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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid2051713 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2051713 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 IN THE ANTI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7813155 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 CORRUPTION DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICITON 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li4320\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
APPEAL NO.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid206633\charrsid206633     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 HACDA 003 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid7098766 of 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 21 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid206633 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2972604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid206633\charrsid2972604 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200 FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9986870\charrsid15161200  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200 INDEPENDENT COMMISSION AGAINST CORRUPTION (FICAC)

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
APPELLANT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f143\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 RESPONDENT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid8539943 Mr. S. Savumiramira for the Appellant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2972604\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid8539943 Mr. R. Singh and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10320588\charrsid8539943 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid8539943  L. Vuiyasawa for the Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid14822319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid8539943\charrsid2972604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5994916 20 January & }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200 23 Februar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944\charrsid15161200 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200  2021}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 Date of Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13199514\charrsid15161200 23}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid15161200  March 2021
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs26\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs2\ul\insrsid10114884\charrsid10114884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\ul\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2972604 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14822319\charrsid2972604 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13199514 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13199514 This is an appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 by the FICAC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13199514 against an acquittal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604 On 07 June 2019 the Appellant filed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9986870 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604 petition and grounds of appeal against }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604  judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 in Criminal Case No 323 of 2015, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604 delivered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370\charrsid7146370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370\charrsid2972604 on 13 May 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604  Suva Magistrate\rquote s Cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid1193944 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2972604\charrsid2972604 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 Lat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 er,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9834475  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475  22 January 2020 the Appellant filed an amended petition of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid6227379 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7146370\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12008415\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 The Respondent was charged for the following counts in the Magistrate\rquote s Court;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1193944 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10320588\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10320588\charrsid10320588 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid1193944 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 COUNT 1
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Statement of offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 ABUSE OF OFFICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  Contrary to Section 111 of the Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs12\insrsid1141859\charrsid1141859 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Particulars of offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  between the 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  December 2007 to 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 
 January 2010, at Suva in the Central Division whilst being employed in the Public Service as the Director of the Fiji Museum, in abuse of the authority of her office did arbitrary acts 
for gain namely approving and accepting allowances in the sum of $560 for the performance of her duties as the Director of the Fiji Museum which were acts prejudicial to the right of the Fiji Museum and the Government of Fiji.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid1193944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 ALTERNATIVE CHARGE TO COUNT 1
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Statement of offence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 EXTORTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  Contrary to Section 117 of the Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs14\insrsid1141859\charrsid1141859 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Particulars of offence (b)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  between the period of 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  December 2007 to 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 
 January 2010, at Suva in the Central Division whilst being employed in the Public Service as the Director of the Fiji Museum, accepted rewards in the sum of $560.00 from the Fiji Museum for the performance of her duties as the Director of the Fiji Museum
, beyond her proper pay and emoluments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs16\insrsid7098766 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 COUNT 2
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Statement of offence (a)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 ABUSE OF OFFICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  Contrary to Section 39 of the Crimes Decree No, 44 of 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16602179 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Particulars of offence (b)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  between the 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  November 2010 to 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  June 2014, at S
uva in the Central Division whilst being employed in the Public Service as the Director of the Fiji Museum, in abuse of the authority of her office did arbitrary acts for gain namely approving and accepting allowances in the sum of $1120 for the performan
ce of her duties as the Director of the Fiji Museum which were acts prejudicial to the right of the Fiji Museum and the Government of Fiji.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1193944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 ALTERNATIVE CHARGE TO COUNT 2
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Statement of offence (A)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 OBTAINING FINANCIAL ADVANTAGE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  Contrary to Section 326 (1) of the Crimes Decree No. 44 of 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs4\insrsid1141859\charrsid1141859 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Particulars of offence (B)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  between the 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  November 2010 to 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  June 2014, at Suva in the Central Division engaged in a conduct namely claiming and approving allowan
ces for herself and as a result of that conduct obtained a financial advantage in the sum of $1120 knowing that she is not eligible to receive the said financial advantage.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 COUNT 3
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Statement of offence (a)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid7098766 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 ABUSE OF OFFICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  Contrary to Section 139 OF THE Crimes Decree No. 44 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1141859\charrsid5722803 of 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1141859\charrsid5722803 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 Particulars of offence (b)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 TIMAIMA SAGALE BUADROMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  between the 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  November 20111 to 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475\charrsid5722803  May 2014, at Suva in the Central Division whilst being employed in the Public Service as the Director o
f the Fiji Museum, in abuse of the authority of her office did arbitrary acts namely servicing and repairing the Fiji Museum vehicle registration DV 828 in the sum of $15, 045.96 at the Carpenters Motors in Nadi and Lautoka without calling for the quotati
on and in breach of the Fiji Museum Board of Trustees Financial Instructions which were acts prejudicial to the right of the Fiji Museum.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 The Respondent was initially charged on 11 February 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7098766 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 he learned Magistrate had recorded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7098766 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 hat \'93
Accused to advise the court on next mention date of her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 election with regards to count no 2 and 3 abuse of office section 139 Criminal Procedure Decree 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7146370 \'94and adjourned the matter to 16 March 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948  On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 that date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 
 the Prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 filed amended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948  charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 . But }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2692948 there is no mention in the record whether the election was given thereafter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7146370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370\charrsid7146370 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 In that backdrop the hearing commenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 in the Magistrate\rquote s Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948 on 12 September 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2692948  and it was concluded on 16 August 2018. Subsequently the judgment was delivered on 13 May 2019 and the Respondent was acquitted of all counts. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3095869\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 
Being aggrieved by the judgment delivered by the learned Magistrate, the Appellant filed this appeal on the following grounds of appeal;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3095869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs16\insrsid3095869\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3095869\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to consider important evidence available namely the caution interview of the respondent.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 2.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to consider all evidence available for the elements of the offence objectively.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 3.\tab}That the learned Magistrate erred in 
law and facts in giving undue weight to the evidence of Defence Witness 1 namely Mr. Winston Thompson view that the respondent was entitled to the Verandah Hire Allowance because the Board had approved it in good faith.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 4.\tab}That the learned Magistrate erred in
 law and facts by failing to consider that the Fiji Museum Board is not the appointing authority of the Defendant and thus have no authority in terms of what she is entitled to.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 5.\tab}That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by not considering the admi
ssion of the defendant in her Caution Interview that she introduced the verandah hire allowance and not the Fiji Museum Board.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 6.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to analyze the evidence of Prosecution Witness 1 namely Timaima Vilisoni objectively that the Accused was not entitled to any other allowance except the ones stated in her appointment letter.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 7.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by considering facts which are not in evidence as stated in paragraph 101.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 8.\tab}That 
the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to consider that the defendant abused the authority of her office when she had knowledge that she was not entitled for verandah hire allowance as per her appointment letter.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 9.\tab}That the learned Magistra
te erred in law and facts by failing to analyze the evidence of Prosecution Witness 6 namely Mohammed Siraz objectively.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 10.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts in mistakenly interpreting Prosecution Exhibit 3 that there were no need to obtain 3 quotations in servicing the Fiji Museum Vehicle.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 11.\tab}
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to analyze the evidence of Prosecution Witness 5 Mohammed Khan objectively that there are no difference in the services between Nadi, Lautoka and Suva Carpenters.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 12.\tab}
 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts by failing to analyze the evidence of Prosecution Witness 2 namely Shalini Pillay objectively.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3095869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid7146370\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153 Although the Appellant filed the petition of appeal on 07 June 2019, the proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 in the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153 
prolonged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7146370 as the parties, mainly the Respondent, complained of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  various issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 
and discrepancies in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  the copy records. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 Finally,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7146370 this Court intervened and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14043388 directed the registry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 
to resolve the issues as it appeared that most of the matters complained of, were not material to the determination of the appeal. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9004709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709\charrsid9004709 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 Eventually, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153 
he appeal was taken up for hearing on 20 January 2021. At the hearing this Court enquired from the parties whether the election was given at the Magistrate\rquote s Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7098766 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  as the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid12727153\charrsid12727153 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  and 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\super\insrsid12727153\charrsid12727153 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153  counts are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4261423 indictable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12727153 
 offences triable summarily. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 Since both parties could not confirm the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 
 the hearing was vacated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12478862 The c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9004709 ase was adjourn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025  to prepare transcripts of the audio recordings of the proceedings in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court to verify whether the Respondent had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 exercised election}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7098766 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 
 though it may not have been recorded in the case record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 . On 28 January}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12478862  2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025  informed by the registry that there are no audio records available pertaining to that period. Based on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 copy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025  of the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court the parties confirmed that there is no mention of election. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004709 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid9004709\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid206633\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 This Court subsequently requested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5134025 parties to file }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid5389732 supplementary submissions on the issue of election. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid206633\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid206633\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633 
In the meantime, the Anti-Corruption Division of the High Court was established on 15 February 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633  pursuant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709\charrsid206633 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 Act No 1 of 2021 (A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709\charrsid206633 
mendment to the High Court Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633  1875),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9004709\charrsid206633  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633 
and this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633\charrsid206633 file }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633 was assigned a new case number HACDA 003 / 21 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid206633 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7813155\charrsid206633 
 under the Anti-Corruption Division of the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid206633 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5246198\charrsid206633  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7813155\charrsid206633 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 10.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732 On 23 February 2021 the appeal was taken up for hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732 
and the parties made lengthy submissions on the issue of election}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid206633 as well as}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732  on other grounds of appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3095869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5389732 I have considered the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 written submissions, oral submissions and the case authorities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798  by both parties. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 will}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798  first deal with the issue of election as it relates to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 and determination of that matter is crucial to the direction that this case may take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3095869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 12.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 The first count in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047 amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15101798 charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047 
is abuse of office contrary to section 111 of the Penal Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047  which is not an electable offence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid13110668 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047  the second and third counts of abuse of office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047 
 contrary to section 139 of the Crimes Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7437047  are indictable offences summarily triable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9834475 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3095869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3095869\charrsid3095869 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 13.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 Although the parties did not raise that there is no election }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330 in respect of the second and third counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 
to be tried in the Magistrate\rquote s Court, this Court is of the view that it is a fundamental issue that the Court must look into before considering other grounds of appeal. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10450804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804\charrsid10450804 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 14.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9834475\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 Part 2 of the Criminal Procedure Act deals with the powers of the Courts and section 4 specifically describes the jurisdiction relating to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4261423 indictable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668  offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 indictable offences triable summarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid13110668  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 summary offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13110668\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid10450804\charrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 Section 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330 -\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 (1) Subject to the other provisions of this Act-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li3240\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin3240\itap0\pararsid3414886\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 any indictable offence under the Crimes Act 2009 shall be tried by the High Court;

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 (b)\tab}any indictable offence triable summarily under the Crime
s Act 2009 shall be tried by the High Court or a Magistrate Court, at the election of the accused person; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 (c)\tab}any summary offence shall be tried by a Magistrates Court.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10976330 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), a judge of the High Court may, by
 order under his or her hand and the seal of the High Court, in any particular case or class of cases, invest a Magistrate with jurisdiction to try any offence which, in the absence of such order, would be beyond the Magistrate\rquote s jurisdiction. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid3414886 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3414886 (3) A Magis
trate hearing a case in accordance with an order made under subsection (2) may not impose a sentence in excess of the sentencing powers of the Magistrate as provided under this Act. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid10976330\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 15.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10976330\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 Upon plain reading of this section, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 comprehensible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 that the Magistrate\rquote s Court derives jurisdiction to try an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid4261423\charrsid10976330 indictable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330  offence triable summarily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 exercise of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 election }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 by
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330  the accused person. At this point it would be germane to look at the definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13111424 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 indictable offences triable summarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13111424 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330  in 
section 2 of the Criminal Procedure Act as it sheds more light on the issue of election.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13111424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 \'93
Indictable offence triable summarily means any offence stated in the Crimes Act 2009 or any other law prescribing offences to be indictable offence triable summarily, and which shall be triable- 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid13111424 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li3240\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin3240\itap0\pararsid13111424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid13111424 In the High Court in accordance with the provisions of this Act; or

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330\charrsid10976330 
At the election of the accused person, in a Magistrates Court in accordance with the provisions of this Act.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10976330 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li3240\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3240\itap0\pararsid13111424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13111424\charrsid10976330 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1730986 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16129250\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1730986 Further section 35(2)(b)(ii) provides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid10450804 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16462510 if the offence is an indictable offence triable summarily and the accused has indicated to the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court that he or she wishes to be tried in the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804  those cases shall be transferred to the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16462510 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250\charrsid13514480 The Magistrate\rquote s court is only entitled 
to try summary offences under its normal jurisdiction (section 4(1)(c) of the CPA). However indictable offences triable summarily can be tried in the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7084987 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250\charrsid13514480  court only when the statutory requirement of election is exercised by an accused. That\rquote s one of the ways the Magistrate\rquote 
s court is conferred with jurisdiction to try an offence other than a summary offence. There is another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250 method}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250\charrsid13514480 
 from where the Magistrate court derives jurisdiction to hear matters other than summary offences. That is when the High court extends its jurisdiction pursuant to section 4(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid16129250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804\charrsid16129250 In view of these provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250\charrsid16129250 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid10450804\charrsid16129250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15938482\charrsid16129250 it is very clear that the accused has to elect whether he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13242651  or she}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15938482\charrsid16129250  wants to be tried in the High Court or in the Magistrate\rquote s Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13110668\charrsid16129250 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10450804\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 17.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13111424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729 In this present case the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7874257 do not dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15938482 the court record does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 signify}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10450804  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 Respondent elected the Magistrate\rquote s Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729 
, apart from the record by the learned Magistrate; \'93Accused to advice court on next mention date of her election with regards to count No 2 & 3 abuse of office section 139 Criminal Procedure Decree.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3825878  Further it appears that after the filing of the amended charge there has not been any mention about election in respect of the second and third counts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7874257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257\charrsid7874257 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 18.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3825878\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid10366729 There can be found a long line of cases where courts in Fiji have declared that the proceedings are a nullity where the election was not given to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid10366729  accused. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid7874257 Lepani Wainibe v State Crim}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid13767048\charrsid7874257 inal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid7874257  Misc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid13767048\charrsid7874257 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid7874257  HBM 009.95L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10366729\charrsid10366729  (Unreported) the Magistrate\rquote 
s court referred the case to the High Court for sentence after the accused pleaded guilty. However, no election was given when the plea was taken.   The High Court decided that the Magistrate\rquote s court had no jurisdiction to try 
an electable offence unless the accused gives the court jurisdiction by signifying his consent to be tried in such court. The conviction was quashed, and the case was remitted back to the Magistrate\rquote s court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16022479  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 Similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16022479 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7874257  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid7874257 Simione Natala v State Cri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid7874257 minal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid7874257  Appeal HAA 0007 of 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878  (Unreported) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3825878 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 he High court decided that the conviction and the sentence are nullities as the election was not given. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3825878\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 19.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3825878\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 n the present case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 
although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 the Appellant did not raise the failure to give election as a ground of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 , this Court raised that issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 
The effect of procedural errors brought to the attention of the court was discussed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid7874257 Josefa Naivalurua Criminal Appeal 46 of 1987}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878  (Unreported) where the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 only complained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3825878 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 the sentence was harsh and excessive. The court observed that the appellant had elected trial in the Supreme Court and the Magistra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7874257 te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 \rquote s Court later recorded the guilty plea without any change to the previous election by the appellant. The court noted that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3825878\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 \'93
Certainly the Appellant has made no complaint regarding procedure; his only complaint has been to the extent of the sentence imposed on him. But the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court, like this Court, is a Court of record and failure to record that requisite procedures were followed is an immediate indicator
 that that Court exceeded its jurisdiction. If there was a change of election by the appellant then it was necessary that this fact be recorded, the charge put to him and his plea taken to enable the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court to assume jurisdiction to try that offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5642872 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 20.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2034370\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid3825878 One of the arguments of the Respondent\rquote 
s counsel was that the Respondent elected the Magistrate\rquote s Court by her conduct. It was also submitted that being aware that such a right existed the Respondent raised no issue in respect of election. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2034370 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4589056 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid4589056\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid2034370 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 21.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2034370\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid2034370 It must be noted that this is contrary to what the Respondent\rquote 
s counsel informed the Court prior to the hearing of the appeal. When the issue of election was raised by this Court, not only the counsel for the Respondent, but even the counsel for the Appell
ant informed Court that they could not remember whether the election was given. At that point the Respondent was also present in Court and when the Respondent\rquote 
s counsel was told to verify this issue with the Respondent, the answer of the Counsel was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4589056 the Respondent may not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3825878\charrsid2034370 
recall it as it has been a long time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370 
Through the perusal of the record did only the parties come to know that the learned Magistrate had recorded that the Respondent was to advice the court of her election on the next date and no election was taken afterwards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid2034370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370 Therefore, stating that the Respondent knowingly elected the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court for the trial is clearly contrary to what the Court was informed by the Respondent\rquote s counsel prior to the hearing of the appeal.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4589056 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid12150651\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid6913920 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 22.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6913920\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid6913920 Nevertheless, I have considered whether the claim of the Respondent that she chose or acquiesced to the trial in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court hold any water in view of the legal requirement for election. In this regard the Respondent submitted an authority to support the contention of waiver of the right to election. As such the following paragraph of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid4589056 Millar v Dickson (Procurator Fiscal, Eligin) and other appeals [2002] 3 ALL ER 1041}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid6913920 
 is relied upon by the Respondent to advance this argument;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6913920 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1141859\charrsid6913920 \'93In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid6913920\charrsid6913920  most litigious situations the expr
ession waiver is used to describe voluntary, informed and unequivocal election by a party not to claim right or raise an objection which it is open to the party to claim or raise. In the context of entitlement to a fair hearing by an independent and impar
tial tribunal, such is in my opinion the meaning to be given to the expression. That the waiver must be voluntary is shown by Deweer v Belgium 91980) 2 EHRR 439, where the applicant\rquote 
s failure to insist on his [or her] right to a fair trial was held not to a
mount to a valid waiver because it was tainted by constraint (paragraph 54, page 465). In Pfeifer and Plankl v Austria (1992) 14 EHRR  692 there was held to be no waiver where a layman had not been in a position to appreciate completely the implication of
 
a question he had been asked (paragraph 38, page 713). In any event, it cannot meaningfully be said that a party has voluntarily elected not to claim or raise objection. It is apparent from passages already cited from cases decided by the European Court o
f Human Rights that a waiver, to be effective, must be unequivocal, which I take to mean clear and unqualified.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12150651\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid6913920\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4589056 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722745\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4589056 Regrettably, I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12150651\charrsid12150651 
 must note that this authority has no relevance to the present case. Even if it is assumed that it applies to this case, the purp
orted waiver by no means seems to be voluntary, informed and unequivocal as the parties were not even aware that election was given or not.  The issue under consideration is jurisdictional. Jurisdiction cannot be conferred by consent of parties or prerequ
isites to derive jurisdiction from cannot be waived by a party at its choice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12150651\charrsid9722745 
Even if it is not raised by the parties that the election was not put, this Court is bound to take notice of manifest want of jurisdiction. Consent cannot give it. An irregularity
 may be waived by consent, but not a want of jurisdiction. (See Charles Dennis [1924] 18 Cr. App. R. 39)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid9722745 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid12150651\charrsid12150651  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid11806214\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9722745\charrsid11806214 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 24.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9722745\charrsid11806214 Also,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214  I cannot agree that election can be signified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9722745 by passive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 
 conduct of the Respondent. The Court must put the election to the accused expressly and the accused\rquote s election must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9722745 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 equivocal and well informed. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid9722745 R (Rahmdezfouli) v Crown Court [2014] 1 All ER 567}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214  it was held that proceedings were invalid and a nullity due to the failure to comply with statutory procedure which was designed to confer jurisdiction on the Magistrate\rquote 
s court to try offences which it did not otherwise have. It was further stated that;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid11806214\charrsid10114884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 \'93where a magistrates
\rquote  court declined or failed to follow the requirements of the section it was acting without jurisdiction every bit as much as if, for instance, it had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 purported to try a defendant on the charge of homicide. The requirement that the defendant be present in court throughout this procedure, and to explain the effects off the section \lquote 
in ordinary language\rquote  fortify the view of Wright J that the defendant should be informed of his rights by the court itself and not merely by an advocate acting on his behalf.\'94 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 25.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 The counsel for the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9722745 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214 argued this issue during the hearing as follows;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1141859\charrsid11806214 \'93If}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid11806214  there was no election given at all, no mention of any election available, then the Court would obviously would not have any jurisdiction. Here t
he Court had jurisdiction because it had given the right to the Respondent. And that is why I initially mentioned that this matter is very unique from all the others because in all the other matters, there is no mention of any election being put to the Ac
c
used. In our case, the election was put to the Accused, the Magistrate said, you the Respondent decide what you choose to do. And this is where I respectfully submit that these cases that are put before you do not apply. Yes, it gives us the general princ
iple that what happens if there is no election, but here election was given, the facts of the case show that there was an election provided.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14695956\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid11806214\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 26.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8348439\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 
According to section 4(1)(b) of the Criminal Procedure Act the requirement is for the accused to elect the court that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8862507  or she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357  wished to be tried at. Merely giving the right to election to an accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 itself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 would not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 suffice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 the Magistrate\rquote s Court to derive jurisdiction from this statutory provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357  unless the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 expressly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 exercises th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357  right to election. 
In the present case the learned Magistrate had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 indicated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357  that the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid4673463\charrsid2250357 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 
to advise the court on the next mention date of her election. However, as it is admitted by both parties there is no mention of the accused expressly informing the Court of her election thereafter.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8862507 
Therefore, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14695956\charrsid2250357 t is crystal clear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8862507 vague indication of the requirement to take election would not amount to conformity }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11420219 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8862507  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11420219 statutory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8862507 
 requirement for election.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250357\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357\charrsid2250357 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 27.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250357\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15872748\charrsid15872748 n }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid15872748\charrsid2250357 R v Kettering Justices [1968] 3 All ER 167}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15872748\charrsid15872748 
 it was held that the court was required to ask an accused personally whether he should be tried summarily or by a jury though the accused\rquote s answer to the question might be given by the counsel. The court quashed the conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357  as a result of the failure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15872748\charrsid15872748 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357 Also, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2250357 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2250357 R v Salisbury and Amesbury Justices, Ex p. Greatbactch [1954] 2 All ER 326 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357 
the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2250357  commented that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2055584\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10320588\charrsid2055584 \'93It}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584  may well be that this applicant, represented as he was by a solicitor, really knew that he had a right to be tried by a jury and that these p
roceedings are an afterthought following conviction. But even so, that does not absolve a court of summary jurisdiction from complying with the provisions of \'85\'85
.. Those provisions require the magistrates, inter alia, to inform the accused of his right to be tried by a jury, and I think that the conclusion to be drawn from all these affidavits is that was not done here.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2055584 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250357 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357\charrsid2250357 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 28.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2055584\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 It is interesting to note that even if the accused had consented to be tried summarily for an indictable offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2250357 Kent Justices Ex parte Machin [1952] 2 QB 355}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 
 it was decided that the court did not have jurisdiction due to the failure to comply with statutory provisions to explain it to the accused. It was observed in that decision that;\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2055584\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10114884\charrsid2055584 \'93It}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584  is well known that when a man is brought 
before a court charged with an indictable offence which can, with his consent, be treated summarily, certain information has to be given to him by the clerk of the court. He has to be told of his right to be tried by a jury; he has to be asked if he desir
es to be tried by a jury or whether he desires the case to be tried summarily;\'85\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2055584\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 29.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250357\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2055584\charrsid2055584 Therefore, I cannot agree with the argument of the Respondent\rquote 
s counsel that the learned Magistrate\rquote s indication to get the election on a future date, which was never taken, fulfils the requirement to elect the Magistrate Court for the accused to be tried. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\cf20\insrsid2250357\charrsid2250357 Giving the right to election as well as actual election by the accused are both fundamental requirements to confer jurisdiction in the Magistrate\rquote s Court to try an indictable offence triable summarily.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\cf20\insrsid2055584\charrsid2250357 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214\charrsid7291266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 30.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 The Respondent\rquote 
s Counsel argued in the written submissions that procedural failure is not fatal and such defect must be read in favour of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15366241 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 . Further it was submitted that no prejudice or miscarriage of justice is caused to the Respondent. To buttress this argument the test applied in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid2250357 Ashton & Others v R [2007] 1WLR 181}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 
 was submitted. I have considered the test applied in the said judgment with regard to non-compliance of statutory provisions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11806214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250357 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid2250357\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 31.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250357\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 In that decision the Court drew a distinction between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1141859 situations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 
 where a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 ourt acts without jurisdiction (in which case the proceedings will \'93usually\'94
 be invalid) and the situation where there has been a breakdown in the procedures whereby a case progresses through the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2250357 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 
ourts. (See ARCHBOLD [43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid11806214  Ed] Chap. 1-307 at page 111.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid2250357  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid2250357 Although in Ashton (supra) it was considered that the procedural failure was minor, the House of Lords refused to follow that approach in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid2250357 R v Clarke and McDaid [2008] 2 Cr. App. R.2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7014191\charrsid2250357 , where an appeal 
against a conviction was dismissed as there had not been a signed indictment. It was held that where there is no signed indictment, there could be no valid trial. Lord Bingham further commented that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12082656\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 \'93
Technicality is always distasteful when it appears to contradict the merits of a case. But the duty of the court is to apply the law, which is sometimes technical\'85\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12082656 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid11806214 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid11806214 While deviating from the approach adopted in Ashton, in R v Clarke and McDaid (supra) the court concluded that as a matter of statutory construct
ion, the signing of the bill of indictment was a condition precedent to the existence of a valid indictment and that the existence of a valid indictment is itself a condition precedent to a valid trial on indictment. The matter is one of substantive valid
ity and jurisdiction, in respect of which considerations of prejudice and substantive merits are irrelevant. (See ARCHBOLD [43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\super\insrsid12082656\charrsid11806214 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid11806214  Ed] Chap. 1-309 at page 112.)  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12082656\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid12082656\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 33.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11806214\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 The Fiji Court of Appeal also followed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7760124 House of Lords }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 decision in Clarke (supra) in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid786681 Batikal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid1141859 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid786681 u v State [2015] FJCA 2; AAU31.2011 (2 January 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 
 and declared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11420219 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 
the proceedings are null and void as election was not put to an accused for an indictable offence summarily triable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7760124 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7760124\charrsid7760124 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 34.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 As such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 
 I decline to adopt the test found in Ashton in view of the reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11420219  laid down}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11420219 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 more recent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7760124 House of Lords }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid12082656 decision, Clarke (supra) and decide that the test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656\charrsid11288344 set out in Ashton has no applicability to the present case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12082656 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11288344 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid11288344\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 35.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 It was submitted by the counsel for the Respondent that vast majority of authorities where proceedings were declared a nullity involved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681 cases where }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 accused persons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
 convicted. Although failure to give election has brought to the notice of the appellate
 courts predominantly in cases where accused persons are convicted, I cannot agree with the contention that want of jurisdiction will matter only when the accused is convicted. It cannot be so. May it be a conviction or an acquittal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344  if the proceedings were conducted without jurisdiction the proceedings would inevitably result in a nullity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11288344 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11288344 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid11288344\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 36.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid786681 Regina v Cardiff Magistrates Court, Ex parte Cardiff City Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid786681 CO/603/86 [1987] Lexis 914 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681\charrsid786681 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681 appellant moved for judicial review of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid8849040 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8849040 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 the Magistrate\rquote s Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8849040 where the defendant was acquitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8849040\charrsid11288344 The Queen\rquote s Bench Divisional Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid8849040 held that the Magistrate went awry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 for an offence which was triable either way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480 
 by failing to comply with a mandatory provision to put the election}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid13514480 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 Court held that the proceedings are a nullity and quashed the acquittal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid786681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 37.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480 
have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344  instances where the proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8130258 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
 found to be a nullity even without a conviction or an acquittal. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid13514480 State v Sami [2020] FJHC 405; HAM107.2020 (4 June 2020)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344  the High Court ordered a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid13514480 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
 after deciding that the proceedings were a nullity due to the failure to put the election to the accused in the Magistrate\rquote s Court. In that case the accused was charged for one count of bribery of public officials contrary to section 134(1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid341207\charrsid11288344 ) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 a)(i
) and (b) of the Crimes Act, which is an indictable offence triable summarily. The trial proceeded in the Magistrate court and when it was due for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344  judgment the Magistrate realized that no election }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
 given. Thus, the case was transferred to the H
igh Court and Justice Sharma decided that the election ought to be put to the accused before the trial begins so that the court acquires jurisdiction to hear the matter. Accordingly, the Court ordered a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid13514480 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344  as no election was given to the accused. His Lordship further remarked;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11288344\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14239211\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid11288344 \'93
The copy record does not show that the accused was given his right of election that is whether he wanted a Magistrate\rquote s Court trial or a High Court trial. The right of election imposed by section 4(1)(b) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11288344\charrsid14239211 Criminal procedure Act is mandatory.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11288344 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid14239211\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 38.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14239211\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid13514480 State v Ravuwai [2014] FJHC 487; HAC118.2014S (3 July 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 
 the accused was charged with a number of counts including a few indictable offences triable summarily. Although no election was given in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court, the case was transferred to the High Court after some time, pursuant to section 191 of the Cri
minal Procedure Act on an application by the Prosecutor. The Court held that due to the failure to put the election to the accused the whole proceedings in the Magistrate\rquote s Court was a nullity, while observing the following;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14239211 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid341207\charrsid14239211 \'93In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211  this case, on the indictab
le offences triable summarily, the learned Magistrate should have put the election for a Magistrate Court or High Court trial, to the accused, in conformity with the requirements of section 4(1)(b) of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009. This election shou
l
d be put to the accused preferably, at first call or soon thereafter. This will enable the Magistrate Court to know which venue or court, the accused prefers to be tried in. If the accused elects a Magistrate Court trial, then the Magistrate Court has jur
isdiction to deal with the matter, in the normal way. If a High Court trial is elected, then the accused must be sent to the High Court for trial as soon as practicable.\'94 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14239211\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs22\insrsid14239211\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 39.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16129250\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8801039 ro}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 m these authorities that were discussed above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 
 it can be deducted that defects in
 proceedings or failures to comply with statutory requirements which are jurisdictional in nature, will essentially result in any ensuing proceedings being nullified. A trial, void ab initio, cannot result either in acquittal or conviction and the accused
 would stand in a position of an untried accused. In a void trial there is neither, conviction, verdict nor judgment. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid13514480 Crane v DPP [1921] 2 AC 299}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13514480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid13514480 The failure to give election, in my opinion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250 directs to the center}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid13514480  of the jurisdiction of the court. The elec
tion must be a well-informed and unequivocal election by the accused for the Magistrate\rquote s Court to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid5712977 ssume}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid13514480 
 jurisdiction to try an indictable offence summarily triable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250\charrsid16129250 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16129250 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid7291266\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid7291266 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 40.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid7291266 The other issue that this court has to consider is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16129250 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid7291266 
 if the failure to give election renders the proceedings a nullity what the next cause of action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14759329\charrsid14759329  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14759329\charrsid7291266 should be}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid7291266 . Section 256 of the Criminal Procedure Act stipulates powers of the high Court as far as an appeal is concerned. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 Accordingly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10639718\charrsid7291266  section 256(2)(c) provi
des, that the High Court may order a new trial as one of the orders that the High Court has power to make in an appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 41.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 If the proceedings were a nullity there cannot be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12612823\charrsid7291266 retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 , but a new trial. Because the accused had never been tried. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid14759329 Emberson v State [1996] FJCA 5; AAU002.1996s (30 August 1996)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 
 the State conceded that election was not given to the accused and therefore the proceedings would become a nullity. The Fiji Court of Appeal remarked;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10114884\charrsid7291266 \'93The}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266  problem is that if as is accepted by the State the proceedings and conviction were a nullity, and we think they were, there could not be retrial. The accused has never been tried.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14759329 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14759329\charrsid14759329 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 42.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid14759329 State v Benu [2004] FJHC 54; HAA0041J.2003S (5March2004)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266  Justice Shameem discussed when would the court order a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid5712977 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 
 and the resultant position of the failure to give election to an accused as follows;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14759329\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs16\insrsid14759329\charrsid10114884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7291266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid7291266 \'93
What kind of errors render the verdict ab initio? Evidently those have the effect of robbing the court of jurisdiction so the trial itself is not a trial. A failure to put the election of court to the accused is one example.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2034370\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid7291266\charrsid2034370 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 43.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5514484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\fs24\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370 Although the proceedings were declared a nullity, it appears the Courts have been reluctant to order new trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid14759329 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370  in cases where the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid14759329 persons have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid2034370\charrsid2034370 
 already served a part of their sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid5514484\charrsid5514484 In Batikalou (supra), a new trial was not ordered, as the appellant ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\fs24\insrsid13267572 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid5514484\charrsid5514484  served more than 4 years of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid14759329 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\fs24\insrsid5514484\charrsid5514484  sentence, even though the Court of Appeal declared the entire proceedings null and void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid5514484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid5514484 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid14759329 Faiz Mohammed v Reg [1963] 9 FLR 98}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid5514484 
, the Appellant had been convicted for two offences only triable by Magistrate\rquote s Court with the consent of the appellant. According to the record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid13267572 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid5514484  trial proceeded before the lower court without consent having been taken. Trial was thereby rendered a nullity. The Court did not order a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid5514484 venire de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid7291266\charrsid5514484  as the Appellant had already served a term of imprisonment.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9851341 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid9851341\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12400223\charrsid2829852 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 44.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2829852\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12400223\charrsid2829852 The counsel for the Respondent submitted that the appeal may be dismissed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852\charrsid2829852 
pursuant to section 256(2)(f) of the Criminal Procedure Act which states that the High 
Court may, notwithstanding that it is of opinion that the point raised in the appeal might be decided in favour of the appellant, dismiss the appeal if it considers that no substantial miscarriage of justice has actually occurred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9851341 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid9851341\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 45.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10639718\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104 am mindful of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852  the ordeal gone through by the Respondent ever since she was charged in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court on 11 February 2015. There is no contention that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14362520 delay in the proceedings in both Courts and the ramifications of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid2829852 
failure to give election }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14362520 may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14362520 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3542104 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14362520  prejudice to the Respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 The Respondent had been represented from the time she was charged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104 Yet n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 either the Respondent\rquote s counsel nor the counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104  for the Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104 appreciated the statutory requirement or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 brought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid3542104 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809  to the attention of the learned Magistrate. Even if the court fails to get the election from an accused due to an oversight, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid13267572 counsel too,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809  have an ethical duty to remind the court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 
 statutory requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809  as officers of the Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3542104 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3542104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809\charrsid3542104  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs20\insrsid11099809\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 46.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11099809\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 Be that as it may, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10702685 this is not a case where a per
son has been deprived of liberty due to incarceration. A clear distinction has to be drawn between the circumstances of this case and other cases where persons have already served parts of their sentences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid11099809  Yet I am mindful that it is the duty of the Court to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10702685\charrsid11099809 
strike a balance between the interest of the accused and the interest of the wider public in determining whether a new trial should be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11099809 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8259010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs18\insrsid10114884\charrsid10114884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 47.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1400042\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid3542104 Azamatula v State [2008] FJCA 84}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 
, the Fiji Court of Appeal discussed the following in relation to ordering a retrial; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1400042 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 As was said by the Privy Council in\~Au Pui-kuen v Attorney-General of Hong Kong\~([1980] AC 351)\~\lquote 
no judge exercising his discretion judicially would require a person who had undergone this ordeal once to endure it for a second time unless the interests of justice required it\rquote \~(see also\~Ting James Henry v HKSAR\~[2007] HKCFA 71).\~
The overriding consideration in the exercise of the power is the interests of justice (Aminiasi Katonivualiku v. The State\~(CAV 0001/1999S; 17 April 2003).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27\alang1115 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f271\fs27\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27\alang1115 \ltrch\fcs0 \f271\fs27\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1400042 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 In the case of\~Au Pui-kuen\~
the Privy Council went on to say that the exercise of discretion to order a retrial requires the consideration of a number of factors, some of which may weigh in favour of a retrial and some against. The Privy Council said that the interes
ts of justice are not confined to the interests of either the prosecutor or the accused in any particular case. They also include the interests of the public that people who are guilty of serious crimes should be brought to justice and should not escape i
t
 merely because of a technical blunder by the judge below. One factor to be considered is the strength of evidence against an accused and the likelihood of a conviction being obtained on a retrial. The weaker the prosecution case, the less likely a retria
l
 would be ordered. Another factor would be identifiable prejudice to an accused whilst awaiting a retrial such as might cause him to be unable to get a fair retrial. It has also been said that a retrial should not be ordered to enable the prosecution to m
ake a new case or to fill in any gaps in evidence (Togara v. State\~(by Majority)\~[1990] FJCA 6).
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1400042\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid1400042 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid11099809 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 48.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid11099809 Offences relating to corruption ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid8259010 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid11099809  a bigger public interest value compared to other offences. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 
The Court has a duty to guarantee a fair trial to all, and in t
he meantime the Court has to ensure that those who commit serious crimes do not escape punishment merely due to technical blunders. However, the discretionary power of the Court to order a new trial must be exercised sparingly and judiciously through care
ful exercise of balancing interests.  Having regard to all the circumstances in this case I am of the opinion that a new trial is justifiable in this instance.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 49.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9851341\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 
In the present case only the second and third counts are indictable offences summarily triable. 
Although the first count is not an electable offence, I am of the view that the first count cannot be considered separately given the circumstances of the case. The first count and the second count are brought against the Respondent for allegedly acceptin
g an allowance termed in this case as \'93verandah hire\'94. Depending on the period relating to the allegations the first count is filed under the old Penal Code and the second count is filed under the Crimes Act. The evidence adduced in the Magistrate
\rquote s Court commonly relates to both counts and they arise from similar transactions allegedly taken place over a period of time. The proceedings in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court had not been conducted separately for each count and the Respondent had been tried for all three counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572\charrsid13267572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 
in one single proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 . 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8259010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 50.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9851341\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid9851341\charrsid8259010 State v Abraan [2018] FJHC 1009; HAC142.2018 (17 October 2018)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 
 the accused was charged for 20 counts in respect of different offences relating to different complainants. After the accused was convicted for fourteen counts the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court transferred the case to the High Court for sentencing pursuant to section 190(1)(b) of the Criminal Procedure Act. Although none of the parties raised that election had not been put to the accused in respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid1322682 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 two of the counts, the Court upon perusal of the record discovered that the accused had not elected the Magistrate\rquote s Court in respect of two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid12612823 indictable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341  offences triable summarily. Those two counts were in respect of two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10320588 separate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341  incidents relating to two complainants. The High Court declared that the proceedings relating to those two counts a nullity and decided to proceed with the sentencing in respect of the other counts. A trial }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f143\insrsid9851341\charrsid13267572 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341  was ordered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid9851341 in respect of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 two counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 
 with indictable offences triable summarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8259010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 51.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9851341\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 
Although the High Court severed the proceedings and ordered a new trial in respect of two counts in Abraan (supra), I am of the view the same approach cannot be adopted in the present case given the nature of the proceedings. In Abraan, the two counts wer
e in respect of two independent incidents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 entirely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341 
 separate from other counts and in respect of two different complainants. It is my considered opinion that if the proceedings are declared a nullity, the first count in the present case cannot be treated sep
arately, given the nature of the alleged transactions, although it is not an electable offence. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9851341 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid9851341\charrsid9851341 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 52.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951 In view of the matters discussed above it is my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 appraised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951 
 opinion that the learned Magistrate did not have jurisdiction to hear the matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951 as a result of the failure to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951  election to the Respondent to choose the Court she wished to be tried. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 Therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951 I decide that the entire proceedings in the magistrate\rquote s Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951 
 a nullity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid16388951\charrsid16388951  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 53.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 In those circumstances there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028 
 is no requirement to consider the merits of the grounds of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028\charrsid8259010 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 54.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8259010\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028\charrsid8259010 Having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 taken into account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028\charrsid8259010  the interest of the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid13267572 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid15561028\charrsid8259010  as well as the other considerations I decide to order a new trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010\charrsid8259010 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028\charrsid8259010 
 in the interest of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid1400042\charrsid8259010 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14239211\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211\charrsid14239211 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028 \hich\af143\dbch\af31506\loch\f143 55.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14239211\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028 In order to ensure a fair trial to the Respondent and to minimize }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid8259010 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028 prejudice caused to the Respondent I order the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11273067 new trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f143\insrsid15561028  to be prioritized }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11273067 before a Resident Magistrate of the Anti-Corruption Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028  and to be concluded }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11273067 as soon as practicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid3281692 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid11273067  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid15561028 
without any further delay. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid14239211 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid341207 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs4\insrsid341207\charrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid341207 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\insrsid10114884\charrsid341207 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6955147\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs4\insrsid6955147\charrsid6955147 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6955147\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs2\insrsid6955147\charrsid6955147 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5387\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5387\itap0\pararsid341207 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid341207\charrsid341207 Rangajeeva Wimalasena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f143\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12008415\charrsid341207 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid341207\charrsid341207 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\insrsid341207\charrsid341207 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8259010 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs24\ul\insrsid8259010\charrsid15364783 At }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs24\ul\insrsid8259010 Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs24\ul\insrsid8259010\charrsid15364783 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid8259010 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid8259010\charrsid15364783  March 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid8259010 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs12\insrsid10114884\charrsid10114884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f143\fs24\ul\insrsid8259010\charrsid15364783 Solicitors
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid16716688\charrsid2051713 Office of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16716688\charrsid2051713 
Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid8259010\charrsid2051713 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12008415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid16716688\charrsid2051713 Munro Leys Solicitors for the Respondent}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f143\fs24\insrsid13110668\charrsid12008415 
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