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\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16136771\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LABASA
\par [APPELLATE JURISDICTION]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16136771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 CRIMINAL APPEAL CASE NO. HAA07 OF 2017
\par (Magistrates\rquote  Court Case No. 334 of 2014)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 BETWEEN:\tab \tab MITTUN NAIDU
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 APPELLANT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 AND:\tab \tab \tab THE STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 RESPONDENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid6764176 Counsel:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 Mr A Kohli for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid6764176 
\par \tab \tab M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 r R Kumar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid6764176  for the Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15617184\charrsid6764176 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid7016109  January 2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15617184\charrsid7016109 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid7016109 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 \tab 
02 March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid7016109  2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16136771 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\insrsid15617184\charrsid16136771 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 [1]\tab This is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15694585 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  appeal against both conviction and sentence.
\par 
\par [2]\tab Following a trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  in the Magistrates\rquote  Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 at Savusavu, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 tried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death contrary to section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  97 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519  (c), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 (a), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  and 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 4 of Land Transport Act of 1998 but convicted of a lesser offence of \tab 
dangerous driving occasioning death.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184   On 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9856146 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 
 April 2017, the appellant was sentenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 to 2 \'bd year}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8017744 s\rquote }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  imprisonment and suspended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  for driving for 3 years. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 appeal was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 filed on 3 May 2017.  The appeal is timely.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122 
\par [3]\tab On 23 May 2017, Madigan J granted the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 ellant bail pending an appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122  an \tab extempore ruling.
\par 
\par [4]\tab The grounds of appeal are:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14158376\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  the Learned Trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14158376 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
 guilty of the charges in the absence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 evidence to substantiate the same.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14158376\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437904 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14158376\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  the Learned Trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 taking }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  account }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 irrelevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 and not taking into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376 \tab \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 account relevant matters.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14158376\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437904\charrsid12917845 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14158376\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917845\charrsid12917845 THAT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 the Learned Trial Magistrate failed to take into account }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14158376 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
the sentences handed down by other courts in similar cases.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122 
\par [5]\tab At the trial, the prosecution led evidence that on 3 January 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 14 the appellant lost \tab control o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122 
f his motor vehicle while driving along Hibiscus Highway. The deceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122 was a passenger in his vehicle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845   He was sitting on the front passenger seat and not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
wearing a seat belt when the impact occurred.  There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 were no other passengers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 vehicle at the time of the impact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
\par [6]\tab The vehicle was a station wagon.  It was used as a taxi.  According to the vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid281021 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 accident report, no mech
anical defects were found on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid281021  vehicle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid281021 
\par [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 The road where the impact occurred had recently been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 tar sealed. The appellant lost \tab control of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892  vehicle as it approached a bend.  The vehicle hit a concrete post on the \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534 left }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 
side of the road, flipped and landed upside down. The passenger died at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 scene.  \tab The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14898442  victim\rquote s skull was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534  fracture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14898442 d as a result of the impact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15419534  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 The c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 au}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 se of death }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14898442 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 was brain injury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid281021 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 
\par [8]\tab The appellant gave evidence. He did not dispu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 te his identity as the driver of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 vehicle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11696186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2376421 He gave an innocent explanation for the cause of the accident. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2376421 he was driving betwe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 en 50 \endash  60km/hr when he lost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2376421  control of his vehicle. He said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 he had to move his vehicle to the far left side of the road to avoid impact with an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 oncoming truck. He said that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2376421  lost }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 control of his vehicle whe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 n he moved it to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 left side }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 of the road and on the loose gravel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3763867   He denied driving the vehicle in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3763867 dangerous manner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105892 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3763867 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 [9]\tab The appellant was charged with aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death \tab contrary to section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481  97 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11753647  (c), 5 (a), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757475 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481  and 114 of the Land Transport Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3763867 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7013735 [10]\tab Section 97 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481  provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin0\itap0\pararsid10051209\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid339552 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552\charrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 commits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209  the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209  offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 aggravated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8865312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 dangerous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8865312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 driving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 occasioning death if the person commits the offence under subsection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 \tab \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 (2) in circumstances of aggravation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid339552\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2904696\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15694585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396957 [11]\tab Section 97 (2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 ) provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467842\charrsid10513276 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li700\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid467842 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 A person commits the offence of dangerous driving occasioning death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252516 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 if the vehicle driven by the person is involved in an impact occasioning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252516 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 the death of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252516  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842  driver }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 was, at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 time of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11753647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252516 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 impact, driving the vehicle- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li697\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin697\itap0\pararsid15478031\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-700\li2120\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2120\itap0\pararsid467842 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid467842\charrsid467842 (a) \tab under the influence of intoxicating liquor or of a drug; 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467842\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 \tab \tab (b) \tab at a speed dangerous to another person or persons or persons; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2622695\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467842\charrsid467842 (c)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8865312\charrsid467842 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2904696\charrsid467842 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842 manner }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842 dangerous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid467842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 another }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516  or 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2622695 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15694585\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6571077\charrsid6571077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 [12]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 Section 97 (5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7013735 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816  (a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7013735 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816  provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512481 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin0\itap0\pararsid8674981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276\charrsid10513276 For the purposes of this section, the circumstances in which a vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10513276\charrsid10513276 is involved in an impact occasioning the death of, or grievous bodily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10513276\charrsid10513276 harm to, a person include if the death or harm is occasioned through }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10513276\charrsid10513276 any of the following -
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10513276 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin804\lin1800\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid10513276 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid10513276 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10513276  vehicle overturning or leaving a public street while the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10513276 person is being conveyed  in  or  on  that  vehicle  (whether as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10513276 
a passenger or \tab otherwise);
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin0\itap0\pararsid10051209\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 [13]\tab Section 8 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10513276\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin0\itap0\pararsid10051209\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 A person who commits an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209 \tab 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 is liable on conviction to the prescribed penalty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10051209\charrsid10051209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 
\par [14]\tab Section 114 is the penalty provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513276 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 [15]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396957 main }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 complaint against conviction is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396957  that the appellant was charged with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396957 aggravated dangerous driving, but wa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 s convicted of a lesser offence of dangerous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 
driving occasioning death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396957 without prior notice or an opportunity to present a defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16396957 to the lesser offence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1709519 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4916599 
The offence of dangerous driving occasioning death becomes aggravated dangerous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4916599 driving occasioning death if it }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4916599 committed in the circumstances provided by section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4916599 97 (7) of the Land Transport Act. Section 97 (7) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917845 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4916599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1418\li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8674981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 In this section, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 circumstances of aggravation\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 eans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659  any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 \tab 
\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 circumstances at the time of the impact occasioning death or grievous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 bodily harm in which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid339552 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid8287659  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar
\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9967343\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 more,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659  than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 prescribed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659  concentration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 alcohol }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 present in the accused's blood; or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi709\li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9967343\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid8287659 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9967343 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9967343\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 driving the vehicle concerned on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 public\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 
street at a speed that exceeded, by more than 45 kilometres per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 hour, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659  prescribed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 speed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 limit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid8287659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 (if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 any) applicable to that 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid8287659 length of public street; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li720\ri804\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin804\lin720\itap0\pararsid9967343\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967343\charrsid9967343 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li1418\ri804\sa200\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin804\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9967343\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13319612\charrsid9967343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 driving the vehicle to escape pursuit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8287659\charrsid9967343 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6571077\charrsid9967343 by a police or authorised officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid9967343 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6571077\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10629816 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497\charrsid6571077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5184497\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 In the present case, while the statement of offence made reference }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  offence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 aggravated dangerous driving occasion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388760 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  death, the particulars of the offence did}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388760  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 
provide any of the circumstances of agg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252516 ravation outlined in section 97}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16388760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 (7). The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 particulars disclosed the offence of dangerous driving occasioning death and not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 Neither t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 prosecution made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 attempt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 to amend the charge n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 the defence took any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 objection}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 to the defect in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 charge at the trial. The defence case was presented on the basis that the charge was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 
aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death. The learned trial magistrate did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 identify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634  the defect in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556801  the charge in his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634  judgment. He convicted the appellant for}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556801  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556801 lesser offence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15352634  dangerous driving occasioning death without realising that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 
charge was aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death. This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556801  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634  apparent from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803722 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15352634 reasons the learned trial magistrate gave for convicting the appellant: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12008351\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid12008351\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 \tab 19.\tab 
The important question before this Court is whether the Accused drove \tab \tab his vehicle LT 4073 in a dangerous manner and involved in an impact \tab \tab and caused the death of WAISEA RAIAISO.
\par 
\par \tab 20.\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351\charrsid10770508 Archibold (1996)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351  term dangerous has been described  as danger \tab \tab 
either  of  injury  to  any  person  or  of  serious  damage  to  property.  \tab \tab Additionally, it states  that  a  person  is  to  be regarded as driving \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556801 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 dangerously if:-
\par \tab 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12008351 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi327\li1800\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid12008351\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 The way or manner  he drivers falls far below what would be \tab \tab expected of a Competent and careful driver,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12008351 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi993\li1134\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid12008351\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 
It  would  be  obvious to a competent and careful driver that \tab \tab \tab driving in that way would be dangerous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351\charrsid10770508 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid12008351\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 \tab 21.\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12008351\charrsid10770508 Semisi Lasike v The State
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351\charrsid10770508  (2002) FJHC 159}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 ; Justice Shameem \tab \tab noted that:
\par \tab 
\par \tab \tab \'93Dangerous  driving  is  the  causing  of  a dangerous situation by a \tab \tab manner of driving which falls below the standard expected of a prudent \tab \tab driver\'94.
\par 
\par \tab 22.\tab There is a dispute also with regard to element (iv) whether the accused \tab \tab drove  \tab his  vehicle  dangerously.  The  charge  is one of aggravated \tab \tab dangerous  driving occasioning death.  Hence the prosecution must \tab \tab 
prove the accused was driving in a manner dangerous to a person.
\par 
\par \tab 23.\tab Now I will  consider  the  sketch  plan  which  was marked as EX-03.  \tab \tab The defence did not object to mark the said sketch plan.  The break \tab \tab marks were seen 33.1m from the place of impact.  The length of the \tab \tab 
break marks was 39.8m.  It clearly shows that the Accused was driving \tab \tab at a high speed.  The vehicle had even gone 15m after the impact.
\par 
\par \tab 24.\tab The  road  has  two  lanes  each  going  down  and  up  the Hibiscus \tab \tab Highway.  If there was a vehicle from the opposite side, the Accused \tab \tab had ample space to drive safely.
\par 
\par \tab 25.\tab However, the expert evidence is accepted that the taxi (LT 4073) was \tab \tab in good condition.  Also, the brake marks of such length indicate brake \tab \tab was working.
\par 
\par \tab 26.\tab The defence  tried  to  establish that the road condition was bad and \tab \tab because of the  said  reason, the  accident  took  place.  According to \tab \tab the prosecution\rquote s evidence  as  well  as  the  supplied 
 photographs, it is \tab \tab evident that the road condition was good. Further, the accused admitted \tab \tab the fact that the taxi went off road because of the speed.
\par 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351\charrsid5974789 Q:\tab You went off the road due to your high speed?
\par \tab \tab A:\tab Yes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12008351\charrsid5974789 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008351 \tab 27.\tab I am satisfied  beyond  reasonable  doubt  that it was his dangerous \tab \tab manner  of  driving which caused  the incident and the death which \tab \tab resulted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5833704\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11017629 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 [18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11017629 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9589890 It is clear from the learned trial magistrate\rquote 
s reasons that he found the appellant to be \tab at fault for creating a dangerous situation by over speeding.  Counsel for the appellant \tab quite properly points out that the appellant was not charged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7556801 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9589890 driving at a speed \tab dangerous to another person. Driving at a speed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875  dangerous to another}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122  person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875  is an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6575875 offence under section 97}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5127479  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875 (2) (b) of the Land Transport Act. The appellant was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875 specifically charged with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 
 aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875 under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6575875 
section 97 (1) (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 (c). Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3235020  submits th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 
at the conviction for the lesser offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 without prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5127479 
notice was prejudicial to the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3235020 Counsel fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 
r the State concedes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 that the appellant was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid339552 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11420489 convicted of a lesser offence without notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3235020 but submits that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274122 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3235020 there was no substantial miscarriage of justice.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid395770\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 [19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3235020 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15737796 Section 14 (2) of the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3096800 states that every accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5127479 has a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3096800\charrsid3487930  right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3096800\charrsid3487930  to be informed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3096800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3096800\charrsid3096800 of the nature of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3096800 
the charge. Section 15 (1) states that every accused has a right to a fair }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3096800 trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14899107 The courts no doubt have discretion to convict an accused for an alternative or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14899107  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14899107 lesser offence, even without a formal charge. But that discretion to convict an accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14899107 for a lesser offence must be exercised judiciously so that the trial is fair and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14899107 accused is not prejudiced. The accused should be given notice of the lesser offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14899107 and also accorded an opportunity to defend a lesser charge. As Shameem J said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10947011\charrsid10947011 Rao }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10947011\charrsid10947011 v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011\charrsid10947011 
 [2007] FJHC 81; HAA102J.07S (6 December 2007) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 at 7:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1418\ri805\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin805\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8674981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011\charrsid10947011 
At the end of the prosecution case, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930  (the magistrate)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011\charrsid10947011 
 may advise the parties that he considers there is insufficient evidence to support the charge, but there is sufficient evidence to support the lesser offence. The Accused should be given an opportunity to cross-examine any of the witnesses again on the l
esser charge so he or she is not prejudiced. At the end of the trial the Magistrate may convict of the lesser offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10947011\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5833704\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 Although the learned trial magistrate had the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 
to convict the appellant of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011 lesser offence of dangerous driving occasion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947011  death, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 no prior notice of that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 charge b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 efore convicting the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 The appellant was also not accorded  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 procedural fairness in presenting his defence on the lesser charge. The trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487930 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 miscarried. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 For these reasons, the conviction cannot stand.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761883\charrsid5996132 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 ]\tab The conviction and sentence is set aside.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 [22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16064702 ]\tab A retrial is ordered before another magistrate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1928257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid395770 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 ]\tab The appellant is ordered to appear in the Magistrates
\rquote  Court at Savusavu on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11228893 12 March \tab 2018 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10689761 at 9.30am for mention and to sign fresh bail.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4793076\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7616976 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5184497 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 \tab \tab \tab \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. \'85\'85.
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid13334933 Hon. Mr Justice Daniel Goundar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid4727768 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15617184 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15617184\charrsid13334933 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid13334933 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617184\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184 Kohli & Singh for the Appellant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid13334933 Office of the Director of Public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617184  Prosecutions for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15617184\charrsid13334933 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193416 
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