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\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16466747 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11029237 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16466747 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11029237 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16466747 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11029237 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16466747 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11029237\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11029237  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7670648 6}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11029237 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11029237 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par WESTERN DIVISION AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 CIVIL ACTION No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 HBC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 139}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 BETWEEN \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 PUSHPA KARAN NADAN NAICKER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 (also known as Pushp Karan Naicker) of Votualevu, Nadi, businessman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12784389\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab \tab \tab PLAINTIFF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid12784389\charrsid16010331 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 MUNESHWAR GOUNDER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 
trading as Sunrise Rentals Taxi & Tours of Malolo, Nadi, businessman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12784389\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10430999\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab \tab \tab DEFENDANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12784389\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 APPEARANCES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 Mr R Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331  for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 Mr M Naivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331  for the First Defendant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4674041\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 DATE OF HEARING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 16 & 17 September 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 DATE OF JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 : 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7670648 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7670648  November 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid2977444\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9337473\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid9337473\charrsid16010331 DECISION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 In this action, commenced by writ of summons dated 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\super\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331  July 2018, the plaintiff seeks to recover from the defendant the sum of $67,250 being the total of various amounts which he says he loaned to the defendant between January 2013 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3359655\charrsid16010331 May 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3359655\charrsid16010331 plus the v
alue of video recording and photography }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16132014\charrsid16010331 work }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3359655\charrsid16010331 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13895080\charrsid16010331 , the plaintiff says,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3359655\charrsid16010331  the defendant engaged him to undertake for his (the defendant\rquote s) wedding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16132014\charrsid16010331 June 2017.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3082050\charrsid16010331 
The statement of claim does not expressly seek interest on the amount claimed, but it does seek, in addition to the amount claimed and indemnity costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 any other relief which in the opinion of this Honourable Court is just and expedient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3082050\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16132014\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16132014\charrsid16010331 
In a statement of defence and counterclaim dated 31 July 2018 the defendant denies that he owes the amounts claimed.  It is not completely clear from the statement of defence whether this denial is based on an assertion that the defendant did not receive 
money at all from the plaintiff, or whether it is based on a contention that any money received was not a loan recoverable by the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10690331\charrsid16010331 
.  In relation to the claim for payment for video and photography services the statement of defence asserts that this claim has already been decided against the plaintiff in the Small Claims Tribunal at Nadi.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10690331\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10690331\charrsid16010331 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10690331\charrsid16010331 
 counterclaim the defendant claims the following sums:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16132014\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10690331\charrsid16010331 i.\tab 
$25,002.85 being rental at $160.00 per week for the period from 9 August 2014 to 15 August 2017, when the plaintiff provided accommodation to the plaintiff. 
\par ii.\tab $75,000 for general damages \endash  it is not specified for what.
\par iii.\tab $500,000 for defamation.  The counterclaim does not specify when, or how the plaintiff is said to have defamed the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 However this statement of defence and counterclaim was replaced by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 extremely brief }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 Amended Statement of Defence in July 2019, in which the defendant merely denied the allegations in the statement of claim and put the plaintiff to \lquote strict proof\rquote  
(whatever that means) of the claims. The counterclaim was abandoned. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 Evidence for the plaintiff came from him, his older brother Maya Krishna Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331  a friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 Mangamma Madhwan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1342370\charrsid16010331 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 
from whom the plaintiff borrowed $10,000 and $20,000 respectively to advance to the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1342370\charrsid16010331 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12155288\charrsid16010331 
, Ms Yoki Salvin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 who manages a company }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331 (Addax Fiji Ltd) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 that supplied motor vehicles to the defendant, paid for by the plaintiff, and Ms Vinisha Nata, an employee of the plaintiff who witnessed one of the payments that the plaintiff said he made to the defendant. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 Except for certain aspects of the plaintiff\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16151111\charrsid16010331 , which I will deal with separately,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331  there is no need to discuss his or the evidence of the other witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 
 (which I accept was given honestly and which I believe)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 
 in great detail because there is very little about it that is seriously contested by the defendant.  While he contests the context for and details about how some of the payments were made
 to him and/or the purposes for which they were made, the defendant does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 appear to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 
dispute that he received from the plaintiff the following payments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331  (the information in brackets }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16151111\charrsid16010331 
is the plaintiff\rquote s explanation, not the defendant\rquote s)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1342370\charrsid16010331  to assist him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab i.\tab In January 2013 (for his brother\rquote s wedding)\tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 $2000.00
\par \tab \tab ii.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331 In January 2016 (to purchase a rental car business)\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331  $5000.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8797673\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab iii.\tab In April 2016 (borrowed from the plaintiff\rquote s brother)\tab $10000.00
\par \tab \tab iv.\tab August \endash  September 2016 (three payments to Addax Fiji 
\par \tab \tab \tab Ltd for the purchase of two vehicles)\tab \tab \tab \tab $15000.00
\par \tab \tab v.\tab In September 2016 (borrowed from Ms Madhwan)\tab \tab $20000.00
\par \tab \tab vi.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 In September 2016 (to pay insurance premiums)\tab \tab   $2000.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4289620\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab vii.\tab In June 2017 (borrowed from plaintiff\rquote s sister for the
\par \tab \tab \tab defendant\rquote s wedding)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 $10000.00
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid4260057\charrsid16010331 $64,000.00
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 
Of this sum the plaintiff says the defendant has repaid only $500.00, a payment made in December 2014 in part repayment of the first item.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx4480\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx4480\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 neither clearly admitting or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 
denying that he received these sums, or the benefit of them, from the plaintiff,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331  the defendant says that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 he did receive from the plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 were not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 loans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331  that were repayable by him, but were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 assistance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331  provided by the plaintiff (who he said was rich) that he was not expected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid1342370\charrsid16010331 or obliged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 to repay. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1342370\charrsid16010331 
 The defendant did not actually say the money was a gift, but he seemed to rely on the fact that there was no documentation, or any evidence of an oral or written loan agreement, as an answer to the claim.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 The defendant does not agree either that he repaid $500.00 to the plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 in December 2014 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 as the plaintiff says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331  happened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2827567\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 It is clear that in the course of 2016 the defendant purchased and established a rental car and taxi/tour business.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 admits to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 ying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331  $22,000 for the purchase of the business, which came with one car, and four additional vehicle permits.  To keep the additional permits the defendant needed to buy four additional vehicles to use with them, and he 
required financial assistance to do this.  Some of this he got from a bank loan, but it seems clear that the rest of the money he needed for the business was provided by the plaintiff.  In the absence of any alternative explanation from the defendant abou
t where he got the money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 , and given the equivocal and evasive nature of his defence, I have no hesitation in accepting the evidence of the plaintiff and the plaintiff\rquote 
s witnesses that he was the source of the money as set out above. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1469374\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 9.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1469374\charrsid16010331 With regard to the amount claimed for video and photography work at the defendant\rquote s wedding in June 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331  the evidence is a bit more obscure than that related to the advances.  The plaintiff owns a business that provides photography services for functions and advertising.  T
he plaintiff says the defendant engaged the business to take video and still photographs of his wedding in June 2017, and apparently issued an invoice for $3750.00 for this work.  The invoice was not produced in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 , and the court was not told the date of the invoice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331 .  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 10.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331 The defendant denies that he asked the plaintiff\rquote 
s business to undertake this work, he says the plaintiff did if from his own initiative and there was no arrangement for payment.  Furthermore he 
says (and again this does not seem to be contested) that the plaintiff has not actually provided the video and photos that he says were taken.  All }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10420793\charrsid16010331 the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331  has received is a USB stick, which he says does not work. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 When the plaintiff first took formal steps to recover payment of the money he claims to have advanced he had his solicitors send a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 written }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 demand to the defendant claiming the amount he said was owed.  A copy of this demand dated 7 November 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 (some 5 months after the wedding in question) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10028146\charrsid16010331 was produced in evidence by the plaintiff.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 The demand is for $64,500.00 and refers only to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 
loan given to you to purchase the rental company known as Sun Rise Rentals Taxi and Tours, and purchase of two hybrid cars \'85 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid291858\charrsid16010331 
There is no reference to a sum owing for video and photography services, and the total sought does not appear to include this aspect of the claim.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8600268\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 12.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 No evidence or argument was led about the previous decision of the Small Claims Tribunal referred to in the original statement of defence, and I do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5841058\charrsid16010331 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10557125\charrsid16010331 need to mention this again. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 Law
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 13.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9067663\charrsid16010331 quity does not generally favour the idea of gifts, and so e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 xcept where the presumption of advancement applies, and in the absence of evidence to the contrary, money 
paid by one person to another that is not in payment of a debt or for the purchase of property or services, is assumed to be a loan.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 In the English Court of Appeal in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 Seldon v Davidson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331  [1968] 2 All ER 755 Edmund Davies LJ commented (at p.758): }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13448772\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 
Since the advancement of loans and the making of gifts have been common transactions amongst mankind for many centuries, there is a remarkable paucity of authorities as to on whom the burden lies of distinguishing the one type of transaction from the othe
r. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 
Accordingly, one is really driven back to consider this matter without the assistance of authority; and, being so unassisted, I ask myself what is to be inferred as to the nature of the transaction when the simple payment of money is proved or admitted
 between strangers. I entirely agree with Willmer LJ that on that bald state of affairs, proof of payment imports a prima facie obligation to repay the money in the absence of circumstances from which a presumption of advancement can or may arise.
\par Willmer 
LJ has expressed the view that the loan would be repayable on demand. I would say, if not repayable on demand, at least repayable within a reasonable time of a request for repayment; and, of course, if it be the case that mere loans were made, and later o
n the borrower repudiates the loans and asserts that the advancements were by way of out-and-out gifts, that repudiation of the true nature of the transaction would upon any view render the loans immediately repayable.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 14.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 The presumption of advancement negates this assumption where the relationship between the payer and the recipient is such that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4283377\charrsid16010331 the payer is under an equitable obligation to support, or make provision for the recipient, in which case, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, the payment will be assumed to be a gift.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4283377\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 15.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4283377\charrsid16010331 
These assumptions/presumptions provide a starting point only for any transaction.  In both cases that starting point will become irrelevant if the evidence shows something else was intended.  But the starting point may b
e very important in the absence of evidence of intent, or if such evidence is equivocal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13050799\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 16.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 Relationships that would traditionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid594534\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 give rise to the presumption of advancement include }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331 payments or transfers of property by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 a husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331  in favour of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 his wife, and a father}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331  in favour of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331  his children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331 
, but the presumption does not extend to the reverse of these, i.e. a wife is not presumed to have an obligation to support her husband, nor do children normally have a duty to support their parents such that transfer
s or property or payments of money are taken to be gifts rather than loans.  The fact that the presumption does not apply to these latter situations does not of course mean that the existence of a duty to support cannot be shown, on the particular facts o
f the case, to be owed by a wife to her husband, a child to its father, or in some other relationship. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6694450\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 17.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331 Apart from the application of such presumptions, whether payment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6913016\charrsid16010331 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331  such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6913016\charrsid16010331 were made in this case by the plaintiff to the defendant are loans or gift
s, is a matter of fact to be decided by the Court on the basis of evidence presented.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13657375\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 Analysis
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 18.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 The defendant\rquote s position in this case is not as clear as it might be.  It may be that he acknowledg
es receipt of the money that the plaintiff says that he paid him.  But in any case, I am satisfied on the evidence I have heard that those payments were made to the defendant at the times, in the manner and for the purposes listed in paragraph 6 above.  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10373608\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 19.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 The real contest seems to be whether the payments made by the plaintiff were intended as a loan, or were gifts.  Again, the defendant\rquote 
s position is not expressed as clearly as this, and there is in fact no mention in his defence or his evidence of the payments being intended as gifts. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331 
 Nor is there any suggestion in the statement of defence (which, as I have commented above, was extremely brief and confined only to denials of the claim) or evidence that the payments were in satisfaction of a debt owed b
y the plaintiff to the defendant.  At one point in the course of the hearing it occurred to me that the defendant\rquote s case might be that the plaintiff was investing in the defendant\rquote 
s business, but of course this has not been pleaded, nor was there any evide
nce or argument by the defendant to this effect.  Furthermore, any such argument would not explain the payments made by the plaintiff to the defendant to assist in the cost of his and his brother\rquote s weddings. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 20.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331 In the absence of evidence or argument tha
t either the payments were intended as a gift, or that the relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant was such as to raise a presumption of advancement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 
, or that there was some other reason for the payments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331 , I accept the evidence of the plaintiff that he made the payments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 , at the defendant\rquote s request,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331  as loan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6977616\charrsid16010331 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331  to assist the defendan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 t and his family. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid786525\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6977616\charrsid16010331 
Counsel for the defendant in his closing submissions referred to the absence of any loan agreement, but the law does not insist on formal documentation, particularly when \endash  as here \endash  there is no claim for interest.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 21.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 In the absence of any agreement otherwise, the loans were repayable on demand, which the evidence shows was made no later than 7 November 2017 when the plaintiff\rquote 
s solicitor wrote to the defendant demanding payment (see paragraph 11 above). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13786984\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 22.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 I am not convinced however about the claim by the plaintiff for payment for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 $3750 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 the photography and video services that the plaintiff says the defendant asked him to undertake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331 , on a profes
sional basis, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 for his wedding.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 
As I have noted, no invoices (the plaintiff says there were two) were produced in evidence by the plaintiff.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 
The defendant denies that there was any such request, and I note that the solicitor\rquote s letter of 7 November 2017 demanding payment of amounts claimed by the plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid983208\charrsid16010331 
does not include any reference to the amount said to have been due for these services conducted as recently as August 2017.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 I also note the defendant\rquote 
s assertion that the plaintiff has not provided the material he has been charged for, evidence on which the defendant was not challenged.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid983208\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 23.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid983208\charrsid16010331 If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331 this account had already been sent seeking payment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid983208\charrsid16010331  I would have expected it to be listed in this letter as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331 part of the amount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid983208\charrsid16010331  the plaintiff was seeking. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331  If, on the other hand, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 
invoices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331  had not yet been sent, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 omission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 of this claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2445517\charrsid16010331 
from the letter indicates might have been the case, perhaps it was something that the plaintiff decided only later to charge.  This would call into question the plaintiff\rquote s a
ssertion that the defendant had asked his business to undertake this work on a professional basis (i.e. in the expectation of being paid).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 
Although the plaintiff was not cross-examined about this by counsel for the defendant, the absence of an invoice/invoices with a date and details of the service supplied leads me to conclude, on the balance of probabili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331 es, that this aspect of the claim is unproven. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid14038062\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid14038062\charrsid16010331 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12612365\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid6423292\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14038062\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 24.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14038062\charrsid16010331 Accordingly the plaintiff is entitled to judgement against the defendant in the sum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 
$63,500.00 for the loans made to the defendant less the repayment of $500.00 as set out in paragraph 11 above.  The plaintiff has not claimed interest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid14038062\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 25.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 The claim for payment of the invoice for $3750.00 for video and photography services at the defendant\rquote s wedding is dismissed. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16010331\charrsid16010331 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 \hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 26.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9519565\charrsid16010331 I assess costs summarily at $7,000.00. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16010331 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5574063\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid13314229\charrsid16010331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid16010331 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 _________
\par A.G. Stuart
\par Judge
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12784389\charrsid16010331 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16010331 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 At Lautoka this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\super\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid7670648 day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid7670648\charrsid7670648 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid7670648 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16533881\charrsid16010331 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 SOLICITORS:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3303228\charrsid16010331 Fazilat Shah Legal, Barristers & Solicitors, Lautoka, for the Plaintiff 
\par Law Naivalu, Barristers & Solicitors, Lautoka, for the Defendant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15470781\charrsid16010331 
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