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{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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\insrsid9517907  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10837030 27}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9517907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9517907 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3215922\charrsid6228690 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 Criminal Appeal No: HAA 57 of 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11107320\charrsid6228690 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 [Suva MC Cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10755366\charrsid6228690 iminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 
 Case No: C/F 872 of 2018]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid12256164 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11107320\charrsid12256164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11107320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid3885484 FIJI INDEPENDENT COMMISSION AGAINST CORRUPTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11107320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 [FICAC]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid3885484 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 APPELLANT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid12256164 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11107320\charrsid12256164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11107320 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 SITIVENI LIGAMAMADA RABUKA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6228690  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 Gates CJ
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2769228 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6228690   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 Mr. R. Aslam with Mr. S. Savumiramira for Appellant
\par Mr. F. Vosarogo with Mr. K. Vuetaki and Ms L. Tabuya for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11107320  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 Respondent
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6228690  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\super\insrsid3885484\charrsid3885484 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484  November 2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid6228690 Date of Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6228690  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\super\insrsid3885484\charrsid3885484 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484  November 2018
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid3885484\charrsid3885484 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid1715768 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3885484 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 [1]\tab This appeal concerns duties of fin
ancial disclosure (at pre-election stage) imposed on office-holders of registered political p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9269348 arties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 
\par 
\par [2]\tab On 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid1715768\charrsid1715768 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 
 October 2018, before a Resident Magistrate sitting at Suva, Mr. Rabuka, the Respondent, was acquitted of a single count charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 
 Providing False Declaration of assets, income and liabilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768  contrary to section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768  24(1A) and 24(5) of the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding, and Disclosures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1715768 
 Act [No. 4 of 2013].  He had pleaded not guilty and after trial had been acquitted.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227 
\par [3]\tab A timely petition of appeal was filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8856442  by the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  in the registry of the High Court on 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\super\insrsid12351227\charrsid12351227 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  October 2018.  This was amended within the appeal period on 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid12351227\charrsid12351227 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  October 2018.  The amendment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16129503 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  foreshadowed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9966823  by Petitioner\rquote s counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  at court on the first mention of this case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13249956 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13249956 Need to expedite Electoral Cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13249956\charrsid13249956 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227 [4]\tab At the first call on 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid12351227\charrsid12351227 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227  October 2018 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10510580 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227 said the court would expedite the hearing of this appeal for two reasons.
\par 
\par [5]\tab First the Electoral Act 2014 specifically demands a prompt decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10510580  by the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227 
 on charges for election related offences.  Section 18A states}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424042 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351227 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424042 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424042 \tab \'9318A.\tab 
    A court must promptly make a decision with respect to a charge filed for an election related offence
 under this Act, the Electoral (Registration of Voters) Act 2012 and the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding and Disclosures) Act 2013. [s.18A insrt Act 5 of 2017 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10973312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424042 4, opn 17 Feb 2017]\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10973312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15218837 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 When there is an application to the Court of Disputed Returns to inquire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 
 into the rightfulness of a member occupying a seat in Parliament and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611  seeking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 a declaration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 as to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361  whether the seat has become vacant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3229611 , such decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 
 has to be delivered by the court within 21 days [Constitution sections 63(1) and 63(5)].  The validity of elections also must be determined within 21 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10973312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 
\par [7]\tab These provisions are adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11013047  in many jurisdictions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361  because of the need for certainty and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11013047  for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361  a swift conclusion of the issues as to the validity of elections.
\par 
\par [8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3670967 In the instant case the consequences of a conviction are severe.  The penalty provision for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11013047  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3670967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 conviction under section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11013047 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 
 24(1A) and 24(5) provides for a fine not exceeding $50,000 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11013047 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208  a term of imprisonment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14181823  to be imposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208  not exceeding 10 years or to both.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 
\par [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3894561 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 ection 56(2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3894561 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 
the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3894561 provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208  that a person may be a candidate for election to Parliament only if the person \endash  
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par 
\par \'93(g)\tab has not, at any time during the 8 years immediately before being nominated, been convicted of any offence under any law for which the maximum penalty is a term of imprisonment of 12 months or more; and
\par 
\par (h)\tab has not been found guilty of any offence under a law relating to elections, registration of political parties or registration of voters.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9843361 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967401 [10]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8207530 Even i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967401 f convicted of a lesser offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14181823  under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967401 election laws generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14181823 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967401 
 a person so convicted would appear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15342179 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14181823  suffer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15342179 a life time penalty of disqualificatio}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7419243 n from standing for Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1385775 
\par \tab A conviction for the charge under consideration \endash  sections 24(1A) and 24(5) \endash  besides the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid401920  imposition of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1385775  sentence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid401920  of substance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6753261 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid401920  would also carry a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1385775 
 life disqualification from standing for Parliament.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14618510 
\par [11]\tab The Electoral Act 2014 repeats those p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10697864 rovisions of the Constitution at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14618510  Section 23(4).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482 
\par [12]\tab Unfortunately this case comes to the High Court at a time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12255373 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  the Writ for the General Elections has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid4150002  already}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  been issued.  Indeed some pre-poll voting has commenced and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9706305 other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  voters will cast their vote at polling booths on Wednesday 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid16282482\charrsid16282482 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  November 2018.
\par 
\par [13]\tab In this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9706305 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4150002  with the above time constraints}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9706305 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4150002 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  can grant access to a litigant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9706305  only}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  as far as to the High Court.  Appeal is possible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9987369 beyond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482 
 to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9706305 But t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482 hose two courts would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15552075 unlikely}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  to provide access prior to the impending Election.
\par 
\par [14]\tab This appeal was set down }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid922712 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482 for 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid16282482\charrsid16282482 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  call with less than the usual notice.  The Respondent was served with the Petition of Appeal and Notice of Hearing (first call) on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid16282482\charrsid16282482 
th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482  October 2018 (affidavit of service not specifying time) at Vuinadi Village, Cakaudrove.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7560703 
  His solicitors were served on the same day at 3.42pm.  The 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid7560703\charrsid7560703 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7560703  mention was fixed for 3.30pm the following day Tuesday 30}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid7560703\charrsid7560703 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7560703  October 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16282482 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7560703 
\par [15]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8808778 The Respondent himself was attending to his business away from Suva.  He was served on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid8808778\charrsid8808778 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8808778  October 2018 at approximately 6.17pm to appear in court the next day at 3.30pm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7560703 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615 
\par [16]\tab Adverse comment was made of FICAC for assisting with service on the R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9197349 espondent away on Vanua Levu.  But i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615 t was necessary to move fast }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615  the process to allow the parties the maximum time within the limited window for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9197349 
 preparation, a hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9197349  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615  a decision on the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid5468871   No criticism should properly be levelled against that Commission for its assistance to the Court in serving the Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615 
\par 
\par [17]\tab In the result it is to the Respondent\rquote s credit that he returned to Suva in time for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid5725615\charrsid5725615 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615 
 call of the case, and to instruct his counsel.  Commendable too that both legal teams }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8002860 produced reasoned arguments, submissions and authorities to assist the court for the hearing on 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid8002860\charrsid8002860 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10050548  November 2018, 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8002860 days later.  The constraint of time was far from ideal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5725615 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 
\par [18]\tab The court was mindful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713 that if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  the Magistrates Court instead of acquitting Mr. Rabuka 
had convicted him, his counsel would have asked the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10817333 High C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 ourt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15995610 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  quite properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15995610 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  to grant his or her client access}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713  f
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713  an urgent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144  appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 
 so that a decision could be made prior to Election Day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144  with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10050548  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10050548 ame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid983144  constraints}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 . The court must do its best }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14689123 and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  be even-handed.
\par 
\par [19]\tab In future}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8589331 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  election related cases brought through the Magistrates Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8589331 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  should proceed with greater speed and case management control.  Magistrates must bear in mind either party may wish to take the Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8589331 \rquote 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 s decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 on appeal.  The ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8914079 
hortation m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 ade to the courts for expeditio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11169984  full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324  disclosures need to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12596428  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 
 made early on, and counsel engaged who are available for court trial dates.  Where time is short, an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690 election case cannot be put off for 3 months to suit Senior Counsel\rquote s 
diary.  The right to counsel of choice is for a choice to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10957165  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  made fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11206713 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  amongst counsel who are available to do the case on the trial dates.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4479324 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690 
\par [20]\tab Mr. Vosarogo urged a narrower interpretation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8914079 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  18A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 as to what extent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690  to make a prompt decision in these cases.  He limited it to the court of first instance, the trial court.
\par 
\par [21]\tab The heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842 above section 18A in the Electoral Act reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10442690 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3766546 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842 \tab \tab \'93Court to finalise decisions\'94
\par 
\par [22]\tab I note }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3100818 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3100818 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13200842  is expressed in the plural and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842  the verb \'93finalise\'94
 has been used.  The statute envisages more than one decision for an election related offence.  \'93Finalise\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12151252 suggests \'93bring to a conclusion.\'94  This would tend to bring in \'93appeals\'94
 as well.  All along the line, the courts are directed to come to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3766546  swift}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12151252  finality.  If the ultimate result were still pending the matter }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12151252  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494  have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12151252 
 been brought to a conclusion or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3766546  have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12151252  reached finality.  I find the appellate courts are subject to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8327585 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12793494 atutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8327585 exhortation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12793494  as the court of trial for election related offences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13200842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14618510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 [23]\tab The second reason for striving for expedition is in following the philosophy of a line of Indian Supreme Court decisions, culminating in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 Public Interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15880085 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 oundation v Union of India}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 
 [2018] INSC 822 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid15997315\charrsid15997315 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315  September 2018.  Those cases cover
ed a wider field than necessarily election matters, extending to political corruption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6053448 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3766546  which is not the gravity of allegation here}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 .  Various reports were referred to including the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 World Bank Review Vol. 5 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315  and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 Law Commission of India \endash  Report on Expeditious Investigation and Trial of Criminal Cases Against Influential Public Persons [No. 239] March 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 ; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 Law Commission of India Report on Electoral Disqualifications [No. 244] February 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14618510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 
\par [24]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15997315 Public Interest Foundation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15997315  case upholds the pr
inciple that criminal trials involving public officials or persons in political life need to be proceeded with expeditiously.  The case was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317 concerned with electoral disqualifications.  That said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  persons in public life are not to be hounded or harassed.  T
hese cases are concerned with delays where it might be felt the matter is not proceeding to trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12916651  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  special treatment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317 s being accorded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651  to the Accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317 .  Ultimately the aim must be for equality of treatment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651 a protection afforded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  by section 26 of the Fiji Constitution, see too }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9263317 Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9263317  [2012] FJHC 864;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12916651  HAR001.2012 (13 February 2012), where it was said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid15997315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3606684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14888639 \tab \'93[33]\tab 
Celebrity status may involve many facets.  The person in question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1591380 might be rich, famous, notorious, highly popular, a foreign dignitary, promi
nent in politics, an aristocrat or member of a royal household}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
, or a star of film, television or the sporting world.  It is essential that the courts treat such persons no differently from the ordinary person in the street.  Before the law no more can be e
xpected of them than from others.  They do not come to the courts with a handicap nor with an edge on others.  They are not to be penalised for their fame, nor given greater leniency for their importance and standing in the community.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3606684\charrsid9263317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10169208 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13712750 Appealing an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3343421 A
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13712750 cquittal: Is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3343421 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13712750 anction of the Deputy Commissioner required}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid13712750\charrsid3343421 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13712750\charrsid13712750 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9503510 25]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8334491 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4477235 
ounsel for FICAC flagged the issue of the sanction of the Deputy Commissioner of FICAC.  Section 246(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act under the Heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4477235 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid4477235 Part XV \endash  Appeals from the Magistrates Courts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4477235 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4477235  provides that \'93
no appeal shall lie against an order of acquittal except by, or with the sanction in writing of the Director of Public Prosecutions or of the Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4477235 
\par [26]\tab In this case the Deputy Commissioner has filed no separate sanction document.  This is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10620089 no doubt because of the Court of Appeal decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10620089 FICAC v Apolosi Pio Sekitoga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10620089  [2013] FJCA 127 AAU061.2012 (5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid10620089\charrsid10620089 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10620089  December 2013).  The court held that the requirement for written sanction to appeal against an acquittal only applied to persons or institutions other than the DPP or FICAC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid4477235 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10620089 
\par [27]\tab Goundar JA said [para 16]:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10835093 \tab \'93\'85\'85 The rational}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13387183 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10835093  for the written sanction is to prevent frivolous or vexatious appeals against acquittals.  To impute the 
requirement for sanction in an appeal by the DPP or FICAC is indeed absurd.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10620089\charrsid10620089 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5054931 \tab and at para 17:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5054931 \tab \'93
If FICAC or the DPP files an appeal against acquittal by the Magistrates\rquote  Court in compliance with their statutory right, then there is a presumption that the
 official decision to prosecute an appeal is made in a principled manner.  In those circumstances, there is no logic in requiring a written sanction to validate your own appeal.  Written sanction is only required if an appeal against acquittal is brought 
in the High Court by a person or institution other than FICAC or the DPP.  Based on these reasons, we hold that the High Court erred in law in dismissing FICAC\rquote s appeal for want of written sanction.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5054931 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9073060 Electoral Offences \endash  Civil or Criminal Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9073060\charrsid9073060 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10835093 [28]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13187150 Electoral offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7996687  are properly classified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid6361683 as cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13187150 iminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6361683 .  Though Electoral Legislation has long been regarded as a special jurisdiction, the heavy }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761 penalties and disqualification provided in the legislation mean that the charge brought, indeed both limbs of section 24(5), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10560883 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid605761  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10560883  an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  administrative or quasi-ci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13187150 vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761 l matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15168696 Rather }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12720995 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15168696 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12720995  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761 can be regarded as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6714581 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761 quasi-criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6714581 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  or indeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12720995  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  straightforward }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6714581 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761 criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6714581 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  charge: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid605761 Engel and Others v Netherlands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  European Court of Human Rights No. 5100/71 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid605761\charrsid605761 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  June 1976; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid605761 Surinder Singh v Hardial Singh & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid605761  [1984] INSC 201.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10835093 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16648769 
\par [29]\tab It follows that the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act apply to the conduct of these proceedings, so far as it is applicable.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8524237 
\par [30]\tab The onus of proof lies upon the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid547265 prosecution to prove its case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3619261  to the standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid547265 
 beyond reasonable doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3619261 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3619261 Surinder Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3619261  (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid8524237 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8982124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8982124 The Facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8982124 
\par [31]\tab Certain obligations of financial disclosure are placed upon office holders or registered officers of registered political p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 arties.  On}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8982124 
 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid8982124\charrsid8982124 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8982124  December 2017 the Respondent visited the Office of the Supervisor of Elections and lodged a declaration document }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 providing details to the Registrar of his financial circumstances as required under section 24(1A).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12660348 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 he last part of the required details provided was incomplete.  It lacked specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9790205\charrsid6948728 details of liabilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9790205  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9444965 incurred or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 which had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9790205\charrsid6948728 discharged}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205  during 2017.  There were 4 items }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10051659 omitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205  as set out in the charges.  They were:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8982124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205 1.\tab 
A tax liability with the Fiji Revenue and Customs Services of $316,956-50.
\par 
\par 2.\tab Investment and interest income with Raghwan Constructions Ltd. in the sum of $200,000 [investment].
\par 
\par 3.\tab and $16,000 [income].
\par 
\par 4.\tab and a liability with Raghwan Constructions Ltd. of $120,000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9790205\charrsid9790205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 [32]\tab Several statements and documents were tende}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13242383 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 
d by counsel.  In particular the declaration itself of Mr. Rabuka of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14364745 Income, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 Assets,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14364745  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267  Liabilities as at 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid13385267\charrsid13385267 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 
 December 2017.  He completed the following details at the top of page 1:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 \tab Position held in political party:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13242383 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 Party Leader
\par \tab Date of Appointment:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13242383 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 24 June 2016
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 [33]\tab There was a section headed \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16385923 Particulars of Liabilities in Fiji or Abroad [Loans, Creditors, Debts, etc].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15276143 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16385923   Mr. Rabuka had filled in the details which did not include the 4 items mentioned in the charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13385267 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16385923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 [34]\tab On 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid3353448\charrsid3353448 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
 May 2018 Mr. Rabuka was interviewed under caution by the Manager Investigations for FICAC, Mr. Wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13384342 kanivesi.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
The interview was video recorded, and at the trial at the defence request}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13897215 , the video }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
was played in full before the court.  Its contents and conduct were not in dispute.  Mr. Rabuka had been able to speak to his counsel before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13897215  going ahead with the interview.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16385923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
\par [35]\tab In the course of the interview he was asked about the 4 missing items from the Liabilities Column of the declaration.  He gave his explanation.  He was at ease in the interview}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10164693 .  He}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  had his 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10357630 arch-lever}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  files with him for referen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10164693 ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10164693 .  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  was very co-operative with the interviewer.

\par 
\par [36]\tab He admitted these items had not been included in the declaration.  At various points in the interview he explained:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 \tab \'93I think it was an oversight.\'94
\par 
\par \tab \'93It may be an oversight in my annual returns.\'94
\par 
\par \tab \'93I see that as an unfortunate accident, I did not d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2367912 elivered (sic), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 it was not to default anyone.  I just did not feel I need to do that 
\'85\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 [37]\tab Mr. Rabuka said he prepared the declaration himself.  He had not received any assistance.
\par 
\par [38]\tab Evidence was led }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12660348 concerning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 the registration of the political party \endash  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2367912 
ODELPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10617381  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5856205 fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
of Mr. Rabuka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5856205 being the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  party leader.  That evidence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5856205 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 registration was not accepted by the defence.  Counsel asked for these facts or elements of the offence to be formally proved.  The Supervisor of Elections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11145376 
, the second prosecution witness,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  gave his evidence in relation to these two elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11145376  of the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 .  The Supervisor  Elections by virtue of his office is also the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3215676  of Political Parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
 under the Electoral Legislation and for the purposes of the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14817450 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  Funding and Disclosures) Act.
\par 
\par [39]\tab Mr. Rabuka elected not to give evidence.  That is his right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5517496  as a suspect or an Accused person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 and 
no adverse inference can be drawn from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11558695 exercise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  of that right.  His explanation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5517496 
 in the video interview}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8485591  addresses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 the question of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10368598  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3353448  omission of the required information in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16660653 declaration and the likely reasons for the error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3353448 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16660653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid16660653 Agreed Facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16660653 
\par [40]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 Unfortunately though there was consent to certain matters, there were no formal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12651296 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 
greed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12651296 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 acts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11951827  filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 
.  This case would have benefitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5468366 greatly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13643621 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7542950 om such a document.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16660653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 
\par [41]\tab The provision for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid17391 Agreed Facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155  is set out in section 135 of the Criminal Procedure Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10777787  [the CPD]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid213155 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15283778 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15537751 
135.\tab (1)  An accused person, or his or her lawyer, may in any criminal proceedings admit any fact or element of an offence, and such an admission will constitute sufficient proof of that fact or element.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid213155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15537751 
\par \tab (2)  Every admission made under this section must be in writing and signed by the person making the admission or by his or her lawyer, and \endash 
\par 
\par \tab \tab (a)\tab by the prosecutor; and
\par \tab \tab (b)\tab by the judge or magistrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15537751\charrsid16660653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15537751 \tab (3)  Nothing in sub-section (2) prevents a court from relying upon any admission made by any party during the course of a proceeding or trial.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13072197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424852 [42]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15299749 At an early stage in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4196752  the Magistrates }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid5768061 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4196752 ourt there were moves to obtain pre-trial orders pursuant to sections 289-292 of the CPD.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5468366 But t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4196752 hese were largely aimed at discovering the source of the original complaint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383 
  Unfortunately whatever were the discussions between the parties, nothing of significance was agreed until the last minute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3148141 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383  the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3148141 first day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383  of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid424852 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383 
\par [43]\tab The objectives of the pre-trial procedures are set out in section 289.  They are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15677937  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 (a)\tab 
improve case management in the courts exercising criminal jurisdiction;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2967383 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par (b)\tab apply procedures at an appropriate stage before the trial of a criminal case, which aim to \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 (i)\tab clarify the triable issues in each criminal proceeding;

\par 
\par (ii)\tab confirm the charges that are to proceed to trial;
\par 
\par (iii)\tab ascertain the intention of the accused person to plead guilty to the charge against him or her, or to any other appropriate charge;
\par 
\par (iv)\tab determine the length of the trial, and explore means by which its hearing may be facilitated by the application of any appropriate procedure.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par (c)\tab otherwise enhance the efficiency of the courts in determining criminal proceedings in any just manner.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14038804 [44]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728 Possible orders are listed in the following section.  The clarification 
of exactly what was disputed in this case was paramount here.  It is often forgotten that the Agreed Facts provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15492643 can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728  also }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15283009 list}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728  legal elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7941865  of the charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15283009 that are}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7941865  admitted.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728 All too rarely are legal elements which are accepted and agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5640619  actually so}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728  specified in the Agreed Facts document.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5640619 Sometimes o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16318728 
f six elements of an offence requiring proof, possibly only two are in dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14767117 .  These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5640619 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14767117  constitute the litigation issues to be contested by the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13447624 .  They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14767117 should be clearly set out in the Agreed F
acts document.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid1522541 Appellant\rquote s Grounds of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid1522541\charrsid1522541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 [45]\tab There were 15 grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12066022  lodged,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541  but I would summarise these to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12066022 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541  that the learned Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7896049  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 (i)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 
i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 ncorrectly referred to section 27(4) of the Act as relevant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7950214 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 charge.
\par 
\par (ii)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 rongfully disregarded Mr. Mohammed Saneem\rquote 
s evidence (the Supervisor of Elections, and thus the Registrar] as hearsay in testifying as to the fact that both SODELPA was a registered party and that Mr. Rabuka was a registered party leader of the same.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 (iii)\tab f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 ailed to recognise that the defence raised amounted to an ignorance of law.
\par 
\par (iv)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 ailed to consider the direct and circumstantial evidence proving the fault element and thus the intent of the Respondent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 
\par (v)\tab wrongly accepted that the conduct and co-operation of the Respondent during the investigation established his defence of honest mistake.
\par 
\par (vi)\tab wrongly stating the prosecution had conceded to the good character of the defendant.
\par 
\par (viii)\tab wrongly considering good character in the absence of cogent evidence in support of that conclusion, and accorded good character undue weight.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1522541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9388864 The Elements of the Offence Requiring Proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9388864\charrsid9388864 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16339444 [46]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11877913 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10030197 hese may be tabulated as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid8717387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8650926 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 Offence S.24(5)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 Legal elements required to be proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550\charrsid13052550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 LIMB 1 \endash  failing to comply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par 1.\tab Any person
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 2.\tab who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 fails to comply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  with the requirements of subsections (1), (1A), (1B), or (2) of section 24 [see obligations below]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par 3.\tab with intent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4589735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4589735 query}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 )
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 OR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550\charrsid7097651 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 LIMB 2 \endash  providing false information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par 1.\tab Any person
\par 
\par 2.\tab who provides any information [see obligations below]
\par 
\par 3.\tab that is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 FALSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 ,
\par 
\par 4.\tab with intent.
\par 
\par commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550\charrsid15347278 $50,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
 or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 10 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  or both.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 Obligations of Office Holders or Registered Officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550\charrsid15347278 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 [s.24(1A) & s.24 (5)] Politi
cal Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding, and Disclosures) Act 2013
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 (1)\tab A person who is appointed as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 an office holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  or a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 registered officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
 [see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16088367  definition in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  Section 2 of Act]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par (2)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 After 30 June 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par 
\par (3)\tab of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 political party registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  under this Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550\charrsid2453784 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 (4)\tab 
shall within 30 days of the date of his or her appointment and thereafter, on or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 before 31 December}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  of each year, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550\charrsid2453784 provide to the Registrar a Statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 (5)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550 containing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  the following information in respect of that person and his or her spouse and any children \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 (h)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550\charrsid16088367 liabilities incurred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 , or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13052550\charrsid16088367 discharged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13052550  by each of them \'85. and the amount of each such liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2365290 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13052550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 [47]\tab I now come on to consider the summarised grounds of appeal and other arguments raised by both counsel in the course of the appeal hearing and submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid14833155 The Defence suggested in section 27(4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par [48]\tab This matter was not raised by either counsel in the trial.  It was raised towards the end of the learned Magistrate\rquote s judgment.  The Magistrate said \'93because from the defence case it appears that this section may apply to the defendant.
\'94
\par 
\par [49]\tab Section 27 appears to be a General Provision section to deal with others associated with a political party who fail to furnish information required under the Act.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13310299 [50]\tab Section 27(4) provides a defence as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13310299 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9183930 \tab \'93
(4)  A person does not commit an offence under subsection (1) or (2) if that person proves to the satisfaction of the court that he or she exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of that act as he or she ought
 to have exercised, having regard to all the circumstances.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13310299\charrsid14833155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9183930 [51]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3372477 
That defence is not repeated in other sections for other classes of bodies or persons who fail to furnish information as required, such as in section 24(1A), relevant to this case.  Section 24(1A) only applies to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3372477 persons appointed after 30 June 2014 as an office holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3372477 .  Section 27 applies to other persons without the appointment date requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid5340511   The Respondent was not charged under this section, and so the defence does not apply to his case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3372477   The Magistrate\rquote 
s finding in this regard is mistaken and must be disregarded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9183930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid5927782 Was Registrar\rquote s oral testimony hearsay and inadmissible?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 
\par [52]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16278266 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 he short answer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16278266 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11960258 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16278266  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 it is not to be regarded as hearsay or inadmissible.  The better question is whether in terms of proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11960258 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3373642 the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782  was of sufficient quality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11960258 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782  and whether it addressed the necessary legal elements and facts requiring proof.
\par 
\par [53]\tab The defence insisted on strict proof of the facts of:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 (a)\tab the registration of the political party \endash 
 namely SODELPA, and of
\par 
\par (b)\tab Mr. Rabuka being the \'93party leader\'94, and thereby \'93an office holder\'94 under section 2 of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782\charrsid5927782 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3372477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 [54]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16273735 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2561923 irst it must be considered whether as \'93party leader\'94 Mr. Rabuka was \'93
an office holder\'94 and thus required to make an annual declaration of his assets and liabilities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789   The defence made it clear they required proof that he was the party leader, and secondly }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9185440 disputed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789 that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid683685 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789 
included in the meaning of office holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid683685 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid683685  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9924181 But i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789 t was not for the defence to prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11960258  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2058789  he was neither.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9896534 
\par [55]\tab Section 2 of the Act provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330605 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid9330605 office holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330605  in r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16273735 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330605 
lation to a political party means any person who is elected or appointed by the members of the political party to hold office in that political party, and shall include the president, vice-president, treasurer, 
secretary and the registered officer of the political party.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9896534\charrsid9330605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5927782 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid665720 [56]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 In interpreting the section I note the definition refers first to those persons \'93elected or appointed by the members.\'94
  There is then a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid929893 comma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14358310 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 ollowed by examples of who those persons might be:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid665720 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 \tab \'93
and shall include the president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, and the registered officer of the political party.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3372477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 [57]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12729829 It does not specially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6168113 list}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid929893 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12729829 \'93party leader\'94 as an office holder.  However it anticipates other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11930509 officials}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12729829 
 being included who may bear different titles.  The phrase \'93and shall include\'94 does not exclude other officials who may qualify as \'93office holders.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258 
\par [58]\tab Mr. Vosarogo referred to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7174971 amending}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258  bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6384923 , in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7500258  now already an Act \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6384923  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258  Electoral (Amendment) Act 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2775495  
\endash  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258 which the party list for the nomination of candidates must be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6514344  lodged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258 
 in writing and signed by the \'93President\'94 and the \'93registered officer\'94 of the political party.  Formerly it was to be signed by the \'93leader\'94 and the \'93secretary.\'94  That is some indication, but not conclusive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6514344 .  Here the task is to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258  interpret}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6514344  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258 
a separate stand alone piece of legislation.
\par 
\par [59]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2558028 The Explanatory Note to the Bill gave as reasons for the change of office holders:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7500258 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2558028 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2558028 \tab \'93
This is to align the terms with the terms used in the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding, and Disclosures) Act 2013.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4602007 [60]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 In interpreting definitions of this kind the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid3091448\charrsid3091448 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid2182914\charrsid3091448 jusdem generis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914  rule is often resorted to.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1795856   Of that rule it was said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 \'93It is not a rule of law, but merely a rule of construction to aid the courts to find out the true intention of the legislature\'94 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 Jage Ram & Oth. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11759179 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid2182914  State of Haryana & Ors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914  [1971] INSC 68.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid4602007 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 
\par [61]\tab The rule had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1126652 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1126652  in this way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid2182914 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid420623 \tab \'93
Where in a statute there are general words following particular and specific words, the general
 words must be confined to things of the same kind as those specified, although this, as a rule of construction, must be applied with caution, subject to the primary rule that statutes are to be construed in accordance with the intention of Parliament.  F
or the ejusdem rule to apply, the specific words must constitute a category, class or genus; if they do constitute such a category, class or genus, then only things which belongs to that category, class or genus fall within the general words \'85\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2182914\charrsid2182914 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9792084 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3964016 [62]\tab Lord Scarman in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid3964016 Quazi v. Quazi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3964016  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3964016\charrsid3964016 (1979) 3 All ER 897 had stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3964016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16516437 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16516437 \tab \'93
If the legislative purpose of a statute is such that a statutory series should be read ejusdem generis, so be it, the rule is helpful.  But, if it is not, the rule is more likely to defeat than to
 fulfil the purpose of the statute.  The rule like many other rules of statutory interpretation, is a useful servant but a bad master.  So a narrow construction on the basis of ejusdem generis rule may have to give way to a broader construction to give ef
fect to the intention of Parliament by adopting a purposive construction.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16516437\charrsid3964016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7937982 [63]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168 For a party leader }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5392114 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168 
ot to come within the category \'93office holder\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158 would seem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168  odd in view of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158 
importance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2295177  of such a position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16204251 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3026168  party.  If the party leader is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158  later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168  nomin
ated to be a candidate in the elections he will have to make a similar declaration eg: section 24(2).  But as the matter stands with the definition of office holder I find it is sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3038871 ly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168  wide to include \'93party leader.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7937982 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168 
\par [64]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15869972 But where was the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15869972 to prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15869972 
 that Mr. Rabuka had been elected or appointed by the members as \'93party leader.\'94  He had so described himself in the declaration form when lodging his financial details.  This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13642836  was a preliminary
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15869972  fact to be formally proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13642836   If the prosecution could 
not prove the matter, he would have no reason to comply with the requirements of section 24(1A).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158   His own description does not prove the matter for the prosecution.  They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2960601 must produce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2295177  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158 confirmat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2295177 ory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158 evidence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4613043 attain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158  proof beyond reasonable doubt.  As will be seen further on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4613043 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11824158  this evidence would not have been difficult to obtain \endash  if it existed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3026168 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 
\par [65]\tab A certified true copy of the amended Constitution of SODELPA had been exhibited.  It states on its front page: \'93Adopted at the Special General Assembly meeting held at the Epworth Hall, on Thursday 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\super\insrsid15278772\charrsid15278772 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772  September 2015.
\par 
\par [66]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330055 The Constitution provides for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772  a party structure consisting of:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 1.\tab General Assembly
\par 2.\tab Management Board
\par 3.\tab Constitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330055 ency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330055 Province}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6759825 ;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9330055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14768033 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 nd
\par 4.\tab Chapters/Branch.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772\charrsid15869972 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 \tab The day to day operation of the party was to be the responsibility of the Management Board through the General Secretary.
\par 
\par [67]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12199613 Under the heading \'93Management Board\'94 it states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15278772 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12199613 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12199613 (a)\tab 
The Management Board shall be the governing body of the Party and shall be constituted as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12199613 i)\tab The Party President;
\par 
\par ii)\tab Three (3) Vice-Presidents;
\par 
\par iii)\tab Party Leader;
\par 
\par iv)\tab Parliamentary Leader;
\par 
\par v)\tab Three (3) Parliamentarians appointed by the Parliamentary Caucus and who are members of the Joint Party and Parliamentary Committee;
\par 
\par vi)\tab Twenty Eight (28) representatives of the Constituency Councils as shown at Annex B;
\par 
\par vii)\tab Three (3) Women\rquote s Forum representatives:
\par 
\par viii)\tab Three (3) Youth Forum representatives.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12199613 
\par (b)\tab The General Secretary shall be the Secretary to the Management Board.
\par 
\par (c)\tab The Board shall meet at least once quarterly.  The quorum shall be fifty one percent (51%) of the total number of members of the Board and shall include one of the Vice-Presidents.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6702454 
\par [68]\tab On one view all members of the Management Board could come within the definition of \'93office holders.\'94  A narrower view of the directing mind of the party, \'93the brains\'94 at the heart of its business}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7483649 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6702454  might }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid806820 reduce the office holders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6702454  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7483649 down }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6702454 to \'93President, Vice-President, Party Leader, Parliamentary Leader, Treasurer, Secretary and the registered officer of the Party.\'94
\par 
\par [69]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4791651 However amongst the exhibits in this case and in the record of the oral testimony I can find no mention of any internal documents of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7483649 
the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4791651 party evidencing the \'93election or appointment\'94 of Mr. Rabuka as \'93Party Leader.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6702454 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13588378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 [70]\tab The Registrar is equipped with p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7415525 lenary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 powers to obtain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2373785 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 
 information reasonably required.  Under section 18(1) the Registrar may issue a written notice to the registered officer of a political party to furnish for inspection by the Registrar, the records requ
ired to be maintained under section 17, or such other information as is reasonably required by the Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9528356 to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13588378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 
\par [71]\tab By virtue of section 18(2) the Registrar may make copies of or take extracts from any records or other information f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4991801 urnished }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 
to the Registrar under this section.  The registered officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4991801  of the party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9528356  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531 
must comply [section 18(3)], or he or she commits an offence with a $10,000 fine or a term of imprisonment up to 5 years or both as penalties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4991801   U
nder section 26A(1) the Registrar is given all the powers necessary to carry out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3104094 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4991801  functions under this Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid9528356 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531 
\par [72]\tab As I have said earlier, there was no evidence submitted of the office holders of SODELPA appointed or elected under the Amended Constitution of the party, g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9179669 iving rise to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8737012 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531  statutory obligation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1115060  upon Mr. Rabuka}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531  to provide to the Registrar his financial details pursuant to section 24(1A).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6948952 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531 he}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6505727  foundations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12331917 giving rise to an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531  obligation to provide must be properly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6505727 proved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12787531 by evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6322846 
\par [73]\tab At Commo
n Law the courts accepted certificates issued by public officials.  Sometimes statutes carried special evidentiary sections stating that the certificate of the Registrar shall be accepted for all purposes as proof of the matters covered in the certificate
.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13124988 
\par [74]\tab By section 15 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2231474 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13124988 
iplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act the question of whether or not a person or organisation has been accorded any privilege or immunity under the Act is decided by the issuance of a certificate fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14580234 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13124988  the Minister.  Such certificate under the Act \'93shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8392839 
\par [75]\tab A certified copy of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16460992 entry in a register or register book signed and sealed by the Registrar or a divisional registrar, as the case may be, shall be received in all courts as evide
nce of the birth, death or marriage to which the same relates and of the particulars therein recorded without further proof of such matters and every certificate of the Registrar that every register of births, deaths or marriages for any specified period 
is lost or destroyed shall be received in any court as conclusive evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10555194 the facts [section 26 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10489415 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10555194 irths, Deaths, and Marriages Registration Act].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8392839 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14636604 
\par [76]\tab A certificate of registration given by the Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5389382 of Companies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14636604 in respect of any company shall be c
onclusive evidence that all requirements of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5389382 the Companies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14636604 
 Act in respect of registration and of matters of precedent and incidental thereto have been complied with, that the company is authorised to be registered and duly registered under th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid6187799 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14636604  Act and that company has the company name specified in the certificate of registration.
\par 
\par [77]\tab There is no such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16002618 enabling certificate section in the instant Act in this case.  However this need not have deterred the Registrar from issuing an authoritative certificate.  I
t could have put to rest the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1911868 con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4001106 tentious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1911868 issues of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14101899 registration of SODELPA and of the status of Mr. Rabuka as a relevant office holder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14636604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14101899 
\par [78]\tab The certificate could have covered the following facts and been tailored relevantly for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 this case as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14101899 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 \tab \'93I certify that having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3213631 determined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8078451 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 hat the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8025754 SODELPA as a political}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061  party should be registered, the said party was registered on the [date of registration inserted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3213631  \'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 
] as a political party pursuant to section 10 of the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding, and Disclosures) Act 2013.
\par 
\par \tab I certify that SODELPA was still so registered on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid2584061\charrsid2584061 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061  December 2017, and that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11278190 remains }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2584061 on the register.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8603397 
\par \tab 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid8603397\charrsid8603397 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8603397  May 2018
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Signed:\tab Mohammed Saneem
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Registrar of Political Parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8603397\charrsid9528356 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8603397 \tab To this certificate should be attached a certified extract or copy of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11030050 register showing the relevant entry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8603397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7174113 
\par [79]\tab A similar kind of certificate could be devised showing acceptance by the Registrar that the person providing the declaration is accepted by the Registrar for th
e purpose of complying with section 24(1A) in the office of party leader as an office holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9453173  pursuant to section 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7174113 
.  After all it is the Registrar whose duty it is to ensure there is compliance by the political parties and their office-holders with their obligations under the Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13521238 
\par [80]\tab There were two other ways in which the information recorded in the Register could be adduced in evidence.  The first is under the Public Documents Act 1884.  Certified copies of documents in the custody of public officers ar
e made admissible as evidence, and certified copies of documen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15096292 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13521238 s can be issued on application.  Section 2 of the Act provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11680108 \tab \'93
2.  Whenever any person is entitled to adduce proof in any court of justice or before any person now or hereafter having by la
w or consent of parties authority to hear, receive and examine evidence of the contents of any book or document in any public office or in the official charge of any public officer, it shall be sufficient if such person produce a copy of such book or docu
ment or extract therefrom signed and certified to be correct by the officer to whose custody the original is entrusted, and such copy or extract shall be admissible in evidence in such court or before such person in place of the original, \'85\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13521238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11613779 [81]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748 A judge m
ay decide whether any book or document, the original, should be produced.  If the judge considers it necessary for the purposes of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11207668 justice, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748 
he or she may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13787625 specially order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748  its production in a court of law.  Generally speaking in the modern world with digital
 storage few would claim the necessity of producing the original register.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11613779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748 
\par [82]\tab I said there w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13787625 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748 
 no provisions within the Act for certificates to be issued.  However there is another form of authoritative record available for production in court.  Throug
hout the Act a duty is imposed on the Registrar to publish information furnished.  For instance when an application for registration of a political }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8798805 party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid5178305 is lodged the Registrar is obliged to publish in the Gazette and in the media a notice of the applicat
ion [section 9(1)].  Once the Registrar has determined the application and decided to register the party he or she must also publish the registration in the Gazette and in the media.  Similarly any changes in the registration [section 11(4)] must be so pu
blished, and the various fina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16480116 ncial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5178305  declarations also must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11552498 placed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5178305  in the Gazette and the media [section 24(4)].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15813748 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5178305 
\par [83]\tab The Magistrate could have been handed a copy of the relevant Gazette with the information so placed by the Registrar.
\par 
\par [84]\tab Section 63 of the Interpretation Act provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid875150 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid875150\charrsid875150 [INT 63] Gazette to be evidence of matters therein
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid875150 63.\tab 
All printed copies of the Gazette, purporting to be printed by the Government Printer, shall be admitted in evidence by all courts and in all legal proceedings what
soever without any proof being given that such copies were so published and printed and shall be taken and accepted as evidence of the written law, appointments, notices and other publications, therein printed and of the matters and things contained in su
ch written law, appointments, notices and publications respectively.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5178305 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid875150 [85]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid147411 
The requirement to publish information in the Gazette and the media is not only a transparent and open procedure, it is also a means by which the information can be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2172049 adduced as admissible evidence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid875150 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10706206 
\par [86]\tab What }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1133054 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10706206  the evidence then on these issues available to the court fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16411145 om}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10706206  the testimony of Mr. Saneem, the Registrar? His written statement was tendered by consent.  In it he stated \'93Mr. Sitiveni Rabuka holds the position of Leader for t
he Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA).\'94  He says nothing else by way of proof of this fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16411145   Nor was there anything about the registration of SODELPA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10706206 
\par 
\par [87]\tab In his evidence in court he said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11950248 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4003391 
Mr. Aslam:\tab And can you confirm to the court SODELPA, Social Democratic Liberal Party, is a registered political party?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10706206 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4003391 
\par Mr. Saneem:\tab Social Democratic Liberal Party is a registered political party.
\par 
\par Mr. Aslam:\tab And within your course of duty would you know the party leader is?
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11950248 Mr. Saneem:\tab The party leader for Social Democratic Liberal Party is Mr. Sitiveni Rabuka.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4003391 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14833155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7276905 [88]\tab The Registrar did not testify \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12403130 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7276905 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7276905 (i)\tab as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12351370 the date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7276905 when he determined that SODELPA was accepted for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406 registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7276905 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406 
\par (ii)\tab that SODELPA was still on the register on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid10627406\charrsid10627406 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406  December 2017 [the date in 
the charge alleging the non-compliance or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5967304  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406  provision of information that was false].
\par 
\par (iii)\tab and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12351370 SODELPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406  remained on the register at the time of his giving evidence [this last was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3608033  strictly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406  relevant to the charge].
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12403130 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10627406 [89]\tab Even if the Registrar was
 to give oral testimony without any other supporting evidence, documentary or otherwise, significantly he failed to confirm SODELPA was registered on the date alleged in the charge.  As such, the quality of evidence on this element of the charge was low, 
and it is hardly surprising }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14112173 
the Magistrate reached his conclusion that SODELPA had not been proved beyond reasonable doubt to be a registered political party, nor Mr. Rabuka an office holder required to make the financial declaration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10627406 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid11408933 Did the prosecution have to prove an intent for either limb of the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 

\par [90]\tab Both counsel submitted these two limbs of the offence under section 24(5) required proof of an intent.
\par 
\par [91]\tab The first limb relevantly says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 \tab \'93any person who fails to comply with the requirements
 of subsection (1A) \'85 commits an offence.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 
\par [92]\tab The penalties for the lesser offence [Limb 1] are the same as for providing information that is false [Limb 2], a more serious charge where intent is clearly an element to be proved.  Though the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid15417988 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9249811 egislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933  
might have distinguished the two limbs and provided for a lesser penalty on the failing to comply offence, judicial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1452421 officers can exercise within that band a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid15417988  sentencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1452421  discretion to reflect the lesser offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1452421 
\par [93]\tab No indication of intent is provided within the section.  This is to be compared with the Crimes Act offence of Giving False Information to a Public Servant contrary to section 201.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16599594 
That section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1452421  is worded as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 \tab \'93201.\tab 
If a person (the first person) gives to any person employed in the public service any information which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10503765\charrsid3285336 he or she knows or believes to be false}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 , and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10503765\charrsid3285336 intending to cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 , or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10503765\charrsid3285336 knowing it to be likely that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765  the first person will cause the person employed in the public service \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid1452421 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 (a)\tab to do or omit anything which such person employed
 in the public service ought not to do or omit if the true state of facts respecting which such information is given were known to him; or
\par 
\par (b)\tab to use the lawful power of such person employed in the public service to the injury or annoyance of any person \endash 
\par 
\par \tab the first person commits a summary offence.
\par 
\par Penalty \endash  Imprisonment for 5 years.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3285336  [emphasis added]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10503765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11408933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3285336 [94]\tab It is abundantly clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid408602 what the prosecution must prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1203262  by way of intent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid408602  in order to succeed.  No such words are included in either limb of section 24(5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8092275  however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid408602 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs26\insrsid10503765\charrsid1469478 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 
\par [95]\tab Under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11752837  section 27 a similar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016  offence is set out as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 \tab \'9327 (1)  A person who \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 (a)\tab 
fails to furnish particulars or information required to be furnished by a political party o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806 r by  him or her under this Act;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 (b)\tab makes a statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid16154016 which he or she knows to be false}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid16154016 which he or she has no reason to believe to be true}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 ; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 (c)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid16154016 recklessly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016  makes a false statement under this Act,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016 \tab 
commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16154016\charrsid16154016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid408602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806 \tab This categorisation is much clearer than section 24(5).  (a) appears to be a strict liability offence, (b) includes proof of an intent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid655383 namely
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid1643806 knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid655383 of falsity }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806 and (c) requires proof of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid655383  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid1643806 
reckless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806  statement.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1643806\charrsid1643806 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13527885 [9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2697177 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13527885 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4201341 
The failing to comply limb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9766404  in section 24(5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4201341 
 involves no corrupt intent.  It simply alleges a failure to comply simpliciter.  This is therefore not one of those cases where there is a requirement for the Accused to prove that he or she had no corrupt intention: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid4201341 Arnold v. Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4201341  (1993) 107 DLR (4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid4201341\charrsid4201341 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4201341 
) 88.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid408602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8658811 
\par [9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16142911 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8658811 ]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8658811 R v Sault Ste Marie (City)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid8658811\charrsid8658811  (1978) 85 DLR (3d) 161, 40 CCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8658811  (2d) 353, [1978] 2 SCR 1299 Dickson J speaking for the court said the following at pp 181-2:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15936776 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 \tab \'93I conclude, for the reasons which I 
have sought to express, that there are compelling grounds for the recognition of three categories of offences rather than the traditional two:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15936776 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 1.\tab Offences in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 , consisting of some positive state of mind such as intent, knowledge, or recklessn
ess, must be proved by the prosecution either as an inference from the nature of the act committed, or by additional evidence.
\par 
\par 2.\tab Offences in which there is no necessity for the prosecution to prove the existence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 ; the doing of the prohibited act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 
 imports the offence, leaving it open to the accused to avoid liability by proving that he took all reasonable care.  This involves consideration of what a reasonable man would have done in the circumstances.  The defence will be available if
 the accused reasonably believed in a mistaken set of facts which, if true, would render the act or omission innocent, or if he took all reasonable steps to avoid the particular event.  These offences may properly be called offences of strict liability.  
Mr. Justice Estey so referred to them in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid1001028 Hickey\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1001028  case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 
\par 3.\tab Offences of absolute liability where it is not open to the accused to exculpate himself by showing that he was free of fault.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 
\par \tab Offences which are criminal in the true sense fall in the first category.  Public welfare offences would, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 
, be in the second category.  They are not subject to the presumption of full }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14243418 
.  An offence of this type would fall in the first category only if such words as \'93wilfully\'94, \'93with intent\'94, \'93knowingly\'94, or \'93intentionally\'94 are contained in the statutory provision creating the offence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14243418\charrsid14243418 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15936776 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5442239 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9175048 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16142911 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5442239 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5641425 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 This case has been cited and approved in Fiji courts as well as in New Zealand.  In the Court of Appeal, Fiji in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8608988\charrsid8608988 Regina v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8608988 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10645788 Coya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8608988 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10645788 Construction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid8608988 ) Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8608988 
(unreported) Cr. App. No. 73 of 1982}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10385597 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 he court approved the approach as in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10645788 
Sault Ste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2559199 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2559199  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 
The case concerned the mishandling of explosives at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8608988 Monasavu Dam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10385597 
As an industrial safety matter i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 t was held to be a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8608988 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid8608988 absolute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788  liability offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8608988 , with no defence available.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid5138624 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16142911 [99}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 ]\tab 
For strict liability there is no requirement to prove a fault element.  The Accused will not be guilty if he or she acted under an honest and reasonable mistake of facts.  Although the state of mind of the offender may not be relevant to the determination
 of guilt, it may be relevant to the question of sentence.  Care should be taken on sentence to ensure the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7699383 
penalty imposed does not cause the offender to shoulder unfairly the burden of community education.  With new legislation, changing society\rquote s approach
 to public conduct, the raising of governance standards, it will not at first be necessary to express disapproval by harsh penalties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid10645788 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7699383 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid16142911 [100}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7699383 ]\tab Offences that are criminal in nature are more likely to be interpreted according to the general presumption of intent.  Regulat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7881666 ory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7699383 
 legislation, where offences are created to regulate social or industrial conditions, public safety, safety at sea or in the air, or to protect revenue, are more easily regarded as imposing strict or absolute liability.  Increasingly within 
that group will be regulations governing clean air, pollution, litter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927 disposal of industrial waste, protection of reefs, fishing zones, forests and wildlife, indeed flora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7169201 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  fauna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7169201 , and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid7169201 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927 he environment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13785927 R v C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid4525809 ummins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  [1979] 3 WWR 593, 3 WCB 255; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13785927 State v Hong Kuo Hui and Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927 . HAC40.2004, 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid13785927\charrsid13785927 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  May 2005 [where the court found fishing without a licence inside Fiji\rquote 
s waters to be an absolute offence].  Ignorance of the law would not be a defence [section 36 Crimes Act].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7699383 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9897466 [101}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927 ]\tab Whilst }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13785927\charrsid1469478 failing to comply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  is likely to be a strict liability regulat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7436259 ory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  offence, it would seem obvious that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13785927\charrsid1469478 providing information which is false}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13785927  is a more straightforward criminal offence requiring proof of both the falsity of the information and the accused
\rquote s knowledge that it is so false.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1466845 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9897466 [102}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1466845 ]\tab The appellant is correct in submitting ignorance of the law, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12342747  of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1466845  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12614256  obligation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1466845  to submit details of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13792210 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1466845 is debts, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid414277 
investments and discharged liabilities would not constitute a defence [section 36 Crimes Act].  The defence accepted in that regard at para 57 of the Magistrate\rquote s judgment is not therefore accurately expressed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid1466845 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid414277 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid414277 Duplicity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid414277 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9897466 [103}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid414277 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 The charge brought reads as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid414277 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 Statement of Offence
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12403439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid7739691 PROVIDING FALSE DECLARATION OF ASSETS, INCOME AND LIABILITIES}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 :  Contrary to section 24(1A) and 24(5) of the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding and Disclosures) Act No. 4 of 2013.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 Particulars of the Offence
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12403439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691 
SITIVENI LIGAMAMADA RABUKA on or about 29 December 2017, at Suva in the Central Division, as the Leader of a registered Political Par
ty namely the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA), provided a false declaration of assets and liabilities to the Supervisor of Elections by failing to provide information namely, the tax liability with FIJI REVENUE AND CUSTOMS SERVICES in the amount
 
of $316,956.20, the Investment and interest income with RAGHWAN CONSTRUCTIONS LTD in the amount of $200,000 and $16,000 respectively and the liability with said RAGHWAN CONSTRUCTIONS LTD in the amount of $120,000, contrary to sections 24(1A) and 24(5) of 
the Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding and Disclosures) Act 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7739691\charrsid7739691 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9137226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9897466 [104}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2048186 ]\tab The offence in section 24(5) is worded:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1133946 \tab \'93(5)\tab 
Any person who fails to comply with the requirements of subsections (1), (1A), (1B) or (2), or provides any information th
at is false, commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or to both.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2048186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9137226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9897466 [105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid26603 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880 
In the charge as drafted both limbs of section 24(5) are included.  It was no surprise therefore that leading defence counsel should pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13987886 test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880 
 about its duplicity.  Two offences have been merged into one charge, and as can be seen with significantly two different elements of proof.  One is strict and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11690152 the other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880  requires proof of knowledge of the falsity of the information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid26603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880 
\par [106]\tab These are not alternative ways of committing the same offence, which would be permissible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7418006 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid7418006 Amos v DPP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid7418006  [1988] RTR 198.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880   These are two discrete offences, one more serious than the other.
\par 
\par [107]\tab It is an essential of criminal law and procedure for an Accused person to be informed of the charge against him or her [section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926 
14(2)(b) Constitution].  There must be no confusion in the charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4281880 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926 
\par [108]\tab This is a fundamental protection.  Nor is this a case where there is merely a slip in the charge or section numbering where everything else is clear, such as the Statement of Offence and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid2256516  the
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926  Particulars of Offence.  In such circumstances if the court finds that the Accused and his counsel were able to make their defence without emba
rrassment or prejudice and they were not misled as to what they had to answer, the defective charge will not be held to be bad in law: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3407926 Skipper v. R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid3407926  [1979] FJC 6; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3407926 Shekar and Shankar v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926  Cr. App. AAU0056 of 2004, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid3407926 Mudaliar v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926  Cr. App. AAU0032.2006.
\par 
\par [109]\tab 
This confusion could have affected whether or not Mr. Lloyd would decide to call his client as a defence witness.  The confusion was there and the defence were understandably prejudiced in the conduct of their case.  In these circumstances, and for
 the breach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3947920 the essential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid3407926 
constitutional requirement, a fair trial was not obtained.  Had a conviction been entered it would have had to be quashed upon appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331336 
\par [110]\tab The learned Magistrate was correct at arriving at his conclusion that the prosecution had failed to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt.  It is futile to speculate further.
\par 
\par [111]\tab There was a limited concession on good character by the prosecution,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid13187056  perhaps}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331336 
 not as far as the Magistrate had noted.  Good character had not been put fully in
 issue.  It was the caution interview that the prosecution relied on to establish knowledge of falsehood.  Undoubtedly there was co-operation by a busy person with the investigative agency. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9323789 T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331336 he Magistrate wrote:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9797050 \tab \'93The defendant\rquote s conduct is definitely not
 of someone intending to flout the law.  The defendant has maintained throughout his caution interview that he did not think it was necessary and that it was an honest mistake.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331336\charrsid3407926 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9137226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1523874 \tab There was variance in some answers as to whether inadvertence, old age, led to the mistake or it was mistake as to the requirement to reveal what had been left out, a mistake of law.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9797050 [112]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832 The interview for FICAC left many }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15473255 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid13187056 nswers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832  unprobed or unclarified.  Such interviews should always be conducted on the basis that reliance may 
have to be made solely on that procedure.  The Accused submitted himself voluntarily to being questioned on the reasons for his conduct.  He need not have said anything.  He did.  But further clarifications would have been needed to establish proof beyond
 reasonable doubt of wrongdoing within the charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9797050 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832 
\par [113]\tab As I have said the duplicity of the charges was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15473255 fatal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15473255 the prosecution
\rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832  and essential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12799670 elements were not proved.  The appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid15473255  fails and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12799670  must be dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid11422832 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12799670 
\par [114]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12011130 This appeal was a complex matter requiring a great deal of hard work in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160 preparation and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid1780916 because of the time constraints,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160  no doubt all other work would have had to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1780916 have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14560160  put aside.  Pursuant to section 254(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1780916  of the CPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160  there will be an order for $4,000 costs summarily assessed payab
le to the Respondent within 14 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid12799670 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid1463350 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160 AHCT Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid14560160 Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11107320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160 At Suva
\par 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\super\insrsid14560160\charrsid14560160 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14560160  November 2018
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid9259083 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid9259083 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9259083 
\par Office of the Fiji Independent Commission against Corruption for Appellant
\par Mamlakah Lawyers for Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid9259083\charrsid9259083 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
9cb2400825e982c78ec7a27cc0c8992416c9d8b2a755fbf74cd25442a820166c2cd933f79e3be372bd1f07b5c3989ca74aaff2422b24eb1b475da5df374fd9ad
5689811a183c61a50f98f4babebc2837878049899a52a57be670674cb23d8e90721f90a4d2fa3802cb35762680fd800ecd7551dc18eb899138e3c943d7e503b6
b01d583deee5f99824e290b4ba3f364eac4a430883b3c092d4eca8f946c916422ecab927f52ea42b89a1cd59c254f919b0e85e6535d135a8de20f20b8c12c3b0
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