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{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
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{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
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{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
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{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
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{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
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\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4654597 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid4654597 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par WESTERN DIVISION AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid3693995\charrsid4654597 [APPELLATE] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid4654597 JURISDICTION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4654597 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid4654597 
\par CIVIL APPEAL ACTION NO. HBA 18 OF 2018
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5440597\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0
\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4654597\yts22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 IN THE MATTER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 of an appeal from the decision of the Lautoka Magistrates Court in Civil Action No. 99 of 2017.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5440597\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid4654597 
\par \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4654597\yts22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 BETWEEN 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 FIJI PERFORMING RIGHT ASSOCIATION LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 
 a duly registered company under the laws of Fiji and having its place of business at 66 McGregor Road, Suva.
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15666104\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\pararsid4654597\yts22 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 APPELLANT/ORIGINAL PLAINTIFF
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4654597\yts22 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11547685\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4654597\yts22 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 AND           }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 LAUTOKA SUGAR FESTIVAL ASSOCIATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 
 a body duly incorporated under the provisions of the Charitable Trusts Act and having its office at 49 Vitogo Parade, Lautoka.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\pararsid4654597\yts22 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5392471\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\pararsid4654597\yts22 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 RESPONDENT/ORIGINAL DEFENDANT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4654597\yts22 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4654597\charrsid4654597 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts22\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid14633709\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3693995 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid3693995 Appearances\tab      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13571709   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid3693995  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3693995 : Mr A. Doctor with Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid13571709 M. Hall and Mr P. Katia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3693995  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1663539\charrsid2058505  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 appellant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3693995 \tab \tab         }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid13571709   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 Mr K. Tunidau for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13571709  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 respondent 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid3693995\charrsid2058505 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13571709 
   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3693995\charrsid3693995 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3693995  14 February 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 : 08 May 2019
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs48 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs48\ul\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 J U D G M E N T
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 Introduction 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1663539 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 [01]\tab 
This is an appeal from the Magistrates Court held at Lautoka. By his decision delivered on 28 September 2018, arrived at after the conclusion of the plaintiff\rquote s case, the learned Magistrate (\lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 the Magistrate\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 ) dismissed the plaintiff\rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1663539\charrsid2058505  without costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [02]\tab The appellant has also filed an application supported by an affidavit seeking leave to adduce further evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1663539\charrsid2058505 The background
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [03}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 ] \tab The background facts of the case are that:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5315985\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 Fiji Performing Rights Association Limited, the plaintiff (\lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 the appellant\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  in these proc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5315985 eedings) is a non-profit organis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 
ation and tasked to administer the performing rights of its local composers and song-writing members.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5315985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5315985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 Lautoka Sugar Festival Association, the defendant (\lquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 the respondent\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 
 in these proceedings) is an entity responsible for organising the Sugar Festival which is a carnival held at Churchill park in or around September every year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 where}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  a lot of music is played by the organisers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 as well as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  vendors for the different stalls at the venue.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5315985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5315985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 
Under a license agreement with the Australian Performing Right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5315985 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  Association (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 \'94), the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 
appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 also represents the performing rights of over 2 million foreign composers whenever their musical works are played or performed to the public throughout }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 
 The appellant, by virtue of that agreement, claimed to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 the copyright owner of all the musical works registered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 appellant and APRA, and alleged that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5845223\charrsid2058505 
respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 does not have any rights in any of the music it has played/performed or allowed to be played/performed during the Sugar Festival.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid2058505  The appellant further alleged that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 
he bands/performers/recorded music have at all the material time played/performed copyright protected music }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid2058505 such as:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid13197983\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573 Baby Ko Bass Pasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid5315985\charrsid15414573 nd Hai composed by Shekhar H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573 asmukh, Ravjiani;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5315985\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 b.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid5315985\charrsid15414573 Mashallah composed by Sajid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573  Khan;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 c.\tab}Prem Ratan Dhan Payo composed by Himesh Vipin, Reshammiya; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13197983\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 d.\tab}Daru on the House composed by JSL Singh.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13197983\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1368\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1368\itap0\pararsid15414573\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13197983\charrsid2058505 The appellant specifically complained that}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  the following songs were played at the Sugar Festival}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5315985  in Churchill Park between 8.30pm and 12.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 pm on 15 September 2016:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1368\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1368\itap0\pararsid15414573\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15414573\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3544008\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 We will rock you by Queen;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 b.\tab}Thriller by Michael Jackson;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 c.\tab}Rockstar 101 by Rihanna feat Slash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid7021629 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid15414573 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 d.\tab}Revolution by Dip}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid7021629 lo feat. Faustix & Imanos & Kai.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid3544008 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1800\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid4654597\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid4654597\charrsid15414573 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1368\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1368\itap0\pararsid15414573\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 
The respondent, according to the appellant, is not authorized, nor does it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  have the requisite licence, to play/perform or allow others to play/perform the music listed ab}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 ove, nor any other music that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  does not have permission or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 the requisite licence all songs,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 m}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 usic that has been played/performed during the Sugar Festival for the past 6 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1368\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1368\itap0\pararsid15414573\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15414573\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1368\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1368\itap0\pararsid15414573\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 It was the appellant\rquote s position that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 he defendant was informed by the plaintiff of its legal obligations pursuant to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 Copyright }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505 Act, and to cease the infringement of copyright to these works but the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1662673\charrsid2058505  has refused and/or neglected to obtain a license and continues to infringe on the copyright of these works. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid3544008\charrsid2058505 As a result, the appellant brought action in the Magistrates Court against the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3345536\charrsid2058505 seeking the following relief:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3345536\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3345536\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3345536\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 pecial damages in the sum of $11,866.97 being the unpaid license fee for the material time; or in the alternative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 n order for an account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629  of profit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629  and for the plaintiff to be apportioned a share of the profit; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629\charrsid7021629 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 eneral damages;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 An injunction restraining the defendant and/or its directors, servants, employees and/or agents from allowing offering contracting, consenting, concluding or permitting the live performance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629  recorded broadcast or otherwise or any copyright music on any of its properties witho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 ut a license from the plaintiff;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 Interest
 under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Death and Interest) Act [Cap 27] on the award of damages a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 
 the rate of four cents p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 er centum per annum from time of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629  entering up the Judgment until the same shall be satisfied}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629  and such interest may be levied under a Writ of Execution on such Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629  and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 Solicitors costs on an indemnity basis; and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (g)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 
Total claim and costs limited to $50,000.00 to be within the jurisdiction of this Honourable Court;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (h)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9448914\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629 Any other Order/relief as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9448914\charrsid7021629  this Honourable Court may deem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid3345536\charrsid7021629  just and expedient.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1662673\charrsid7021629 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7959913 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [04}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3345536\charrsid2058505 ]\tab 
The respondent filed a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9448914\charrsid2058505  statement of defence, barely denied the appellant\rquote s claim and put the appellant to the strict proof of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7959913\charrsid2058505 its claim. The appellant claimed that under a license agreement with APRA, the appellant also represents 
the performing rights of over 2 million foreign composers whenever their musical works are played or performed to the public throughout Fiji and claimed the copyright owner of all the musical works registered by the appellant and APRA, to which the respon
dent pleaded that: \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\insrsid7959913\charrsid7021629 the defendant can neither admit nor deny\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7959913\charrsid7021629 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1663539\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1847616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [05}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7959913\charrsid2058505 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 After the appellant\rquote 
s case, the respondent through its counsel informed the Magistrate that the respondent does not wish to call witnesses and sought leave to file submission on non-suit. 
The parties filed their respective submissions. The Magistrate upheld the submission of non-suit advanced by the respondent and dismissed the appellant\rquote s action. The appellant appeals to this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1663539\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 
\par The decision of court below
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1847616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [06}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 ]\tab The Magistrate concludes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505  as follows [at paras 22 to 25]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1984\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1984\itap0\pararsid1066673 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 \'9322.\tab 
As per Section 75 of the Copy Right Act 99 it is clear that it is not an infringement of a copyright if a sound recording is played as part of the activities of or for the benefit of a cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 
ub, society or any other organiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 
ation if the objects of the club, society or organization are charitable or are otherwise concerned with the advancement of religion, education or social welfare. As per the objectives of the Lautoka Sugar Festival Association it is very clear that 
it falls well within the scope of Section 75 of the Copy Right Act.
\par 23.\tab However, in this case the Court need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629  not even consider whether the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 efendant h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid7021629 as infringed copyrights of the Plaintiff as the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 laintiff has failed to prove that the plaintiff is the copyright owner of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid7021629 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 the musical works that were alleged to have played at the Sugar Festival.
\par 24.\tab Therefore, I do not see any reason to consider the other issues in this case for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629  reasons I have mentioned above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629\charrsid2058505 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505  the ci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid7021629 rcumstances, I decide that the P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 laintiff has failed to prove its case on a balance of probability.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li544\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin544\itap0\pararsid1066673 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 25.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid813307     Accordingly, I dismiss the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 laintiff\rquote s action without costs.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 Grounds of appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 [0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1066673\charrsid2058505 ]\tab 
The appellant appeals the decision of the Magistrate on the following 8 grounds:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1847616\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 That the Le
arned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in finding that appellant/original plaintiff is not the copyright owner of all the musical works played by respondent/original defendant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in not considering the evidence of the musical works played by the vendors for the different stalls at the carnival organized by the respondent/original defendant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in finding that there was no contract between the Australian Performing Rights Association (\lquote APRA\rquote ) an appellant/original plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in finding that the agreement between APRA and Indian Performing Right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid813307 s S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 ociety did not apply to the appellant/original plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in finding that section 75 of the Copyright Act was a general exception to the infringement of copyright.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 That the Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid813307  finding that the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 /original 
defendant satisfied section 75(2) of the Copyright Act when no evidence of this was adduced at trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
That Learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in not according the appellant/original plaintiff liberty to sum up his case, upon learning that the defendant will not call any witnesses.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1701\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin850\lin1701\itap0\pararsid1066673\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
The appellant/original plaintiff reserved the right to amend or add to the grounds of appeal at any time subject to leave being granted by, and upon such terms as may be prescribed by the appellate court. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183033 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 The legal framework}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid10183033\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2830619 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 [08]\tab 
On new evidence on appeal, the Magistrates Court Rules as amended (\lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 MCR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505 \rquote 
), Order 37, Rule 16, provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2830619 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 New evidence on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1417\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1417\itap0\pararsid94047 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  It is not open, as of right, to any party to an appeal to adduce new evidence in support of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid813307  or her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  original case; but, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 for the furtherance of justice, the appellate court may, where it thinks fit, allow or require new evidence to be adduced}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 . A party may, by leave of the appellate court, allege any facts essential to the issue that have come to his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid813307  or her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  knowledge after the decision of the court below, and adduce evidence in support of such allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2058505  (Emphasis supplied)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2830619 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3933427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3933427\charrsid2058505 [09]\tab 
The MCR, O 37, R 18, explains the general power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid813307 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3933427\charrsid2058505 
 of the appellate court for determining the real question in controversy in the appeal, which says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3933427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 General powers of appellate court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1417\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1417\itap0\pararsid813307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 The appellate court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
 may, from time to time, make any order necessary for determining the real question in controversy in the appeal, and may amend any defect or error in the record of appeal, and may direct the court below to inquire into and certify its finding on any ques
tion which the appellate court thinks fit to determine before final judgment in the appeal, and, generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
, shall have as full jurisdiction over the whole proceedings as if the proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
had been instituted and prosecuted in the appellate court as a court of first instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 , and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
may rehear the whole case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619  or may remit it to the court below to be reheard, or to be otherwise dealt with as the appellate court directs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid3933427\charrsid2058505  (Emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2762776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3933427\charrsid2058505 [10]\tab 
Under the MCR, O 37, R 19, the appellate court has power to give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2762776\charrsid2058505  any decision, that rule states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2830619 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid813307\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2762776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
Power of appellate court to give any decision or make any order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1417\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1417\itap0\pararsid2762776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid813307 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid813307  The appellate court shall have power to give any judgment and make any order that ought to have been made, and to make such further or other orders as the 
case may require, including any order as to costs. These powers may be exercised by the appellate court, notwithstanding that the appellant may have asked that part of a decision may be reversed or varied, an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid15337978\charrsid813307 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid813307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15337978\charrsid813307 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid813307 
ay also be exercised in favour of all or any of the respondents or parties, although such respondents or parties may not have appealed from or complained of the decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid2830619\charrsid2830619 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14485089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2762776\charrsid2058505 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14485089\charrsid2058505 \tab The claim before the Magistrates Court was based on copyright ownership. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9127532\charrsid2058505 Copyr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14485089\charrsid2058505 ight Act, section 75}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9127532\charrsid2058505  enacts:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1997576\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qc \li1417\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1417\itap0\pararsid16346248 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 Playing of sound recording}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113847\charrsid813307 
s for purposes of club, society etc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1417\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1417\itap0\pararsid16346248 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 75}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113847\charrsid813307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 (1) It is not an infringement of copyright in a sound recording to play the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813307\charrsid813307  sound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 
 recording as part of the activities of, or for the benefit of, a club, society, or other organisation, if the conditions contained in subsection (2) are complied with.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1701\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1701\itap0\pararsid14113847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 (2) The conditions referred to in subsection (1) are-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1871\ri907\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1871\itap0\pararsid14113847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 ) that the club, society or organisation is not established or conducted for profit;
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 
) that the main objects of the club, society, or organisation are charitable or are otherwise concerned with the advancement of religion, education}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid2058505 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 or social welfare; and
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16346248\charrsid813307 
) that the proceeds of any charge for admission to the place where the recording is to be heard are applied solely for the purposes of the club, society or organisation.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin0\itap0\pararsid14113847 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid813307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid13330132 Application to adduce new evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid9127532\charrsid13330132 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid13330132 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid9596704 [12]\tab 
Before dealing with the appeal, I would intend to deal with the application filed by the appellant to adduce new evidence on appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15403748 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid4813737 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4813737\charrsid4813737 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4813737 The appeal is from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4813737 trial and final determination of the Magistrates Court. The MCR applies to this appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4813737\charrsid4813737 The MCR}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4813737 , O 37, R 16, empowers the appellate court (High Court) to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748\charrsid15403748 allow or require new evidence to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361\charrsid15403748 adduced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361  for the furtherance of justice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748 
However, it is not open, as of right, to any party to an appeal to adduce new evidence in support of his original case.\tab It is to be noted that, under Rule 16, the appellate court is vested with the discretion to allow such new eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361 ce on appeal where it think fit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361  for furtherance of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748\charrsid15403748 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748 [14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 Of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 he governing principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 
 adducing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  new evidence on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid16194252 Lord Denning in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid8793492 Ladd v Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  [1954] 3 All 745 set}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16145183 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 
 out the principles applicable in considering whether leave should be granted at the appeal to adduce further or fresh evidence as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1287\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1287\itap0\pararsid13330132 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 \'93First, it 
must be shown that the evidence could not have been obtained with reasonable diligence for use at the trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1287\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1287\itap0\pararsid13330132 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 \tab Second, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid15403748 evidence must be that, if given, it would probably have an important influence on the result of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 , although it need not be decisive.
\par \tab Third, the evidence must be such as is p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 resumably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 
 to be believed or in other words, it may be apparently credible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 
 although it need not be incontrovertible\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15403748 (My emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid12066304 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin0\itap0\pararsid14113847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid13330132 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8333217 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748 [15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8333217 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 The rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid1254661 Ladd v Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15403748 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 applied to appeals from trial and final dete
rmination and not deliberately leaving over points for the purpose of appeals.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8333217 [16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 ]\tab 
The discretion to admit fresh evidence on appeal has to be exercised in accordance with the overriding objective (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13330132\charrsid5778353 Evan v Tiger Investment Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132  [2002] EWCA CN 161, [2002] 2BLLC 185).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin0\itap0\pararsid14113847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8333217\charrsid8333217 [17]\tab The app}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8333217 ellant seeks leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1644232 adduce further evidence, specifically: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13330132 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-360\li1446\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin907\lin1446\itap0\pararsid15673418\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 the Contract of Reciprocal Representation &
 Administration between the Australian Performing Rights Association Limited and the Fiji Performing Rights Association Limited referred to paragraphs 12 \endash  15 of the Ruling dated 28 September 2018.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1446\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin907\lin1446\itap0\pararsid15673418\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1446\ri907\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin907\lin1446\itap0\pararsid15673418\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 a letter dated 23 May 2016 extending the operation of the
 said Contract of Reciprocal Representation & Administration, referred to in Exhibit 2.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15673418\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15673418\charrsid15673418 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid15673418 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15673418 [18]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9596704 
The grounds for the application are contained in the supporting affidavit in paragraphs 3 to 12 that: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9134674 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9134674 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \'93\'85
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 In paragraphs 1-5 of the Sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15025207 tement of Claim (\'93Claim\'94), the Plaintiff/A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 ppella}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15025207 nt avers, inter alia, that it had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
 a license agreement with the Australian Performing Rights Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15025207 ociation (\'93APRA\'94) and that the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
ppellant represents the performing rights of over 2 million foreign composers and is considered the copyright owner of all musical works (\'93Works\'94) registered by it and APRA. A copy of the said licence agreement titled \lquote 
Contract of Reciprocal Representation and Administration\rquote  is annexed to my affidavit marked \'93A\'94. A copy of a letter extending the term of that said licence agreement is annexed to my affidavit and marked \'93B\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 These claims were not denied i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid15025207 n the Defendant/R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 espondents Statement of Defence. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
I am informed by our legal counsel that the Magistrates Court rules requires the Court to be taken as establi
shed during the hearing, any allegation in the statement of claim that is not denied specifically or by necessary implication or stated to be not admitted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
Had this been the case, then our legal counsel was entitled to proceed with the hearing knowing that the Court had ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15025207 cepted as proven fact that the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 ppellant, pursuant to the licence agreement with APRA, was owner of the copyright for public performance of all the musical works registered to APRA including the works identified in paragraphs 8 (a)-(d) of
 the Statement of Claim.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 7.\tab}Page 26 of the Agreement between APRA and IPRS, which was tendered a
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid12137444 s P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 laintiff\rquote s Exhibit 2 du}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid12137444 ring the Trial, shows, and the D}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid12137444 fendant/R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
espondent did not dispute that, the IPRS confers its rights as copyright owner on to APRA in APRA\rquote s territories which are specifically provided in Article 6 of the said Agreement.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 Article}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081 
 6 of Plaintiff\rquote s E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 xhibit 2 states that Fiji Island is one of the territories in which APRA operates.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 However in the Ruling to which this application relates, para}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081 graphs 15 & 16 states that the Plaintiff is not a party to the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
greement between APRA and the Indian Performing Rights Society (\'93IPRS\'94) and is not shown to be the copyright }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081 owner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
of the public performance right in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081  Works allegedly played by the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 efendant.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 I am informed by counsel that based on the undenied Claim an}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081 d the APRA-IPRS Agreement, the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
ppellant did not tender the licence agreement between APRA and FPRA to demonstrate the FPRA is entitled to exercise the right conferred to APRA within the Fiji Islands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
I am advised by my counsel that the contract of Reciprocal Representation & Administra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15033081 tion between APRA and the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
ppellant is necessary for the furtherance of justice, since the Magistrate Court did not accept to be taken as established at the Trial the first 5 paragraphs of the claim, which was mandatory requirement for the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid9134674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1474\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1474\itap0\pararsid9134674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674 \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid9134674\charrsid9134674 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid15673418 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9596704 [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15673418 
The appellant wants this application to be heard and determined concurrently with the appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid544876 The submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid9596704 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 [20]\tab Mr Doctor, on behalf of the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361 contends and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid544876 submits that the court should follow the following propositions:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 For the reasons already given, additional evidence will be more readily admitted in a re-hearing, than in an appeal in the strictest sense (Mickelberg v R);
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 Evidence to fill 
an evidentiary gap (Prasad) will be more readily received than evidence to contradict evidence that was given and accepted at trial (Ladd v Marshall);
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
The fact that the material was available at trial, while always a factor, will not be decisive if the decision not to tender it is explained (Prasad);
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
A Court hearing an appeal from a summary proceeding may admit additional evidence more readily than one hearing an appeal from a full High Court hearing; ANZ v Merchant Bank, citing Coir Industries v Louvre Windows (1984), unreported);
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 \loch\af3\dbch\af31506\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid544876\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid544876\charrsid5512361 
The ultimate question will be that proposed by the Rule: what course best contributes to the furtherance of justice?
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid15673418 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15033081 [21]\tab On the other hand, Mr Tu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5512361 
nidau of counsel for the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15229138  contended that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2361328 : the appellant in this case wa
nts to introduce on appeal a contract it had with the Australian Performing Rights Association (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid2361328\charrsid7079076 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2361328 
). The contract is not a fresh evidence because the appellant tendered as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid2361328\charrsid7079076 Exhibit PEX (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2361328 
 in the trial a covering letter dated 12 June 2018 that made reference to the contract. However, the contract itself was not tendered into evidence. The respondent will be prejudiced if the application is allowed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid15229138  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2361328 He heavily placed reliance on O 55, R 7 (2) of the HCR and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid10638503\charrsid10638503 
Rajesh Kumar v Nawin Prasad Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10638503  (Appeal No. 26 of 2013), case decided on application made under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417  the HCR, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10638503 O 55, R 7 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid10638503  which gives power to the court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417  to receive further evidence on questions of facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417 [22]\tab This appeal is from the Magistrates Court, and the MCR applies to it. O 55 relates to appeals to High Court from Court, Tribunal or General Person and Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4279989 s under O 55 do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7079076  not apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417 
 to any appeal under any enactment for which rules governing appeals have been made thereunder, save to the extent that rules do not provide for any matter dealt with by these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4279989 
 rules (see O 55, R 1 (3)). The current appeal is governed by the MCR which speci
fically has provision under O 37, R 16 for the appellate court to allow new evidence on appeal. Since the MCR has specific rule relating to admission of new evidence on appeal, O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16321842 
 55, R 7 (2) has no application to this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8023352  I would, therefore, disregard all the contention put in in relation to O 55, R 7 (2) and the case (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid8023352\charrsid8023352 Kumar v Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8023352 ) cited by the respondent as irrelevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6827417\charrsid5512361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8023352 [23]\tab The respondent vehemently objects leave being granted to the appellant to adduce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12594803 further}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8023352  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12594803  on appeal. The objection is taken on the ground that it will prejudice the respondent if such evidence is allowed on appeal.

\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid12594803\charrsid12594803 Pleadings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid12594803  before Magistrates Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid12594803\charrsid12594803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12594803 [24]\tab In the statement of claim, the appellant pleaded [at paragraph 3 and 4] the existence of the agreement with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15480584  the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15480584\charrsid7079076 APRA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15480584 an
d that its effect is to make the appellant the copyright owner of all musical works registered by the appellant and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15480584\charrsid7079076 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid15480584 , and the appellant also pleaded that the works identified in paragraph 8 were themselves works in which the appellant is the copyright owner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12594803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15480584 [25]\tab By its statement of defence, the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11625323 
 barely denied the allegations in the statement of claim and put the appellant to the strict proof thereof. It will be noted that the allegation of existence of the agreement with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid11625323\charrsid7079076 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11625323 , and its effect in making the appellant the copyright owner, were neither admitted nor denied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid15480584 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid15033081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4601244 [26]\tab 
The MCR, O 16, R 3 applies to pleadings in the Magistrates Court. R 3 (e) requires that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid4601244\charrsid4601244 \lquote the defendant\rquote 
s pleading shall deny all such material allegations in the statement of claim as the defendant intends to deny at the hearing.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid4601244  And R 3 (f) states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15033081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7079076 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908 Allegations shall not be met generally, but specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid417982 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908 
(f) It shall not be sufficient to deny generally the facts alleged by the statement of claim but the defendant must 
deal specifically therewith, either admitting or denying the truth of each allegation of fact seriatim, as the truth or falsehood of each is within his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7079076  or her}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908  knowled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7079076 ge, or (as the case may be) stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908 ing that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7079076  or she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908  does not know whether such allegation or allegations is or are true or otherwise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7079076 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5181908\charrsid5181908 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4534445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid417982 [27]\tab Mr Doctor, touching the respondent
\rquote s pleading, submits that the defendant\rquote s decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4534445  to not admit, but to not deny a matter, precludes him then denying it at trial, and the party on whom the proof of that fa
ct rests is entitled to take that into account in forming a view as to how that matter is to be proven. He further submits that the tribunal of fact ought also to have regard to the decision of the defendant as to what would or would not be placed in issu
e, and that the degree of satisfaction necessary to accept a fact as proven after contest will be higher than that necessary to accept the fact if the opposing party puts up no objection and offers no contrary evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5181908 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11673720 [28]\tab It is true that the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16266379  neither denied nor admitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid11673720  the allegation in the statement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16266379 claim that the appellant had an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11673720  agreement with }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11673720\charrsid7079076 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11673720 
, and its effect in making the appellant the copyright owner. If the respondent were unaware of such agreement, they should have denied it. The
 respondent had failed to deny the material fact that the appellant had copyright ownership over the works identified in para 8 of the statement of claim. In the cir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6436905 
cumstances, the appellant was entitled to take it as admitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4534445 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16266379 [29]\tab The respondent objects 
to leave being granted to the appellant to adduce further evidence on appeal in support of its original claim. The basis of their objection is that they will be prejudiced if the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7079076 
ppellant were allowed to adduce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16266379  further evidence. I cannot accept this because the respondent did not deny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1338115  the fact}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1456713  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1338115 
 the appellant had copyright ownership. Therefore, the question of prejudice will not arise if leave were granted to the appellant to adduce further evidence on appeal in support of their original claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16266379 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16532764 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1456713 [30]\tab The
 appellate court, under the MCR, O 37, R 16, has the discretion to allow or require new evidence for furtherance of justice. I would like to exercise the discretion in favour of granting leave to the appellant to adduce new evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1456713\charrsid7079076 i.e. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076 the Contract of R
eciprocal Representation & Administration between the Australian Performing Rights Association Limited and the Fiji Performing Rights Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076 Limited. In my opinion, such evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076 would probably have an important influence on the result of the case. I would, therefore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2493925\charrsid7079076 grant leave and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16532764\charrsid7079076 allow the appellant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2493925\charrsid7079076 adduce the agreement in support of its original claim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1456713\charrsid7079076 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid15673418 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid2493925\charrsid2493925 The appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid12594803 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6452891\charrsid6452891 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6452891 \tab I now turn to the appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri4\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin720\itap0\pararsid14437818 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6452891 [32]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14437818 At the hearing of the appeal, counsel for the appellant has confined the grounds of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5058723 to three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid544876  principal grounds:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid5058723\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 
On the evidence before him, and in the context of the pleadings, the learned Magistrate ought to have found that FPRA had proven, on the balance of probabilities, that it was the owner of copyright as it applies to the public perfo
rmance of each of the musical works identified in paragraph 8 of the Statement of Claim (Appeal Grounds 1 and 3);
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid5058723\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5058723\charrsid5058723 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid5058723\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 The plaintiff\rquote 
s failure to tender the Contract of Reciprocal Representation and Administration gave rise to an \'93evidential gap\'94 (as a similar
 omission was described by Judge Anare Tuilevuka in  Prasad v Dominion Insurance [2015] FJHC 596) which can and should be corrected by the admission of that document as additional evidence on appeal; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5058723\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5058723\charrsid5058723 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid5058723\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid5058723 The Defence under Section 75 was misconceived, as t
he plaintiff did not sue in respect of copyright in sound recordings.  The case before the Magistrate miscarried when neither learned Magistrate nor the representatives of the parties appreciated the distinction, made clearly by the Copyright Act, between
 
a musical work (a song written by a composer or lyricist) and a sound recording (the embodiment of a performance of that song in a particular device which can be used to replay the recording).  Section 75 has no application to musical works (Appeal Ground
 5).
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5058723 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid544876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5058723 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5058723\charrsid5058723 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5058723 \tab I need not further discuss the issue of the admission of the document (the agreement) (ground 3 above) as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7079076  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5058723  have allowed to adduce that document on appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1654327\charrsid1654327 Proof of copyright ownership}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid1654327  (ground 1 above)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1654327\charrsid1654327 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8788167 \tab The appellant claimed among other things damages for violation of the appellant\rquote 
s copyright. The pleaded copyright ownership over all the musical works played by the respondent. The respondent did not specifically deny this particular allegation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1654327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8788167 [35]\tab At the trial, the appellant called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1793587 two witnesses in support of its claim and tendered as }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid1793587\charrsid1793587 Exhibit PEX (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1793587  a covering letter dated 12 June 2018 which made reference to the contract the appellant had with }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid1793587\charrsid5977830 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1793587 . The contract itself was not tendered as evidence. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13922534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1793587 [36]\tab The appellant\rquote 
s first witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 was Seru Serevi, Fijian musician and composer (\lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13922534\charrsid13922534 PW1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 \rquote )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 The summary of his evidence was as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-856\li2160\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2160\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \'93A.\tab 
Fiji Performing Right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5977830 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736  Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid5977830 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \'85is affiliated worldwide through reciprocal agreement with APRA Australia.  \'85\'85\'85..Fiji Performance Association which 
is affiliated to worldwide affiliation through its reciprocal agreement with APRA which is Australasian Performing [Right] Association. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \tab Q:\tab 
Can you give us what is the main idea of this reciprocal agreement?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-855\li2159\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2159\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 A:\tab 
To make sure that the composers are paid for their work that they do.  And that is to collect fees from usage of music local in Fiji.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \tab Q:\tab 
That is for both Australian?
\par \tab A:\tab Locals and international repertoire\'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-855\li2159\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2159\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 Q:\tab 
So quite simply what you mean to say is in Fiji we collect royalties for composers in Fiji and the\'85.Australasian Performing Right Association, is that correct?
\par A:\tab Yeah, for local composers and international repertoire.  In other words international composers\'85
\par Q:\tab If I could just show you this document?  (document is shown to the witness).  Could you please explain what this document is?
\par A:\tab This document is renewal of our reciprocal agreement with APRA which also automatically renews our association with worldwide affiliations.  (document tendered and marked as Plaintiff\rquote s Exhibit 1).
\par Q:\tab So we have this reciprocal agreement with APRA, what about the other countries?  How are they connected with FPRA?
\par A:\tab We have the worldwide under the [Berne] (sic.in transcript, \lquote Wrong\rquote ) Convention of Intellectual Property is governed by a world body but Fiji is y
et to become a part of that world body.  So what we are doing right now is through the association in Australia which is representing Fiji in that world body.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \tab Q:\tab 
How do Fiji cover songs from other countries apart from Australia?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-855\li2159\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2159\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 A:\tab Through that reciprocal
 agreement from Australia to other countries then from APRA to Fiji.  That is how we are given the OK to collect locally.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \tab Q:\tab 
You mean you are given the rights?
\par \tab A:\tab Yeah, rights.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 Q:\tab 
So you have an agreement with APRA?
\par A:\tab Yeah.
\par Q:\tab And APRA has an agreement with other countries?
\par A:\tab Yeah.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-855\li2159\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2159\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 Q:\tab 
Would you know if APRA has an agreement with the Indian Performing Rights Society Association?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1304\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1304\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 \tab A:\tab They do.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-823\li2127\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin2127\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 Q:\tab 
And Fiji has their agreement with the Australasian Performing Right Association that allows them to collect on behalf of Indian composers?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri567\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin0\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876              \tab         }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 A:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876            }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid544876\charrsid13716736 That is right sir.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 [37]\tab 
The respondent, having opted to not to give evidence either oral or documentary, made \lquote no case to answer\rquote  (non-suit is an ancient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13005419  terminology. It has become obsolete. I
n modern law, the phrase \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13005419\charrsid13005419 no case to an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13005419 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13005419\charrsid13005419 wer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13005419 \rquote  has been used interchangeably in criminal and civil proceeding).
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13005419\charrsid13005419 No case to answer  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13922534\charrsid13005419   \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13005419 [38]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14041912 
Since the respondent made submission for no case to answer without adducing any evidence, the Magistrate only considered and analysed the evidence given on behalf of the appellant, came to the conclusion [at para 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611  of the Magistrate\rquote s ruling]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14041912  that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13005419 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1984\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1984\itap0\pararsid14041912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14041912 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 However, in this case the Court need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912  not even consider whether the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 efendant h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912 as infringed copyrights of the Plaintiff as the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 
laintif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1001044 f has failed to prove that the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 laintiff is the copyright owner of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\insrsid14041912 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 the musical works that were alleged to have played at the Sugar Festival.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid1131611 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid14041912\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1131611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611 [39]\tab 
Based on that conclusion, the Magistrate dismissed the appellant\rquote s claim without costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14041912 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611 [40]\tab The basis for the Magistrate\rquote s decision [at 16] falls away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16477611 
 since I have granted leave to the appellant to adduce, on appeal, the agreement the plaintiff had with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16477611\charrsid1001044 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16477611 , which made the appellant as copyright owner of all the music and songs played or performed by the respondent at the Sugar Festival. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7167010 [41]\tab 
The allegation that the appellant was the copyright owner of all the music and songs played by the respondent at the Sugar Festival was not put in dispute. The respondent neither denied nor admitted it. In
 the circumstances, the Magistrate should have taken the fact as admitted. In addition, there was unchallenged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 and straightforward }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid7167010 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112  of existence of the agreement with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid13656112\charrsid1001044 APRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 . The Magistrate has failed to appreciate it. In my opinion, the Magistrate should have accepted that ownership of copyright is established.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16477611 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 [42]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112\charrsid13656112 The appellate court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112  may}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112\charrsid13656112  make any order necessary for determining the real question in controversy in the appeal, and may amend any defect or error in the record of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6434236  and has full jurisdiction over the whole proceedings as if the proceedings had been instituted and prosecuted in the appellant court as a court of first instance, may rehear the whole case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6434236 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 MCR, O 37, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6434236 R }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 18). Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6434236 
the appellant court has the power to give any judgment and make any order that ought to have been made (see MCR, O 37, R 19).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13656112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1779060 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6434236 [43]\tab 
I, having considered the pleadings, the evidence given on behalf of the appellant in trial before the Magistrates Court including the evidence admitted on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15820958 
, find a case to answer, and in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, I also find that the appellant had established, on the balance of probability that the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1779060 
t is the copyright owner of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1779060  music the respondent had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1779060\charrsid2058505  played/performed or allowed to be played/perf}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1779060 ormed during the Sugar Festival, and that the respondent had copyright protected music as alleged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1131611 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid9712023\charrsid9712023 
Section 75 of the Copyright Act 1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid13922534 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9712023\charrsid9712023 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9712023 \tab The respondent had raised the defence of section 57 during t
he cross examination of the witnesses called by the appellant. This defence was not expressly pleaded in the statement of defence. It appears that this defence had been taken by surprise without any notice to the appellant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14615236 [45]\tab The Magistrate found [at 22] that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1984\ri850\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin850\lin1984\itap0\pararsid4879556 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4879556 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556 \'9322. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556\charrsid2058505 
As per Section 75 of the Copy Right Act 99 it is clear that it is not an infringement of a copyright if a sound recording is played as part of the activities of or for the benefit of a cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556 
ub, society or any other organiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556\charrsid2058505 ation if the objects 
of the club, society or organization are charitable or are otherwise concerned with the advancement of religion, education or social welfare. As per the objectives of the Lautoka Sugar Festival Association it is very clear that it falls well within the sc
ope of Section 75 of the Copy Right Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid4879556\charrsid2058505 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13844330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4879556 [46]\tab Mr Doctor contended that:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13914241  sect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 ion 75 appears in Part 4 of the Act, which is titled \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid4528872\charrsid1001044 Acts permitted in relation to copyright works}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13914241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 Part 4 is itself divided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5988490 into divisions. Some of those divisions deal with use
s of copyright work by particular types of institution, such as education institutions or libraries, but others deal with exemptions and apply to parti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 cular types of copyright work. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5988490 The exemptions that apply in respect of musical works are found in Division 5, in Section 62 to 72.  Section 75 appears in Division 6 titled \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid5988490\charrsid1001044 Computer programs, sound recordings and audio visual works}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid5988490 \'94
. It therefore expressly provides an exception provided in Part 4 Division 5, and no relevant exemption that applied to the publi
c performance of musical work.  The language of the section is itself quite explicit: it refers to the infringement of copyright in a sound recording and makes no reference to a musical work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid13844330  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13914241 The essence of his contention is that section 75 does not affect the copy right in the underlying literary or musical work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4879556 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid544876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13914241 [47]\tab 
On this point, Mr Tunidau on behalf of the respondent submits that under section 75 (1) and (2) of the Copyright Act the respondent has not infringed the copyrights of any party including the
 appellant. The Magistrate was therefore correct in his conclusion [at 22] and he considered not only section 75 (1) and (2) of the Copyright Act but as well as the evidence of the two witnesses called by the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3674127  and the Constitution of the respondent which outlines its objectives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid13914241 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3674127 [48]\tab The section 75 defence is a question of law that should be decided by the court. Lay witnesses\rquote 
 evidence in this regards is, in my opinion, is irrelevant. In order to determine the issue of section 75 defence the court should examine the section itself coupled with the pleadings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11928869 [49]\tab 
The statement of defence does not plead this defence. It does not even say that the respondent is a charitable organisation. The section 75 defence has come up during the cross examination, and the respondent\rquote 
s Constitution has also been marked through the appellant\rquote s witness.
\par [50]\tab The defence raised during cross examination was not fully argued before the Magistrate. The Magistrate found that section 75 applies and there was no infringement of copyright as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321 
the objectives of the respondent falls within the scope of that section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11928869 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321 [51]\tab In terms of section 75, it is not an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321\charrsid9777321 
infringement of a copyright if a sound recording is played as part of the activities of or for the benefit of a cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 ub, society or any other organis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid9777321\charrsid9777321 ation if the objects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044  of the club, society or organis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321\charrsid9777321 
ation are charitable or are otherwise concerned with the advancement of religion, education or social welfare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321 .
\par [52]\tab It will be noted that section 75 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700 expressly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321 speaks of a sound
 recording not literary or musical work. The appellant alleged violation of musical work and not sound recording.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid9777321 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700 [53]\tab I agree with the appellant\rquote s submission that the exemptio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 n in section 75 does not apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700  to the public performance of a musical work. This translates that the section 75 defence was not available to the respondent as the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700  claim relates to the public performance of a musical work. Therefore, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175 Magistrate
\rquote s decision that the respondent\rquote s action falls within the scope of section 75 cannot stand, and it should be set aside. So I do.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid605700 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid2897175\charrsid2897175 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid2897175 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 [54}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175\charrsid7222679 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid2897175 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175\charrsid2897175 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175 or all these reason, I would set aside the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 \rquote s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175  decision dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7222679 28 September 2018. Instead, I would substitute a judgment in favour of the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2897175 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 [55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7222679\charrsid7222679 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7222679 The appellant seeks an 
injunction as in paragraph (d) of the writ of summons and specific damages in the sum of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 unpaid licence fees, $11,866.97.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid7222679  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid7222679  quantum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 
specific damages was not challenged at the trial. In order to avoid the necessity for further hearing, the appellan
t did not press its claim for an account of profits or for general damages. I would, therefore, grant the injunction sought in paragraph (d) of the writ of summons and specific damages in the sum of $11,866.97. In addition, the respondent will also pay th
e sum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid1001044 marily assessed costs of $2,000.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid7222679\charrsid7222679 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2121124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\insrsid2121124\charrsid2121124 The result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid544876 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2121124 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid2121124\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 Leave granted to the appellant to adduce further evidence on appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid8729223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid8729223 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2121124 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 Appeal allowed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2121124 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 The Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6825566 
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124  order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6825566  dated 28 September 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124  set aside.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4528872 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2121124 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 The respondent shall pay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15090319  the sum of $11,866.97 to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid2121124 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4528872 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090319\charrsid15090319 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15090319\charrsid15090319 
The respondent and/or its directors, servants, employees and/or agents shall be restrained from allowing offering contracting, consenting, concluding or permitting the live performance, recorded broadcast or otherw
ise or any copyright music on any of its properties witho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15090319 ut a license from the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid544876 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1572\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid4528872\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090319 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1572\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin1572\itap0\pararsid15090319\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15090319 The respondent shall pay the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid6825566 ummarily assessed costs of $2,000.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15090319 to the appellant.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4528872 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid6759868\charrsid6759868 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid6759868 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid6759868\charrsid6759868 DATED THIS 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\super\insrsid6759868\charrsid6759868 TH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\insrsid6759868\charrsid6759868  DAY OF MAY 2019 AT LAUTOKA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid6759868\charrsid6759868 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4528872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 M. H. Mohamed Ajmeer
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 JUDGE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid4528872 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4528872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\ul\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872 :
\par For the appellant: M/s Siwatibau and Sloan, Barristers & Solicitors
\par For the respondent: M/s Kevueli Tunidau Lawyers, Barristers & Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid4528872\charrsid4528872 
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