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\b\f0\fs25\ul\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par ANTI CORRUPTION DIVISION
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\ul\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 APPEAL CASE NO. HACDA 006 OF 2021
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\ul\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid16414500 FIJI INDEPENDENT COMMISSION AGAINST CORRUPTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs19\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 vs
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs19\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 BOBBY JITENDRA MAHARAJ
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 Counsels:\tab Ms. Fatafehi S\tab -\tab 
Appellant
\par \tab \tab Mr. Sharma D\tab -\tab Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs29\insrsid4938190\charrsid3695462 JUDGEMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
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\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid10030878\charrsid3695462 In this matter the Respondent, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid10030878\charrsid3695462 Bobby Jitendra Maharaj, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid10030878\charrsid3695462 was charged in the Magistrates Court of Suva on the 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\super\insrsid10030878\charrsid3695462 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid10030878\charrsid3695462  of October 2016, as follows:
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\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3695462 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 CHARGE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs15\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 ABUSE OF OFFICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462  Contrary to Section 139 of the Crimes Decree No. 44 of 2009.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 BOBBY MAHARAJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462  between 17 March 2012 to 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\super\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 
 December 2012 whilst being employed in the public service as the Chief Executive Officer of the Fiji Commerce Commission, did an arbitrary act in abuse of the authority of his office, by di
recting one Sanjay Menon, an employee of the Fiji Commerce Commission, without conducting an inspection, to fill in false information in the Fiji Commerce Commission Inspection Form No. 10A to indicate that an inspection was conducted at Rajah\rquote 
s Food Court and Bakery in Korovou on 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 
December 2011 and, a verbal warning was issued against the said Rajah\rquote s Food Court and Bakery for breaches under the Commerce Commission Decree which was an act prejudicial to the rights of the Fiji Commerce Commission and Rajah\rquote 
s Food Court and Bakery.
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2175658\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462  in the Magistrate\rquote s Court of Suva}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 Prosecution had led 6 witnesses to establish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462  case against the Accused (Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 n this matter). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 In this regard, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462 as }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid9453828 PW1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462 a business partner of the subject Food Court and Bakery had given evidence and as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid9453828 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 the officer }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462 from the Fiji Commerce Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 who was directed by the Accused (Respondent) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462 to fill a 10A inspection for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid9527190 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 had given evidence and marked a copy of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2505812 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 nspe
ction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2505812 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 orm 10A he filled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid3695462 as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid16743536\charrsid9527190 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 At}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid1574064\charrsid3695462  the conclusion of the Prosecution case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid10630903\charrsid3695462 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462  Defense had made an application of \lquote no case to answer\rquote  under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 Section 178}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 Criminal Procedure Act of 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 
 before the Learned Magistrate. In considering the evidence led in the Magistrate\rquote s Court the Learned Magistrate had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid10630903\charrsid3695462 accepted t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid15343637\charrsid3695462 his application of the Defense and acquitted the Accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid9969000\charrsid3695462 (Respondent)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462  on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\super\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462  of May 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid10630903 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4676866 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4676866 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 In reaching the determination of \lquote no case to answer\rquote 
 in this matter, the Learned Resident Magistrate had relied on two factors predominantly and found that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14839914 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  an unreliable piece of evidence by being an invalid document. The two factors relied heavily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 by the Learned Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  are as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 The Inspection Report dated 19 December 2011 submitted by the Prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 (PE17)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
 was unreliable by being a mere copy of the original.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
 has no legal effect because of the absence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 Commerce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 Commission stamp and serial number.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4676866 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4676866\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 In this regard, the Learned Magistrate had highlighted the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 relevan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 ce of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
 from para 17 to para 30 of his ruling and comment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 possib}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 ility of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 accept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  a copy of an original document }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 and f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 ound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  was unreliable.  Further, in paras 39, 41, 46 and 50 of his ruling the Learned Magistrate has emphasised that there was no legal effect of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
 due to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 
absence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9453828 Commerce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 Commission stamp and the serial number in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462 . As per this analysis, the Le
arned Resident Magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  of the view that the Prosecution evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  manifestly unreliable and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866\charrsid3695462  that the Accused had no case to answer. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs31\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
Being dissatisfied with the acquittal of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2034999\charrsid3695462 Accused (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid2034999\charrsid3695462 ) by the Learned Resident Magistrate of Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 , the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2034999\charrsid3695462 
 (FICAC)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462  had filed a timely appeal to the High Court against the said acquittal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid9527190  on the premise of \lquote 
no case to answer\rquote  at the Magistrate\rquote s Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4676866 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2034999\charrsid3695462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs31\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
In this appeal in this Court, both counsel for the Appellant and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid9527190  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3099537\charrsid3695462 
 Respondent made their submissions in this Court and have filed their written responses. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid2034999\charrsid3695462 
On careful consideration of these submissions, now this Court will proceed to deliver its determination, as below:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid5200027\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2505812 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462 Grounds of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid10630903\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10630903\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid10630903\charrsid3695462 The Appellant has filed this application on the following grounds of appeal: 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid12651327\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\ul\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 Ground 1:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462  The learned Magistrate erred in fact and law by failing to analyze the evidence objectively in its entirety.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\ul\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 Ground 2:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462  The Learned Magistrate erred in fact and law and
 misconceived when he decided that the exhibit No. PE17 had been discredited and unreliable to have any probative value.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\ul\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 Ground 3:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 
 The Learned Magistrate erred in fact and law when he applied his misconceived analysis of the evidence of PE17 to the elements of the offence and failed to analyze the elements of the offence properly.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\ul\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 Ground 4:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid207879\charrsid3695462 
 The Learned Magistrate erred in fact and law by giving undue weight to the good character evidence at the No Case to Answer stage of the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid207879 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4676866 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5200027\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid5200027\charrsid3695462 Further, as the final prayer, the Appellant\rquote s prayer is as below:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1140\ri805\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin805\lin1140\itap0\pararsid3695462 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid5200027\charrsid3695462 \'93that this Honorable Court set aside the No Case to Answer Ruling and order that there be a re-trial or alternatively find that there is a case to answer.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid5200027 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11145441\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid11145441\charrsid3695462 In considering these grounds of appeal and the final prayer, this Court perceives that what is expected of this Court by the Appellant by this application is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid3551781\charrsid3695462 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid11145441\charrsid3695462  determin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3551781\charrsid3695462 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid11145441\charrsid3695462  whether the Learned Magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3551781\charrsid3695462 had correctly reached the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4659157\charrsid3695462 
\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3551781\charrsid3695462 No Case to Answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4659157\charrsid3695462 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid3551781\charrsid3695462  verdict in this matter considering the evidence led by the Prosecution at the Magistrates Court trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid6713973\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs17\insrsid6713973\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid6713973\charrsid3695462 Law in relation to \'93no case to answer\'94 in the Magistrate\rquote s Court
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 As tendered by the Prosecution, the law in relation to this issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462  of \lquote no case to answer\rquote  in the Magistrate
\rquote s Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462  is well settled in Fiji by the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 Sahib v State [2005]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\b\f0\fs25\super\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid4281821 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4281821  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13940 [2005] FJHC 95}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462  by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 Madam Justice Nazhat Shamem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 , where she has stated, as below:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri804\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462 \'93In the Magistrates\rquote 
 Courts, both tests apply. So the magistrate must ask himself or herself firstly whether there is relevant and admissible evidence implicating the accused in respect of each element of the offence, and second whether on the prosecution case, taken at its 
h
ighest, a reasonable tribunal could convict. In considering the prosecution case at its highest, there can be no doubt at all that where the evidence is entirely discredited, from no matter which angle one looks at it, a court can uphold a submission of n
o case. However, where a possible view of the evidence might lead the court to convict, the case should proceed to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15430646\charrsid3695462 defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462  case.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4798251\charrsid3695462 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 onsidering the ruling of the Learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16084479 Resident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462 
Magistrate in this matter and the emphasis he had given to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16335202\charrsid3695462 the unreliability of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462  in reaching his final determination of \lquote no case to answer\rquote , this Court perceives that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid13940 practice note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\b\f0\fs25\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid13940 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13940  [1962] All ER 448}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462  issued by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462 Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8267210\charrsid3695462 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462 s Bench Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940\charrsid15215081 High Court of Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940\charrsid15215081 England and Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13940 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10970072\charrsid3695462 where the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15215081  current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10970072\charrsid3695462  position in Fiji follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15215081 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10970072\charrsid3695462  the same trajectory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462 provides the needed guidance in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16335202\charrsid3695462 determining the justification or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9073425\charrsid3695462 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16335202\charrsid3695462 
absence of justification of the determination of the Learned Resident Magistrate. In this regard, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6049693\charrsid3695462 Lord Parker CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid4281821\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid16335202\charrsid3695462 has stated, as below:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid6713973\charrsid3695462  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri544\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3695462 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9899969\charrsid3695462 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
Those of us who sit in the Divisional Court have the distinct impression that justices today are being persuaded all too often to uphold a submission of no case. In the result, this court has had on many occasions to send the case b
ack to the justices for the hearing to be continued with inevitable delay and increased expenditure. Without attempting to lay down any principle of law, we think that as a matter of practice justices should be guided by the following considerations.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri544\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 A submission that there is no case to answer may properly be made and upheld:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri544\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 when there has been no evidence to prove an essential element in the alleged offence:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri544\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
when the evidence adduced by the prosecution has been so discredited as a result of cross-examination or is so manifestly unreliable that no reasonable tribunal could safely convict on it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri544\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 Apart from these two situations a tribunal should not in general be
 called on to reach a decision as to conviction or acquittal until the whole of the evidence which either side wishes to tender has been placed before it. If, however, a submission is made that there is no case to answer, the decision should depend not so
 
much on whether the adjudication tribunal (if compelled to do so) would at that stage convict or acquit but on whether the evidence is such that a reasonable tribunal might convict. If a reasonable tribunal might convict on the evidence so far laid before
 it, there is a case to answer.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 analysing the ruling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4012158 in issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4676866 of the Learned Magistrate in line with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462 
the above highlighted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14839914\charrsid14839914 Queen\rquote s Bench}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14839914  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14839914\charrsid14839914 Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14839914  direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4012158 as to when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2165131\charrsid3695462  an adjudicator could reach a \lquote no}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462  case to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2165131\charrsid3695462 answer verdict, it appears that in this matter the Learned Resident Magistrate had reached his conclusion on the premise that, \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2165131\charrsid3695462 the evidence adduced by the prosecution by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2165131\charrsid3695462 PE17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2165131\charrsid3695462 
has been discredited as a result of being manifestly unreliable that no reasonable tribunal could safely convict on it\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7802376\charrsid3695462 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid3695462 Finding of the Court
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid4418981 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid4418981 At the very }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid4418981 outset,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid4418981 
 this Court wishes to highlight that the Accused had been charged in the Magistrate Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981  in this matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid4418981  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 for doing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981  an arbitrary act in abuse of authority of his office by directing one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 Sanjay Menon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 , an employee of the Fiji Commerce Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4012158 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 to fill }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid468583 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981  Fiji Commerce Commission Inspection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid468583 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 orm 10A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid468583 with false information }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 to indicate that an ins
pection was conducted at Rajah\rquote s Food Court and Bakery in Korovou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid468583  on 19/12/2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4012158 , where an inspection was actually not conducted
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid468583  by the Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid4012158 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14370864\charrsid4418981 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid4418981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2505812 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2505812 As detailed earlier, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 n relation to this charge, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 Prosecution had led the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12210900 of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12210900\charrsid3695462 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462 
 business partner of Rajah\rquote s Food Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462 had given evidence as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462 PW1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462  and testified that no inspection was conducted by the Fiji Commerce Commission on his business premises on 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981\charrsid3695462  December 2011. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 Further, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 
the person to whom the Accused gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 the alleged arbitrary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981  in issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 Sanjay Menon)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462  has given evidence for the Prosecution as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 
 and confirmed the said direction of the Accused and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 testified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 that he acted on that direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981  of the Accused}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid468583  to fill the 10A form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4418981 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 The document marked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 
 had only been a supporting document in relation to the action taken by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462  on the directions of the Accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8012146\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs35\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 
Unfortunately, in reaching the decision of no case to answer in this matter in favour of the Accused, the Learned Magistrate had not commented and sufficiently discredited the evidence given in Court by the Prosecution witnesses and simply relied on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 
, which was only a supporting document to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462  corroborate the evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462  and the action taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15235130 by him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 
in furtherance of the arbitrary instructions of the Accused. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15235130 
Even in the minute analysis the Learned Magistrate did on the evidence of Prosecution witnesses, he had scrutinised their knowledge regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15235130\charrsid15235130 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15235130 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 In this regard, this Court finds that the Learned Resident Magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15235130 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 d failed to analyse and determine th
e salient evidence in the Magistrate\rquote s Court trial and had been misled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 and focused his attention entirely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462  the document marked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4153949\charrsid3695462 E17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2505812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2505812\charrsid2505812 to reach his verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462 
Even in relation to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462  PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462 , this Court finds the determination of the Learned Magistrate was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13982206  remarkably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8522531\charrsid3695462  erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 For this end, in relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 PEX17 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 being a copy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462  of the original }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9053062 form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 10A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462  and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9053062 reluctance expressed by the Learned Magistrate to accep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2694137 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2694137\charrsid2694137 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2694137  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9053062 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 , this Court wishes to emphasise the applicable law in common law jurisdictions like ours}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6707888\charrsid3695462  in relation to acceptance of copies of original document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2694137 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 . The acceptance of copy records in evidence is highlighted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid935965\charrsid3695462 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 RCHBOLD [2022]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid5314477 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5314477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5314477\charrsid15737175 SWEET & MAXWELL [2022], 1666}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 , as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri804\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 \'93
As a general rule it is unnecessary to produce in evidence the original of any public document. The common law and various statutes and rules of court make comprehensive provision for the use of copies. In addition, s.14 of the Evidence Act 185(s9-24) con
tains a general permission as to the use of copies where there is no specific permission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid9453828 \'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs25\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 .\'94

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs17\insrsid394115\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid394115\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl256\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid394115\charrsid3695462 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid394115\charrsid3695462 Director of Public Prosecutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 v Sugden [2018]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs25\super\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\f0\super\insrsid15737175\charrsid15737175 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15737175\charrsid15737175  [2018] All ER (D) 139 (MAR)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 Queen\rquote s Bench Division }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid14104286 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462  High Court of Justice of England and Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462  has elaborated the value of copy records, as below:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs25\insrsid5314477\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \li1134\ri544\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin544\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 \'93The combined effect of the common law and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid5536391  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 CJA 2003 s 139(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid5536391  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs25\cf19\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 was that, first, a document containing a record of relevant factual evidence was generally admissible in the ordinary way, because the content of the document was relevant to an issue in the case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li1134\ri544\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin544\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 
Second, if the document was a copy or other form of secondary evidence, it was not thereby made inadmissible. However, the absence of the original called for an explanation if one was sought by the opposing party.
\par Third, if the original was not produced, the court might, not must, refuse to admit in evidence a copy or other secondary evidence and would consider the likely accuracy or otherwise of the copy or other secondary evidence.
\par Fourth, in criminal proceedings, the court would also consider any explanation for its absence, its probative value and any prejudicial effect on the defence.
\par Fifth, where there was no reason to doubt that the document was a tru
e copy of the original and its content was within the knowledge of the defendant so that its accuracy could be challenged in cross-examination, there would generally be no prejudice to the defence in admitting the copy document in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid9453828 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid15737175\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs9\cf19\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi-360\li357\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin357\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 Further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 in this matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462  had prepared the 10A form in issue and in giving evidence he had accepted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 
 to be a copy of the original document prepared by him on the instructions of the Accused, though some parts had been subsequently filled with the signature of the Accused. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid1073700 
In addition, Prosecution had provided some explanation for the absence of the original 10A form. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 
herefore, this Court sees no reason why a copy of the original 10A form could not be accepted in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2694137  at the Magistrates\rquote  Court trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid9141464\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li357\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin357\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6707888\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid6707888\charrsid3695462 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid15604895\charrsid3695462 relation to the analysis of the Learned Magistrate of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf1\insrsid15604895\charrsid3695462 
absence of the Commission stamp and the serial number in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf1\insrsid15604895\charrsid2694137 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid6707888\charrsid2694137 E17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid15604895\charrsid3695462  and thus finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid15604895\charrsid2694137 PE17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid15604895\charrsid3695462 
not having any legal effect, this Court wish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid15604895\charrsid3695462  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462  stress that this Magistrate Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2694137 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 
rial had not been on the accuracy or the legitimacy of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid2694137 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 
. The trial had been on the arbitrary action of the Accused to which several witnesses had given evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid1073700 PE17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462  had only been a supporting document and the legitimacy of this document has no determining effect over the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2694137 cogent testimonies of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid1073700 Prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2694137  at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs25\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462  Orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid6707888\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi-360\li357\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin357\itap0\pararsid3695462 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427\charrsid3695462 
On the above analysis, this Court finds that the Learned Magistrate had erred in law in pronouncing a \lquote no case to answer\rquote  ruling in favour of the Accused in this matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462  Therefore, acting under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid1073700 Section 256 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid1073700 (a)
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid1073700 
Criminal Procedure Act 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462 this Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462 set aside the \lquote no case to answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid1073700 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462 
 ruling made by the Learned Magistrate in this matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462  and direct the Learned Magistrate to call for the Defence of the Accused and make a final determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid1073700 on the charge filed in Magistrates Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462 accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid10883918 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li357\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin357\itap0\pararsid3695462 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs15\cf19\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10883918\charrsid3695462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
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You have thirty (30) days to appeal to the Court of Appeal of Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid4533752\charrsid3695462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid6707888\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2260453 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid2837427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs25\cf19\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid12676372\charrsid3695462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3695462 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid8332457 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par Hon. Justice Dr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid8332457 Thushara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 Kumarage
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 At Suva
\par this 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\super\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462  April 2023
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
\par cc:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid3695462\charrsid3695462 . Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462 
 Independent Commission Against Corruption
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid2260453\charrsid3695462 2.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid4860448 R. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs25\insrsid9642344\charrsid3695462  Lawyers
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2260453 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid12199457\charrsid3695462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs25\insrsid9195912\charrsid3695462 
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