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\qc \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4746944 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par WESTERN DIVISION
\par AT LAUTOKA
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid4746944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 [CIVIL JURISDICTION]
\par Civil Action No. HBC 105 of 2011
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 AZAM ALI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 father
\rquote s name Rahim Tullah }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 trading as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16074651\charrsid4746944 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944  AZZAM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944\charrsid4746944  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 INVESTMENTS}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  of Moto, Ba,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  Postal Address, P.O. Box 2987, Ba, \tab Businessman
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 Plaintiff
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\f0\fs24\insrsid4746944 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 MERCHANT FINANCE & INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7474228 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 a limited liability company having its reg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746944 
istered address at Level 1, \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 91 Gordon Street, Suva.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid4746944 Defendant
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\f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 Acting Master U.L. Mohamed Azhar
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\f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045 :\tab Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7474228 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  Mark Anthony for the Plaintiff
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045  K. Patel for the Defendant
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045\charrsid2632045                                         
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1268826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 01.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1268826 This is the summons dated 08}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid1268826\charrsid1268826 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268826  November 2016 and filed by
 the defendant pursuant to Order 25 rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7474228 9 of the High Court Rules and the inherent jurisdiction of this court. The defendant based this summons on the following grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341377 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632045 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1341377\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341377 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1341377\charrsid1341377 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin720\lin1800\itap0\pararsid1341377\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1341377\charrsid1341377 
The plaintiff failed to prosecute the proceedings expeditiously without any real interest in bringing the matter to trial; and /or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1341377\charrsid1341377 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The plaintiff had abused the process of the court; and/or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1341377\charrsid1341377 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The plaintiff caused prejudice to the defendant; and/or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1341377\charrsid1341377 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab} The delay by the plaintiff has created a substantial risk that there will not be a fair trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341377\charrsid12737186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1800\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1800\itap0\pararsid12737186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12737186 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1341377\charrsid9854533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 02.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1341377\charrsid9854533 The summons was supported by an affidavit sworn by the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6844051\charrsid9854533 manager of Lautoka branch of the defendant company. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12998722\charrsid9854533 The plaint
iff filed series of affidavits and all were opposed by the defendant on the basis of irregularity. Finally, this court, having heard the counsels for both parties on 23.05.2017 on the said alleged irregularity, by its ruling dated 24.05.2017 ordered the p
laintiff to file a proper affidavit on the following date i.e. on 25.05.2017 and the plaintiff complied with the said order. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1072400\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7349273\charrsid2975313 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 03.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349273\charrsid2975313 
The fact of the case, albeit brief, is that, the plaintiff took out the writ of summons issued by this registry on 11.07.2011 
against the defendant, seeking general and special damages together with the interest and cost based on two different causes of action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11877108\charrsid2975313 
. One is that, the defendant company, through its employee, acted negligently and/or in bad faith in respect of plaintiff\rquote 
s loan contract and thereby failed to transfer certain machineries to the plaintiff, which caused the loss and damages to the latter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349273\charrsid2975313  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11877108\charrsid2975313 The second cause of action was on the alleged breach of Commerce Commission Act 2010 by making misrepresentation in respect of the hire purchase agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2975313 . The defendant filed the defence and counter claim and thereafter the plaintiff filed the reply to the defence. The parties then filed their respective affidavits verifying list of documents after the directions were given 
by the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975313  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2975313  finalized the pre-trial conference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  and filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975313 
 the minutes on 24.05.2013. In between there were some injunctions on the delivery of certain vehicles. Thereafter, there was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5266943 no appearance for the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14750241  on three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5266943  consecutive da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14750241 te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5266943 s, namely on}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14750241  29.08.2013, 14.10.2013 and 22.11.2013, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975313 
though the defendant was duly represented. Therefore, the matter was taken out of the cause list on 22.11.2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13371141 
 Since then, the plaintiff took no step in the matter until the defendant filed its first summons for striking out under Order 25 rule 9. The said summons was dismissed on the alleged irregularity of the supporting affidavit. The defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7232323  having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13371141  rectifying the alleged regularity filed the instant summons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975313 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2975313\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975313\charrsid2975313 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 04.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
The Order 25 rule 9 provides for the jurisdiction of the court to strike out any cause or matter for want of prosecution or as an abuse of process of the court if no step has been taken for six months. The said rule reads;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri-310\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16202340 "If no step has been taken in an
y cause or matter for six months then any party on application or the court of its own motion may list the cause or matter for the parties to show cause why it should not be struck out for want of prosecution or as an abuse of the process of the court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16202340 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16202340 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16202340 Upon hearing the application the court may either dismiss the cause or matter on such terms as may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16202340 be just or deal with the application as if it were a summons for directions".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid872366 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 05.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336 The court\rquote s power under the above rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1593110 has been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336  discussed in many cases and
 the law on striking out an action is well settled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9065740  now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336 
. This, therefore, does not warrant a lengthy discussion. However, for the benefit of the discussion in the instant case, I briefly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1593110 point out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336 
 the law as this court held in some other cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1593110 before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859336 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 The g
rounds provided in the above rule are firstly, want of prosecution and secondly, abuse of process of the court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid351141 This rule was introduced to the High Court Rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid351141 for the case management purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176  and is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid351141 
 effective from 19 September 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid351141  The main characteristi
c of this rule is that, the court is conferred with power to act on its own motion in order to agitate the sluggish litigation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11295764 see:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 Trade Air Engineering (West) Ltd v Taga [2007] FJCA 9; ABU0062J.2006 (9 March 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 
). Even before the introduction of this rule, the courts in Fiji exercised this power to strike out the cause for want prosecution following the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176  leading English authorities such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 Allen v. McAlpine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1968%5d%202%20QB%20299?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
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6300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9065740 [1968] 2 QB 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 9}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 ;}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1968%5d%201%20All%20ER%20543?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\
o "View LawCiteRecord" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90be600000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
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f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 [1968] 1 All ER 543}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 \~and\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4079412 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1978%5d%20AC%20297?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\
o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bd200000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
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03}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 [1978] AC 297}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 
; [1977] 2 All ER 801.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 Scott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298  striking  out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176 
of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 plaintiff\rquote s action in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 Hussein
 v Pacific Forum Line Ltd [2000] Fiji Law Report 24; [2000] 1 FLR 46 (6 March 2000)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid3829176 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176 stated that;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid15955298 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 The principles governing the exercise of the Court's jurisdiction to strike out for want of prosecution are well settled. The leading English authorities are\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 Allen v. McAlpine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1968%5d%202%20QB%20299?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
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3d0025003500620031003900360038002500350064002500320030003200250032003000510042002500320030003200390039003f007300740065006d003d002600730079006e006f006e0079006d0073003d002600710075006500720079003d006b00750064006400750073000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc48527
6300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 [1968] 2 QB 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10307099 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 9}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 ;}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1968%5d%201%20All%20ER%20543?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90be600000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390036003800250035006400250032003000310025003200300041006c006c00250032003000450052002500320030003500340033003f007300740065006d003d002600730079006e006f006e0079006d0073003d002600710075006500720079003d006b00750064006400750073000000795881
f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 [1968] 1 All ER 543}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \~and\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1978%5d%20AC%20297?stem=&synonyms=&query=kuddus" \\
o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bd200000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390037003800250035006400250032003000410043002500320030003200390037003f007300740065006d003d002600730079006e006f006e0079006d0073003d002600710075006500720079003d006b00750064006400750073000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00
03}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 [1978] AC 297}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 ; [1977] 2 All ER 801 and these have been followed in Fiji in, for example,\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 
Merit Timber Products Ltd v. NLTB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \~(FCA Reps 94/609) and\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 Owen Potter v. Turtle Airways Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 \~(FCA Reps 93/205)\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3829176\charrsid12680455 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 06.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 The Court of Appeal of Fiji in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid350613  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid15811788 
Trade Air Engineering (West) Ltd v Taga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid350613  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
(supra) reiterated that, the new rule (Or 25 r 9) does not confer any additional or wider power to the court except the power to act on its own motion. It was held in that case that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 \'93In our view the only fresh power given to the High Court under Order 25 rule 9 is the power to strike out or to give directions\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 its own motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 
. While this power may very valuably be employed to agitate sluggish litigation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814  it does not in our opinion confer any additional or wider jurisdiction on the Court to dismiss or strike out on grounds which differ from those already established by past authority
\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid3045814 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 07.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
The above decision of the Court of Appeal made it abundantly clear that the principles set out in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9065740\charrsid9065740 Allen v. McAlpine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  (supra) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid15811788 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (supra) are still applicable to strike out any cause where no step is taken for six months, despite the introduction of new rule (Or 25 r 9).  Lord Diplock, whilst articulating the principles for striking out the actions for want of prosecution and abuse
 of the court process in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid15811788 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (supra), explained the emerging trend of English courts in exercising the inherent jurisdiction for want of prosecution. His Lordship held that;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 
Although the rules of the Supreme Court contain express provision for
 ordering actions to be dismissed for failure by the plaintiff to comply timeously with some of the more important steps in the preparation of an action for trial, such as delivering the statement of claim, taking out a summons for direction and setting t
h
e action down for trial, dilatory tactics had been encouraged by the practice that had grown up for many years prior to 1967 of not applying to dismiss an action for want of prosecution except upon disobedience to a previous peremptory order that the acti
on should be dismissed unless the plaintiff took within a specified additional time the step on which he had defaulted.
\par To remedy this High Court judges began to have recourse to the inherent jurisdiction of the court to dismiss an action for want of prosec
ution even where no previous peremptory order had been made, if the delay on the part of the plaintiff or his legal advisers was so prolonged that to bring the action on for hearing would involve a substantial risk that a fair trial of the issues would no
t
 be possible. This exercise of the inherent jurisdiction of the court first came before the Court of Appeal in Reggentin vs Beecholme Bakeries Ltd (Note) [1968]  2 Q.B. 276 (reported in a note to Allen v Sir Alfred McAlpine & Sons Ltd [1968] 2 Q.B. 229) a
nd Fitzpatrick v Batger & Co Ltd [1967] 1 W.L.R. 706
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 
The dismissal of those actions was upheld and shortly after, in the three leading cases which were heard together and which, for brevity, I shall refer to as Allen v McAlpine [1968] 2 Q.B. 229, the Court 
of Appeal laid down the principles on which the jurisdiction has been exercised ever since. Those principles are set out, in my view accurately, in the note to R.S.C, Ord. 25, R. 1 in the current Supreme Court Practice (1976). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 The power should be exercised
 only where the court is satisfied either (1) that the default has been intentional and contumelious, e.g. disobedience to a peremptory order of the court or conduct amounting to an abuse of the process of the court; or (2) (a) that there has been inordin
a
te and inexcusable delay on the part of the plaintiff or his lawyers, and (b) that such delay will give rise to a substantial risk that it is not possible to have a fair trial of the issues in the action or is such as is likely to cause or to have caused 
serious prejudice to the defendants either as between themselves and the plaintiff or between each other or between them and a third party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li851\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin851\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid4805495 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 08.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
As Lord Diplock clearly explained in his judgment, the above principles were set out in the not
es to Order 25 rule 1 of Rules of Supreme Court 1976 which is equivalent to our Order 25 rule 4 under the Summons for Directions. However those principles of prophesy had caused to the development of the new rule such as Order 25 Rule 9. The first limb in
 the above case is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 the intentional and contumelious default}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
. Lord Diplock in his wisdom did not leave the first limb unexplained, but, His Lordship gave two examples for that first limb. One is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 
disobedience to a peremptory order of the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 other is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018  conduct amounting to an abuse of the process of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  Thus the second ground provided in Order 25 Rule 9, which is \lquote abuse of the process of the court\rquote , is a good example for \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 the intentional and contumelious default}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 as illustrated by Lord Diplock in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (supra). According to Lord Diplock abuse of the process of the court falls under broad category of \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 the intentional and contumelious default}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176   However, Lord Diplock did not explain what act does exactly amount to an abuse of the process of the court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 09.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 There is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839  latest judgment by the House of Lords in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Grovit and Others v Doctor and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 
 (1997) 01 WLR 640, 1997 (2) ALL ER, 417}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 where Lord Woolf held that, 
commencing an action without real intention of bringing to conclusion amounts to an abuse of the process of the court. It was held as follows;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3829176 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
The court exists to enable parties to have their disputes resolved. To commence and to continue litigation which
 you have no intention to bring to conclusion can amount to abuse of process. Where this is the situation the party against whom the proceedings is brought is entitled to apply to have the action struck out and if justice so requires (which will frequentl
y
 be the case) the courts will dismiss the action. The evidence which was relied upon to establish the abuse of process may be the plaintiff's inactivity. The same evidence will then no doubt be capable of supporting an application to dismiss for want of p
rosecution. However, if there is an abuse of process, it is not strictly necessary to establish want of prosecution under either of the limbs identified by Lord Diplock in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
Birkett v James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 [1978] A.C 297. In this case once the conclusion was reached that the
 reason for the delay was one which involved abusing the process of the court in maintaining proceedings where there was no intention of carrying the case to trial the court was entitled to dismiss the proceedings".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 The Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Thomas (Fiji) Ltd \endash 
v- Frederick Wimheldon Thomas & Anor, Civil Appeal No. ABU 0052/2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 followed the principles of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Grovit and Others v Doctor and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 (supra) and held that; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \'93
During the course of his careful and comprehensive ruling the judge placed considerable emphasis on the judgment of the House of Lords in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
Grovit and Ors v Doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \~[1997] 2 ALL ER 417. That was an important decision and the judge was perfectly right to take 
it into account. It should however be noted that Felix Grovit's action was struck out not because the accepted tests for striking out established in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 
Birkett v James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \~[1977] 2 ALL ER 801;\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1978%5d%20AC%20297?stem=&synonyms=&query=subamma" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bd400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390037003800250035006400250032003000410043002500320030003200390037003f007300740065006d003d002600730079006e006f006e0079006d0073003d002600710075006500720079003d0073007500620061006d006d0061000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5
ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf2\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 [1978] AC 297}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 \~had been 
satisfied, but because the court found that he had commenced and continued the proceedings without any intention of bringing them to a conclusion. In those circumstances the court was entitled to strike out the action as being an abuse of the process of t
he Court. The relevance of the delay was the evidence that it furnished of the Plaintiff's intention to abuse the process of the Court"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 Both, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid11403958 The Grovit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16652097  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16652097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid11403958 Thomas (Fiji) Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 
 (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid4488332  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 which follows the former, go on the basis that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16652097 \'93abuse of the process of the court\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 
 is a ground for striking out, which is independent from what had been articulated by Lord Diplock in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid10639839 Birkett v James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 (supra). However, it is my considered view that, this ground of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16652097 \'93abuse of the process of the court\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  is part of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 the intentional and contumelious default}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \rquote , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
the first limb expounded by Lord Diplock. The reason being that, this was clearly illustrated by Lord Diplock in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 Birkett v. James}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  (supra). For the convenience and easy reference I reproduce the dictum of Lord Diplock which states that; \'93\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid12998724 either (1) that the default has been intentional and contumelious, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3829176\charrsid15143602 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid12998724  disobedience to a peremptory order of the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid12998724  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 conduct amounting to an abuse of the proc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3829176 ess of the court
\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid5261496 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (Emphasis added). According to Lord Diplock, the abuse of the process of the court, with its all forms, falls under broad category of \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9854018 
the intentional and contumelious default}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 . In fact, if a plaintiff commences an action and has no intention to bring it 
to conclusion it is an abuse of the process of the court. Thus the default of a plaintiff intending not to bring it to conclusion would be intentional and contumelious. Accordingly, it will fall under the first limb of the principles expounded in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4747043 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (supra). This view is further supported by the dictum of Lord Justice Parker who held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid11403958 Culbert v Stephen Wetwell Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid11403958 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid11403958 \~(1994) PIQR 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  as follows;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3612817 
"There is however, in my view another aspect of this matter. An action may also be struck out for contumelious conduct, or abuse of the process of the Court or because a fair trial in action is no longer possible. Conduct is in the ordinary way only regar
d
ed as contumelious where there is a deliberate failure to comply with a specific order of the court. In my view however a series of separate inordinate and inexcusable delays in complete disregard of the Rules of the Court and with full awareness of the c
o
nsequences can also properly be regarded as contumelious conduct or, if not that, to an abuse of the process of the court. Both this and the question of fair trial are matters in which the court itself is concerned and do not depend on the defendant raisi
ng the question of prejudice."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 Sometimes, it is argued that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  (supra) deals with the ground of \lquote want of prosecution\rquote  only and not t
he ground of abuse of the process of the court. However, it is evident from the illustrations given in that case that, it deals with both the grounds of \lquote abuse of the process of the court\rquote  and \lquote want of prosecution\rquote 
 as well. In any event, the defendant is under no duty to establish the prejudice in order to strike out an action if he can prove the abuse of the process of the court. Suffice to establish plaintiff\rquote 
s inactivity coupled with the complete disregard of the Rules of the Court with the full awareness of the consequences.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 The second limb of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  (supra) is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid6494140 
(a) that there has been inordinate and inexcusable delay on the part of the plaintiff or his lawyers, and (b) that such delay will give rise to a substantial risk that it is not
 possible to have a fair trial of the issues in the action or is such as is likely to cause or to have caused serious prejudice to the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 . In short, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7232323 it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid6494140 inordinate and inexcusable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 delay and the prejudice which makes the fair trial impossible.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid13320408 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 Their Lordships the Justices of Fiji Court of Appeal in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 New India Assurance\~Company Ltd v Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 
 [1999] FJCA 69; Abu0031u.96s (26 November 1999)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 unanimously held that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 
We do not consider it either helpful or necessary to analyse what is meant by the words \lquote inordinate\rquote  and \lquote inexcusable\rquote 
. They have their ordinary meaning. Whether a delay can be described as inordinate or inexcusable is a matter of fact to be determined in the circumstances of each individual case\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 . However, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Deo v Fiji Times Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091  [2008] FJCA 63; AAU0054.2007S (3 November 2008)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 the Fiji Court of Appeal cited the meaning considered by the court in an unreported case. It  was held that;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin720\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 \'93The meaning of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 "inordinate and inexcusable delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 " was considered by the Court of Appeal in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 Owen Clive Potter v Turtle Airways Limited v Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 \~
Civil Appeal No. 49 of 1992 (unreported) where the Court held that inordinate meant "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 
so long that proper justice may not be able to be done between the parties"\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 and\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 "inexcusable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 
" meant that there was no reasonable excuse for it, so that some blame for the delay attached to the plaintiff\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid6502270 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 According to Order 25 Rule 9, the acceptable a
nd or tolerable maximum period for inaction could be six months. The threshold is six months as per the plain language of the rule. It follows that, any period after six months would be inordinate and inexcusable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651 so long that proper justice may not be able to be done between the parties and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651 no reasonable excuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  is shown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651  for it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  Therefore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651 hether a delay can be described as inordinate or inexcusable is a matter of fact}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176  which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651 
 to be determined in the circumstances of each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176  and every}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid4806651  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 
. As established by courts delay of itself, without being shown that the delay is seriously prejudicial to the defendant, is not sufficient to strike out of an action under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
second limb of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 The Fiji Court of Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 New India Assurance\~Company Ltd v Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091  [1999] FJCA 69; Abu0031u.96s (26 November 1999)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 has reaffirmed  the burden of the defendant to establish that serious prejudice would be caused to it by the delay. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 was held that;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid2300852 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 \'93
Where principle (2) is relied on, both grounds need to be established before an action is struck out. There must be both delay of the kind described and a risk of an unfair trial or serious prejudice to the defendants. In\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 Department of Transport v Smaller (Transport) Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1989%5d%201%20All%20ER%20897?stem=&synonyms=&query=New%20India%20Assurance" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0801000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390038003900250035006400250032003000310025003200300041006c006c00250032003000450052002500320030003800390037003f007300740065006d003d002600730079006e006f006e0079006d0073003d002600710075006500720079003d004e006500770025003200300049006e0064
00690061002500320030004100730073007500720061006e00630065000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf2\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 
[1989] 1 All ER 897}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 \~
the House of Lords did not accept a submission that the decision in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 Birkett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 \~
should be reviewed by holding that where there had been inordinate and inexcusable delay, the action should be struck out, even if there can still be a fair trial of the issues and even if the defendant has suffered no prejudice as a re
sult of the delay. Lord Griffiths, after a review of the authorities and relevant principles, said at 903 that he had not been persuaded that a case had been made out to abandon the need to show that post-writ delay will either make a fair trial impossibl
e or prejudice the defendant. He went on to affirm the principle that the burden is on the defendant to establish that serious prejudice would be caused to it by the delay\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri-310\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-310\lin567\itap0\pararsid3829176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid3281539 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829176 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Pratap v Christian Mission Fellowship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091  [2006] FJCA 41; ABU0093J.2005 (14 July 2006)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 the Fiji Court of Appeal cited the dictum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603  Eichelbaum CJ}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 Lovie v. Medical Assurance Society Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1992%5d%202%20NZLR%20244" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90ba400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d00250035006200310039003900320025003500640025003200300032002500320030004e005a004c0052002500320030003200340034000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\f0\fs24\ul\cf2\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 [1992] 2 NZLR 244}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 . It was held in that case at page 248 by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 Eichelbaum CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  that;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15811788 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 
"The applicant must show that the Plaintiff has been guilty of inordinate delay, that such delay is inexcusable and that it has seriously prejudiced the defendants. Although these considerations are not necessarily exclusive and at the end one must always
 stand back and have regards to the interests of justice. In this country, ever since\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 NZ Industrial Gases Limited v. Andersons Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 \~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4154615  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1970%5d%20NZLR%2058" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4746944 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b9a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d0025003500620031003900370030002500350064002500320030004e005a004c005200250032003000350038000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\i\ul\cf2\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 [1970] NZLR 58}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid14511603 \~i
t has been accepted that if the application is to be successful the Applicant must commence by proving the three factors listed."
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3829176 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 The above analysis of law on striking out of an action clearly shows that, the courts in Fiji had, before the introduction of Order 25 rule 9, exercised the jurisdiction to strike out following the principles expounded in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9065740\charrsid9065740 Allen v. McAlpine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9065740  (supra) and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176 
 (supra). Even after the introduction of the above rule the same principles apply as confirmed by the superior courts. The ground of \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid13578115 abuse of the process of the court}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3829176  advanced by the recent case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 Grovit v. Doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  (supra) too comfortably falls into the first limb of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid16084091 
Birkett v. James}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 as Lord Diplock cited }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176\charrsid13578115 \lquote the abuse of the process of the court\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3829176 
 as one of the two examples for the first limb expounded by him. The rationale is that, commencing an action without the intention of bringing it to conclusion amounts to an abuse of the process of the court and in turn it is an intentional and contumelio
us default. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3738591 A series of separate inordinate and inexcusable delays in complete disregard of the Rules of the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9708763 together}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176\charrsid3738591  with full awareness of the consequences can be regarded as contumelious conduct or, an abuse of the process of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  under the second limb of Or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9065740 der}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  25 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9065740 ule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176 
 9. On the other hand the inordinate and inexcusable delay together with the prejudice should be established in order to succeed in an application under first limb of Or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9065740 der}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  25 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9065740 ule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829176  9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3829176\charrsid9065740 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9065740\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740\charrsid5708722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9065740 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 The plaintiff did not take any step in the matter s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14357418 ince the matter was taken out of the cause list on 22.11.2013 for the abse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 nce for three consecutive dates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14357418 . The first summons by the defendant for striking out was filed on 20.05.2016 and the ruling was given on 27.09.2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12871767 
 dismissing the said summons. The instant summons was filed on 07.11.2017. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12871767 reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9323063 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12871767  given by the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063  his}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  all affidavits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12871767  for this long delay of almost three years is that, his previous solicitor was suspended in year 2013 an
d all the files were moved to Suva. He requested the Legal Practitioners Unit in Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5708722 
 and was advised that, his file would be sent to him, once it was located. However, the plaintiff has not attached any of his requests made to the Legal Practitioners Unit seeking his file.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5250743  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063 The o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5250743 nly letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063 the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5250743  attached with his affidavit is the letter dated 07.03.2017. This was sent by the plaintiff to the Legal Practitioners Unit after 04 months from the date of the instant summons, which was filed on 07.11.2016.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12013726 
 The Legal Practitioners Unit within two weeks responded and released the file on 27.03.2017 after the plaintiff signed the Indemnity Form as required. This clearly shows that, the file would have been returned to the plaintiff immediately}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934626 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12013726  had he made any request immediately after the suspension of former solicitor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2624929 
Though the plaintiff merely aver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2624929 
ed in his affidavit that, he made requests to the LPU, I am unable to believe on those averments in the absence of any documents to substantiate them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811788 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811788 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12013726 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12013726 
In addition, if the plaintiff was really interested in his case, he could have made request to the receiver appointed by the Chief Registrar on suspension of plaintiff\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1065734 
s former solicitor. However, he did not take any of such steps}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2624929  and no evidence either before the court of such an attempt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1065734 
. Apart from that, the plaintiff could have instructed another lawyer and obtain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2624929 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1065734  the copies of the pleadings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2624929  in order to construct the file}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1065734 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1911718 The plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4398215 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1911718  who was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063  so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1911718 
interested in getting the first summons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4398215  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1911718 filed by the defendant for striking out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4398215 , technically dismissed on the alleged irregularity, did not bother to retrieve his file from the Legal Practitioners Unit and take necessary steps in the case which was inactive for almost three years from the date on which it was
 taken out of the cause list for his three consecutive non-appearance without any valid reason. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934626 This is evident that, the plaintiff did not have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626 real intention of b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2624929 
ringing this case to conclusion, but only wanted to prevent the defendant from filling summons under Order 25 rule 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626  This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2624929  clearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626  amounts to an abuse of the process of the court as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934626 held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626\charrsid12934626 Grovit and Others v Doctor and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626\charrsid10639839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12934626 (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13181368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13181368 This conclusion is alone suffic
ient to strike out his case on the ground of abuse of the process of the court. In fact, the counsel for the defendant too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6710793 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13181368  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6498701  mainly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13181368  relying on this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6498701 ground, whilst supporting other ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6710793 as well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6498701 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12013726\charrsid15483106 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15483106 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2900565 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2900565 As I said above, the acceptable inactive period is s
ix months and any delay thereafter would be inordinate and inexcusable as long as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9323063\charrsid9323063 proper justice may not be able to be done between the parties}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9323063  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2900565 
no acceptable reason is adduced. In this case, the only 
reason for this long delay as per the plaintiff was the suspension of his former solicitor and transfer of his file to Legal Practitioners Unit in Suva. As discussed in the preceding paragraph, the plaintiff was responsible for the delay in retrieving his
 file from LPU. Furthermore, the plaintiff has been continuously supported by another solicitor who claimed to be the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2900565\charrsid2900565 amicus curiae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2900565 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2900565  though the court rejected the said claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2900565\charrsid2900565 amicus curiae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2900565  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15147799 stating that, the amicus curiae is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9323063  the one,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15147799  who is invited by the 
court when there is a danger of an important and difficult point of law being decided without the court hearing relevant argument. The role of the amicus curiae is to assist the court, when invited by the court, on the relevant law and its application to 
the particular facts of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928712  [See: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5928712\charrsid5928712 Beneficial Owners of Whangaruru Whakaturia No 4 v Warin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5928712\charrsid5928712  [2009] NZCA 60; [2009] NZAR 523; (2009) 19 PRNZ 296 (9 March 2009)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5928712 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15147799\charrsid5928712 and definitely not like the said counsel who appeared in this case for the plaintiff stating t
hat, he was assisting the plaintiff in the hearing of the instant summons and thereafter would continue his case, if he win in dismissing this summons. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9071645\charrsid5928712 
In any event, it is clear that, the plaintiff was assisted by the self-claimed amicus curiae even though }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928712 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9071645\charrsid5928712 
 former solicitor was suspended. Therefore, the reason adduced by the plaintiff, for this long delay, becomes unacceptable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928712  It follows that, the delay is inordinate and inexcusable. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15147799 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811788 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4550580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15811788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4550580 The next question is the prejudice to the defendant. The Court of Appeal in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid4550580\charrsid4550580 New India Assurance\~Company Ltd v Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4550580  (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4550580  stated that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580\charrsid4550580 
rejudice can be of two ki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580 nds. It can be either specific, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580\charrsid4550580 that is arising from particular events that may or may not have occurred during the relevant period, or general, that is prejudice that is implied from the extent of the delay.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580  The prejudice in this case could be implied from the long delay which spans over three years in this case. The prejudice that may be c
aused to a party due to the long delay of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6376328  other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4550580 
 party was also discussed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6376328\charrsid6376328 Biss v. Lambeth, Southwark & Lewisham Health Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6376328\charrsid6376328  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6376328\charrsid6376328  [1978] 2 All E.R. 125}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6376328  where Lord Denning stated}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12851703  at page 131}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6376328  that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4550580\charrsid6376328 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6376328\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376328\charrsid4550580 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12851703 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703\charrsid12851703 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703 he prejudice to a defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703\charrsid12851703 
by delay is not to be found solely in the death or disappearance of witnesses or their fading memories or in the loss or destruction of records.  There is much prejudice to a defendant in having an action hanging over his head indefinitely , not knowing w
hen it is going to be brought to trial; like the prejudice to Damocles when the sword was suspended over his head at the banquet.  It was suspended by a single hair and the banquet was a tantalizing torment to him.  So in the President of India case, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12851703\charrsid12851703 [1977] Court of Appeal Transcript 383}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703\charrsid12851703 
, which we heard the other day.  The business house was prejudiced because it could not carry on its business affairs with any confidence, or enter into forward commitments, whilst the action for damages was still in being against it}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12851703\charrsid12851703 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6376328\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4550580\charrsid6376328 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6376328 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376328 The above analysis fortifies me }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5447779 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376328 conclude that, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497390 defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390\charrsid3497390 have been more than minimally prejudiced by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390\charrsid3497390 
laintiff's inordinate and inexcusable delay and contravention of rules of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390\charrsid3497390 court since the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390  matter was taken out of the cause list to date. This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9323063 too, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3497390 justifies the court in dismissing the plaintiff\rquote s case for want of prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376328\charrsid3497390 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3497390\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497390\charrsid3497390 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16475650 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10307099\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16475650 
Interestingly, the counsel for the plaintiff citing section 15 (2) of the Constitution submitted that, the plain
tiff has the right guaranteed by the Constitution to have his matter determined by a court of law or if appropriated, by an independent and impartial tribunal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10307099 
I feel that, I cannot reply to this submission in batter way than repeating what the Master of the Rolls, Lord Denning stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8467365\charrsid10307099 Allen v. Sir Alfred McAlpin}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10307099\charrsid10307099 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8467365\charrsid10307099  & Sons Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8467365\charrsid10307099 
 [1968] 2 QB 229}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10307099 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8467365\charrsid10307099  His Lordship held at page}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10307099  245}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8467365\charrsid10307099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10307099 that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15483106\charrsid10307099 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16475650\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16475650 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16475650\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16475650\charrsid16475650 \'93
It was urged that we ought not to strike out a man\rquote s action without trial because it meant depriving him of his right to come to the Queen\rquote 
s Courts.  Magna Carta was invoked against us as if we were in some way breaking its provisions.  To this there is a short answer.  The delay of justice is a denial of justice.  Magna Carta will have none of it.  \'93
To no one will we deny or delay right or justice.
\par 
\par All through the years men have protested at the law\rquote s delay and counted it as a grievous wrong, hard to bear.  Shakespeare ranks it among the whips and scorns 
of time. Dickens tells how it exhausts finances, patience, courage, hope. To put right this wrong, we will in this court, do all in our power to enforce expedition; and, if need be, we will strike out actions when there has been excessive delay.  This is 
a
 stern measure.  But it is within the inherent jurisdiction of the court.  And the Rules of Court expressly permit it.  It is the only effective sanction they contain.  If a plaintiff fails within the specified time to deliver a statement of claim, or to 
take out a summons for directions, or to set down the action for trial, the defendant can apply for the action to be dismissed...\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16475650  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12013726 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16475650\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16475650\charrsid12013726 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16006624 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16006624 What the counsel for the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12587556 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16006624  conveniently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5447779  and in my opinion intentionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12587556 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16006624  missed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5447779  out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16006624  in his submission is the f
ollowing subsection (3) of the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473  section 15 of the Constitution which reads that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9008473\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9008473 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9008473\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9008473\charrsid4927012 
(3) Every person charged with an offence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9008473\charrsid4927012 every party to a civil dispute has the right to have the case determined within a reasonable time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9008473\charrsid4927012 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473 (Emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473\charrsid4927012 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9008473\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9008473 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473 The plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473  who did nothing for long period of three years in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473 
 is trying to claim the constitutional right, forgetting the right of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936  which has equal right to have this matter determined within a reasonable time and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9008473  which is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9008473\charrsid9008473 having the action suspended indefinitely over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9008473 its}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9008473\charrsid9008473  head}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936 
 for such longer period. At this point I wish to reiterate below what this court said recently in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6754936\charrsid6754936 Prakash v Hassan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936\charrsid6754936  [2017] FJHC 658; HBC25.2015 (4 September 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid862729 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid862729\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid862729\charrsid12737186 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6754936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 There are litigants who pursue their cas
es according to the timetable set out by the rules or within the reasonable time, diligence and expeditions. On the other hand there are some who pursue their cases sporadically or make default with the intention to keep the matters pending against the de
fendants forever. The courts should not ignore the second category of practice. It should be disallowed for several reasons. Firstly, it is an abuse of the process of the court. Secondly, it is the waste of court\rquote 
s time and resources which are not infinite. \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936\charrsid4877882 
The more time that is spent upon actions which are pursued sporadically, the less time and resources there are for genuine litigants who pursue their cases with reasonable diligence and expedition, and want their cases to be heard within a reasonable time
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936  (see; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6754936\charrsid16084091 Singh v Singh}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936  -supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6754936\charrsid4877882 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 
 Thirdly, it violates the fundamental rights guaranteed by the sections 15  (2) and (3) of the Constitution which read; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 
(2) Every party to a civil dispute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 has the right to have the matter determined by a court of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012  or if appropriate, by an independent and impartial tribunal. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li1440\ri720\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 
(3) Every person charged with an offence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 every party to a civil dispute has the right to have the case determined within a reasonable time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 (Emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid4927012 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6754936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 Fourthly, it consti
tutes as a serious prejudice to the other party as justice may not be able to be done between the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 
 the matter is pending idle without any steps being taken by the relevant party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889  Therefore, the power of the court under Order 25 rule 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid409544 neither prevents anyone coming before the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid862729 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid409544  nor it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid395889  detrimental to the right of any party under the Constitution, but it is a preventive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656268  and punitive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889  measure }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid656268 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid862729  party who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889 abuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid862729 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid409544  process of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889 
 court and constitutional rights with the malice to prevent other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid862729  party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid409544  enjoying the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid395889  right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid409544  (to have the mater determined within reasonable time)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889  guaranteed under the Constitution. Thus, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9444027 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395889  misleading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9444027  argument of the counsel for the plaintiff is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740  rejected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6754936\charrsid9008473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15695844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 For the above mentioned reasons, this court should take
 stern measure to strike out the plaintiff\rquote s case, as it is within the jurisdiction of this court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065740 Though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 
 the facts of the case do not warrant the indemnity cost, there should be some reasonable cost for the defendant for bringing this summons after waiting for such a long period. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15695844\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15695844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7474228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 Accordingly, the final orders are;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15695844\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid15695844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15695844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid15695844\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 The plaintiff\rquote s action is struck out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12587556  for want of prosecution and abuse of the process of the court,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844  and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15695844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}The plaintiff should pay a summarily assessed cost of $ 500 to the defendant within 14 days from today.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid94287\charrsid15695844 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15695844 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15695844 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6833953 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid6570200 U.L. Mohamed Azhar
\par Acting Master}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid6570200 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid15695844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid6570200 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-562\li562\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin562\itap0\pararsid6833953 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid12866407 At Lautoka
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15695844 02/03/2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15695844\charrsid2047441 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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