forum. However, considering all the circumstances, I decide not to impose any costs and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307  bear their own costs. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 E.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 FINAL ORDERS:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 The Appeal by the Union is hereby dismissed.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
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The determination of the learned Magistrate at the Tribunal is hereby affirmed.
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 No costs ordered.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid88186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
A copy of this Judgment shall be dispatched to the Tribunal forthwith.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid4867307 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 A.M. Mohamed Mackie
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 At High Court Lautoka this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid88186 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\super\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595  day of February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186 
, 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4261279 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 
\par SOLICITORS:
\par For the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186 Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid5902595 :\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
National Union of Workers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
\par For the Respondent:\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 Messrs. Krishna & Company- Barristers & Solicitors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid88186\charrsid12077435 
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